Journal articles on the topic 'Rational motivation'
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KROON, FREDERICK. "Imaginative Motivation." Utilitas 21, no. 2 (June 2009): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095382080900346x.
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This article argues for a certain picture of the rational formation of conditional intentions, in particular deterrent intentions, that stands in sharp contrast to accounts on which rational agents are often not able to form such intentions because of what these enjoin should their conditions be realized. By considering the case of worthwhile but hard-to-form ‘non-apocalyptic’ deterrent intentions (the threat to leave a cheating partner, say), the article argues that rational agents may be able to form such intentions by first simulating psychological states in which they have successfully formed them and then bootstrapping themselves into actually forming them. The article also discusses certain limits imposed by this model. In particular, given the special nature of ‘apocalyptic’ deterrent intentions (e.g. the ones supposedly involved in nuclear deterrence), there is good reason to think that these must remain inaccessible to fully rational and moral agents.
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Scheuer, Steen. "Rational Choice og socialt-normative aktørmotiver i arbejdslivet - en kritisk revision af den klassiske visdom." Dansk Sociologi 10, no. 1 (August 25, 2006): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v10i1.671.
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Rational choice and social normative actor motives at work: a critical revision of received wisdom
This article challenges the received wisdom’ of human relations theory from Mayo to present day organization theory, and that of sociological theory in general that has regarded workers’ social motivations and social norms as being opposed to rational choice types of motivation. Through a critical re-reading of classical studies in indus-trial sociology (including the Hawthorne experiments by Roethlisberger and Dickson, the Luton studies by Gold-thorpe, Lockwood and colleagues and Burawoy’s Manu-facturing Consent), it is shown that workers on the floor shop in these studies had mixed motivations, that is, they applied social-normative motivations for only some of their actions. These social normative motivations diverged at times from rational choice motivation, but at other times converged with the workers’ rational choice motives.
The critical review of the literature shows that not only do workers have both types of motivation, but that they actively and reflectively choose between them in concrete situations, and that these choices are often based on a reasonable level of information. Modern organization theo-ry then throws the baby out with the bath water in its critique of rational choice actor motives. Rational choice and social normative motives supplement each other in understanding workers’ behaviour.
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., Hardiwinoto. "PERILAKU RASIONAL PARA MANAJER DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBIAYAAN MELALUI BANK SYARIAH." MAKSIMUM 1, no. 2 (March 12, 2012): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.1.2.2011.88-96.
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Abstract This study aims to explore the underlying motivations of managers in corporate financing. The method Used is to explore the literature, the predecessor of research and related theories. The results showed that the motivation underlying the financing decision is rational behavior of the managers. Keyword : motivations of managers, financing decision making, and Rational behavior of the managers.
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Haji, Ishtiyaque. "Kurt Baier on Reason and Morality." Dialogue 36, no. 4 (1997): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300017686.
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The Rational and the Moral Order, a work of sweeping scope and depth, opens with three problems: the Rationality Problem, briefly, is that the following set is inconsistent, although each of its elements seems true: our conduct cannot be rationally justified unless it promotes our own good; moral conduct is rationally justified; but morality often requires that we do things that do not promote our own good. The Motivation Problem distills to this: can something be a reason for someone to do something without its actually motivating him to do so (the so-called “externalist” position), or is being a motivator a necessary condition of being a reason for that person (the “internalist position”)? Finally, the Sanction Problem notes that, although it seems plausible and generally accepted that immorality should be sanctioned, it seems neither plausible, nor is it generally accepted, that irrationality should be. Why this asymmetry? I restrict my attention, in what follows, to aspects of Baier's fascinating discussion on the Rationality Problem and the Motivation Problem.
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Neumann, Oliver, and Adrian Ritz. "Public service motivation and rational choice modelling." Public Money & Management 35, no. 5 (July 3, 2015): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2015.1061179.
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Filyasova, Yu A. "Perfectionism and rational-emotive behaviour as a motivational policy for human resource management." UPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia) 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2022-10-1-16-27.
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The article considers the concept of a perfectionist motivational policy, which promotes achieving a high level of intrinsic employee motivation that ensures accomplishment of the organisational duties maximum amount; meanwhile, additional compensation produces a motivation displacement effect. Theoretically, perfectionism, as the organisation corporate culture value, contributes to a significant resources saving for the personnel maintenance and development. Employees who find themselves in a corporate perfectionist culture have the advantage of achieving a high autonomy level due to developing integrative abilities for regulating social actions. Perfectionist motivational policy is more typical for the company`s growth cyclical stage and more beneficial for young people who have high goals regarding their professional development. Rational-emotive employees behaviour is a perfectionism operational correlate oriented towards catastrophic attitudes which stimulate continuous activity, maximum involvement in the organisation activities and the achievement of not only operational but also long-term company goals. Perfectionist motivational policy requires an independent employee performance appraisal, which limits the individuals’ personal influence on the organisation’s human resources policy. Inconsistency in implementation of the motivation structural elements not only hinders the motivation internalisation, but also provokes a rise in distrust of power structures in general due to the personnel management low culture in the organisation.
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Bazaluk, Oleg Aleksandrovich. "Εἰκὼςλόγος, or A rational motivation in Plato's philosophy." Voprosy kul'turologii (Issues of Cultural Studies), no. 4 (March 18, 2021): 308 (376)—319 (385). http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-01-2104-02.
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Plato opposed εἰκὼςμῦθος and εἰκὼςλόγος, thereby asserting the logos as the highest type of account, which revealed the strict rationality and intelligibility of the cosmos. Plato used the logos to affirm a new way of life in accordance with the intelligibility of the kalos cosmos and its copies (εἰκών) created by Theos. For Plato, therefore, dialogue as an exercise was more important than the results obtained, and for Aristotle, the discussion of problems had more educational value than their solution. Plato and Aristotle perceived the logos in the meanings of dialogue as the art of living by the highest account. They considered the logos as an opportunity to make a transition, or rather, self-transformation to the highest order, into which the idea of agathos was opened. The author argues the thesis put forward referring to the original texts of Plato. English version of the article on pp. 376-385 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/eikslogos-or-a-rational-motivation-in-platos-philosophy/66016.html
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Blackman, Reid. "Reasons for emotion and moral motivation." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 49, no. 6 (2019): 805–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2018.1435611.
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AbstractInternalism about normative reasons is the view that an agent’s normative reasons depend on her motivational constitution. On the assumption that there are reasons for emotion I argue that (a) externalism about reasons for emotion entails that all rational agents have reasons to be morally motivated and (b) internalism about reasons for emotion is implausible. If the arguments are sound we can conclude that all rational agents have reasons to be morally motivated. Resisting this conclusion requires either justifying internalism about reasons for emotion in a way hitherto unarticulated or giving up on reasons for emotion altogether.
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Döring, Sabine A. "Seeing What to Do: Affective Perception and Rational Motivation." dialectica 61, no. 3 (September 2007): 363–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.2007.01105.x.
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Barry, Melissa. "Realism, Rational Action, and the Humean Theory of Motivation." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 10, no. 3 (June 5, 2007): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-007-9074-6.
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Wong, David. "Beyond Control and Rationality: Dewey, Aesthetics, Motivation, and Educative Experiences." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 109, no. 1 (January 2007): 192–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810710900101.
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Contemporary perspectives in psychology and education characterize ideal students as rational and in control of their thinking and actions. The good student is often described as intentional, cognitive, metacognitive, critical, and reflective. I begin with a brief history of control and rationality to establish how “The Tradition” is deeply rooted in philosophy, religion, and, in general, the story of Western civilization. Although these qualities are indeed important, I suggest that powerful educative experiences can neither be fully explained nor evoked if learners exercise only logical reasoning and self-control. I call on the aesthetic philosophy of Dewey and others to propose that transformative, compelling experiences require not only the rational, intentional processes of acting on the world, but also the non-rational, receptive process of undergoing. Dewey's aesthetic experience, as described in “Art as Experience,” integrates both the rational and non-rational, and self-control and its opposite. In the implications section, I propose that anticipation—the imaginative sensing of possibility—as an important new motivation construct because it captures the aesthetic qualities of engaging educative experiences. I also discuss conditions that could support these kinds of experiences in the classroom. I conclude with a few provocative ideas: a new view of autonomy, the essential role of faith in education, value without work, suffering is passion, and responsibility redefined.
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., Saifuddin, Wardani ., and Dzikri Nirwana. "TAREKAT DAN INTELEKTUALITAS: Studi Keterlibatan Kalangan Intelektual dalam Tarekat Tijaniyah di Kota Banjarmasin." Al-Banjari : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 15, no. 1 (May 15, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/al-banjari.v15i1.815.
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The development of tariqat in Indonesia is historically and sociologically related to the climate and culture of the people who in the past was formed by rural culture. However, in recent developments, in South Kalimantan for example, the assumption is very different. Although, this tariqat is usually described as traditional, backward, and associated with the countryside, it is not entirely true. With its tradisional nature, the tariqat become attractions for scholars. Those with rational thingkings entering this world with diverse motivations. There are two complementary sides. On the one hand, rational intellectuals/scholars enter into the tariqat and give a new baseline. On the other hand, the members of the tariqat also renew themselves. Motivations that drive the interest to this tariqat are doctrinal, rational, moral, and psychological. This motivation does not stand alone; it is intertwined and supports each other, in the internalization of the tariqat into the consciousness of the individual.
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Darwall, Stephen L. "Reply to Terzis." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 18, no. 1 (March 1988): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1988.10717169.
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George Terzis makes several objections to claims and arguments I advanced in Impartial Reason. I cannot take them all up, but I would like to respond to some, which I shall group into three: (a) whether reasons depend on norms applying to all rational agents; (b) how the unity of agency relates to such norms; and (c) the self-support condition. Since the objections concerning (a) cut most deeply against the central thesis of Impartial Reason, I shall begin with them. Before I do that, however, I should make some preliminary remarks.Impartial Reason offers an internalist theory of reasons, but one that is, I believe, more sensitive to the normative character of reasons than internalist theories usually are.1 A theory of reasons is internalist if it holds that something's being a reason depends somehow on its capacity to affect motivation. Unlike internalist theories that identify reasons with de facto motives, however, IR insists on the normative character of reasons as tending to justify conduct as rational. It does this by holding that a reason to act is something which motivates when appropriately (or rationally) considered. The normative or justificatory weight of reasons, then, is held to derive from a normative ideal of rational consideration. Reasons inherit as justificatory weight the motivational force they would come to have in an ideally rational process of practical reflection.
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Wedgwood, Ralph. "Diotima's Eudaemonism: Intrinsic Value and Rational Motivation in Plato's Symposium." Phronesis 54, no. 4-5 (2009): 297–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/003188609x12486562883093.
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AbstractThis paper gives a new interpretation of the central section of Plato's Symposium (199d-212a). According to this interpretation, the term "καλóν", as used by Plato here, stands for what many contemporary philosophers call "intrinsic value"; and "love" (ερωζ) is in effect rational motivation, which for Plato consists in the desire to "possess" intrinsically valuable things – that is, according to Plato, to be happy – for as long as possible. An explanation is given of why Plato believes that "possessing" intrinsically valuable things, at least for mortals like us, consists in actively creating instantiations of the intrinsic values, both in oneself and in the external world, and in knowing and loving these intrinsic values and their instantiations. Finally, it is argued that this interpretation reveals that Plato's "eudaemonism" is a different and more defensible doctrine than many commentators believe.
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Nagin, Daniel S., James B. Rebitzer, Seth Sanders, and Lowell J. Taylor. "Monitoring, Motivation, and Management: The Determinants of Opportunistic Behavior in a Field Experiment." American Economic Review 92, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 850–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/00028280260344498.
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Economic models of incentives in employment relationships are based on a specific theory of motivation: employees are “rational cheaters,” who anticipate the consequences of their actions and shirk when the marginal benefits exceed costs. We investigate the “rational cheater model” by observing how experimentally induced variation in monitoring of telephone call center employees influences opportunism. A significant fraction of employees behave as the “rational cheater model” predicts. A substantial proportion of employees, however, do not respond to manipulations in the monitoring rate. This heterogeneity is related to variation in employee assessments of their general treatment by the employer.
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Watson, P. J., Ronald J. Morris, and Ralph W. Hood. "Sin and Self-Functioning, Part 3: The Psychology and Ideology of Irrational Beliefs." Journal of Psychology and Theology 16, no. 4 (December 1988): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164718801600406.
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Irrational beliefs identified by Rational-Emotive theory (Ellis, 1962) as pathogenic were related to religious motivations and to orthodox beliefs having to do with sin. An extrinsic religious motivation and beliefs referring to the guilt of others appeared to predict problematic self-functioning. On the other hand, intrinsicness and beliefs about grace displayed complex linkages with irrational thinking and were also associated with less depression. A direct analysis of how subjects evaluated specific beliefs relative to their religious commitments suggested that positive correlations of intrinsicness and of grace with at least some irrational beliefs may not be indicative of true “irrationality.” Instead, religious individuals may be reasoning from a world view that is ideologically incompatible with Rational-Emotive theory.
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Syahrul, Muhammad, and Martini Martini. "PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN KONSELING RASIONAL EMOTIF TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI MA DDI KAB. PANGKEP." KOMUNIDA : MEDIA KOMUNIKASI DAN DAKWAH 8, no. 1 (November 24, 2018): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/komunida.v8i1.600.
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The purpose of this research is to recognize the difference of students' learning motivation in taking mathematics lesson before and after the application of Emotive Rational Counseling. This research includes quantitative research. Sample of the research was 30 students. It was selected by purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by questionnaire. It was then analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and t-test. The result of this research obtained an experimental subject before taking Emotive Rational counseling of which average value was equal to 61,03. It indicates that the level of student's motivation to participate in math lesson is in low category. After the treatment of Emotive Rational counseling, it obtained an average result of 82.86. It denotes that the students' motivation level is in high category. From the t-test it obtained the value of tcount of 14.620, while the ttable value at the level of significance is 5 percent with dk = 29 of 2.045. It states that the research hypothesis was accepted.
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Asseburg, Julia, Fabian Homberg, and Rick Vogel. "Recruitment messaging, environmental fit and public service motivation." International Journal of Public Sector Management 31, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 689–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-08-2017-0217.
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Purpose Public organisations face increasing challenges to attract young and highly qualified staff. Previous studies have shown that public service motivation (PSM) is associated with a higher propensity to apply for public sector jobs, but the implications from these findings for the design of the recruitment process are still unclear. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how differently framed recruitment messages (i.e. inspirational and rational) affect perceptions of person-job (PJ) and person-organisation (PO) fit, how these associations are moderated by PSM and how they translate into application intentions. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a survey experiment and tested the hypotheses in a sample of 600 students in Germany. The experimental stimuli were hypothetical job advertisements in which inspirational and rational messages on organisational missions and job tasks were varied. Findings Results show that recruitment messaging, as mediated by perceived PJ and PO fit, can increase application intentions depending on the framing of the messages. Inspirational framings are more effective in attracting personnel than rational framings, especially when such messages convey specific and extensive information about job tasks. The extent to which recruitment messages translate into perceptions of fit depends, in part, on the level of the applicant’s PSM. Originality/value By focusing on recruitment messages and their framings, this study is among the few that explore how human resource management can capitalise on previous findings of research on PSM. The findings have implications for the selection and presentation of information on organisational missions and job tasks in the recruitment process. In a more theoretical vein, results contribute to the emerging consensus on the role of perceived PJ and PO fit in the attraction to public sector jobs. The authors deepen this reasoning by introducing self-discrepancy theory to the field of public management.
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Fitriana, Sheila, and Nana Mardiana. "Profile of rational thinking ability skills and student learning motivation in physics learning." E3S Web of Conferences 339 (2022): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233906006.
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Based on observations in the field, the learning process of Physics is still teacher-centered and does not provide opportunities for students to build their own knowledge through rational thinking skills. The research aims to describe the profile of rational thinking skills and student motivation. The research method used descriptive research with a single case design for the 32 students of SMPS AL WASHLIYAH 8, who are studying temperature and heat. The technique sampling used accidental sampling or convenience sampling. The results showed that students’ rational thinking skills were still low, aspects of students’ remembering, classifying and evaluating skills were at the highest achievement with percentages of 94%, 95%, and 95% respectively, aspects of generalizing skills were in the medium category with a percentage of 70 %, while the aspect of comparing and analyzing skills is in the very low category with percentages of 30% and 48%, respectively. The student’s learning motivation profile includes the variables of persevering in facing tasks, being tenacious in facing difficulties, showing interest, and independent learning showing results in the medium category. Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth experimental study to see the success in improving the rational thinking skills of junior high school students in learning physics.
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Diamond, Gregory Andrade. "Field Theory and Rational Choice: A Lewinian Approach to Modeling Motivation." Journal of Social Issues 48, no. 2 (July 1992): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb00885.x.
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Mann, Ruslan, Daniil Hulak, Oxana Yakusheva, Olexandr Yakushev, and Nataliia Felipenko. "BUSINESS ECONOMICS: DISADVANTAGES OF COUNTRY INFLUENCE TOWARDS STAFF MOTIVATION." Proceedings of Scientific Works of Cherkasy State Technological University Series Economic Sciences, no. 62 (September 27, 2021): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24025/2306-4420.62.2021.241891.
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Annotation. The priorities of business development of business enterprises through incentives and motivation are substantiated. It is established that the motivational mechanisms of any enterprise should be built with the participation of state and regional government and take into account the interests of employees. The connection between staff motivation and financial incentives is determined. The imbalance of remuneration of personnel of different professional categories on the example of energy workers is theoretically and practically substantiated. The system of remuneration of workers in the energy sector has been studied. It is substantiated that with a constant subsistence level for able-bodied persons and an increase in the minimum wage, there will be a further leveling of the prestige of professions and a disparity in wages. The legal framework for the system of remuneration and motivation of staff is analyzed and it is established that the business economy of the enterprise should be based on the principles of effective system of interaction between the state and the region, strengthening ties between other business structures and developing a rational incentive mechanism. The research conducted in this article makes it possible to form a vision of the irrational system of motivation of employees of different categories and the need for state regulation of a holistic set of tasks and goals for the effective functioning of business. The business economy of the enterprise should be based on the principles of effective interaction between the state and the region, strengthening ties between other business structures, as well as developing a rational motivational mechanism, which is supported by constituent documents at the government level and takes into account the interests of employees and owners. Such a system will help to solve the main problems in personnel management at the enterprise and with the correct interaction of motives and incentives will be interdependent elements of the overall development of business, region and state
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BASU, JACQUELINE. "Cooperative Capacities of the Rational: Revising Rawls’s Account of Prudential Reasoning." American Political Science Review 115, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 967–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055421000101.
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John Rawls characterizes political rationality as narrowly self-regarding and therefore incapable of motivating political other-regard, self-moderation, or cooperative behavior. He ascribes these cooperative properties solely to reasonable, or principled, reasoning. This article evaluates Rawls’s account of rationality by investigating his characterization of the democratic modus vivendi, which builds upon this account: Rawls asserts that the democratic modus vivendi is inherently unstable because it lacks the cooperative properties of the reasonable. These critiques entail positive claims about rational democratic equilibrium that are contradicted by formal accounts of self-enforcing democracy. The article demonstrates that the democratic modus vivendi can achieve robust stability because the rational can express the cooperative properties that Rawls reserves to the reasonable. By working within Rawls’s seminal account of political reasoning to revise the properties he ascribes to rationality, this article offers a novel motivation for theoretical engagement with the rational and its role in political cooperation.
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Bergmark, Anders. "Addiction and Temporality. A Discussion on Rationality, Control and Motivation." Nordisk Alkoholtisdkrift (Nordic Alcohol Studies) 13, no. 2 (April 1996): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259601300209.
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The well-known disagreement between the supporters of the disease concept and the defenders of a behaviouristic perspective on alcohol problems can, to some extent, be a product of the disregard of a dimension of time. This tendency to neglect the time aspect – which can be considered as the most prevalent attitude within the realms of traditional addiction research – has recently got a corrective in the theories based on the notion of rational actors and preferences with a variation over time. In this article some of the more prominent theories within the latter tradition are presented and discussed. Concretely, this means that the basic features of Becker and Murphy's (1988) model of rational addiction is compared with Ainslie's (1992) ideas concerning the intertemporal explanations for motivational conflicts. Furthermore, Elster and Loewenstein's analysis of the individual's capacity to derive utility from memory and anticipation is related to some more practical and treatment-oriented questions.
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N. Scherbakov, V., A. V. Dubrovsky, I. V. Makarova, A. I. Zotova, and E. E. Nakhratova. "Labor Motivation and its Endogenous Level." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24600.
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The article reveals key problems of motivational mechanisms that ensure economic growth, considering factor influences, including the endogenous level of a person. Efficiency of production and economic activity is considered from the viewpoint of revealing of the internal nature of person’s motivational interests. The article reveals general framework of labor motivation as a science of effective management of structurally connected technical and technological as well as organizational and economic structures, where the necessity for self-regulation of labor activity to build dynamic multilevel relations is justified. The endogenous level of motivational interests is considered through the prism of the integrity of personal development, where the supreme goal is not only political and economic interests, but also moral ones. Justifying the fundamental approaches to the labor management in terms of efficiency (optimality), very important is taking into account the potential opportunities, since from the perspective of optimal use of labor resources, development of economic potential is the determinative element in the achievement of the performance measure (economic value and benefit). The development of value orientations and performance indicators is exactly the way that allows reflecting the limitations of existing methodological approaches to the mobilization of labor resources in the mechanism of economic management. Considering a new approach to labor motivation from the perspective of organizational and economic science, the main mechanism, as a rule, is the principle of the maximum viability of a one or another labor process regulation system. An alternative to this approach can be only the socio-economic system that meets the principles of optimal construction of economic interests and evaluation of each element in the overall results of production activities. Bringing such an optimum control action is almost impossible without the regulatory role of the state, because the socio-psychological motives of behavior are the driving force of decisions made, and therefore cannot reveal the effectiveness of labor potential and its motivational component, which would contribute to the confirmation of the principles of rational labor construction. The basic principle of labor motivation from the standpoint of optimization should be the labor theory of value and utility as the basis of value and labor economic motivations, revealing the economic nature of costs and the function of economic value and utility at the endogenous level of social and labor relations.
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Lačný, Martin. "Values as Motivation Factors of Economic Behaviour." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 2, no. 4 (December 28, 2013): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v2i4.53.
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The article presents a reflection on the structure of values functioning as motivators of economic behaviour. Considering the principle of rational egoism the author describes three segments of crucial values, which seem to be fundamental, as a matter of the contemporary Euro-American economic value system – freedom and justice; responsibility and confidence; progress, prosperity and rationality. An important methodological basis of presented reflection is the Ethics of social consequences – dynamically developing consequentialist ethical theory, responding to the challenges arising in the field of applied ethics in the framework of efforts to solve practical problems of today's world.
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Raymond, Jane E., and Jennifer L. O'Brien. "Selective Visual Attention and Motivation." Psychological Science 20, no. 8 (August 2009): 981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02391.x.
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Learning to associate the probability and value of behavioral outcomes with specific stimuli (value learning) is essential for rational decision making. However, in demanding cognitive conditions, access to learned values might be constrained by limited attentional capacity. We measured recognition of briefly presented faces seen previously in a value-learning task involving monetary wins and losses; the recognition task was performed both with and without constraints on available attention. Regardless of available attention, recognition was substantially enhanced for motivationally salient stimuli (i.e., stimuli highly predictive of outcomes), compared with equally familiar stimuli that had weak or no motivational salience, and this effect was found regardless of valence (win or loss). However, when attention was constrained (because stimuli were presented during an attentional blink, AB), valence determined recognition; win-associated faces showed no AB, but all other faces showed large ABs. Motivational salience acts independently of attention to modulate simple perceptual decisions, but when attention is limited, visual processing is biased in favor of reward-associated stimuli.
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Abane, Juliana Abagsonema, and Boon-Anan Phinaitrup. "Performance Management Practices and Motivation in Developing Countries: A Further Validation of the Public Service Motivation Construct in Ghana." Management & Economics Research Journal 4, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 54–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48100/merj.2022.174.
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The purpose of this study is to test if the local government’s performance management practices are predicted by their employee’s public service motivation levels. Local governments’ performance management practices are effective when their employees are committed and motivated. Employees whose motivations are unique to public institutions will be committed to both their key performance indicators and the general strategic goals of local governments’ core mission, and the lack of it may be detrimental to the local level management practice. The study used a cross-sectional survey of 850 local government employees in the Greater Accra of Ghana. The method of analysis of the data was multiple regression techniques. The findings suggest that employees’ scores on attraction to policymaking, civic duty, and commitment to the public interest are strongly positively associated with performance management practices. The regression analysis demonstrated that public service motivation subscales combined to predict the variance in the dependent variable. Several studies of performance management research examine utilization and the rational decision-making process in federal governments; however, this study is one of the few to examine performance management practices of local governments and public service motivation theory by showing that employees' public service motivation levels can significantly predict the changes in performance management practices.
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Chen, Xiao, Su Mi Dahlgaard-Park, and Decheng Wen. "Emotional and rational customer engagement: exploring the development route and the motivation." Total Quality Management & Business Excellence 30, sup1 (September 12, 2019): S141—S157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2019.1665834.
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BUCKAREFF, ANDREI A., and ALLEN PLUG. "Escaping hell: divine motivation and the problem of hell." Religious Studies 41, no. 1 (February 18, 2005): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412504007437.
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We argue that it is most rational for God, given God's character and policies, to adopt an open-door policy towards those in hell – making it possible for those in hell to escape. We argue that such a policy towards the residents of hell should issue from God's character and motivational states. In particular, God's parental love ought to motivate God to extend the provision for reconciliation with Him for an infinite amount of time.
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Burton, M. G. "The Potential for Astronomy in Antarctica." Highlights of Astronomy 13 (2005): 927–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600017640.
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Tsyhanenko, O., Ya Pershehuba, L. Bohdanovich, N. Sklyrova, and L. Oksmytna. "Methodological approaches to the organization of rational, healthy and healthy nutrition of athletes engaged in e-sports." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 4(149) (April 20, 2022): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.4(149).28.
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E-sports is becoming more widespread, including in Ukraine. At the same time, there is a problem of developing methodological approaches to the organization of rational, healthy and healthy nutrition of athletes engaged in e-sports due to the emergence of "play disorders" of alimentary nature, such as overweight, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome that needs to be addressed. The purpose of the study: to develop methodological approaches to the organization of rational, healthy and healthy nutrition of athletes engaged in e-sports. Research methods: used methods of theoretical analysis of scientific literature: generalization, formalization, abstraction, synthesis. Research results and conclusions: developed methodological approaches to the organization of rational, healthy and healthy nutrition of athletes engaged in e-sports. It is concluded that ensuring healthy nutrition of athletes engaged in e-sports is possible by combining e-sports with physical education, including fitness, with the use of programs to increase individual (personal) social motivation of athletes to proper eating behavior. A significant problem for e-sports athletes can be a "sedentary" lifestyle with insufficient physical activity, eating and eating disorders, and the subsequent development of "gaming disorders" such as overweight, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome. With regard to athletes engaged in e-sports, it is necessary to assess and correct their actual nutrition with the use of appropriate information computer technology, increase their individual (personal) social motivation for proper eating behavior, using appropriate programs to increase individual (personal) social motivation, involve them in training physical culture, including fitness. Methodologically, rational nutrition should be used for e-sports athletes primarily to balance the daily energy expenditure of athletes with the energy value of their diet, healthy eating should be used primarily to achieve the optimal ratio of rational nutrition with sufficient physical activity, and sufficient motor activity, nutrition - for the prevention and treatment of alimentary pathology: overweight, obesity, metabolic syndrome.
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Wood, Andrew, Rory Mack, and Martin Turner. "Developing Self-determined Motivation and Performance with an Elite Athlete: Integrating Motivational Interviewing with Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy." Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 38, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 540–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10942-020-00351-6.
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CUNEO, TERENCE. "INTUITIONISM'S BURDEN: THOMAS REID ON THE PROBLEM OF MORAL MOTIVATION." Journal of Scottish Philosophy 6, no. 1 (March 2008): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1479665108000067.
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Hume bequeathed to rational intuitionists a problem concerning moral judgment and the will – a problem of sufficient severity that it is still cited as one of the major reasons why intuitionism is untenable. 1 Stated in general terms, the problem concerns how an intuitionist moral theory can account for the intimate connection between moral judgment and moral motivation. One reason that this is still considered to be a problem for intuitionists is that it is widely assumed that the early intuitionists made little progress towards solving it. In this essay, I wish to challenge this assumption by examining one of the more subtle intuitionist responses to Hume, viz., that offered by Thomas Reid. For reasons that remain unclear to me, Reid's response to Hume on this issue has been almost entirely neglected. I shall argue that it is nonetheless one that merits our attention, for at least two reasons. In the first place, Reid's response to Hume's challenge to rational intuitionism bears a close affinity to the type of response that he offers to Hume's broadly skeptical challenge to realist views regarding our perception of the external world. Since Reid's strategy in the latter case is widely regarded as exhibiting significant promise, it is natural to wonder whether, when applied to the moral domain, this type of strategy displays similar promise. 2 I will suggest that it does. That is, I will suggest that since Reid's broadly nativist position in perception is one well worth considering, then so also is his broadly nativist account of moral motivation. Second, Reid's position regarding moral motivation represents an intriguing attempt to blend a broadly intuitionist view with important insights from the sentimentalist tradition. In this respect, Reid's view is a genuine hybrid position unlike that offered by other intuitionists such as Richard Price. The synthetic character of Reid's position, I claim, gives it a unique type of theoretical richness, since it incorporates some very attractive features of both rational intuitionism and sentimentalism.
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Jasser, Karolina. "Rationality, Moral Motivation and Psychopathology." Studies in Global Ethics and Global Education 9 (December 22, 2018): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8147.
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Motivational internalism is a view according to which moral judgments are necessarily motivating. Rationalist internalism (RI) is the most popular version of this view; it limits internalism to people who are practically rational. Motivational internalism, including RI, has been criticized as being incompatible with research into certain personality disorder; in particular psychopathic personality and pathological personality which is the result of damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (shortened to VM damage). In this paper, I argue that many of the features of psychopathic personality and of VM damage, which some philosophers interpreted as direct proof against internalism, should be understood as having an effect on the practical rationality of the patients. This means that these personality disorders cannot be used as counter examples to RI and can, in fact, be seen as supporting RI to some extent . I begin by describing RI. I then turn to I describing the phenomenon of psychopathic personality and VM damage and their philosophically relevant features. Finally I discuss whether the features characterizing psychopathy and VM damage influence the degree to which these disorders can serve as counterexamples to internalism of the rationalist variety.
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Hapsyah, Dina Rahmawati, Riska Handayani, Happy Karlina Marjo, and Wirda Hanim. "BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DENGAN PENDEKATAN RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPHY (REBT) DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR." Jurnal Selaras : Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling serta Psikologi Pendidikan 2, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/sel.v2i1.1002.
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ABSTRAK
Salah satu bagian penting dalam proses pembelajaran adalah motivasi. Beberapa pertanyaaan pengantar juga dinilai mampu menumbuhkan rasa ingin tahu siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran berkaitan, tujuannya adalah supaya siswa lebih aktif, lebih berani dan mampu belajar lebih baik lagi (Bahrudin, 2014). Pendekatan REBT memiliki tujuan untuk mengubah pandangan dan keyakinan irasional klien menjadi rasional, membantu mengubah sikap, cara berpikir dan persepsi, oleh karena itu klien diharapkan mampu mengembangkan dan mencapai realisasi diri secara optimal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka yang didukung oleh data-data dari beberapa artikel, buku-buku sumber, dan dokumen pendukung lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar pada siswa adalah hal penting yang dibutuhkan dalam proses pencapaian hasil pembelajaran agar optimal. Salah satu pendekatan dalam bimbingan dan konseling yang dapat meningatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik ialah REBT yang dapat membantu peserta didik membuka wawasan dan memiliki pemikiran yang rasional dalam tindakan yang berhubungan dengant ujuan belajar.
Kata Kunci: bimbingan kelompok, motivasi belajar, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
ABSTRACT
One important part of the learning process is motivation. Some introductory questions are also considered to be able to foster curiosity of students towards related learning material, the goal is so that students are more active, bolder and able to learn better (Bahrudin, 2014). Therefore, when students have good learning motivation, the goal of the learning process in the classroom can be said to be successful. The REBT approach has the goal of changing the views and irrational beliefs of clients to be rational, helping to change attitudes, ways of thinking and perception, therefore clients are expected to be able to develop and achieve optimal self-realization. This study uses a literature study that is by linking research with existing literature and filling in the gaps in previous research. The results of the study show that motivation to learn to students is an important thing needed in the process of achieving learning outcomes to be optimal. One approach in guidance and counseling that can enhance students' learning motivation is REBT which can help students open their horizons and have rational thinking in actions related to learning goals.
Keywords: group guidance, learning motivation, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
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Fernández Beites, Pilar. "Tipos de motivación y vida moral: la propuesta de E. Husserl." Investigaciones Fenomenológicas, no. 11 (January 29, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rif.11.2014.29534.
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La reducción trascendental introdu-cida por Husserl en Ideas I le permite a nuestro autor, ya en Ideas II, definir la “actitud perso-nalista”, donde el “objeto intencional” abre paso a una nueva noción clave que es la de “motivación”. Dada la importancia que tiene la motivación para entender cualquier vida y también, por tanto, la vida moral, mi ponencia busca obtener una clasificación rigurosa de los distintos tipos de motivación que Husserl describe (tanto en Ideas II como en Einleitung in die Ethik). Su objetivo es mostrar que aunque Husserl concede a la motivación “racional” (correcta o incorrecta) toda la importancia que merece, no por ello identifica motivación con racionalidad. En la motivación, que cubre por completo el ámbito personalista (no “causal”), Husserl incluye, en efecto, una motivación “prerracional” o asociativa, que nos lleva al terreno de la fenomeno-logía genética.The transcendental reduction introduced by Husserl in Ideas I allows him, in Ideas II, defining the "personalistic attitude" where the "intentional object" gives way to a new key notion, "motivation." Given the importance of motivation to understand any life and, therefore, moral life, my paper seeks a rigorous classification of the different types of motivation that Husserl describes (in Ideas II and in Einleitung in die Ethik). Its aim is showing that although Husserl gives importance to "rational" (correct or incorrect) motivation, he does not identify motivation with rationality. In the motivation, that covers completely personalistic (no "causal”) level, Husserl includes, in effect, a "pre-rational" or associative motivation, which leads us to the field of genetic phenomenology
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Gawel, Erik. "Intrinsische Motivation und umweltpolitische Instrumente." Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 2, no. 2 (May 2001): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2516.00042.
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Abstract In the discussion on the rational choice model of individual behavior, a growing emphasis has recently been placed on the importance of intrinsic motivation. Contrary to assumptions made in the standard economic literature, it is suggested that an individual's motivation to act may not be exclusively determined by external influences (incentives, restrictions) and (given) personal preferences, but, in addition, depends on intrinsically anchored ethical preferences. Intrinsic motivation may diminish if parallel external incentives, such as rewards or orders, come into play: Insofar as external intervention weakens the corresponding intrinsic motivation to act, the (normal) effect of relative prices is opposed by a (countervailing) crowding-out effect of intrinsic motivation. The effect of (over-) crowding-out has been thematized especially in the context of environmental policy. It was suggested that subsidies may support intrinsic incentives whereas taxes and licences (especially though command-and-control measures) tend to undermine them. This paper critically analyzes the impact of intrinsic behavior considerations on the evaluation of environmental policy instruments. It is argued that, if at all, economists' standard recommendations for policy design with respect to subsidies need not be revised even if intrinsic motivation plays any role for the agents' environmental bevavior. Furthermore, command-and-control policy might rather support than weaken intrinsic motivation.
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Chang, Young Kyun, Won-Yong Oh, and Sanghee Han. "Profit or Purpose: What Increases Medical Doctors’ Job Satisfaction?" Healthcare 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040641.
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This study integrates two competing views to examine whether medical doctors are satisfied with their jobs when they perceive their hospitals as being oriented toward profit (i.e., rational choice theory) or purpose (i.e., public service motivation). Using a sample of 127 doctors from 70 hospitals, this study tests these competing views. The results show that doctors who perceive their hospitals as purpose-driven are likely to experience job satisfaction, and this pattern still holds even if they also perceive their hospitals to be emphasizing profits. However, only the purpose-driven orientation results in job satisfaction via a sense of meaningfulness. Thus, this study offers comprehensive evidence that while medical doctors are likely to be satisfied with their jobs when they work at either purpose-driven or profit-driven hospitals, only purpose-driven hospitals give doctors a sense of meaningfulness. This finding suggests that both rational choice theory and public service motivation perspective are valid; however, public service motivation plays a greater role in terms of a sense of meaningfulness. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
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Mansaray, Hassan Elsan. "The Role of Human Resource Management in Employee Motivation and Performance-An Overview." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (August 2, 2019): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i3.405.
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This paper discusses the link between motivation and performance, and established what makes motivation to have a central role in getting high performances from employees in organizations. It was revealed from the review that there are several motivational theories used by employers at different situations when they want their employees to highly perform. As motivation is to influence employees to perform, hence; performance is the evaluation with respect to acknowledged tasks, objectives, goal line and rational anticipations linked with a role, occupation in an organization. This paper has looked at some of these theories that have been proven and accepted by the general public. They comprise Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, McGregor’s theories x and y, McClelland’s theory of learned needs, Alderfer’s ERG theory, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, Vroom’s expectancy theory and different types of motivation, such as intrinsic and extrinsic. It is evident from the literature reviewed that all theories were established on some experimentations or observations, as a result they are just written ends about a tested situation. Though circumstances can be comparable, they will perhaps by no means be the same. Also, studies have showed that highly motivated employees that are productive and innovative can lead the organization to success through the achievement of its desired results.
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Wilson, Eric Entrican. "Habitual Desire: On Kant’s Concept of Inclination." Kantian Review 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 211–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415416000030.
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AbstractTamar Schapiro has offered an important new ‘Kantian’ account of inclination and motivation, one that expands and refines Christine Korsgaard’s view. In this article I argue that Kant’s own view differs significantly from Schapiro’s. Above all, Kant thinks of inclinations as dispositions, not occurrent desires; and he does not believe that they stem directly from a non-rational source, as she argues. Schapiro’s ‘Kantian’ view rests on a much sharper distinction between the rational and non-rational parts of the soul. In the process of explaining these (and other) differences, I argue that Kant’s own view is in some respects philosophically superior to Schapiro’s.
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Eremeyeva, A. V., and V. S. Tretyakova. "Studying teaching staff climate and motivation." INSIGHT, no. 1(9) (2022): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/2686-8970-2022-1-48-59.
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The article presents the need of studying management mechanisms in order to create a favorable psychological climate for the teaching staff. The article describes the need for applied research to solve emerging problems that hinder effective work of a teacher. The article identifies the problem of the study that is to solve the contradiction between the need for effective activities of educational organizations and the lack of preparedness of the managers for managerial activities. The article describes the study of the climate and motivation of teaching staff in preschool educational organizations and secondary schools and their impact on the socio-psychological climate in educational organizations. The results of the study of the socio-psychological climate of two pedagogical teams are presented, problem areas are identified and rational forms and methods of team management are determined, conclusions are formulated. The practical significance of the conducted research is to identify the features of the psychological climate of specific teams, making it possible to determine the prospects for further activities of managers of organizations aimed at harmonizing relations in the team and improving the effectiveness of professional activities.
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Baiasu, Sorin. "Kant's Account of Motivation: A Sartrean Response to Some Hegelian Objections." Hegel Bulletin 31, no. 01 (2010): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200001087.
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Ethical motivation represents an important aspect of Kant's practical philosophy, one without which much of Kant's distinctive position would be lost. Not surprisingly, it is also one of those aspects of Kantianism to which Hegelian criticism directs its focus with predilection. Central to Kant's account of moral motivation is the distinction between acting merely in accordance with duty and acting from duty. When he introduces this distinction, in the Groundwork, Kant also points to the epistemic difficulties of properly drawing the distinction. A key concept here is, without any doubt, that of duty, and Kant begins with a preliminary definition: the notion of duty is a notion ‘which contains that of a good will though under certain subjective limitations and hindrances’ (G: 4: 397). What this definition tells us is that, although beings which are only governed by practical reason without any admixture of inclinations and sensuous drives, that is, purely rational beings, will also have a good will, such beings do not have duties precisely because they lack the ‘subjective limitations and hindrances’ of sensuous motivating forces, such as desires, passions, habitual responses. If a person spontaneously and necessarily acts as duty requires, then it does not make sense to talk about an obligation for this person to act as duty requires. Such a person must be a purely rational person, since only she can always and necessarily act as (practical) reason requires. By contrast, beings with limitations and hindrances, like us, act spontaneously and necessarily as natural laws require and, hence, it does not make sense to talk about our obligation or duty to observe the laws of nature.
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Norboev, Nabijon Narzikulovich. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION ON INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 02, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-10-44.
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A large role in maintaining and strengthening health, optimal body tone is played by rational motor activity, which for children and adolescents can be implemented at physical culture lessons in order to correctly form their motor skills and abilities, master the basic principles of improving physical qualities and educating the need for their implementation not only in physical education lessons, but also at home, in everyday life. Unfortunately, in recent years, students' interest in physical activity has been steadily declining. That is why this article substantiates the need to increase the motivational sphere among students for physical education.
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Golubovic, Natasa. "Capital theory and rational choice." Sociologija 51, no. 2 (2009): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0902189g.
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Almost from the very beginning of economic science the notion of capital has been the subject of numerous controversies. The main reason for the concept's controversial nature is that it explains interest and profit. In Marxian theory, where 'manner of production' determines forms of activities, mutual relationships and life of individuals, capital appears as a social phenomenon i.e. social relation. Goods and money are not capital by themselves but become capital in the capitalist way of production. Economics mainstream is based on methodological individualism upon which explanation of social phenomena and processes must be derived from individual behavior and motivation. Capital, therefore, is not a product of capitalism as a socially and historically specific form of economic organization, but is rather perceived as connected to the individual and his or her rational behavior. Rational choice is the basic and sometimes the only explanatory factor in the neoclassic theories of capital. Although theories of human and cultural capital point out the interdependence between individual activity and choice on the one hand, and social position on the other hand in the process of capitalization, the connection remains in the background and somehow unclear. A more explicit indication of the interdependence between social structure and choice can be found in the theory of social capital. The goal of this paper is to explore the role of rational choice theory in explaining the nature of capital.
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Li, Tao, Yuling Chen, Yanli Wang, Yilei Wang, Minghao Zhao, Haojia Zhu, Youliang Tian, Xiaomei Yu, and Yixian Yang. "Rational Protocols and Attacks in Blockchain System." Security and Communication Networks 2020 (September 24, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8839047.
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Blockchain has been an emerging technology, which comprises lots of fields such as distributed systems and Internet of Things (IoT). As is well known, blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin, whose initial motivation is derived from economic incentives. Therefore, lots of components of blockchain (e.g., consensus mechanism) can be constructed toward the view of game theory. In this paper, we highlight the combination of game theory and blockchain, including rational smart contracts, game theoretic attacks, and rational mining strategies. When put differently, the rational parties, who manage to maximize their utilities, involved in blockchain chose their strategies according to the economic incentives. Consequently, we focus on the influence of rational parties with respect to building blocks. More specifically, we investigate the research progress from the aspects of smart contract, rational attacks, and consensus mechanism, respectively. Finally, we present some future directions based on the brief survey with respect to game theory and blockchain.
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Migueles, Carmen Pires, and Marco Tulio Fundão Zanini. "The volitional nature of motivation and cultural creativity: an anthropological investigation." Cadernos EBAPE.BR 16, no. 3 (September 2018): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395168923.
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Abstract: We examine the volitional, non-rational nature of motivation and its impact on symbolic production at work. Based on a ethnographic study on a Brazilian special police force we argue that institutional stability and stable symbolic frames of references have long been taken for granted in studies of motivation, thus leaving aside the role of aesthetical demand in producing active symbolic elaboration at work. Unstable institutional frames of reference are relevant to understand the efforts of internal integration, identity building and relations of alterity at work. In this sense, this article has the main objective of contributing to the studies on intrinsic motivation within organizations.
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Gersel, Johan Peter. "What Motivates Fregean Anti-Individualism?" Grazer Philosophische Studien 94, no. 1-2 (June 14, 2017): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-000009.
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In Anti-Individualism and Knowledge Jessica Brown criticises views of content that combine Fregean Sense and anti-individualism. Brown assumes that all Fregean theories are motivated by a picture of the rational thinker as someone who will always have transparent access to the simple inferential consequences of his thoughts. This picture, Brown argues, is incompatible with anti-individualism about content. While traditional Fregean theories have indeed had such motivation, Brown’s mistake is in attributing this motivation to the modern Fregean anti-individualist. My goal in this paper is to bring to light a different, and seldom discussed, motivation for Fregean views of content which is immune to Browns objections.
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PELLIZZONI, ELENA, TOMMASO BUGANZA, and GABRIELE COLOMBO. "MOTIVATION ORIENTATIONS IN INNOVATION CONTESTS: WHY PEOPLE PARTICIPATE." International Journal of Innovation Management 19, no. 04 (August 2015): 1550033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919615500334.
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Innovation contests allow companies to involve the general public or specific target groups in solving innovation problems. The increasing importance of innovation contests suggests the need for further research on why people become involved in non-compulsory innovation activities, such as innovation contests. The purpose of this paper was to examine which motivation orientations explain such participation and the quality of the ideas submitted. Drawing on motivation theories, this paper discusses the links between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and problem-solver participation as well as solution quality. Our findings suggest that different levels of participation are driven by different motivation orientations. Low performers participated in contests based on a rational understanding of the extrinsic benefits and perceived effort required, as did non-participants. However, such extrinsic reasoning is insufficient for high-performer motivation; high performers participate in the task due to its intrinsic value. These findings have important implications for both researchers and practitioners.
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Kanbekova, Rimma Valeevna, Elvira Albertovna Izhbulatova, and Liliya Khazinurovna Salimova. "Methods of Increasing Motivation and Quality of Potential Primary School Teachers’ Mathematical Education." Development of education, no. 4 (6) (December 18, 2019): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-53754.
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The article describes the implementation of project tasks in the study of rational and irrational numbers, presents the results of a questionnaire survey of students, potential primary school teachers, while studying the numerical line in a course on mathematics. The purpose of the article is to consider the effect of supplementing a material of a numerical line with original content on motivation when teaching mathematics to students of non-mathematical profiles. Methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the indifferent or negative attitude of students to the study of the rational and irrational numbers theory. Using theoretical and experimental methods, the hypothesis on the formation of positive motivation among students through the solution of project tasks, the compilation and implementation of which gives them a sense of independence, freedom of choice, success, is tested. Conclusions presented in the article are based on the results of the study. Due to the implementation of project tasks, students in the study of the discipline «Mathematics» felt the usefulness of the knowledge gained and showed high marks on exams. It is concluded that the teaching of the numerical line in the course on mathematics at the university using the techniques mentioned below in the article allowed to increase the level of positive motivation among students.
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Khaliq, Maryam, Amna Usman, and Aqeel Ahmed. "Effect Of Leadership Style On Working Culture And Employees Motivation." Journal of Educational Paradigms 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47609/0301052021.
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Based on a recent call for further research. This study is expected to quantify the impact of rational-legal, traditional, charismatic leadership style on employee's motivation and working culture. Using the survey method data was collected from 215 employees, and 15 leaders. The underpinning objective of the current study is to test the underpinning theory. The response rate was observed by 55% using the simple random sampling technique. The findings of current study indicate a positive and significant role of leaders on the working culture and employee’s motivation. Results further show that the study's five variables had played a significant role, and the results have some practical implications for Employees, Leaders, HRM departments, and organizations.