Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rational decision making

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rational decision making'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rational decision making"

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Walker, Antony. "Rational decision-making." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 99, no. 5 (May 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsbull.2017.175.

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Bhui, Rahul, Lucy Lai, and Samuel J. Gershman. "Resource-rational decision making." Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 41 (October 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.02.015.

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Mann, Richard P. "Collective decision making by rational individuals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 44 (October 15, 2018): E10387—E10396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811964115.

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The patterns and mechanisms of collective decision making in humans and animals have attracted both empirical and theoretical attention. Of particular interest has been the variety of social feedback rules and the extent to which these behavioral rules can be explained and predicted from theories of rational estimation and decision making. However, models that aim to model the full range of social information use have incorporated ad hoc departures from rational decision-making theory to explain the apparent stochasticity and variability of behavior. In this paper I develop a model of social information use and collective decision making by fully rational agents that reveals how a wide range of apparently stochastic social decision rules emerge from fundamental information asymmetries both between individuals and between the decision makers and the observer of those decisions. As well as showing that rational decision making is consistent with empirical observations of collective behavior, this model makes several testable predictions about how individuals make decisions in groups and offers a valuable perspective on how we view sources of variability in animal, and human, behavior.
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Askari, Gholamreza, and Madjid Eshaghi Gordji. "Decision Making: Rational Choice or Hyper-Rational Choice." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 8, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-638.

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In this paper, we provide an interpretation of the rationality in game theory in which player consider the profit or loss of the opponent in addition to personal profit at the game.‎ ‎‎The goal of a game analysis with two hyper-rationality players is to provide insight into real-world situations that are often more complex than a game with two rational players where the choices of strategy are only based on individual preferences. The hyper-rationality does not mean perfect rationality but an insight toward how human decision-makers behave in interactive decisions. ‎‎The findings of this research can help to enlarge our understanding of the psychological aspects of strategy choices in games and also provide an analysis of the decision-making process with cognitive economics approach at the same time.‎ ‎‎‎
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Saydullaev, Sirojiddin Rahmatullaevich. "DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM FOR THE RATIONAL USE OF WATER RESOURCES." Journal of Central Asian Social Research 01, no. 01 (August 15, 2020): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/jcass/volume01issue01-a6.

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The article presents a new theoretical basis for the development of software for optimal decision-making on water use. The advantages of using software for effective water use are highlighted, and a viable option for using the model for water use is highlighted. It also demonstrates how the software can be used in files in this area.
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Moser, Paul K., and D. Hudson Mulder. "PROBABILITY IN RATIONAL DECISION-MAKING." Philosophical Papers 23, no. 2 (August 1994): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05568649409506416.

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Verdaasdonk, Hugo. "Valuation as rational decision-making." Poetics 31, no. 5-6 (October 2003): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2003.09.002.

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Cabanac, Michel, and Marie-Claude Bonniot-Cabanac. "Decision making: rational or hedonic?" Behavioral and Brain Functions 3, no. 1 (2007): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-3-45.

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CHATTERJEE, Sidharta. "Choice That’s Rational." Journal of Research, Innovation and Technologies (JoRIT) 1, no. 1 (December 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.57017/jorit.v1.1(1).03.

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In this paper, it is about the axiomatic basis of rational choice theory - the theory that is behind making rational choice and decisions. To make rational choices, we would require thinking rationally and understanding the reason and logic behind what makes a choice rational, and how we need to choose rationally. Decisions are made under various circumstances, i.e., under risk, and often under compulsion. In social choice theory, decisions are made by different types of decision making entities, i.e., committees, groups, individuals and collective judgments by various types of organizations, etc. This paper highlights these issues and addresses the fundamental tenets of making rational choices by examining and following the previous workings of experts on this field. As such, it introduces a novel concept and the idea of Social Choice Rationality in choosing what’s rational.
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Chenger, Denise, George Jergeas, and Francis Hartman. "Executive-level Capital Project Decision Making: Rational or Rationale?" International Journal of Sustainability Policy and Practice 8, no. 3 (2013): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1166/cgp/v08i03/55388.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rational decision making"

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Kent, Charles Todd. "Politically rational foreign policy decision-making." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4371.

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This dissertation is an analysis of how presidents make foreign policy decisions. Rather than explaining foreign policy decisions by focusing on individuals or institutions, I stress the role of political pressures and context faced by presidents. It shows that foreign policy decisions are not merely a reaction to stimulus from the international or domestic arenas but involve political considerations that affect policy choice. The dynamic elements in the argument are political resources and risk. The relationship between the risk propensity of the president and presidential political resources provides an important link to understanding foreign policy decisions. Within the realm of good public policy, a politically rational president can choose to act or respond to foreign policy disputes in various ways, including diplomacy, political coercion, economic coercion, covert action, or military intervention, based on his assessment of the political context and his willingness to accept the associated risks. The level of presidential political resources determines the risk propensity of the president. Presidential foreign policy decisions will vary depending on the quantity of available political resources. Thus, understanding the risk propensity of the president increases our ability to explain foreign policy decisions. The contribution of this research is the identification of a mechanism for understanding how the interaction between the domestic and international political environments, and individual decision-makers influence foreign policy decisions. My research bridges the gap between structural theories, “theories that make predictions about foreign policy outcomes without reference to the cognition and actions of the actors themselves,” and decision-making theories that stress the role of the actors (Ikenberry 2002, 5). Although the component parts of the foreign policy decisionmaking system are widely known, we lack theories that tie the pieces together.
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Steele, Rachael Helen. "Deciding on crime? : rational vs. non-rational elements in offender decision making." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569518.

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This study examines the applicability of Rational Choice Theories of offending to offenders' actual offending experiences. The Rational Choice theoretical perspective is premised on the idea of the offender as a reasoning, decision-making individual who weighs up potential costs and benefits of a crime to achieve maximum utility. This approach to crime has been influential as part of the dominant ethos of the contemporary Criminal Justice system in England and Wales, and indeed the justice systems of most Western societies. This study relates the Rational Choice Theories of crime to individual offender experiences to investigate if such a process as a decision making calculus can be said to exist within the experience of offending individuals and if so, to explore any factors identified as affecting these decisions. Previous literature in the application of Rational Choice Theory to crime is reviewed, in particular the previous research that entailed interviews or direct observation of individuals concerning what happens when he or she is about to commit a crime. However the number of relevant studies undertaken with a sample of actual offenders rather than a student or other non offending population is small. Previous studies of this kind have tended to focus on a particular offence type, utilising for example all burglar or all shoplifter samples, and therefore results and conclusions reached by these studies can be difficult to generalise to other offence types, though there is some overlap in findings. Within the present study, in depth interviews were conduced with 46 offenders with a range of offending experiences. In this way, the study aimed to assess the applicability of the Rational Choice Theories to a range of offending decisions, bringing together different offences from shoplifting to violent assault. Women were deliberately oversampled relative to the percentage of women in the offending population in order to ensure a balanced viewpoint on decision making. In using a diverse sample group it was proposed that the concepts and ideas emerging from the diverse group could contribute to further development of the Rational Choice approach to crime. To support this theoretical development interview narrative was analysed using techniques adapted from Grounded Theory in order to identify the themes and concepts introduced by the offending individuals in relation to their experiences. In addition to the interviews, focus groups were conducted with a separate cohort of offenders and a cohort of experienced members of Probation Service staff in order to examine the prevalence of the themes emerging from the interviews. Offender narrative was also checked against an independent overview of the offending incident in question to establish the level of accuracy in terms of the observable facts of the offence. The results of this research suggest that there is some evidence that some offenders engage in a decision making processes prior to an offence, though evidence of rationality can be seen to vary both within and between individuals and within and between offence types. Where a decision making calculus was observed, several themes emerged from the narrative, including the bias towards focusing thought on potential positive outcomes, the relative lesser weighting of potential negative outcomes in the thought process, and the relative importance of informal sanctions over formal sanctions. The impact of alcohol and drugs was another emerging theme, with offenders describing their substance use as both an inhibiter, and enabler to their thinking processes. Further, an overarching theme to emerge was the evidence for two goal-regulation type processes identified by the offenders as the main motivator of their behaviour. The first of these is the desire to achieve a want or need through the commission of an offence, which tended to be associated with acquisitive category offences (shoplifting, burglary etc) and the second being to avoid or gain relief from an unpleasant affective state or situation, which tended to be associated with affective or expressive offences. However, despite these process -offence type associations there were once again variances observed within individuals and within offence types. That is, an individual could be seen as offending based on both goal types at different times, and even offence types that appear similar can be a result of different goal seeking processes. Suggestions are made as to how the findings and conclusions of this study fit with, and allow development of existing Rational Choice approaches to crime, and advocate the use of the developed Rational Choice Approach as a tool for the study of individual thinking in the period surrounding an offence. A 'Decision Structure' model based on this developed Rational Choice approach is described, with emphasis on the personal, social and motivational factors present at the time of the offence, providing a framework for exploring the offending decision. Implications of this 'Decision Structure' model on the study of offending and on working with offenders are suggested, and ideas for further studies are presented.
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Nilsson, Edward. "Rational decision making. : Differences between managers and entrepreneurs." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33606.

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Luck, Christopher. "Intuitive and rational approaches to decision making in education." Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5749.

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The key question that this research focuses on is: How do head teachers make decisions? In addition, there are a range of sub questions that are worthy of consideration within the remit of this study. What strategies do head teachers use in making decisions? How do factors such as accountability, metrics, complexity and uncertainty affect decision making? What is the impact of experience on decision making? Does increased accountability lead to a greater choice of rational or intuitive decision making strategies? To what extent do head teachers rely on their "gut feelings" in making decisions? What mix of rational and intuitive strategies do head teachers use in making decisions and do head teachers make use of their staff to explore different perceptions and frames? In considering what is the best research approach to answer these questions, reference can be made to a new branch of research known as Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) which has arisen over the past fifteen years. The proponents of NDM have questioned both the application and validity of the rational methods. One of the major proponents of this approach is Gary Klein who has undertaken research into decision making within a wide range of professional domains such as fire fighting, health and the armed forces. His research (1999) suggests that, in real life situations, experts employ a range of strategies very different from the oft espoused rational models of decision making. Instead they habitually use strategies that rely very heavily on domain specific knowledge developed through extensive experience. They do not involve the generation of alternative options but rather use perception and mental simulations, for example, as tools for decision making. The decision making strategies that experts employ mark them out from novices and can perhaps give us an insight into the acquisition of expertise. In this thesis the application of NDM to the work of primary head teachers will be considered. In chapter one the relationship between education leadership, accountability and decision making will be explored making reference to the many changes that have influenced and created the current educational context. The extent to which decision making strategies may be influenced by the context in which they are made will also be considered. In chapter two an overview of theoretical approaches to decision making will be provided, drawing out the many distinctions between rationalistic methods and what can be termed "intuitive" methods such as those "discovered" by NDM. The relationship and tension between rationalistic and intuitive approaches to decision making will be considered. This will involve exploring the well worn battleground between these two age old competing ideologies within Western civilisation: "Traditionally, two forms of cognition analysis and intuition have been distinguished. This sharp dichotomy was made early; indeed, it is as old as the history of thought. Plato, Aristotle, Hume, and Kant all recognized that the difference between the two forms of cognition is fundamental. Even today, almost every study of human judgment employs these concepts, implicitly or explicitly" (Hammond, 1996, p.60). A definition of "intuitive" and "rational" will be provided in this chapter and will be used throughout the thesis to highlight the differences between these two approaches. Chapter three will give a detailed account and critique of the work of Gary Klein discussing the model of decision making he has developed and his ideas on recognition, mental simulations, stories, decisions within teams and decision making mistakes. Chapters four and five will consider research methodology and the practical application of research to this thesis. Details of how the research was conducted, head teachers recruited and interviewed and basic data analysis will be described. Chapter six will provide a quantitative analysis of the interview data to provide the reader with a context for understanding and judging the research findings. Chapter seven is at the heart of this research project. Here the qualitative analysis of the research data will be outlined using substantial quotations from the interview transcripts to enhance credibility and ensure that the findings are truly grounded in the research evidence. Issues such as accountability, working with staff and, most importantly, head teachers' preferred decision making styles will be discussed and illuminated. Chapter eight will then summarise the main findings of the research and discuss possible implications arising from the findings including a description of decision making to aid our understanding of this subject. A postscript will retrospectively consider the work of Klein in the light of this research as well as provide a reflection on the research process.
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Monk, Derek. "Investment in training : a matter for rational decision making?" Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2002. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1740/.

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Vocational training has attracted increasing attention over the past two decades both in theoretical and policy terms. This study set out to raise questions about the management of such training. Evidence from previous work suggests that policy makers responsible for training are faced with exogenous forces that make decision making prone to irrational choices. This study attempts to fill the gap in research on post entry screening by examining a series of longitudinal data. The approach has been through the use of interviews with trainees from selected industries (British Gas, the football industry and the provision of a public library service). Between them, these industries represent a large cross section of the British economy. British Gas is an example of a former nationalised industry that has been subsequently privatised. By contrast, the football industry is(and always has been) in private "hands". Finally, this study examined the provision of ICT training given to public library service personnel in both the UK and Finland. The aim, in all cases, was to assess whether resources devoted to training were used efficiently. A second aim was to locate the findings in the context of a debate between the neoclassical school of economic analysis and its institutional rival, especially Internal Labour Market theory. The evidence suggests that institutional theory explains post entry progression better than its neoclassical rival. Furthermore, the research also concludes that managers charged with the task of implementing training schemes frequently do not evaluate them and as a consequence, the stated aims of organisations' training strategies are not realised. This situation is likely to continue unless more thought is given to the issue of monitoring training carefully both at a micro and macro level. Ultimately, this research demonstrates that industry-wide (or macroeconomic) policies designed to increase employees' skills do not necessarily result in the desired gains at a local (or microeconomic) level.
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Pengelly, M. "Principled decision-making for tutoring : a rational construction of planning and decision-making from instructional principles." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235986.

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Holmes, Mark Edward, and n/a. "Fraud against governments in Australia : reviewing rational and political decision making processes." University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.150531.

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Steer, Mark D. "Rational decision-making : the consequences of following simple learning rules." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442209.

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Ngangoue, Kathleen Maryse. "Decision-Making in Markets." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18653.

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Diese Dissertation erforscht, auf welchen unterschiedlichen Wegen Informationsverarbeitung Investitionsentscheidungen beeinflusst. Auf der Basis kontrollierter Laborexperimente wird untersucht, wie Entscheidungen mit der Art der Information sowie mit dem Entscheidungskontext variieren. Im ersten Kapitel legt ein Experiment die Schwierigkeit mit hypothetischem Denken bzw. mit dem Lernen aus hypothetischen Ereignissen offen. Im Kapitel Zwei untersucht ein anderes Experiment, wie Informationsverarbeitung die Reaktionen der Investoren auf Ambiguität verändert, denn ein eindeutiges, optimales Lernverhalten gibt es unter Ambiguität nicht. Das letzte Kapitel stellt anhand desselben Experiments die Unabhängigkeit zwischen dem Lernprozess und den Risikopräferenzen in Frage.
This dissertation investigates various channels through which information processing affects investment decisions. Controlled laboratory experiments allow for studying how subjects’ decisions vary with the type of information and the decision-context. The experiment in the first chapter discloses the difficulty with contingent reasoning, i.e. learning from hypothetical events. A different experiment in Chapter Two analyzes how information processing changes investors’ reactions to ambiguity—an environment with multiple rational learning rules. Using the same experiment, the last chapter questions the independence between belief updating and risk preferences.
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Kotelba, A. (Adrian). "Theory of rational decision-making and its applications to adaptive transmission." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526202044.

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Abstract In this thesis, adaptive transmission power control algorithms for reliable communication in channels with state are explored and further developed. In channels with state, strict adherence to Shannon-sense capacity may lead to very conservative system designs. In many practical systems, error-free communication is not required because these systems can cope with decoding errors. These considerations give rise to other information-theoretic notions where the rate of reliable communications is considered a random variable which depends not only on the statistical properties of the channel but also on the adaptive transmission strategy. Numerous studies on adaptive transmission in channels with state have already been conducted using expected value of communication rate or information outage probability as the relevant performance metrics. However, these metrics, although intuitively pleasing, have usually been introduced without rigorous justification. This thesis contributes to the state of the art in a number of ways. These include the development of new conceptual viewpoints on performance assessment of adaptive communication systems in channels with state as well as a new set of adaptive transmission power control algorithms. In particular, the models and methods of rational decision theory are introduced and systematically used in developing a unified framework for analysis and optimization of adaptive transmission in channels with state. The proposed framework properly addresses the limitation of finite coding length, takes into account the decision maker's preferences, considers uncertainties relevant in a given decision, and determines the optimal decision by maximizing some numerical index. A central finding of the theoretical studies is that many of the previously proposed performance metrics can be rigorously justified within the newly proposed framework. In addition, adaptive transmission power control in parallel Gaussian channels is considered with the aim of obtaining new classes of algorithms. The safety-first approach, risk theory, and expected utility theory are applied to derive novel transmission power control algorithms. The performance of the proposed power control algorithms is evaluated by computer simulations and compared against the performance of some other well-known algorithms
Tiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan ja kehitetään edelleen adaptiivisia lähettimen tehonsäätöalgoritmeja luotettavaan tietoliikenteeseen kanavissa, joilla on tila. Tällaisissa kanavissa Shannonin määrittelemän kapasiteetin tiukka noudattaminen saattaa johtaa konservatiivisiin järjestelmiin. Monissa käytännön järjestelmissä virheetöntä tiedonsiirtoa ei vaadita, koska niissä voidaan helposti selviytyä dekoodausvirheistä. Nämä pohdinnat johtavat toisenlaisiin informaatioteoreettisiin näkökulmiin, joissa luotettavan tietoliikenteen nopeutta pidetään satunnaismuuttujana, joka ei riipu ainoastaan kanavan tilastollisista ominaisuuksista vaan myös adaptiivisesta lähetysstrategiasta. Adaptiivisesta siirrosta kanavissa, joilla on tila, on jo tehty lukuisia tutkimuksia käyttäen tietoliikennenopeuden odotusarvoa tai informaation katkostodennäköisyyttä asiaankuuluvina suorituskykymittareina. Näitä mittareita on käytetty tavallisesti ilman tarkkaa perustelua, vaikka ne ovat intuitiivisesti houkuttelevia. Tämä väitöskirja tuottaa uusia tuloksia alan kehityksen nykytasoon monella tavalla. Näihin kuuluvat uudet käsitteelliset näkökulmat adaptiivisten tietoliikennejärjestelmien suorituskyvyn arviointiin kanavissa, joilla on tila, sekä uusi joukko adaptiivisia tehonsäätöalgoritmeja. Erityisesti rationaalisen päätöksenteon malleja ja menetelmiä on otettu käyttöön systemaattisesti kehitettäessä yhtenäistä puitetta adaptiivisen siirron analyysiin ja optimointiin kanavissa, joilla on tila. Ehdotettu puite arvioi asianmukaisesti äärellisen koodauspituuden rajoitusta, ottaa huomioon päätöksentekijän mieltymykset, tarkastelee määrättyyn päätökseen liittyviä oleellisia epävarmuuksia ja määrittää optimaalisen päätöksen maksimoimalla jonkin numeerisen päätösmuuttujan. Keskeinen löytö on se, että monet aikaisemmin ehdotetut suorituskykymittarit voidaan perustella tarkasti uuden, tässä ehdotetun puitteen sisällä. Lisäksi tarkastellaan adaptiivista lähettimen tehonsäätöä rinnakkaisissa Gaussin jakaumaa noudattavissa kanavissa. Tavoitteena on saada aikaan uusia lähettimen tehonsäätöalgoritmien luokkia. Turvallisuus ensin -lähestymistapaa, riskiteoriaa ja odotetun hyödyn teoriaa sovelletaan uusien lähettimen tehonsäätöalgoritmien johtamiseen. Ehdotettujen tehonsäätöalgoritmien suorituskykyä on mitattu tietokonesimuloinneilla ja verrattu joidenkin muiden hyvin tunnettujen algoritmien suorituskykyyn
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Books on the topic "Rational decision making"

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Eisenführ, Franz, Martin Weber, and Thomas Langer. Rational Decision Making. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02851-9.

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1901-1984, Friedrich Carl J., ed. Rational decision. New Brunswick, U.S.A: AldineTransaction, 2007.

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Baron, Jonathan. Morality and rational choice. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.

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Sarah, Keast, ed. Rational decision making for managers: An introduction. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

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Marwala, Tshilidzi. Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Rational Decision Making. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11424-8.

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Mary, Zey, ed. Decision making: Alternatives to rational choice models. Newbury Park, Calif: Sage, 1992.

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Furrer, Werner. Rational entscheiden: Ein Abriss über Denken und Handeln. Basel: INFO-LOG, 1988.

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Dawes, Robyn M. Rational choice in an uncertain world. Edited by Kagan Jerome. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988.

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Interweavement: International media ethics and rational decision-making. New York: Custom Pub., 2008.

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Rao, Goutham. Rational medical decision making: A case-based approach. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rational decision making"

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Grünig, Rudolf, and Richard Kühn. "Rational decisions." In Successful Decision-making, 29–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00854-2_4.

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Grünig, Rudolf, and Richard Kühn. "Rational Decision-Making." In Successful Decision-Making, 23–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32307-2_4.

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Grünig, Rudolf, and Richard Kühn. "Rational Decision-Making." In Solving Complex Decision Problems, 25–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53814-2_4.

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van Putten, Michel J. A. M. "Rational Decision Making." In Series in Biomedical Engineering, 201–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69890-6_11.

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Adler, Richard M. "Rational Decision-Making." In Bending the Law of Unintended Consequences, 63–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32714-9_5.

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Eisenführ, Franz, Martin Weber, and Thomas Langer. "What decision analysis is about." In Rational Decision Making, 1–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02851-9_1.

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Eisenführ, Franz, Martin Weber, and Thomas Langer. "Decision under risk: incomplete information and multiple objectives." In Rational Decision Making, 291–322. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02851-9_10.

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Eisenführ, Franz, Martin Weber, and Thomas Langer. "Time preferences under certain expectations." In Rational Decision Making, 323–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02851-9_11.

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Eisenführ, Franz, Martin Weber, and Thomas Langer. "Group decisions." In Rational Decision Making, 345–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02851-9_12.

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Eisenführ, Franz, Martin Weber, and Thomas Langer. "Descriptive aspects of decision making." In Rational Decision Making, 371–427. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02851-9_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rational decision making"

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Maes, Marc A., Michael H. Faber, and Sherif S. Abdelatif. "Consequence and Utility Modeling in Rational Decision Making." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51511.

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Offshore design and risk assessment are typically marked by far-reaching choices and important one-time decisions. Decision analysis involving large structures, sensitive environments, and difficult operations, requires a very careful formulation of utility and consequences. It is shown in this paper that one of the most important shortcomings of such analyses stems from an incomplete definition of the system, and from the failure to include various “follow-up” consequences. “Follow-up” consequences are, generally speaking, triggered by extreme losses, such as excessive business losses, consequences from unexpected cascade effects, collateral and indirect losses, or other intangible losses. The non-inclusion of such losses occurs either voluntarily or involuntarily. Often the identification and the valuation of follow-up consequences can be prohibitively difficult. For such cases, it is possible to use a simple model based on risk aversion to the consequences associated with extreme discrete hazards during the lifetime of a system. This model is developed in the framework of a lifecycle utility optimization. To add practical value to this model, we also introduce the concept of a Bayesian updating of utility functions. Since utility functions are all about expressing the preferences of expert decision makers, we refer to the Bayesian parameters as “preference” parameters. The paper shows that the approaches developed lead to better and more risk-consistent decision making. An illustrative example is given in the paper, highlighting the significance of the findings.
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Öztopçu, Aslı. "The Role of Emotions in Economic Decision Making." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02259.

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Decision making points out to the consequences of past or future behaviors. An individual has to make decisions on all subjects throughout his life. An important part of these decisions are economic decisions. Individuals make decisions such as renting, buying, buying new goods, migrating, changing jobs, making investments, enterprise, choosing holidays, evaluating savings. Non-rational decisions are observed although individuals should make rational decision, according to mainstream economics. In this study, the effects of the emotions that form the basis of psychology, such as time, option constraint, opportunities, risk taking, risk aversion, procrastination, rush, or uncertainty, inconsistency, intuitive movement, cognitive error in the decision-making process of individuals are discussed. For this purpose, the characteristics of decision-making process, individual effects of cognitive of emotions, individual decision making theorems in economic theory and behavioral economics literature are mentioned. It is thought that the role of emotions that shape behaviors should be known in the regulation of economic life that is determined according to human behavior.
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Seo, Hyunjin, and Stuart Thorson. "Computable Approaches to Rational Choice and Decision-Making." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2021.171.

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Young, R. M. "Rational and symbolic models of decision making in task-oriented exploration." In IEE Colloquium on Decision Making and Problem Solving. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19971227.

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VanZandt, Lonnie. "Enabling rational decision making with provenance-annotated OSLC relationships." In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering (ISSE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/syseng.2015.7302780.

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Fonooni, Benjamin. "Rational-Emotional Agent Decision Making Algorithm Design with OWA." In 19th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence(ICTAI 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictai.2007.123.

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Ljubaj, Ivica, Tomislav Josip Mlinarić, Slavko Vesković, and Dušan Jeremić. "The architecture of decision-making support systems used for the rational railway capacity management." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1179.

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Decision-making support systems in railway transport are systems that make it easier for traffic controllers and dispatchers involved in the regulation of train traffic to make individual decisions more easily and accurately. Without such systems, dispatchers usually make decisions based on previous experiences and feelings they have developed working in train traffic control. However, quality decision-making support systems are based on large amounts of data processed by one or several different artificial intelligence techniques. This paper will examine the architecture of such a system in railway transport, which helps the dispatcher to make decisions based on different criteria and values of individual criteria. The architecture of this decision-making support system has been developed to equal or, if necessary, use the maximum available double-track railway line capacity to resolve delays caused by lack of capacity for any given route. This system has been developed for the specific configuration of a double track, whereby each track is intended for one direction of train traffic. This paper will lay the foundation for understanding decision-making support systems and for the development of a specific model of decision-making support system in practice.
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Shan-Shan, Zhong. "A Bid Decision-Making Method Based on Group Rational Behavior." In 2009 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2009.832.

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Kondratenko, Yuriy, Galyna Kondratenko, and Ievgen Sidenko. "Multi-criteria decision making for selecting a rational IoT platform." In 2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Dependable Systems, Services and Technologies (DESSERT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dessert.2018.8409117.

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Li, Jian-biao, Long Ju, Guang-rong Wang, and Peng Fu. "Rational Conformity in Sequential Decision-Making: An Experiment of Information Cascades." In 2009 WRI World Congress on Software Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcse.2009.132.

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Reports on the topic "Rational decision making"

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Sotnik, Garry. SOSIEL: A Cognitive, Multi-Agent, and Knowledge-Based Platform for Modeling Boundedly-Rational Decision-Making. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6123.

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David, Gabrielle, D. Somerville, Julia McCarthy, Spencer MacNeil, Faith Fitzpatrick, Ryan Evans, and David Wilson. Technical guide for the development, evaluation, and modification of stream assessment methods for the Corps Regulatory Program. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42182.

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The U.S. Army Corps Regulatory Program considers the loss (impacts) and gain (compensatory mitigation) of aquatic resource functions as part of Clean Water Act Section 404 permitting and compensatory mitigation decisions. To better inform this regulatory decision-making, the Regulatory Program needs transparent and objective approaches to assess the function and condition of aquatic resources, including streams. Therefore, the Regulatory Program needs function-based stream assessments (1) to characterize a stream’s condition or function, (2) to improve understanding of the impact of a proposed action on an aquatic resource, and/or (3) to inform the development of stream compensatory mitigation tools rooted in stream condition and/or function. A function-based stream assessment can provide regulatory decision makers with the resources to objectively consider alternatives, minimize impacts, assess unavoidable impacts, determine mitigation requirements, and monitor the success of mitigation projects. A multiagency National Committee on Stream Assessment (NCSA) convened to create these guidelines to inform the development of new methods and evaluation of both national-level and regional methods currently in use. The resulting guidelines present nine phases, including rationale and recommendations to facilitate work efforts. The NCSA hopes that this technical guide promotes transparency, technical defensibility, and consistent application of stream assessments in the Regulatory Program.
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Janowiak, Maria, Daniel Dostie, Michael Wilson, Michael Kucera, Howard Skinner, Jerry Hatfield, David Hollinger, and Christopher Swanston. Adaptation Resources for Agriculture: Responding to Climate Variability and Change in the Midwest and Northeast. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6960275.ch.

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Changes in climate and extreme weather are already increasing challenges for agriculture nationally and globally, and many of these impacts will continue into the future. This technical bulletin contains information and resources designed to help agricultural producers, service providers, and educators in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the United States integrate climate change considerations and action-oriented decisions into existing farm and conservation plans. An Adaptation Workbook provides producers a flexible, structured process to identify and assess climate change impacts, challenges, opportunities, and farm-level adaptation tactics and continuously evaluate adaptation actions for improving responses to extreme and uncertain conditions. A synthesis of Adaptation Strategies and Approaches serves as a “menu” of potential responses organized to provide a clear rationale for making decisions by connecting planned actions to broad adaptation concepts. Responses address both short- and long-range timeframes and extend from incremental adjustments of existing practices to major alterations that transform the entire farm operation. Example adaptation tactics—prescriptive actions for agricultural production systems common in the region—for each approach guide producers, service providers, and educators to develop appropriate responses for their farms and location. Four Adaptation Examples demonstrate how these adaptation process resources are used.
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Johnson, Corey, Colton James, Sarah Traughber, and Charles Walker. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Implications in Neostigmine versus Sugammadex. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0005.

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Purpose/Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent complaint in the postoperative period, which can delay discharge, result in readmission, and increase cost for patients and facilities. Inducing paralysis is common in anesthesia, as is utilizing the drugs neostigmine and sugammadex as reversal agents for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. Many studies are available that compare these two drugs to determine if neostigmine increases the risk of PONV over sugammadex. Sugammadex has a more favorable pharmacologic profile and may improve patient outcomes by reducing PONV. Methods: This review included screening a total of 39 studies and peer-reviewed articles that looked at patients undergoing general anesthesia who received non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers requiring either neostigmine or sugammadex for reversal, along with their respective PONV rates. 8 articles were included, while 31 articles were removed based on our exclusion criteria. These were published between 2014 and 2020 exclusively. The key words used were “neostigmine”, “sugammadex”, “PONV”, along with combinations “paralytic reversal agents and PONV”. This search was performed on the scholarly database MEDLINE. The data items were PONV rates in neostigmine group, PONV rates in sugammadex group, incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in neostigmine group, and incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in sugammadex group. Results: Despite numerical differences being noted in the incidence of PONV with sugammadex over reversal with neostigmine, there did not appear to be any statistically significant data in the multiple peer-reviewed trials included in our review, for not one of the 8 studies concluded that there was a higher incidence of PONV in one drug or the other of an y clinical relevance. Although the side-effect profile tended to be better in the sugammadex group than neostigmine in areas other than PONV, there was not sufficient evidence to conclude that one drug was superior to the other in causing a direct reduction of PONV. Implications for Nursing Practice: There were variable but slight differences noted between both drug groups in PONV rates, but it remained that none of the studies determined it was statically significant or clinically conclusive. This review did, however, note other advantages to sugammadex over neostigmine, including its pharmacologic profile of more efficiently reversing non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs and its more favorable pharmacokinetics. This lack of statistically significant evidence found within these studies consequentially does not support pharmacologic decision-making of one drug in favor of the other for reducing PONV; therefore, PONV alone is not a sufficient rationale for a provider to justify using one reversal over another at the current time until further research proves otherwise.
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Evidence Synthesis and Meta-Analysis for Drug Safety. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.56759/lela7055.

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At any point in the drug development process, systematic reviews and meta-analysis can provide important information to guide the future path of the development programme and any actions that might be needed in the post-marketing setting. This report gives the rationale for why and when a meta-analysis should be considered, all in the context of regulatory decision-making, and the tasks, data collection, and analyses that need to be carried out to inform those decisions. -- There is increasing demand by decision-makers in health care, the biopharmaceutical industry, and society at large to have access to the best available evidence on benefits and risks of medicinal products. The best strategy will take an overview of all the evidence and where it is possible and sensible, combine the evidence and summarize the results. For efficacy, the outcomes generally use the same or very similar predefined events for each of the trials to be included. Most regulatory guidance and many Cochrane Collaboration reviews have usually given more attention to assessment of benefits, while issues around combining evidence on harms have not been as well-covered. However, the (inevitably) unplanned nature of the data on safety makes the process more difficult. -- Combining evidence on adverse events (AEs), where these were not the focus of the original studies, is more challenging than combining evidence on pre-specified benefits. This focus on AEs represents the main contribution of the current CIOMS X report. The goal of the CIOMS X report is to provide principles on appropriate application of meta-analysis in assessing safety of pharmaceutical products to inform regulatory decision-making. This report is about meta-analysis in this narrow area, but the present report should also provide conceptually helpful points to consider for a wider range of applications, such as vaccines, medical devices, veterinary medicines or even products that are combinations of medicinal products and medical devices. -- Although some of the content of this report describes highly technical statistical concepts and methods (in particular Chapter 4), the ambition of the working group has been to make it comprehensible to non-statisticians for its use in clinical epidemiology and regulatory science. To that end, Chapters 3 and 4, which contain the main technical statistical aspects of the appropriate design, analysis and reporting of a meta-analysis of safety data are followed by Chapter 5 with a thought process for evaluating the findings of a meta-analysis and how to communicate these.
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