Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rational degree

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rational degree'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rational degree"

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Denker, William A., and Gary J. Herron. "Generalizing rational degree elevation." Computer Aided Geometric Design 14, no. 5 (June 1997): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8396(96)00036-2.

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Nguyen Dat, Dang. "EXTENDED DEGREE OF RATIONAL MAPS." Journal of Science Natural Science 64, no. 6 (June 2019): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2019-0027.

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Oja, Peeter. "Low degree rational spline interpolation." BIT Numerical Mathematics 37, no. 4 (December 1997): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02510359.

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Coskun, Izzet, and Eric Riedl. "Normal bundles of rational curves on complete intersections." Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 21, no. 02 (February 27, 2019): 1850011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219199718500116.

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Let [Formula: see text] be a general Fano complete intersection of type [Formula: see text]. If at least one [Formula: see text] is greater than [Formula: see text], we show that [Formula: see text] contains rational curves of degree [Formula: see text] with balanced normal bundle. If all [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we show that [Formula: see text] contains rational curves of degree [Formula: see text] with balanced normal bundle. As an application, we prove a stronger version of the theorem of Tian [27], Chen and Zhu [4] that [Formula: see text] is separably rationally connected by exhibiting very free rational curves in [Formula: see text] of optimal degrees.
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BJÖRKLUND, JOHAN. "REAL ALGEBRAIC KNOTS OF LOW DEGREE." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 20, no. 09 (September 2011): 1285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216511009248.

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In this paper, we study rational real algebraic knots in ℝP3. We show that two real rational algebraic knots of degree ≤ 5 are rigidly isotopic if and only if their degrees and encomplexed writhes are equal. We also show that any smooth irreducible knot which admits a plane projection with less than or equal to four crossings has a rational parametrization of degree ≤6. Furthermore an explicit construction of rational knots of a given degree with arbitrary encomplexed writhe (subject to natural restrictions) is presented.
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Matsuoka, Takashi, and Fumio Sakai. "The degree of rational cuspidal curves." Mathematische Annalen 285, no. 2 (October 1989): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01443516.

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Krajnc, Marjeta, Karla Počkaj, and Vito Vitrih. "Construction of low degree rational motions." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 256 (January 2014): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2013.07.014.

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Downs, T. "A degree property of rational matrices." Linear Algebra and its Applications 72 (December 1985): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(85)90143-0.

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Chardin, M., S. H. Hassanzadeh, and A. Simis. "Degree of rational maps versus syzygies." Journal of Algebra 573 (May 2021): 641–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2021.01.001.

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Leviatan, D., and D. S. Lubinsky. "Degree of Approximation by Rational Functions with Prescribed Numerator Degree." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 46, no. 3 (June 1, 1994): 619–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1994-033-1.

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AbstractWe prove a Jackson type theorem for rational functions with prescribed numerator degree: For continuous functions f: [—1,1] —> ℝ with ℓ sign changes in (—1,1), there exists a real rational function Rℓ,n(x) with numerator degree ℓ and denominator degree at most n, that changes sign exactly where f does, and such thatHere C is independent of f, n and ℓ, and ωφ is the Ditzian-Totik modulus of continuity. For special functions such as f(x) = sign(x)|x|α we consider improvements of the Jackson rate.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rational degree"

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Yap, Diane. "Potential Good Reduction of Degree 2 Rational Maps." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/25935.

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We give a complete characterization of degree two rational maps on P1 with potential good reduction over local fields. We show this happens exactly when the map corresponds to an integral point in the moduli space M2. The proof includes an algorithm by which to conjugate any degree two rational map corresponding to an integral point in M2 into a map with unit resultant. The local fields result is used to solve the same problem for number fields with class number 1. Some additional results are given for degree 2 rational maps over Q. We also give a full description of post-critically finite maps in M2(Q), including the algorithm used to find them.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2012.
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Dastjerdi, Davood Ahmadi. "Dynamics of certain rational maps of degree two." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316531.

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Bedi, Harpreet Singh. "Line Bundles of Rational Degree Over Perfectoid Space." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10681242.

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In this thesis we lay the foundation for rational degree d as an element of Z[1/p] by using perfectoid analogue of projective space, and consider power series instead of polynomials. We start the groundwork by proving Weierstrass theorems for perfectoid spaces which are analogues of standard Weierstrass theorems in complex analysis. We then move onto defining sheaves for Projective perfectoid analogue and prove perfectoid analogues of Gorthendieck's classication theorem on projective line, Serre's theorem on Cohomology of line bundles. As intermediate results we also compute Picard groups and describe Cartier and Weil divisors for Perfectoid.

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Stimson, James Robert Pointer. "Degree two rational maps with a periodic critical point." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386769.

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Kang, Jeongook Kim. "Interpolation by rational matrix functions with minimal McMillan degree." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37745.

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Interpolation conditions on rational matrix functions expressed in terms of residues are studied. As a compact way of expressing tangential interpolation conditions of arbitrarily high multiplicity possibly from both sides simultaneously, interpolation conditions are represented in terms of residues. The minimal possible complexity, measured by the McMillan degree, of interpolants is found in terms of the controllability and the observability indices of certain pairs of matrices which are part of given data. An interpolant of such complexity is obtained in realization form. This leads to another approach to the partial realization problem. As a generalization of the well-known Lagrange interpolation problem for scalar polynomials, the problem of seeking for a matrix polynomial interpolant of low complexity is studied. The main tool is state space methods borrowed from systems theory. After adoption of state space methods, problems concerning rational matrix functions are reduced to the realm of linear algebra.
Ph. D.
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Saltman, David J., Jean-Pierre Tignol, and saltman@mail ma utexas edu. "Generic Algebras with Involution of Degree 8m." ESI preprints, 2001. ftp://ftp.esi.ac.at/pub/Preprints/esi1001.ps.

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Al-Ghassani, Asma Said Ahmed. "Measures of growth of discrete rational equations." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6055.

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The general scope of this thesis is aimed at investigating certain classes of discrete equations through the analysis of certain characteristics of the solutions of these equations. We construct new methods of analysis based on the growth of these characteristics that let us single out known integrable discrete equations from certain class of equations. These integrable discrete equations are discrete analogues of the famous Painleve equations.
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Ілляшенко, Сергій Миколайович, Юлія Сергіївна Шипуліна, and Наталія Сергіївна Ілляшенко. "Інноваційна культура суспільства як соціокультурний механізм активізації інноваційної діяльності." Thesis, Національна академія наук України, 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/45616.

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Досліджені роль і місце інноваційної культури суспільства у системі механізмів формування в Україні середовища сприятливого для інноваційної діяльності. Уточнено склад і функції її окремих підсистем. Виконано оцінку елементів підсистем інноваційної культури суспільства, що дозволяє обґрунтовано впроваджувати систему заходів, спрямованих на її розвиток. Запропоновано систему засадничих принципів формування в Україні інноваційно-сприятливого середовища. Запропоновано рекомендації щодо раціонального вибору ступеня радикалізації розроблюваних конкретною організацією інновацій залежно від співвідношення рівня її інноваційної культури і інноваційної культури суспільства у цілому.
The role and place of society's innovative culture was analyzed through the system of mechanisms of favorable innovative environment formation in Ukraine. The structure and functions of its individual subsystems was specified. The estimation of the subsystems elements of a society's innovative culture was performed, allowing the implementation of reasonable activities aimed at its development. The system of fundamental principles of forming the innovative environment in Ukraine was suggested. The authors advanced recommendations for choosing the rational degree of radicalization of innovations for a particular organization depending on the ratio of the organization’s innovative culture and innovative culture of the society in general.
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Iezzi, Annamaria. "Nombre de points rationnels des courbes singulières sur les corps finis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4027/document.

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On s'intéresse, dans cette thèse, à des questions concernant le nombre maximum de points rationnels d'une courbe singulière définie sur un corps fini, sujet qui, depuis Weil, a été amplement abordé dans le cas lisse. Cette étude se déroule en deux temps. Tout d'abord on présente une construction de courbes singulières de genres et corps de base donnés, possédant un grand nombre de points rationnels : cette construction, qui repose sur des notions et outils de géométrie algébrique et d'algèbre commutative, permet de construire, en partant d'une courbe lisse X, une courbe à singularités X', de telle sorte que X soit la normalisée de X', et que les singularités ajoutées soient rationnelles sur le corps de base et de degré de singularité prescrit. Ensuite, en utilisant une approche euclidienne, on prouve une nouvelle borne sur le nombre de points fermés de degré deux d'une courbe lisse définie sur un corps fini.La combinaison de ces résultats, à priori indépendants, permet notamment d'étudier le problème de savoir quand la borne d'Aubry-Perret, analogue de la borne de Weil dans le cas singulier, est atteinte. Cela nous amène de façon naturelle à l'étude des propriétés des courbes maximales et, lorsque la cardinalité du corps de base est un carré, à l'analyse du spectre des genres de ces dernières
In this PhD thesis, we focus on some issues about the maximum number of rational points on a singular curve defined over a finite field. This topic has been extensively discussed in the smooth case since Weil's works. We have split our study into two stages. First, we provide a construction of singular curves of prescribed genera and base field and with many rational points: such a construction, based on some notions and tools from algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, yields a method for constructing, given a smooth curve X, another curve X' with singularities, such that X is the normalization of X', and the added singularities are rational on the base field and with the prescribed singularity degree. Then, using a Euclidian approach, we prove a new bound for the number of closed points of degree two on a smooth curve defined over a finite field.Combining these two a priori independent results, we can study the following question: when is the Aubry-Perret bound (the analogue of the Weil bound in the singular case) reached? This leads naturally to the study of the properties of maximal curves and, when the cardinality of the base field is a square, to the analysis of the spectrum of their genera
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Fanizza, Giovanna. "Modeling and Model Reduction by Analytic Interpolation and Optimization." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Engineering sciences, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9125.

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Books on the topic "Rational degree"

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Nathan, Amos. Principles of probability dynamics: The theory of rational revisions of degrees of belief. Jerusalem: A. Nathan, 1997.

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Nathan, Amos. Principles of probability dynamics: The theory of rational revisions of degrees of belief. Jerusalem: A. Nathan, 1997.

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Nathan, Amos. Principles of probability dynamics: The theory of rational revisions of degrees of belief. Jerusalem: A. Nathan, 1997.

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Nathan, Amos. Principles of probability dynamics: The theory of rational revisions of degrees of belief. Jerusalem: A. Nathan, 1997.

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Kas'yanova, Svetlana. Accounting in the restaurant and hotel business and tourism. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1171922.

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The textbook outlines the theoretical and applied aspects of the organization and accounting features, which allow assessing the effectiveness of its management with a proper degree of completeness and reliability. The latest legislative changes have been taken into account. All the material is distributed on topics between theoretical, practical and seminar classes, as well as independent work of students in the form of discussions, presentations, situational tasks, test tasks. The use of methodological materials will allow students to rationally allocate their time while studying the discipline, get a sufficiently adequate aggregate score and rating assessment and form professional skills. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. The textbook contains a set of developments for the preparation of bachelors in the field of accounting that meet the requirements of the educational program in the field of training 38.03.01 "Economics".
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1968-, Arvesú Jorge, and Lopez Lagomasino Guillermo 1948-, eds. Recent advances in orthogonal polynomials, special functions, and their applications: 11th International Symposium on Orthogonal Polynomials, Special Functions, and Their Applications, August 29-September 2, 2011, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Spain. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2012.

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Jenkins, Jeffery A. APD and Rational Choice. Edited by Richard Valelly, Suzanne Mettler, and Robert Lieberman. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697915.013.18.

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Rational choice and American political development (APD) both emerged as responses to (perceived) limitations with the dominant behavioral tradition. While their critiques were based on very different research traditions, similarities were also present; in particular, both rational choice and APD approaches focused on the importance ofinstitutionsfor studying political outcomes. Over time, rational choice and APD research has converged to a significant degree, as scholars in both traditions have increasingly been exposed to different theoretical and methodological perspectives and thus become consumers of each other’s work. This chapter documents how and why rational choice research has moved in an APD direction.
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Wedgwood, Ralph. The Value of Rationality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802693.001.0001.

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Rationality is a central concept for epistemology, ethics, and the study of practical reason. But what sort of concept is it? It is argued here that—contrary to objections that have recently been raised—rationality is a normative concept. In general, normative concepts cannot be explained in terms of the concepts expressed by ‘reasons’ or ‘ought’. Instead, normative concepts are best understood in terms of values. Thus, for a mental state or a process of reasoning to be rational is for it to be in a certain way good. Specifically, rationality is a virtue, while irrationality is a vice. What rationality requires of you at a time is whatever is necessary for your thinking at that time to be as rational as possible; this makes ‘rationally required’ equivalent to a kind of ‘ought’. Moreover, rationality is an “internalist” normative concept: what it is rational for you to think at a time depends purely on what is in your mind at that time. Nonetheless, rationality has an external goal—namely, getting things right in your thinking, or thinking correctly. The connection between rationality and correctness is probabilistic: if your thinking is irrational, that is bad news about your thinking’s degree of correctness; and the more irrational your thinking is, the worse the news is about your thinking’s degree of correctness. This account of the concept of rationality indicates how we should set about giving a substantive theory of what it is for beliefs and choices to be rational.
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Wedgwood, Ralph. The Aim of Rationality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802693.003.0010.

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It is proposed that rationality has an external goal—thinking as correctly as possible. (For example, perhaps believing as correctly as possible is being maximally confident of the truth, and choosing as correctly as possible is choosing something feasible and optimally choiceworthy.) If your thinking is irrational, that is bad news about your thinking’s degree of correctness; the more irrational your thinking is, the worse the news is about your thinking’s degree of correctness. This idea is interpreted in probabilistic terms. There is a probability function, fixed by the mental states and events present in your mind, such that the degree to which your thinking is ‘good news’ about correctness is determined by how your thinking compares to alternative ways of thinking in terms of its expected degree of correctness according to that probability function. This proposal can explain the normativity of the requirements of rational coherence.
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Wagner, R. Harrison. Rationalism and Security. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.285.

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In 1969, the game theorist John Harsanyi wrote an article criticizing the two main postulates of the general theory of social behavior prevalent at the time: the functionalist approach to the explanation of social institutions and the conformist approach to the explanation of individual behavior. According to Harsanyi, functionalist and conformist theories overstated the degree of consensus in societies, could not account for change, and described observed behavior without explaining it. Harsanyi proposed an alternative approach provided by theories based on the concept of rational choice (rational behavior, or rational decision-making). His goal was to develop a hypothetico-deductive theory explaining (and possibly predicting) a large number of empirical facts from a few relatively simple theoretical assumptions or axioms. Among students of international politics, Harsanyi’s approach sparked a controversy about rationalism. However, some critics of rationalism do not distinguish clearly between the interest-based theories Harsanyi criticized and the rational choice methods he advocated, and some even confuse both with neoclassical economics. In order to understand the issues raised in the controversy about rationalism, it is helpful to look at interest-based theories of politics and their relation to neoclassical economics. Game theory has provided a useful framework for the intellectual agenda outlined by Harsanyi, especially in the area of international security.
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Book chapters on the topic "Rational degree"

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Wachspress, Eugene. "Approximation of Higher Degree." In Rational Bases and Generalized Barycentrics, 115–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21614-0_6.

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Walsh, J. L. "Degree of Approximation by Rational Functions and Polynomials." In Joseph L. Walsh, 611–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2114-2_46.

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Berrut, Jean-Paul. "Linear Barycentric Rational Interpolation with Guaranteed Degree of Exactness." In Approximation Theory XV: San Antonio 2016, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59912-0_1.

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Walsh, J. L. "On the Degree of Convergence of Sequences of Rational Functions." In Joseph L. Walsh, 506–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2114-2_41.

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Chen, Hao, Ronald Cramer, Robbert de Haan, and Ignacio Cascudo Pueyo. "Strongly Multiplicative Ramp Schemes from High Degree Rational Points on Curves." In Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2008, 451–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78967-3_26.

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Schenzel, Peter. "On Curves of Small Degree on a Normal Rational Surface Scroll." In Commutative Algebra, Singularities and Computer Algebra, 225–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1092-4_14.

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Sarfraz, Muhammad. "A Rational Spline with Point Tension: An Alternative to NURBS of Degree Three." In Geometric Modeling: Techniques, Applications, Systems and Tools, 131–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1689-5_8.

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Debarre, Olivier. "Curves of Low Degrees on Fano Varieties." In Birational Geometry, Rational Curves, and Arithmetic, 133–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6482-2_6.

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Seimenis, J. "The Method of Rational Approximations: Theory and Applications." In Hamiltonian Systems with Three or More Degrees of Freedom, 213–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4673-9_18.

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Hughes, Claire, and Gillian Saieva. "The Journey of Higher Degree Apprenticeships." In Applied Pedagogies for Higher Education, 243–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46951-1_11.

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Abstract Hughes and Saieva outline the history and rationale of the development of Higher Degree Apprenticeships (HDAs) as well as explore how to embed the real world ideologies to innovate curriculum. The necessity of strong support structures across the tripartite relationship to best meet the requirements of both apprentices and employers are also emphasised. The chapter will also review the added value that HDAs bring, not only to the individual apprentices, but to the organisations too, with the use of case studies and feedback from employers on the impact that the apprentice’s work-based learning journey. Reflections are provided on the lessons learnt so far and the chapter presents some of the main areas for consideration.
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Conference papers on the topic "Rational degree"

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Pérez-Díaz, Sonia, and J. Rafael Sendra. "Partial degree formulae for rational algebraic surfaces." In the 2005 international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1073884.1073926.

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ZENG, FANGLING, and FALAI CHEN. "DEGREE REDUCTION OF RATIONAL CURVES BY µ-BASES." In Proceedings of the Sixth Asian Symposium (ASCM 2003). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704436_0022.

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Sendra, J. Rafael, and Franz Winkler. "Computation of the degree of rational maps between curves." In the 2001 international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/384101.384144.

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Shi, Mao, Zhenglin Ye, and Baosheng Kang. "The degree reduction of tensor product rational Bézier surfaces." In 2008 9th International Conference on Computer-Aided Industrial Design & Conceptual Design (CAID/CD). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caidcd.2008.4730655.

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Huahui, Cai, and Liu Bingxiang. "Good Degree Reduction of Rational Bezie Curves in L=Norm." In 2013 Fifth International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2013.228.

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Shi, Mao. "Degree Reduction of Classic Disk Rational Bézier Curves in L2 Norm." In 2015 14th International Conference on Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics (CAD/Graphics). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cadgraphics.2015.36.

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Harrison, Michael, and Josef Schicho. "Rational parametrisation for degree 6 Del Pezzo surfaces using lie algebras." In the 2006 international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1145768.1145794.

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Di Paola, Mario, Francesco P. Pinnola, and Pol D. Spanos. "Analysis of multi-degree-of-freedom systems with fractional derivative elements of rational order." In 2014 International Conference on Fractional Differentiation and its Applications (ICFDA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfda.2014.6967364.

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Iino, Kenji, and Douglass J. Wilde. "Subdivision of Triangular Bézier Patches Into Rectangular Bézier Patches." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0099.

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Abstract We propose an algorithm to decompose a triangular Bézier patch (integral or rational) into three non-degenerate rational rectangular Bézier patches of the same degree. This allows the treatment of a triangular patch as a collection of three rational rectangular patches.
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Teixeira, Rodrigo E., and Richard S. Graham. "Rational Design of Novel Materials From Polymer Microrheology." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25068.

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The visco-elastic properties of entangled polymer liquids arise from molecular-scale topological interactions and stochastic fluctuations under flow. Here, the evolutions of individual entangled polymers were observed in rheologically relevant shear flow histories. We uncover a high degree of molecular individualism and broad conformational distributions resulting from incessant stretch-collapse cycles. The data and insights of the present study may lead to improved molecular-level models and constitutive equations. These tools, in turn, may enable the rational design of novel materials with properties tailored to accomplish specific tasks such as high-pressure vessels and piping with greater safety margins and cost-effectiveness.
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Reports on the topic "Rational degree"

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Bizer, Kilian, and Martin Führ. Responsive Regulierung für den homo oeconomicus institutionalis – Ökonomische Verhaltenstheorie in der Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.393379529x.

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The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In both disciplines, this paradigm calls for an examination of the relationship between the purpose-means-relations: among the design options under consideration, the one must be selected that is expected to be as (freedom- or resource-) sparing as possible, in other words, the most "waste-free" solution to the control problem.The results of the economic analysis can thus be "translated" in such a way that, within the framework of "necessity", they support the search for control instruments that are equivalent to the objective but less disruptive. supports. The core of the positive economic analysis is the motivational situation of those actors whose behavior is to be influenced by a changed legal framework. In this context, the classical behavioral model of economics proved to be too limited. It therefore had to be developed further in line with the findings of research in institutional economics into homo oeconomicus institutionalis. This behavioral model takes into account not only the consequentialist, strictly situational utility orientation of the model person, but also other factors influencing behavior, including above all those that are institutionally mediated. If one takes the motivational situation of the actors as the starting point for policy-advising design recommendations, it becomes apparent that an understanding of governance dominated by imperative behavioral specifications leads to less favorable results, both in terms of the degree to which goals are achieved and in terms of the freedom-impairing effects, than a mixed-instrument approach oriented toward the model of "responsive regulation." According to this model, the law can no longer simply assume that those subject to the law will "obediently" execute the legal commands. It must ask itself what other factors determine behavior and under what boundary conditions changes can be expected in the direction of the desired behavior. For this reason, too, it must engage with the cognitive program of the behavioral sciences. This linkage opens up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the consequences of laws.
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Gelb, Jr., Jack, Yoram Weisman, Brian Ladman, and Rosie Meir. Identification of Avian Infectious Brochitis Virus Variant Serotypes and Subtypes by PCR Product Cycle Sequencing for the Rational Selection of Effective Vaccines. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586470.bard.

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Objectives 1. Determine the serotypic identities of 40 recent IBV isolates from commercial chickens raised in the USA and Israel. 2. Sequence all IBV field isolates using PCR product cycle sequencing and analyze their S 1 sequence to detennine their homology to other strains in the Genbank and EMBL databases. 3. Select vaccinal strains with the highest S 1 sequence homology to the field isolates and perform challenge of immunity studies in chickens in laboratory trials to detennine level of protection afforded by the vaccines. Background Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a common, economically important disease of the chicken. IB occurs as a respiratory form, associated with airsacculitis, condemnation, and mortality of meat-type broilers, a reproductive form responsible for egg production losses in layers and breeders, and a renal form causing high mortality in broilers and pullets. The causative agent is avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Replication of the virus' RNA genome is error-prone and mutations commonly result. A major target for mutation is the gene encoding the spike (S) envelope protein used by the virus to attach and infect the host cell. Mutations in the S gene result in antigenic changes that can lead to the emergence of variant serotypes. The S gene is able to tolerate numerous mutations without compromising the virus' ability to replicate and cause disease. An end result of the virus' "flexibility" is that many strains of IBV are capable of existing in nature. Once formed, new mutant strains, often referred to as variants, are soon subjected to immunological selection so that only the most antigenically novel variants survive in poultry populations. Many novel antigenic variant serotypes and genotypes have been isolated from commercial poultry flocks. Identification of the field isolates of IBV responsible for outbreaks is critical for selecting the appropriate strain(s) for vaccination. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the Sl subunit of the envelope spike glycoprotein gene has been a common method used to identify field strains, replacing other time-consuming or less precise tests. Two PCR approaches have been used for identification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct automated cycle sequence analysis of a diagnostically relevant hypervariab1e region were compared in our BARD research. Vaccination for IB, although practiced routinely in commercial flocks, is often not protective. Field isolates responsible for outbreaks may be unrelated to the strain(s) used in the vaccination program. However, vaccines may provide varying degrees of cross- protection vs. unrelated field strains so vaccination studies should be performed. Conclusions RFLP and S1 sequence analysis methods were successfully performed using the field isolates from the USA and Israel. Importantly, the S1 sequence analysis method enabled a direct comparison of the genotypes of the field strains by aligning them to sequences in public databases e.g. GenBank. Novel S1 gene sequences were identified in both USA and Israel IBVs but greater diversity was observed in the field isolates from the USA. One novel genotype, characterized in this project, Israel/720/99, is currently being considered for development as an inactivated vaccine. Vaccination with IBV strains in the US (Massachusetts, Arkansas, Delaware 072) or in Israel (Massachusetts, Holland strain) provided higher degrees of cross-protection vs. homologous than heterologous strain challenge. In many cases however, vaccination with two strains (only studies with US strains) produced reasonable cross-protection against heterologous field isolate challenge. Implications S1 sequence analysis provides numerical similarity values and phylogenetic information that can be useful, although by no means conclusive, in developing vaccine control strategies. Identification of many novel S1 genotypes of IBV in the USA is evidence that commercial flocks will be challenged today and in the future with strains unrelated to vaccines. In Israel, monitoring flocks for novel IBV field isolates should continue given the identification of Israel/720/99, and perhaps others in the future. Strains selected for vaccination of commercial flocks should induce cross- protection against unrelated genotypes. Using diverse genotypes for vaccination may result in immunity against unrelated field strains.
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Some complex approaches to training micro-cycles formation among cadetsweightlifters taking into account biotypes. Ilyas N. Ibragimov, Zinaida M. Kuznetsova, Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-39-46.

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Training cadets-weightlifters at all stages has a multipurpose orientation, that is why it is important to define and plan a rational combination of the training means use. Distribution of such micro structures in the cycle of training, as the days, months of training, provides effective volume, intensity and other values of physical load distribution. The structure of training cadets-weightlifters is based on taking into account the regularities and principles of sports training as the condition for physical readiness and working capacity increase. Any power oriented sports demands components characteristics in the structure of micro cycles. We consider the methodology of the training lessons organization by the example of the micro cycle of training taking into account bioenergetic profile of cadets-weightlifters. We revealed the necessity to distribute the macro cycle to structural components as the condition for the effectiveness of different variants of the training effects distribution. Materials and methods. We analyzed the range of training lessons among cadets-weightlifters in order to create the variants of gradual training problems solution according to the kinds of training. We analyzed training programs of cadets taking into consideration the level of readiness and their bioenergetic profiles. We created the content of the training work in the micro cycle of the preparatory period for cadets-weightlifters with different bioenergetic profiles. The main material of the research includes the ratio of the training effects volume in one micro cycle taking into account cadets’ bioenergetic profile. Cadets-weightlifters from Tyumen Higher Military-Engineering Command College (military Institute) took part in the research (Tyumen, Russia). Results. We created the content of the training work by the example of one micro cycle for cadets-weightlifters taking into account bioenergetic profile. The created variant of the training loads structure includes the main means of training taking into account the kind of training. Realization orientation in five regimens of work fulfillment with the effectiveness estimation of a total load within one lesson and a week in general is estimated according to a point system. Conclusion. The created variant of a micro cycle considers kinds of training realization taking into account the percentage of the ratio. Taking into account bioenergetic profiles helps to discuss strong and weak sides of muscle activity energy supply mechanisms. We consider the ability to fulfill a long-term aerobic load among the representatives of the 1st and the 2nd bioenergetic profiles. The representatives of the 3rd and the 4th biotype are inclined to fulfill the mixed load. The representatives of the 5th biotype are characterized by higher degree of anaerobic abilities demonstration. The technology of planning the means taking into account the regimens of work realization with point system helps to increase physical working capacity and rehabilitation processes in cadets’ organisms.
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