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Journal articles on the topic 'Rational Strain'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Nakai, Teruo, Hossain Md Shahin, and Akira Ishikawa. "Rational modelling of elastic soil behaviour in 3D condition." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 15003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199215003.

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A simple and rigorous formulation of elastic component of elastoplastic model for geomaterials is presented. Although linear relation between elastic volumetric strain and mean principal stress in log scale is assumed in most of the usual models, linear relation between each principal stress and the corresponding principal elastic strain in log scale is assumed. Incorporating Poisson's ratio, three principal stresses vs. three elastic principal strain relation is obtained. Also, assuming coaxially between stresses and elastic strains, this relation can be transformed to stress- elastic strain relation in general coordinate. The material parameters of the proposed model of the elastic component are the same as those of the usual models, i.e., swelling index κ and Poisson's ratio ν. This proposed model can describe typical unloading behaviour of various shear tests and constant stress ratio unloading tests reported before.
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2

Cardoso, João G. R., Ahmad A. Zeidan, Kristian Jensen, Nikolaus Sonnenschein, Ana Rute Neves, and Markus J. Herrgård. "MARSI: metabolite analogues for rational strain improvement." Bioinformatics 34, no. 13 (February 23, 2018): 2319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty108.

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3

Rau, Martin H., and Ahmad A. Zeidan. "Constraint-based modeling in microbial food biotechnology." Biochemical Society Transactions 46, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20170268.

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Genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction offers a means to leverage the value of the exponentially growing genomics data and integrate it with other biological knowledge in a structured format. Constraint-based modeling (CBM) enables both the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the reconstructed networks. The rapid advancements in these areas can benefit both the industrial production of microbial food cultures and their application in food processing. CBM provides several avenues for improving our mechanistic understanding of physiology and genotype–phenotype relationships. This is essential for the rational improvement of industrial strains, which can further be facilitated through various model-guided strain design approaches. CBM of microbial communities offers a valuable tool for the rational design of defined food cultures, where it can catalyze hypothesis generation and provide unintuitive rationales for the development of enhanced community phenotypes and, consequently, novel or improved food products. In the industrial-scale production of microorganisms for food cultures, CBM may enable a knowledge-driven bioprocess optimization by rationally identifying strategies for growth and stability improvement. Through these applications, we believe that CBM can become a powerful tool for guiding the areas of strain development, culture development and process optimization in the production of food cultures. Nevertheless, in order to make the correct choice of the modeling framework for a particular application and to interpret model predictions in a biologically meaningful manner, one should be aware of the current limitations of CBM.
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4

Tenhaef, Niklas, Robert Stella, Julia Frunzke, and Stephan Noack. "Automated Rational Strain Construction Based on High-Throughput Conjugation." ACS Synthetic Biology 10, no. 3 (February 16, 2021): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.0c00599.

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5

Tsouka, Sophia, Meric Ataman, Tuure Hameri, Ljubisa Miskovic, and Vassily Hatzimanikatis. "Constraint-based metabolic control analysis for rational strain engineering." Metabolic Engineering 66 (July 2021): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2021.03.003.

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6

Chen, Zhen, Rajesh Reddy Bommareddy, Doinita Frank, Sugima Rappert, and An-Ping Zeng. "Deregulation of Feedback Inhibition of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase for Improved Lysine Production in Corynebacterium glutamicum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 4 (December 13, 2013): 1388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03535-13.

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ABSTRACTAllosteric regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) controls the metabolic flux distribution of anaplerotic pathways. In this study, the feedback inhibition ofCorynebacterium glutamicumPEPC was rationally deregulated, and its effect on metabolic flux redistribution was evaluated. Based on rational protein design, six PEPC mutants were designed, and all of them showed significantly reduced sensitivity toward aspartate and malate inhibition. Introducing one of the point mutations (N917G) into theppcgene, encoding PEPC of the lysine-producing strainC. glutamicumLC298, resulted in ∼37% improved lysine production.In vitroenzyme assays and13C-based metabolic flux analysis showed ca. 20 and 30% increases in the PEPC activity and corresponding flux, respectively, in the mutant strain. Higher demand for NADPH in the mutant strain increased the flux toward pentose phosphate pathway, which increased the supply of NADPH for enhanced lysine production. The present study highlights the importance of allosteric regulation on the flux control of central metabolism. The strategy described here can also be implemented to improve other oxaloacetate-derived products.
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7

Stepanova, Ekaterina A., Ekaterina A. Bazhenova, Elena V. Krutikova, Nataliya V. Larionova, Irina V. Kiseleva, and Larisa G. Rudenko. "Rational selection of hemagglutinin variants of H3N2 influenza viruses in preparation of live influenza vaccine strains to optimize growth characteristics." Medical academic journal 21, no. 3 (December 6, 2021): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj77445.

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BACKGROUND: Up to date Russian live attenuated influenza vaccines are produced in developing chicken embryos. During passaging in embryos, the virus isolated from the human respiratory tract undergoes adaptation to the receptors in embryos. The population of the virus, at any passage in chicken embryos, is heterogeneous and contains variants of viruses with one or another set of adaptive substitutions. Before preparing the vaccine strain, the population of the epidemic virus is cloned and the genetic sequence of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase clones is analyzed. The growth characteristics of the vaccine strain and its antigenic properties depend on the correct choice of the variant of the virus. AIM: The aim of the study was to select the variant of the H3N2 subtype virus for the preparation of a vaccine reassortant based on data on the composition of the population and an assessment of its growth properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Viruses were cloned in developing chicken embryos, sequencing of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the clones was performed. On the basis of the clones selected based on the results of the analysis of the population, strains of a live influenza vaccine were obtained by the reassortment in the chicken embryos. The growth characteristics of the strains, the phenotype in eggs, and the antigenic properties by hemagglutination inhibition test were evaluated. RESULTS: The influenza virus A/Kansas/14/2017 recommended by WHO for the epidemic season 2019-2020 acquired a pair of D190N + N246T substitutions dominating in the population at the 7th passage in eggs. From the population of A/Kansas/14/2017-like strain A/Brisbane/34/2018, from the third passage in the eggs, it was possible to obtain a variant of the virus with substitutions G186V + S219Y in hemagglutinin. The growth characteristics of the strain based on A/Kansas/14/2017 (passage E7) were significantly inferior to the characteristics of the strain based on A/Brisbane/34/2018 (passage E3), in the absence of differences in antigenic properties. CONCLUSIONS: The variant of egg adaptation of hemagglutinin G186V in strains of clade 3c.3a is preferable for the preparation of live influenza vaccine strains; variant N246T is not optimal. When preparing strains, it is necessary to analyze the composition of the virus population by cloning and choose the most optimal option for preparing strains. The persistence of egg-adaptive substitutions in passaged variants of the virus is not always optimal for strains of live influenza vaccine, and therefore it is preferable to use the population as close as possible to the initial variant to start work on the strain.
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8

Xia, Xiao-Xia, and Sang Yup Lee. "Comparative proteomic analysis of four biotechnologically important Escherichia coli strains for rational host strain selection." Journal of Biotechnology 136 (October 2008): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.100.

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9

Mukhopadhyay, N. K., K. N. Ishihara, S. Ranganathan, and K. Chattopadhyay. "Rational approximant structures and phason strain in icosahedral quasicrystalline phases." Acta Metallurgica et Materialia 39, no. 6 (June 1991): 1151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(91)90203-d.

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10

Han, Yupei, Xiaopeng Jing, Xingzhi Zhou, Kelvin HL Zhang, Sida Li, Wei Wang, and Weidong He. "Coordination-dependent surface strain and rational construction of robust structures." Nanotechnology 29, no. 46 (September 20, 2018): 465708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aad717.

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11

Spencer‐Dawe, Eileen. "Lone Mothers in Employment: Seeking Rational Solutions to Role Strain." Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 27, no. 3-4 (December 2005): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09649060500386711.

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12

Taher, S. E.-D. M. F., M. H. Baluch, and F. J. M. Q. de Melo. "Rational split of the strain tensor in elastoplastic damage mechanics." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 37, no. 2 (February 2002): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324021514880.

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13

V. V. Kovaltchuk and Y. Y. Luchko. "The resistance strain gages are multifunction (sensors)." Science and Transport Progress, no. 39 (December 25, 2011): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2011/6875.

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The console beam of equal resistance of bending from different constructions of elastic elements (as the most rational element of the apparatus for investigation of strain-resistive characteristics) has been chosen and analyzed. The construction and the principle the work of apparatus for the investigation of strain-resistive sensing elements have been given in the present work.
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14

Meng, Xiangying, Songfang Zhao, Zhe Zhang, Ruliang Zhang, Jinhui Li, Jinfeng Leng, Duxia Cao, Guoping Zhang, and Rong Sun. "Nacre-inspired highly stretchable piezoresistive Cu–Ag nanowire/graphene synergistic conductive networks for strain sensors and beyond." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 23 (2019): 7061–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc00943d.

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Recently, it has become highly desirable but remains a challenge to design strain-sensing materials with rational geometric structures that endow the strain sensors high sensitivity, large stretchability and a broad sensing range simultaneously.
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15

Liu, Yang, Xian De Zhu, and Zhi Gong. "A Simple Constitutive Model for Overconsolidated Clays." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2283.

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In the framework of critical state soil mechanics, a simple constitutive model for overconsolidated clays is proposed based on subloading surface and normal consolidation yield surface. A more rational hardening law is used to describe the change between subloading surface and the normal consolidation surface with plastic deformation and an associated flow rule is adopted. The model can describe many characteristics of overcaonsolidated clays, such as stress-strain relationship, strain hardening and softening, and stress dilatancy. Compared with the Cam-clay model, two more parameters are required which represents specific physical meanings. Numerical simulation is compared with data from triaxial drained compression test, indicating that the proposed model can rationally describe overconsolidated properties.
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16

Lee, Moon Joo. "A contribution toward rational modeling of the pressure–strain‐rate correlation." Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics 2, no. 4 (April 1990): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857712.

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17

Carlson, Ross, David Fell, and Friedrich Srienc. "Metabolic pathway analysis of a recombinant yeast for rational strain development." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 79, no. 2 (May 24, 2002): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.10305.

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18

Kroukamp, Heinrich, Riaan den Haan, John‐Henry van Zyl, and Willem Heber van Zyl. "Rational strain engineering interventions to enhance cellulase secretion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 12, no. 1 (October 8, 2017): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1824.

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19

Davis, R. O., and J. B. Berrill. "Rational approximation of stress and strain based on downhole acceleration measurements." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 22, no. 8 (August 1998): 603–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9853(199808)22:8<603::aid-nag936>3.0.co;2-7.

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20

Swinnen, Steve, Christian Zurek, Marco Krämer, Rebecca M. Heger, Jan-Eike Domeyer, Jan Ziegler, Vitali A. Svetlitchnyi, and Albrecht Läufer. "A novel SfaNI-like restriction-modification system in Caldicellulosiruptor extents the genetic engineering toolbox for this genus." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 29, 2022): e0279562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279562.

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Caldicellulosiruptor is a genus of thermophilic to hyper-thermophilic microorganisms that express and secrete an arsenal of enzymes degrading lignocellulosic biomasses into fermentable sugars. Because of this distinguished feature, strains of Caldicellulosiruptor have been considered as promising candidates for consolidated bioprocessing. Although a few Caldicellulosiruptor strains with industrially relevant characteristics have been isolated to date, it is apparent that further improvement of the strains is essential for industrial application. The earlier identification of the HaeIII-like restriction-modification system in C. bescii strain DSM 6725 has formed the basis for genetic methods with the aim to improve the strain’s lignocellulolytic activity and ethanol production. In this study, a novel SfaNI-like restriction-modification system was identified in Caldicellulosiruptor sp. strain BluCon085, consisting of an endonuclease and two methyltransferases that recognize the reverse-complement sequences 5’-GATGC-3’ and 5‘-GCATC-3’. Methylation of the adenine in both sequences leads to an asymmetric methylation pattern in the genomic DNA of strain BluCon085. Proteins with high percentage of identity to the endonuclease and two methyltransferases were identified in the genomes of C. saccharolyticus strain DSM 8903, C. naganoensis strain DSM 8991, C. changbaiensis strain DSM 26941 and Caldicellulosiruptor sp. strain F32, suggesting that a similar restriction-modification system may be active also in these strains and respective species. We show that methylation of plasmid and linear DNA by the identified methyltransferases, obtained by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, is sufficient for successful transformation of Caldicellulosiruptor sp. strain DIB 104C. The genetic engineering toolbox developed in this study forms the basis for rational strain improvement of strain BluCon085, a derivative from strain DIB 104C with exceptionally high L-lactic acid production. The toolbox may also work for other species of the genus Caldicellulosiruptor that have so far not been genetically tractable.
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Tilloy, Valentin, Anne Ortiz-Julien, and Sylvie Dequin. "Reduction of Ethanol Yield and Improvement of Glycerol Formation by Adaptive Evolution of the Wine Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under Hyperosmotic Conditions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 8 (February 14, 2014): 2623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03710-13.

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ABSTRACTThere is a strong demand from the wine industry for methodologies to reduce the alcohol content of wine without compromising wine's sensory characteristics. We assessed the potential of adaptive laboratory evolution strategies under hyperosmotic stress for generation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaewine yeast strains with enhanced glycerol and reduced ethanol yields. Experimental evolution on KCl resulted, after 200 generations, in strains that had higher glycerol and lower ethanol production than the ancestral strain. This major metabolic shift was accompanied by reduced fermentative capacities, suggesting a trade-off between high glycerol production and fermentation rate. Several evolved strains retaining good fermentation performance were selected. These strains produced more succinate and 2,3-butanediol than the ancestral strain and did not accumulate undesirable organoleptic compounds, such as acetate, acetaldehyde, or acetoin. They survived better under osmotic stress and glucose starvation conditions than the ancestral strain, suggesting that the forces that drove the redirection of carbon fluxes involved a combination of osmotic and salt stresses and carbon limitation. To further decrease the ethanol yield, a breeding strategy was used, generating intrastrain hybrids that produced more glycerol than the evolved strain. Pilot-scale fermentation on Syrah using evolved and hybrid strains produced wine with 0.6% (vol/vol) and 1.3% (vol/vol) less ethanol, more glycerol and 2,3-butanediol, and less acetate than the ancestral strain. This work demonstrates that the combination of adaptive evolution and breeding is a valuable alternative to rational design for remodeling the yeast metabolic network.
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22

Lakum, Harshad P., Dhruvin R. Shah, and Kishor H. Chikhalia. "Novel s-Triazinyl Schiff Base/Chalcone Congeners: Rational, Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anti-TB Evaluation." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 38 (September 2014): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.38.56.

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The occurrence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) infectious microbial strains has been increased upto alarming level which affects the public health worldwide. To cure this problem, a library of s-triazinyl derivatives comprising schiff base or chalcone motif have been rationalized, synthesized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Escherichia coli MTCC 739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741 and Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109) and four fungal strains (Aspergillus niger MTCC 282, Aspergillus fumigates MTCC 343, Aspergillus clavatus MTCC 1323, Candida albicans MTCC 183) using broth dilution technique. All the newly synthesized scaffolds were further evaluated for their in vitro anti-TB efficacy against the tubercular strain (Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv) using Lowenstein-Jensen MIC method. All the derivatives were well characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis as well as mass spectroscopy.
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23

Lakum, Harshad P., Dhruvin R. Shah, and Kishor H. Chikhalia. "Novel s-Triazinyl Schiff Base/Chalcone Congeners: Rational, Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anti-TB Evaluation." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 38 (September 3, 2014): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-jt8bw8.

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The occurrence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) infectious microbial strains has been increased upto alarming level which affects the public health worldwide. To cure this problem, a library of s-triazinyl derivatives comprising schiff base or chalcone motif have been rationalized, synthesized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Escherichia coli MTCC 739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741 and Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109) and four fungal strains (Aspergillus niger MTCC 282, Aspergillus fumigates MTCC 343, Aspergillus clavatus MTCC 1323, Candida albicans MTCC 183) using broth dilution technique. All the newly synthesized scaffolds were further evaluated for their in vitro anti-TB efficacy against the tubercular strain (Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv) using Lowenstein-Jensen MIC method. All the derivatives were well characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis as well as mass spectroscopy.
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24

ZHANG, B. Z., F. C. KONG, R. K. CUI, and X. N. ZENG. "Gene expression of detoxification enzymes in insecticide-resistant and insecticide-susceptible Bemisia tabaci strains after diafenthiuron exposure." Journal of Agricultural Science 154, no. 4 (March 4, 2016): 742–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859615001409.

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SUMMARYThe B-biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) has become extremely resistant to commonly used insecticides in China. To further explore the mechanisms of resistance to diafenthiuron, the diafenthiuron induction profiles of carboxylesterase (COE1), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and seven cytochrome P450 genes in both resistant (R-DfWf) and susceptible (S-Lab) strains were characterized. The detoxification genes GST, CYP6CX4, CYP6DW3, CYP6DZ6 and CYP9F, which are known to be constitutively over-expressed in the R-DfWf strain, were significantly upregulated in R-DfWf and S-Lab strains exposed to diafenthiuron at LC50 compared with their levels in strains treated with distilled water (controls); however, CYP6CX1, another detoxification gene, was not upregulated. The upregulation was more pronounced in the R-DfWf strain than in the S-Lab strain exposed to different concentrations of diafenthiuron (LC10 or LC50). Interestingly, COE1, CYP6CM1 and CYP6A, which are not constitutively over-expressed in the R-DfWf strain, were all significantly upregulated after exposure to diafenthiuron. Similarly, significant differences in the expression of these detoxification genes, with the exception of CYP6CM1 in the S-Lab strain, were also observed after exposure to diafenthiuron. However, the induction of CYP6A and COE1 was more pronounced in the S-Lab strain than in the R-DfWf strain after treatment with diafenthiuron at both concentrations, indicating that diafenthiuron induction of CYP6CM1 is specific to the R-DfWf strain, while diafenthiuron induction of the other genes is common to both the R-DfWf and S-Lab strains. These results demonstrate that multiple detoxification genes are co-upregulated in the R-DfWf strain through both constitutive over-expression and induction mechanisms. This knowledge will be useful for rational selection of insecticides for use in resistance management and control of this species.
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SILVEIRA, Rafael H., Kelly G. LIMA, Carolina H. SANTOS-BOROWICZ, Karin H. SCHWAMBACH, and Hugo BOCK. "Resistance to antimicrobials and vancomycin treatment in neonatal sepsis in a hospital in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Farmácia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saúde 11, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.30968/rbfhss.2020.113.0472.

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Objective: To describe the antimicrobial resistance profile of strains isolated from neonates with septicemia undergoing vancomycin treatment, to determine the agreement of treatment with guideline and blood cultures, to assess the presence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the clinical outcome in a hospital in Brazil. Methods: A total of 51 newborns treated with vancomycin were studied in the period from January to December 2017. Treatment assessment was verified by the compliance with the Rational Use and Insurance Policy of Antibiotics in Neonatology and blood culture. The presence of AKI was based on the results of serum creatinine. The data were monitored by the computerized system of the laboratory. Results: The main isolated strain was Staphylococcus (coagulase negative) (82.9%), 93.5% with resistance to oxacillin for early infections and 100% for late infections. The same strain showed 54.8% resistance to gentamicin for cases of early sepsis and 66.6% for late sepsis. There were no cases of resistance to vancomycin. The treatments agreed with the reference protocol in 46.3% and with the results of blood cultures in 56%. Only two cases of AKI are observed. Conclusions: The oxacillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus strains were the main causes of neonatal sepsis. The use of gentamicin for sensitive strains may reduce the use of vancomycin. The results suggest the need for better standardization of the treatment to reduce the risk of toxicity and rational use of therapeutic resources.
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Bai, Yin Lan, Da Yong You, Guo Qing Lu, and Chen Xin Liu. "Simulation Analysis of the Tensile Process on Sheet Sample." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.92.

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Stress-strain is commonly used in engineering; however the real stress-strain is more used in the test and exploitation of new product. ANSYS finite element software is adopted in this study, stress-strain of the tensile sample of the sheet in different stage is calculated under the 10mm displacement load, stress-strain curve is obtained, and the engineering and the real stress-strain are analyzed. The results show that simulation data are in accordance with the measured ones, the error is less than 3%, which proves that the model is the rational.
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27

Ji, Ming, and Hongjun Guo. "Elastic-Plastic Threshold and Rational Unloading Level of Rocks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (August 3, 2019): 3164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153164.

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During loading and unloading test, various rocks manifest different stress values of elastic-plastic transformation. This study proposes to include axial pressure increment ratio in the conventional triaxial compression test to evaluate different variables (nominal elastic modulus, nominal Poisson’s ratio, strain, and energy). The relationships among various factors including variables, the stress level of initial confining stress and axial pressures, were analyzed by analyzing the stress–strain plot record obtained from testing various rocks. The extreme value point of the deformation parameter, also known as the elastic-plastic threshold, was analyzed. In addition, the elastic-plastic thresholds were later used as unloading points during the unloading tests. Under the same confining condition, different rocks demonstrated different unloading levels. Furthermore, a linear correlation was observed between unloading levels and changing confining pressures, and the gradient is mainly related to the types of rocks. During the unloading tests of rocks, the rational unloading level is recommended to be no higher than the stress level at the elastic-plastic threshold under the corresponding confining pressure.
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28

Li, Zhengtao, Chen Zhao, Duanhua Li, and Lu Wang. "Enhancing the thermostability of Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus strain Ms1 tyrosinase by multi-factors rational design and molecular dynamics simulations." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 20, 2023): e0288929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288929.

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This study presents a multi-factor rational design strategy combined with molecular dynamics simulation to improve the thermostability of Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus strain Ms1 tyrosinase. Candidate mutation sites were identified using Discovery Studio and FoldX software, and the double mutant G124W/G137W was obtained. The mutant was heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli strain Rosetta2 (DE3), and its thermostability was verified. Results indicate that the rational design method, combined with molecular dynamics simulation and protein energy calculation, improved the enzyme’s thermostability more accurately and effectively. The double mutant G124W/G137W had an optimum temperature of 60°C, about 5.0°C higher than that of the wild-type TYRwt, and its activity was 171.06% higher than the wild-type TYRwt. Its thermostability was enhanced, 42.78% higher than the wild-type at 50°C. These findings suggest that the rational design strategy applied in this study can facilitate the application of industrial enzymes in the pharmaceutical industry.
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29

Vasiliev, Anton, Serhii Kutsenko, Mykola А. Tkachuk, Andrey Grabovskiy, Oleg Shatalov, Iryna Voloshina, and Vadim Timofienko. "MODELING THE ACTION OF THE SHOCK-WAVE LOAD ON THE HULLS ELEMENTS OF VEHICLES." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: Engineering and CAD, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0775.2021.1.01.

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To study the effect of shock wave load on the body elements of vehicles, a setting has been developed that takes into account the mobile nature of this load. A specialized parametric finite-element model of the body layout has been created armored-carrier, taking into account the peculiarities of the studied process. The problem of determining the stress-strain state armored-hulls solved in static and dynamic formulation. The space-time distributions of components and characteristics of the stress-strain state of the investigated model armored-carrier of armored hulls are given. The results of research in the used formulations indicate the need to solve the problem in a complete dynamic formulation with account for plastic deformations. This establishes a new methodology for the rational choice of engineering solutions. Keywords: stress-strain state; armored carrier; armored hulls; shock wave; moving load; sample; rational constructive decision
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30

Darijani, H., R. Naghdabadi, and M. H. Kargarnovin. "Hyperelastic materials modelling using a strain measure consistent with the strain energy postulates." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 3 (October 26, 2009): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1590.

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In this article, a strain energy density function of the Saint Venant—Kirchhoff type is expressed in terms of a Lagrangian deformation measure. Applying the governing postulates to the form of the strain energy density, the mathematical expression of this measure is determined. It is observed that this measure, which is consistent with the strain energy postulates, is a strain type with the characteristic function more rational than that of the Seth—Hill strain measures for hyperelastic materials modelling. In addition, the material parameters are calculated using a novel procedure that is based on the correlation between the values of the strain energy density (rather than the stresses) cast from the test data and the theory. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed model of the strain energy density, some test data of pure homogeneous deformations are used. It is shown that there is a good agreement between the test data and predictions of the model for incompressible and compressible isotropic materials.
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31

Burgardt, Arthur, Ludovic Pelosi, Mahmoud Hajj Chehade, Volker F. Wendisch, and Fabien Pierrel. "Rational Engineering of Non-Ubiquinone Containing Corynebacterium glutamicum for Enhanced Coenzyme Q10 Production." Metabolites 12, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12050428.

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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid-soluble compound with important physiological functions and is sought after in the food and cosmetic industries owing to its antioxidant properties. In our previous proof of concept, we engineered for CoQ10 biosynthesis the industrially relevant Corynebacterium glutamicum, which does not naturally synthesize any CoQ. Here, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis identified two metabolic bottlenecks in the CoQ10 production, i.e., low conversion of the intermediate 10-prenylphenol (10P-Ph) to CoQ10 and the accumulation of isoprenologs with prenyl chain lengths of not only 10, but also 8 to 11 isopentenyl units. To overcome these limitations, the strain was engineered for expression of the Ubi complex accessory factors UbiJ and UbiK from Escherichia coli to increase flux towards CoQ10, and by replacement of the native polyprenyl diphosphate synthase IspB with a decaprenyl diphosphate synthase (DdsA) to select for prenyl chains with 10 isopentenyl units. The best strain UBI6-Rs showed a seven-fold increased CoQ10 content and eight-fold increased CoQ10 titer compared to the initial strain UBI4-Pd, while the abundance of CoQ8, CoQ9, and CoQ11 was significantly reduced. This study demonstrates the application of the recent insight into CoQ biosynthesis to improve metabolic engineering of a heterologous CoQ10 production strain.
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Zhang, Wu, Wei Guo, Fa Rong Kou, and Yi Zhi Yang. "Research on Pulley Strain of Metal Belt CVT." Advanced Materials Research 952 (May 2014): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.952.249.

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Pulley strain aggravated whole-Part abrasion, affected friction and lubricates state of metal belt continuously variable transmission. Pulley strain was analyzed by analytical method and finite element analysis. The results indicate that with the increase of transmission ratio, the driver pulley compressive strain is increases after reduces for a while, and the driven pulley increase. Compressive strain dense when radius is lesser and vice versa. Two methods results are basically the same, whereby demonstrating that the model is rational and that the analysis results are reliable.
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33

Head, A. K. "Explicit Galoisian solutions in anisotropic elasticity." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 2, no. 3 (September 1991): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792500000504.

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A practical method is given that can determine whether or not it is possible for all or part of a problem in crystal elasticity to be expressed in explicit rational or radical terms when the characteristic sextic polynomial is known to be unsolvable. It involves the determination of the group to which an elastic quantity (displacement, stress, strain, energy density) belongs under permutations of the roots of the sextic polynomial. If this is not the symmetric group then a rational or radical expression is impossible. It is applied to the three-dimensional problem of a point force (the Green's function) in a cubic crystal. It is proved that it is impossible that the Green's function could be given by any radical expression that is valid for all elastic constants and directions in the crystal, as the existence of such an expression would lead to the solution of a proven unsolvable polynomial. It follows that the rational expression given by Dikici (1986) for the Green's function is not just incorrect, but that it is impossible that there could be any such rational expression. The same impossibility is found to apply to the displacements, stresses and strains of a straight dislocation in a cubic crystal. The application to other elasticity problems is discussed.
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Hui-min, Yang, Wang Yan-ping, Yong Lin Liu, Bilal Haider Shamsi, He Bo, and Meng Xu-chun. "Analysis of distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens isolated from the paediatric population in Shenmu Hospital from 2011–2015." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 1 (August 8, 2017): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060517716343.

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Objective This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and changes in antibacterial susceptibility of children in Shenmu City, northern Shaanxi, and provide a basis for rational drug use. Methods The distribution and drug resistance pattern of pathogenic bacteria isolated from children were retrospectively analysed. Results A total of 573 strains of pathogens were cultivated. A total of 201 (35.07%) strains of Gram-positive cocci and 183 (31.93%) strains of Gram-negative cocci were detected. A total of 189 (32.98%) strains of fungi were detected. The resistance rate of Staphylococcus to penicillin was 100% and that to erythromycin was 90.69%. There were varying degrees of resistance to other drugs, but no single strain had vancomycin resistance. Gram-negative bacilli were generally resistant to ampicillin, but had low resistance to the combined preparation of enzyme inhibitors, quinolones, and aminoglycosides, and were highly sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogens of bacterial infection in the paediatric ward. Strengthening clinical monitoring of bacterial distribution in paediatric clinical isolates and understanding changes in drug resistance are important for guiding the rational use of antibiotics. These measures could also prevent emergence and spreading of resistant strains.
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Yuan, Jian, Liang Luo, Yuzhou Zheng, Suhui Yu, Jun Shi, Jianan Wang, and Jiyang Shen. "Analysis of The Working Performance of Large Curvature Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges." Materials 15, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 5414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155414.

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Based on numerical shape functions and the structural stressing state theory, the mechanical properties of the curved prestressed concrete box girder (CPCBG) bridge model under different loading cases are presented. First, the generalized strain energy density (GSED) obtained from the measured strain data is used to represent the stressing state pattern of the structure; then, the stressing state of the concrete section is analyzed by plotting the strain and stress fields of the bridge model. The stressing state pattern and strain fields of the CPCBG are shown to reveal its mechanical properties. In addition, the measured concrete strain data are interpolated by the non-sample point interpolation (NPI) method. The strain and stress fields of the bridge model have been plotted to analyze the stressing state of the concrete cross-section. The internal forces in the concrete sections are calculated by using interpolated strains. Finally, the torsional effects are simulated by measuring the displacements to show the torsional behavior of the cross-section. The analysis and comparison of the internal force and strain fields reveal the common and different mechanical properties of the bridge model. The results of the analysis of the curved bridge model provide a reference for the future rational design of bridge projects.
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36

Kodikara, J. K., F. Rahman, and S. L. Barbour. "Towards a more rational approach to chemical compatibility testing of clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-003.

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Chemical compatibility tests using hydraulic conductivity testing with chemical permeants are normally undertaken to assess the integrity of compacted clayey liners used for waste containment. This paper highlights the fact that current routine methods of flexible wall and rigid wall testing techniques fail to represent the zero lateral strain boundary condition that is required to realistically represent the field situation. The test results indicate that flexible wall permeameters underestimate the likely increases in hydraulic conductivity due to chemicals, while the rigid wall permeameters can severely overestimate these effects. A new test technique, which incorporates the zero lateral strain condition in a simple manner, is presented. This technique involves the use of a rigid wall concept in a flexible wall permeameter. A split rigid mould is used to encase the soil specimen that is glued to the internal surfaces of the mould, to apply the zero lateral strain boundary condition. The new technique is shown to be suitable for both chemical compatibility and desiccation testing. The tests were undertaken with varying concentrations of saline water, methanol, and landfill leachate. The test results indicate that the new technique produces results that fall between the results obtained from flexible wall and rigid wall permeameters. It is argued that the new test technique provides a more rational approach for chemical compatibility testing than the current rigid wall and flexible wall techniques.Key words: soil, hydraulic conductivity, chemical compatibility, landfill, permeameter, boundary condition.
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37

Kliuchnyk, S. V. "Operation Study of the Node of Stringer Staged Connection Point of the Railway Bridge Track-Way." Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, no. 1(91) (February 15, 2021): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2021/227222.

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Purpose. The staged connections of the stringers of railway bridge track-way have the simplest design, but some design flaws result in numerous defects. The purpose of this work is an investigation of the previously proposed methods of strengthening the support node for the stringers of the track-way of a staged communication, as well as investigation of the work of the reinforcement proposed by the author. Methodology. The author analyzes the condition of metal bridges operated on the railway. It was found that the decisive element in determining the load capacity of the entire bridge are the stringers of the track-way. To achieve this goal, the author analyzed the stress-strain state of the support node of the stringer on the cross-bar without and with reinforcement using the finite element method. The discovered rational parameters of the proposed reinforcement unit. The calculations were performed in Selena software. Findings. Stress-strain state of the connection point of the stringers with the floor beamsnode on condition of their staged position was obtained and analyzed. The author selected the rational parameters of the reinforcement elements of the stringer support node for the staged communication and analyzed stress-strain state of the new connection node of the stringers with the floor beams at their staged location based on typical spans of Proiektstalkonstruktsii LLC (PSK). The analysis shows that after the proposed reinforcement, the maximum stresses in the horizontal legs of the flange angles of the stringers and floor beams, which destroyed the structures, decreased by 43–73%. Originality. The work analyzes the stress-strain state of metal stringers of the track-way of the staged location taking into account the joint work of stringers with load-bearing trusses, as well as the stress-strain state of the proposed reinforcement of the support node of metal stringers with the identification of rational parameters. Practical value. This method of repair with reinforcement is recommended as the most rational for a bridge over the Inhulets river at 109 km of the Verkhivtseve – Dolynska Railway (contract No. 94/2011–TsTekh–177/2011–ETU dated 09/30/2011). Based on these results, a patent for utility model No. 109806 dated 09/12/2016 was issued.
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38

Yan, Li, Gulnur Yel, Ajay Kumar, Haci Mehmet Baskonus, and Wei Gao. "Newly Developed Analytical Scheme and Its Applications to the Some Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations with the Conformable Derivative." Fractal and Fractional 5, no. 4 (November 23, 2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract5040238.

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This paper presents a novel and general analytical approach: the rational sine-Gordon expansion method and its applications to the nonlinear Gardner and (3+1)-dimensional mKdV-ZK equations including a conformable operator. Some trigonometric, periodic, hyperbolic and rational function solutions are extracted. Physical meanings of these solutions are also presented. After choosing suitable values of the parameters in the results, some simulations are plotted. Strain conditions for valid solutions are also reported in detail.
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39

Freedman, Benjamin G., Parker W. Lee, and Ryan S. Senger. "Engineering the Metabolic Profile of Clostridium cellulolyticum with Genomic DNA Libraries." Fermentation 9, no. 7 (June 27, 2023): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070605.

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Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 (ATCC 35319) has the ability to ferment cellulosic substrates into ethanol and weak acids. The growth and alcohol production rates of the wild-type organism are low and, therefore, targets of metabolic engineering. A genomic DNA expression library was produced by a novel application of degenerate oligonucleotide primed PCR (DOP-PCR) and was serially enriched in C. cellulolyticum grown on cellobiose in effort to produce fast-growing and productive strains. The DNA library produced from DOP-PCR contained gene-sized DNA fragments from the C. cellulolyticum genome and from the metagenome of a stream bank soil sample. The resulting enrichment yielded a conserved phage structural protein fragment (part of Ccel_2823) from the C. cellulolyticum genome that, when overexpressed alone, enabled the organism to increase the ethanol yield by 250% compared to the plasmid control strain. The engineered strain showed a reduced production of lactate and a 250% increased yield of secreted pyruvate. Significant changes in growth rate were not seen in this engineered strain, and it is possible that the enriched protein fragment may be combined with the existing rational metabolic engineering strategies to yield further high-performing cellulolytic strains.
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40

Grigorjeva, Tatjana, and Ainars Paeglitis. "THE APPLICATION OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR STATIC BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS OF THE ASYMMETRICAL ONE-PYLON SUSPENSION BRIDGE BUILT-IN BENDING CABLES OF DIFFERENT RIGIDITY." Engineering Structures and Technologies 10, no. 2 (November 13, 2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/est.2018.6481.

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The article presents the results of the numerical analysis of the asymmetrical one-pylon suspension bridge built-in rigid cables. The models for the suspension bridge with the cables of different rigidity are analyzed by comparing vertical displacements, bending moments and strains in the structural members of the bridge. The numerical analysis was performed by examining the bridge under symmetrical and asymmetrical loading and different erection methods. The stress-strain state of a single asymmetrical pylon with the cables of different rigidity and the rational relationship between cable rigidity and girder stiffness has been established.
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41

Sagirov, Yurii, Viktor Artiukh, Vladlen Mazur, and Maxim Aleksandrovskiy. "Scientific and methodological bases of rational design of hoisting-and-transport machines metal structures." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016403005.

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Purpose of this paper is to improve parameters of metal structures elements of hoisting-and-transport machines (HTMs) by means of systematic approach to study changes of their stress-strain state during design or usage stage. Subject of the study is pattern of changes in distribution and values of stresses in elements of metal structures of HTMs depending on the structural and parametric characteristics. Design methodology of metal structures of HTMs on the basis of a portal crane is proposed, it is based on strength calculations using methods of allowable stresses and FEM, 3D computer simulation, system analysis of the stress-strain state and structural-parametric synthesis. Results of modeling of loading state and calculations of the portal crane metal structures on strength by FEM in CAD/CAE system, analysis of their stress-strain state, structural-parametric synthesis are presented. Recommendations on practical application of the results are given. Possible ways of further development of proposed solutions are identified.
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Zhang, Xiaomei, Zhenhang Sun, Jinyu Bian, Yujie Gao, Dong Zhang, Guoqiang Xu, Xiaojuan Zhang, Hui Li, Jinsong Shi, and Zhenghong Xu. "Rational Metabolic Engineering Combined with Biosensor-Mediated Adaptive Laboratory Evolution for l-Cysteine Overproduction from Glycerol in Escherichia coli." Fermentation 8, no. 7 (June 25, 2022): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8070299.

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l-Cysteine is an important sulfur-containing amino acid with numerous applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The microbial production of l-cysteine has received substantial attention, and the supply of the precursor l-serine is important in l-cysteine biosynthesis. In this study, to achieve l-cysteine overproduction, we first increased l-serine production by deleting genes involved in the pathway of l-serine degradation to glycine (serine hydroxymethyl transferase, SHMT, encoded by glyA genes) in strain 4W (with l-serine titer of 1.1 g/L), thus resulting in strain 4WG with l-serine titer of 2.01 g/L. Second, the serine-biosensor based on the transcriptional regulator NCgl0581 of C. glutamicum was constructed in E. coli, and the validity and sensitivity of the biosensor were demonstrated in E. coli. Then 4WG was further evolved through adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) combined with serine-biosensor, thus yielding the strain 4WGX with 4.13 g/L l-serine production. Moreover, the whole genome of the evolved strain 4WGX was sequenced, and ten non-synonymous mutations were found in the genome of strain 4WGX compared with strain 4W. Finally, 4WGX was used as the starting strain, and deletion of the l-cysteine desulfhydrases (encoded by tnaA), overexpression of serine acetyltransferase (encoded by cysE) and the key enzyme of transport pathway (encoded by ydeD) were performed in strain 4WGX. The recombinant strain 4WGX-∆tnaA-cysE-ydeD can produce 313.4 mg/L of l-cysteine using glycerol as the carbon source. This work provides an efficient method for the biosynthesis of value-added commodity products associated with glycerol conversion.
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43

Doolotkeldieva, T. D., and S. T. Bobusheva. "Screening of Wild-Type Fungal Isolates for Cellulolytic Activity." Microbiology Insights 4 (January 2011): MBI.S6418. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/mbi.s6418.

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Background In this study, wild-type fungal isolates, producing highly effective cellulolytic enzymes were selected for bioconversion of residues and waste from agriculture and rational utilization of energy resources for food production. Methods We screened wild-type fungal isolates of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Trichoderma with an enhanced ability to produce extracellular cellulase. We carried out solid-state fermentation on a medium of agricultural waste products, including wheat bran, beet peels, and cotton oil cake, as well as additional sources of nitrogen and mineral elements. Enzyme production by the fungal isolates was detected within 14 days of cultivation. Results Of 17 strains of Trichoderma, Aspergillus, and Penicillium tested, we identified Penicillium strain K-2-25 and Trichoderma lignorium strain T-22 to have high cellulolytic activity. K-2-25 demonstrated the highest activity after 48 hours of cultivation. T-22 also showed significant cellulolytic activity. Penicillium strain K-2-25 showed cellulolytic activity for 98–270 hours during cultivation, and the amount of reduced glucose was 945 mg. T. lignorium T-22 was the second most active strain, with glucose reduction of 835 mg. Conclusion The strains K-2-25 and T-22 will are be recommended for biotechnological applications, especially for bioconversion of poor hardly decomposable vegetable waste products, such as like straw, into useful biomass.
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44

Ahmad, Shuaib H., and Hisham Abdel-Fattah. "A rational model for the stress-strain relationship of circular hoop-confined concrete." Magazine of Concrete Research 43, no. 154 (March 1991): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.1991.43.154.23.

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45

Zhang, Jing, Zilong He, JinTian Xu, Shuting Song, Qianhui Zhu, Guoguo Wu, Ying Guan, et al. "Semi-rational mutagenesis of an industrial Streptomyces fungicidicus strain for improved enduracidin productivity." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 104, no. 8 (February 24, 2020): 3459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10488-0.

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46

Jin, Zhi Hua, Jiang Ping Lin, Zhi Nan Xu, and Pei Lin Cen. "Improvement of industry-applied rifamycin B-producing strain, Amycolatopsis mediterranei, by rational screening." Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 48, no. 6 (2002): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2323/jgam.48.329.

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47

Celler, Katherine, Cristian Picioreanu, Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht, and Gilles P. van Wezel. "Structured morphological modeling as a framework for rational strain design of Streptomyces species." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 102, no. 3 (June 21, 2012): 409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-012-9760-9.

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48

Jung, Hye-Won, Kyeongmin Kim, M. Maidul Islam, Je Chul Lee, and Minsang Shin. "Role of ppGpp-regulated efflux genes in Acinetobacter baumannii." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 5 (February 12, 2020): 1130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa014.

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Abstract Objectives Treatment of infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial strains has become increasingly problematic owing to their resistance to antibiotics. ppGpp is a secondary messenger involved in growth control and various stress responses in bacteria. The mechanism for inhibition of antibiotic resistance via ppGpp is still unidentified in various pathogenic bacteria including A. baumannii. Here, we investigated the effects of ppGpp on efflux pump (EP)-related genes in A. baumannii. Methods ppGpp-deficient and -complementary strains were constructed by conjugation and we confirmed (p)ppGpp measurements by thin-layer chromatography. We observed that the ppGpp-deficient strain (ΔA1S_0579) showed abnormal stretching patterns by transmission electron microscopy analysis. The MICs of antimicrobial agents for the WT A. baumannii (ATCC 17978), ppGpp-deficient and complementary strains were determined by the Etest and broth dilution assay methods. The expression levels of EP-related genes were determined by quantitative RT–PCR. Results We observed morphological differences between a ppGpp-deficient strain (ΔA1S_0579) and the WT strain. Dramatic reductions of MICs in the ppGpp-deficient strain compared with the WT were observed for gentamicin (2.6-fold), tetracycline (3.9-fold), erythromycin (4-fold) and trimethoprim (&gt;4-fold). Expression of the EP-related genes abeB (2.8-fold), tet(A) (2.3-fold), adeB (10.0-fold), adeI (9.9-fold), adeJ (11.8-fold) and adeK (14.4-fold) was also decreased in the ppGpp-deficient strain. Conclusions This study demonstrates that ppGpp regulates EP-related gene expression in A. baumannii, affecting antibiotic susceptibility. To date, treatment for MDR A. baumannii has had no new antimicrobial agents, so the A1S_0579 gene could be a novel therapeutic target for rational drug design by affecting ppGpp production.
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Yu, Ying Xia, Yu Feng Jiao, Bin Liang, and Wei Zhang. "Experimental Research on the Mechanical Properties of Compacted Cement Soil in Collapsible Loess Area and Engineering Application." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.421.

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Based on the compaction test and unconfined compression test of cement soil, the optimum water content is ascertained. The relationship is studied about cement content, curing time and unconfined compression strengths, ultimate strain of compacted cement soil in this paper. The results indicate that the unconfined compression strengths increase in linear with the increase of curing time and cement content on the whole, and the ultimate strains decrease with the increase of cement content and curing time. The results provide theoretical basis for rational construction mixture ratio and parameter which have been successfully used to a project and achieved good economic benefit.
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50

Pérez-García, Fernando, Arthur Burgardt, Dina R. Kallman, Volker F. Wendisch, and Nadav Bar. "Dynamic Co-Cultivation Process of Corynebacterium glutamicum Strains for the Fermentative Production of Riboflavin." Fermentation 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7010011.

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Residual streams from lignocellulosic processes contain sugar mixtures of glucose, xylose, and mannose. Here, the industrial workhorse Corynebacterium glutamicum was explored as a research platform for the rational utilization of a multiple sugar substrate. The endogenous manA gene was overexpressed to enhance mannose utilization. The overexpression of the xylA gene from Xanthomonas campestris in combination with the endogenous xylB gene enabled xylose consumption by C. glutamicum. Furthermore, riboflavin production was triggered by overexpressing the sigH gene from C. glutamicum. The resulting strains were studied during batch fermentations in flasks and 2 L lab-scale bioreactors separately using glucose, mannose, xylose, and a mixture of these three sugars as a carbon source. The production of riboflavin and consumption of sugars were improved during fed-batch fermentation thanks to a dynamic inoculation strategy of manA overexpressing strain and xylAB overexpressing strain. The final riboflavin titer, yield, and volumetric productivity from the sugar mixture were 27 mg L−1, 0.52 mg g−1, and 0.25 mg L−1 h−1, respectively. It reached a 56% higher volumetric productivity with 45% less by-product formation compared with an equivalent process inoculated with a single strain overexpressing the genes xylAB and manA combined. The results indicate the advantages of dynamic multi strains processes for the conversion of sugar mixtures.
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