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Boschiroli, Maria, Christoph Fünfzig, Lucia Romani, and Gudrun Albrecht. "G1 rational blend interpolatory schemes: A comparative study." Graphical Models 74, no. 1 (January 2012): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gmod.2011.11.002.
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Kieush, Lina, Andrii Koveria, Johannes Schenk, Kanay Rysbekov, Vasyl Lozynskyi, Heng Zheng, and Azamat Matayev. "Investigation into the Effect of Multi-Component Coal Blends on Properties of Metallurgical Coke via Petrographic Analysis under Industrial Conditions." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 9947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169947.
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The coalification rank of the coal blend components and their caking properties initially impact the coke’s quality. In part, the quality of coke depends on the technological parameters of the coke production technology, such as the method of blend preparation, the coking condition, the design features of the coke ovens, and the technique used for post-oven treatment. Therefore, to improve the coke quality, the main attention is paid to the quality of the coal blend. The petrographic analysis is the simplest and most reliable way to control coal quality indicators under industrial conditions. In this paper, the effect of nine industrial blends on coke quality using petrographic analysis has been studied. Additionally, this paper addresses the efficient use of coals and the preparation of coal mixtures under industrial conditions, which contributes to the sustainability of cokemaking. For the preparation of blends, 17 coals were used, for which, in addition to petrographic and proximate analyzes, the maximum thickness of the plastic layer was determined. Industrially produced cokes were analyzed for coke reactivity index (CRI), coke strength after reaction with CO2 (CSR), and Micum indices (M25 and M10). It has been established that the petrographic properties of coal blends are reliable parameters for assessing the quality of coke under conditions of an unstable raw material base, multi-component blends, and changes in coking regimes. Moreover, the research results have shown that to ensure the rational use of coals in the preparation of coal blends to achieve the required coke quality and consequently the sustainability of cokemaking, it is necessary to consider not only the mean reflectance of vitrinite but the proximate and caking properties of coals.
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Іскандаров, Р. Ш., Н. В. Сова, Д. В. Пушкарьов, Б. С. Дебелий, and Б. М. Савченко. "Вплив орієнтаційного витягування на властивості сумішей поліефірів ПЕТg/ПЕТ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 138, no. 5 (February 3, 2020): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2019.5.15.
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Rational conditions for orientational drawing of PETg/PET polyester blend during processing into tape products are established. Tensile strength and elongation at break for all test specimens were determined according to ISO 527-2: 2012. Tensile modulus - ISO 527-1: 2019, specimen density - PN-EN ISO 1183-1, change of linear dimensions of specimens - ISO 16012: 2015. It was found that the introduction of PET into PETg leads to an increase in tensile strength of the blend, which is probably due to the process of orientational crystallization of PET. When the orientations are higher than 5.5 times in the PETg /PET mixtures, cavitation foaming occurs, which leads to a decrease in the blend density, its turbidity and a decrease in tensile strength. Blends with a high content of PETg have a significant thermal shrinkage, which should be taken into account when processing and applying these polymers. Physical and mechanical properties of PETg/PET polyesters blend with different ratio in the process of orientational stretching are established. The tensile strength increases with the increase drawing ratio for blends with high PET content due to its orientation crystallization. The phenomenon of cavitation foaming in polyester blend with draw ratio more than 5.5 times is found, which is accompanied by a decrease in the density of the samples and their tensile strength. Presence of PETg in PET matrix decrease tensile strength and elongation and significantly increase thermal shrinkage. Low elongation at break found for PETg/PET blend specimen without orientation which increases dramatically with low draw ratios and then decrease with higher drawing ratio. The technological modes of realization of cavitation foaming for the PETg/PET mixture at orientation drawing ratio above 5.5 due to the different phase structure of the components of the mixtures have been established. The introduction of PETg into PET leads to a significant increase in thermal shrinkage and reduces the physical and mechanical performance of oriented products.
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Krasauskas, Rimvydas. "Branching blend of natural quadrics based on surfaces with rational offsets." Computer Aided Geometric Design 25, no. 4-5 (May 2008): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cagd.2007.11.005.
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Wang, Rui, Xianglei Song, Shanjian Liu, and Zhuwei Liu. "Research on Co-Combustion Behaviors of Binary and Ternary Blends of Coal, Walnut Shell, and Biochar by TGA." Processes 10, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10112264.
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In this paper, the co-combustion behavior of the walnut shell, biochar, and coal, and the respective binary and ternary blends were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in the oxy-fuel atmosphere (21% O2/79% CO2). The combustion reactivity of coal was similar to biochar but lower than that of the walnut shell. The presence of the walnut shell improved the combustion performance of coal and biochar. The interaction between only biochar and coal was inhibited in the binary blends. The presence of the walnut shell in the ternary blend covered up the inhibition between biochar and coal. The average activation energy of each sample was obtained using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) kinetic models. The results of this study provide a reference for the rational utilization of biomass and biochar and the practical improvement of the thermal conversion efficiency of coal.
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MOHD LIP, NORLIANA, and NUR RASYIDA MOHD RASHID. "FEEDING BLEND OPTIMIZATION FOR LIVESTOCK BY USING GOAL PROGRAMMING APPROACH." MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING 5, no. 2 (August 3, 2020): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjoc.v5i2.8943.
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Livestock feed blend formulation is an important process in livestock industry. This process will help the livestock industry nowadays to keep providing continuous supply of animal protein food to cater for the expanding and increasing demand as Malaysia is undergoing a rapid growth in economic and human population. The formulation of feed blend involves multiple objectives to be achieved through the decision making process. In this project, Goal Programming (GP) method is used to formulate the livestock feed blend for a farm situated in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. This method is an approach of assisting the decision makers to solve multiple objectives for livestock feed blend in determining an optimal combination of ingredients to meet the nutritional requirements. This will lead to a rational use of available resources by minimizing the production cost and maximizing the nutritional value required for the growth of livestock. The nutrition for the livestock is dry matter (DM), metabolism energy (ME), crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF). Then, the preemptive model is tested using LINGO software and the results have been validated by using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). All of the multiple objectives have been fully achieved which represents the ability of the goal programming model to comply with optimizing the feed blend formulation.
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Förster, Sonja, and Philipp Bubenzer. "Chasing A Moving Target: Using Design Thinking to Blend Rational and Foolish Problem-Solving." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 16514. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.16514abstract.
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Zhao, Zhi Qing, and Li Tao. "Differences of Philosophy and Culture between Chinese and Western Reflected in Construction." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1533.
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Globalization had the great influence on architectural culture. Rational and fighting spirit, the individual and subject consciousness, religion and willpower of Western culture were represented on buildings. And Confucianism and Taoism, with other various internal and foreign Buddhist, complement each other, became the main line of ancient China thought, were penetrated and cohered in all aspects of Chinese buildings. In the globalized world, the architect should explore the rational core and objective laws of architectural development, and consciously promote the continuous development of traditional regional architecture, activate special cultural value of regional architecture. Based on the absorption, blend and innovation of both ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign architectural excellence culture, the Chinese architectural culture will be full of vitality.
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Viscusi, W. Kip, and Richard J. Zeckhauser. "The Perception and Valuation of the Risks of Climate Change: A Rational and Behavioral Blend." Climatic Change 77, no. 1-2 (July 27, 2006): 151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9075-9.
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Gulum, Mert, Funda Kutlu Onay, and Atilla Bilgin. "Evaluation of Predictive Capabilities of Regression Models and Artificial Neural Networks for Density and Viscosity Measurements of Different Biodiesel-Diesel-Vegetable Oil Ternary Blends." Environmental and Climate Technologies 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 179–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2018-0012.
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Abstract Nowadays, biodiesel and vegetable oils have received increasing attention as renewable clean alternative fuels to fossil diesel fuel because of decreasing petroleum reserves and increasing environmental concerns. However, the straight use of biodiesel and vegetable oils in pure form results in several operational and durability problems in diesel engines because of their higher viscosity than fossil diesel fuel. One of the most used methods for solving the high viscosity problem is to blend them with fossil diesel fuel or alcohol. The reliable viscosity and density data of various biodiesel-diesel-alcohol ternary blends or biodiesel-diesel binary blends are plentifully available in existing literature, however, there is still the scarcity of dependable measurement values on different biodiesel-diesel-vegetable oil ternary blends at various temperatures. Therefore, in this study, waste cooking oil biodiesel (ethyl ester) was produced, and it was blended with fossil diesel fuel and waste cooking oil at different volume ratios to prepare ternary blends. Viscosities and densities of the ternary blends were determined at different temperatures according to DIN 53015 and ISO 4787 standards, respectively. The variation in viscosity with respect to temperature and oil fraction and the change of density vs. temperature were evaluated, rational and exponential models were proposed for these variations, and these models were tested against the density and viscosity data measured by the authors, Nogueira et al. and Baroutian et al. by comparing them to Gupta et al. model, linear model, Cragoe model and ANN (artificial neural networks) previously recommended in existing literature.
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Yablonev, Alexander, and Anna Guseva. "Justification of Screw Press Rational Parameters and its Working Modes during Sod Peat Extraction by Milling-forming Method." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910501033.
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Sod peat production involves the use of screw press machines. Although the designs of such machines differ in details, they have a number of similar parameters including the highest power intensity throughout the entire production cycle. Sod peat forming conditions are investigated in order to reduce the process energy intensity without losing sod density and, therefore, strength. Laboratory experimental dispersion and moulding of peat are done with a screw press having five speeds, three interchangeable nozzles and two screws with different step of turns. The moisture of the feedstock, the effective power and capacity of the press, the specific energy of the process are determined. The findings show that the most rational operating modes of a screw press consist in the blend of screw rotation speed, nozzle diameter and step of screw turns.
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Puhl, Sebastian, David Ilko, Linhao Li, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Lorenz Meinel, and Oliver Germershaus. "Protein release from electrospun nonwovens: Improving the release characteristics through rational combination of polyester blend matrices with polidocanol." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 477, no. 1-2 (December 2014): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.10.047.
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Bishwakarma, Kirpa Ram, and Yasoda Basnet. "Potentialities and Promotion of Tourism in Dailekh District, Nepal." Journal of Tourism & Adventure 1, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jota.v1i1.22752.
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This paper argues tourism represents dynamic mobility of persons from place to places to know lifestyle, culture and civility of the particular places of interests. It plays significant roles in transforming lifestyle and comprehension. It is a smokeless industry, which contributes abundance in recessive aspects of culture and economic enhancement. Comprehending one’s culture and access in basic human development infrastructures denote with the influx of tourists and their mobility. Advanced tourism discloses potentialities of inaccessible places and makes strong ties with dimensional social aspects promoting art, culture and architecture. Dailekh fosters valuable natural, architectural, religious and cultural heritages that remain undisclosed to the external societies. Th e methodology of study was focus group discussion and personal communication incorporated to the secondary sources. The creative capacity of people and the pilgrimage tourism can create best income opportunities to the fellow citizens with the rational blend of nature, human skills and social capital. Natural beauty with conglomeration of several caste and ethnicity tempts the visitors so that the rational management of the tourist sites, cultural heritages and the places of interests like Sheersthan, Navisthan, Dhuleshwor, Padukasthan and Kotila could foster pilgrimage tourism and contribute to state development.
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Luo, Yao. "Home of the Humanistic Spirit of Painting – The pursuit of an art practitioner." E3S Web of Conferences 189 (2020): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018903018.
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The home of the humanistic spirit of painting is the author’s self-soul question as an art practitioner, Also, the artistic pursuit of the spirit of reflection in the painting works in practice. This article discusses the idea that painting is the mother of language, and language is a rational symbol of painting, painting is the perceptual manifestation of ideas, and the root of Chinese painting is the humanistic spirit. It advocates the return of the humanistic spirit of Chinese painting., and taking Yao Luo’s art as an example. It discusses that the artistic practice of the return of the humanistic spirit of painting, and propose the idea that artists can only create art that is needed by the times if they combine artistic practice with the inherent, and blend Chinese-Western culture with forward-looking humanistic spirit.
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MALKAN, MALKAN. "TAFSIR ASY-SYA'RAWI." ALQALAM 29, no. 2 (August 31, 2012): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v29i2.862.
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This article tries to analyze the biography of Muhammad Mutawalli asy-Sya'rawi, a mufassir, along with its work Tafsir asy-Sya 'rawi: Khawatir asy-Sya'rawi haul al-Qur'an al-Karim. This article discusses the back ground of the emergence of this work, its sources, its method, its school (fiqh and theology), its characteristics, its interpretation, and the experts' opinion about him. The method used in analyzing this article is a critical-analytical method by using a historical approach. Based on its sources, Tafsir asy-Sya'rawi is the blend between Tafsir bi al-Ma'tsur and Tafsir bi al- Ra'yi, but the later one is more dominant. Based on its method, asy-Sya'rawi joins tahlili and maudlui methods, but the later one is more dominant. Based on its interpretation characteristics, he uses both tarbawi (education) and hida'i (guidance). Based on its school, he follows Syafi'i school in fiqh, and it is closed to Muktazilah School in theology. Based on its charactenstics, he has a specific characteristic that he proposes rational examples to support his interpretations. One of his interpretations is that he doesn't support mutasyabbihat and isra'iliyat interpretations, but he
supports scientific interpretations (tafsir 'ilmi). Moreover, according to some experts, he is a rational, moderate, and sufistic ulama.
Key words: Mutawalli asy-Sya'rawi, tafsir alQur'an, bi al-Ma'tsur and tafsir bi al-Ra'yi
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Pakhomov, V. I., S. V. Braginets, O. N. Bakhchevnikov, A. S. Alferov, and D. V. Rudoy. "Extrusion technologies of feed and food including biomass of insects (review)." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 21, no. 3 (June 21, 2020): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.3.233-244.
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The review deals with the problems of extrusion of feed and food including biomass of insects. Inclusion of insects into the composition of feed and food increases their nutritional value through enrichment with protein and fat. Extrusion of the flour from ground and dried insects blended with vegetable raw material, generally presented by grinded grain, is most commonly used. However, the blend of crude larvae of insects and grinded vegetable raw materials can be also successfully extruded. Specific regularities of processes of insect biomass and vegetable raw material extrusion have been developed. It has been established, that with increase in insect content in the extrudate, its color becomes darker, the surface less smooth, the structure more layered. The hardness declines, the value of water absorption index decreases, the value of water solubility index and its moisture content increase. Variation in the rate of raw material feed into the extruder allows to change the properties of a finished extrudate. As the value of raw materials feed increases, the water absorption index of the extrudate and its moisture content decrease, but the water solubility index increases. Rational parameters of the extrusion process general for all blends of vegetable raw materials and insect biomass as well as the nature of their influence on properties of finished extrudate have not been determined yet. The problem of extrusion raw materials for the production of feed and food containing biomass of insects is promising but requires carrying out supplementary studies.
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Zverev, S. V., and V. I. Karpov. "Balancing food compositions according to the complete protein profile in a personalized nutrition system." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-2101-11.
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The article emphasizes the importance of the qualitative composition of protein in the diet. The authors propose to classify the protein into three main groups according to the concept of a reference (complete) protein. To solve the problem of blending in order to obtain a rational mixture for a given profile of the reference protein, a mathematical model is considered. Two variants of the criterion for forming the optimal blend are described. In the Builder C++ 6.0 software environment, an algorithm and a calculation program are implemented. An example of the implementation of the proposed mathematical apparatus is demonstrated in the preparation of a food composition consisting of five components of plant origin. The analysis of alternative variants showed that the minimum score of the first composition is 1.0 (the first criterion), the second is 0.82; the proportion of the reference protein in the mixture is 15.3 and 14.1, respectively, for the first and second criteria.
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Kangueane, Pandjassarame. "From Anna University to America to Agriculture." Bioinformation 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630017029.
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Anna University (AU) is an awesome alma mater for attracting the attention of the almighty through awareness. It is a place with a plan for preparing a palace in a person’s life. It is an avenue for America through adequate cGPA and Advanced GRE (AGRE) with good TOEFL score. The views, visions, modes and models of several faculty members shaped many technocrats, teachers, entrepreneurs, journalists, editors and even farmers. Technology is engineering with science. The foundation and facilities at AU is priceless. AU created the framework for Industrial Biotechnology, a truly inter curriculum with an optimal blend of Engineering and Science (Biology especially Agriculture and Healthcare through organic chemistry). The place was positioned just perfect in the world for wonders to come true. The Raman auditorium (in reverence to the Nobel Laureate Sir CV Raman) reassured rational research with reasonable respect in many minds at the ACTECH. My admiration, acknowledgement and accountability for the alma mater, the AU remains and will always remain precious.
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CUNEO, TERENCE. "INTUITIONISM'S BURDEN: THOMAS REID ON THE PROBLEM OF MORAL MOTIVATION." Journal of Scottish Philosophy 6, no. 1 (March 2008): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1479665108000067.
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Hume bequeathed to rational intuitionists a problem concerning moral judgment and the will – a problem of sufficient severity that it is still cited as one of the major reasons why intuitionism is untenable. 1 Stated in general terms, the problem concerns how an intuitionist moral theory can account for the intimate connection between moral judgment and moral motivation. One reason that this is still considered to be a problem for intuitionists is that it is widely assumed that the early intuitionists made little progress towards solving it. In this essay, I wish to challenge this assumption by examining one of the more subtle intuitionist responses to Hume, viz., that offered by Thomas Reid. For reasons that remain unclear to me, Reid's response to Hume on this issue has been almost entirely neglected. I shall argue that it is nonetheless one that merits our attention, for at least two reasons. In the first place, Reid's response to Hume's challenge to rational intuitionism bears a close affinity to the type of response that he offers to Hume's broadly skeptical challenge to realist views regarding our perception of the external world. Since Reid's strategy in the latter case is widely regarded as exhibiting significant promise, it is natural to wonder whether, when applied to the moral domain, this type of strategy displays similar promise. 2 I will suggest that it does. That is, I will suggest that since Reid's broadly nativist position in perception is one well worth considering, then so also is his broadly nativist account of moral motivation. Second, Reid's position regarding moral motivation represents an intriguing attempt to blend a broadly intuitionist view with important insights from the sentimentalist tradition. In this respect, Reid's view is a genuine hybrid position unlike that offered by other intuitionists such as Richard Price. The synthetic character of Reid's position, I claim, gives it a unique type of theoretical richness, since it incorporates some very attractive features of both rational intuitionism and sentimentalism.
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Kreiser, Marius J., Christoph Wabel, and Karl G. Wagner. "Impact of Vertical Blender Unit Parameters on Subsequent Process Parameters and Tablet Properties in a Continuous Direct Compression Line." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020278.
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The continuous manufacturing of solid oral-dosage forms represents an emerging technology among the pharmaceutical industry, where several process steps are combined in one production line. As all mixture components, including the lubricant (magnesium stearate), are passing simultaneously through one blender, an impact on the subsequent process steps and critical product properties, such as content uniformity and tablet tensile strength, is to be expected. A design of experiment (DoE) was performed to investigate the impact of the blender variables hold-up mass (HUM), impeller speed (IMP) and throughput (THR) on the mixing step and the subsequent continuous manufacturing process steps. Significant impacts on the mixing parameters (exit valve opening width (EV), exit valve opening width standard deviation (EV SD), torque of lower impeller (TL), torque of lower impeller SD (TL SD), HUM SD and blend potency SD), material attributes of the blend (conditioned bulk density (CBD), flow rate index (FRI) and particle size (d10 values)), tableting parameters (fill depth (FD), bottom main compression height (BCH) and ejection force (EF)) and tablet properties (tablet thickness (TT), tablet weight (TW) and tensile strength (TS)) could be found. Furthermore, relations between these process parameters were evaluated to define which process states were caused by which input variables. For example, the mixing parameters were mainly impacted by impeller speed, and material attributes, FD and TS were mainly influenced by variations in total blade passes (TBP). The current work presents a rational methodology to minimize process variability based on the main blender variables hold-up mass, impeller speed and throughput. Moreover, the results facilitated a knowledge-based optimization of the process parameters for optimum product properties.
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Sanzharovskaya, Nadezhda, Natalia Sokol, Olga Khrapko, and Kyamran Mamedov. "Improvement of the technology of bakery products using the wholemeal spelt flour." BIO Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 00069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213700069.
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Bread is one of the most popular mass-consumption products in Russia and in the world. The improvement of the bread quality, the development of new varieties with increased nutritional and biological value will improve the nutrition patterns of the population in the most rational way. The objective of this study is to justify the use of wholemeal spelt flour in the formulation of wheat bread. Generally accepted standard research methods were used. It is experimentally proved that the addition of spelt flour to the flour blend increases the activity of amylolytic enzymes, as well as decreases the mass fraction of crude gluten in all dough samples. When adding the spelt flour in the proportion 40% of the flour weight, physical and chemical parameters did not deteriorate and fell within the normal range, compared with the control sample of wheat bread. It is proved that the use of spelt flour in the production of bakery products will increase the biological and nutritional value of products, as well as expand the range of products for healthy nutrition.
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Bim Júnior, Odair, Marco A. Cebim, Maria T. Atta, Camila M. Machado, Luciana F. Francisconi-dos-Rios, and Linda Wang. "Determining Optimal Fluorescent Agent Concentrations in Dental Adhesive Resins for Imaging the Tooth/Restoration Interface." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 1 (February 2017): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761601271x.
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AbstractFluorescent dyes like Rhodamine B (RB) have been used to identify the spatial distribution of adhesive restorative materials in the tooth/restoration interface. Potential effects of the addition of RB to dental adhesives were addressed in the past, but no further information is available on how to determine suitable concentrations of RB in these bonding agents for imaging in the confocal laser scanning microscope. This study provides systematical strategies for adding RB to viscous dental adhesive resins, focusing on the determination of the lowest range of dye concentrations necessary to achieve an acceptable image of the dentin/adhesive interface. It was demonstrated that optimized images of the resin distribution in dentin can be produced with 0.1–0.02 mg/mL of RB in the (tested) adhesives. Our approaches took into account aspects related to the dye concentration, photophysical parameters in different host media, specimen composition and morphology to develop a rational use of the fluorescent agent with the resin-based materials. Information gained from this work can help optimize labeling methods using dispersions of low-molecular-weight dyes in different monomer blend systems.
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Francis, Charles, James King, Jerry DeWitt, James Bushnell, and Leo Lucas. "Participatory strategies for information exchange." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 5, no. 4 (December 1990): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300003581.
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AbstractComplexity and rapid change in the agricultural industry are pushing us toward more participatory systems of information development and exchange. These changes are driven by a rapidly evolving information environment, with a multiplicity of sources and different clients, and by a technological revolution in communications equipment. At the same time, scientists and farmers are becoming increasingly aware of the complex biological interactions that occur in cropping systems and how these are connected with the overall ecosystem. We are expanding our time and space frame of reference. To address tomorrow's challenges, it will be important to blend the efforts in research and extension, to include farmers as full participants in the planning, execution, and interpretation of experiments, to explore new directions such as model farms and master farmers, and to develop creative educational approaches to encourage practical problem solving. Collaborative efforts of universities, industry, farmer groups, and environmental organizations will be needed to fully empower the individual farm manager to make rational and environmentally sound production decisions in the future.
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Mikheeva, Maja, Dmitriy Khantalin, and Vyacheslav Shepel. "NUMERICAL MODEL OF FIRE PERMEABILITY OF GTE ELEMENTS MADE OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 69 (2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2022.69.03.
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For the early stages of design, a numerical model of fire resistance and fire permeability of GTE elements made of alu-minum alloys is proposed. The numerical model is based on the solution of three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, closed by a two-parameter isotropic SST – turbulence model. We used an implicit pressure solver and a scheme of second-order accuracy in High Resolution space, which allows lowering the approximation order to the first in the areas of solution discontinuities and high gradients to increase the monotonicity and stability of the solution. Additionally, to achieve the solution stability, the High Speed Numerics solver option was used, activating the solver settings Gradient Factor Relaxation = 0.1 and Blend Factor Relaxation = 0.1. The mathematical model for the thermal-hydraulic calculation was set up in the formulation of the coupled heat transfer, taking into account radiation based on the discrete transfer model of the Participating Media. The influ-ence of the degree of blackness on the results of the numerical model is investigated and the most rational radiation model is chosen. The numerical model was validated according to the results of engineering tests on the fire permeability of the plate not cooled by the air flow using a kerosene burner NexGen of the bench Ts17-G3 of FAU P.I. Baranov TsIAM. The obtained results of calculations on fire permeability are comparable with the experimental data both quantitatively and qualitatively. The developed un-steady numerical model of fire permeability of flat plates of aluminum alloys under conditions of free convection can be used in the de-sign of the fan housing by selecting the most rational structural and layout solutions, such as the thickness of the housing, the presence of fire protection coating, cooling intensity, etc.
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Gabriel, Marian Cosmin. "Education in the Anticommons: Evidence from Romania." Central European Journal of Public Policy 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2018-0003.
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Abstract The process of administrative decentralization of the education system in Romania proceeded in chaotic steps. It was done under the pressure, on one hand, of the EU integration requirements and, on the other hand, of the local administrations who wanted more control over how their money were used in the schools and of the parents committees that wanted to have a say in the local schools. The road was scattered with new reform legislations coming with every change in government composition and ministers. The result was a combination of local autonomy and central control that had the potential to produce confusion and conflict. The multiple and complex blend of divided responsibilities and powers turned out in the process of setting up the new form or entry grade in the Romanian primary education cycle in a rational strategic play scholarly designated as anticommons. Each separated actor tries to obtain a maximizing share of the cooperatively generated benefit for a minimum possible cost. The interactions are modeled as a Game of Chicken where, because actors calculate separately, each selects a higher price/lower quantity position than is optimal, resulting in a lower net payoff both individually and collectively.
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Barbosa, Catarina, Elsa Ramalhosa, Isabel Vasconcelos, Marco Reis, and Ana Mendes-Ferreira. "Machine Learning Techniques Disclose the Combined Effect of Fermentation Conditions on Yeast Mixed-Culture Dynamics and Wine Quality." Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010107.
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The use of yeast starter cultures consisting of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts has increased in recent years as a mean to address consumers’ demands for diversified wines. However, this strategy is currently limited by the lack of a comprehensive knowledge regarding the factors that determine the balance between the yeast-yeast interactions and their responses triggered in complex environments. Our previous studies demonstrated that the strain Hanseniaspora guilliermondii UTAD222 has potential to be used as an adjunct of S. cerevisiae in the wine industry due to its positive impact on the fruity and floral character of wines. To rationalize the use of this yeast consortium, this study aims to understand the influence of production factors such as sugar and nitrogen levels, fermentation temperature, and the level of co-inoculation of H. guilliermondii UTAD222 in shaping fermentation and wine composition. For that purpose, a Central Composite experimental Design was applied to investigate the combined effects of the four factors on fermentation parameters and metabolites produced. The patterns of variation of the response variables were analyzed using machine learning methods, to describe their clustered behavior and model the evolution of each cluster depending on the experimental conditions. The innovative data analysis methodology adopted goes beyond the traditional univariate approach, being able to incorporate the modularity, heterogeneity, and hierarchy inherent to metabolic systems. In this line, this study provides preliminary data and insights, enabling the development of innovative strategies to increase the aromatic and fermentative potential of H. guilliermondii UTAD222 by modulating temperature and the availability of nitrogen and/or sugars in the medium. Furthermore, the strategy followed gathered knowledge to guide the rational development of mixed blends that can be used to obtain a particular wine style, as a function of fermentation conditions.
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Grande, Giuseppe, Gabriel Cosmin Petre, Francesco Francini Pesenti, Luca D. Toni, Amerigo Vitagliano, Andrea D. Nisio, Alberto Ferlin, Carlo Foresta, and Andrea Garolla. "PMON262 Systematic review and critical analysis on dietary supplements for male infertility: from a blend of ingredients to a rationale strategy." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1448.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of each Dietary supplement (DS) proposed for male infertility and marketed in Italy, using an adapted version of the scoring system by the American Heart Association. In particular, the effect of any ingredients was evaluated according to semen alterations. On the website of Italian ministry of health we found 23 supplements marketed for male infertility. We considered as eligible only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating substances included in DS marketed for male infertility. A formula allowed us to classify the expected efficacy of each DS, based on composition. Each DS was scored and included into three classes of expected efficacy: high, low and none. Among 24 supplements,3 (12,5%) fall in high, 9 (37,5%) in lower and 12 (50,0%) in no expected efficacy class. DS composition showed 36 substances, 18 with no literature on male fertility and 18 showing positive effect on sperm parameters, thus considered potentially active ingredients (PAI). All DS were mixtures of ingredients, containing from 2 to 17 different substances. Fifteen supplements (65.2%) contained at least 1 ingredient without evidence of efficacy and 21 formulations had PAI dosed below mED. Some PAI were associated to the improvement of specific sperm parameters. DS were usually blends of many substances, that are frequently employed at negligible dose or without any evidence of efficacy on male reproduction. Some ingredients have been demonstrated to be effective on specific sperm parameters by RCTs. We report a list of ingredients with potential efficacy on specific sperm parameters, aimed to allow a tailored use of DS. In the light of our findings we rise three final considerations: i) the Italian market of DS for male infertility offers products with potential efficacy in the improvement of sperm parameters but also many with uncertain effect; ii) the actual literature is poor of well-designed studies on PAI investigating their mechanisms of action and effective dose in different pathological conditions; iii) based on current literature, our study can help in the choice of DS and PAI that are more likely to be effective on specific sperm alterations. Our critical analysis suggests a rational strategy for a tailored use of DS in male infertility. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
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Umeyor, Chukwuebuka, Emmanuel Anaka, Franklin Kenechukwu, Chinazom Agbo, and Anthony Attama. "Development, in vitro and in vivo evaluations of novel lipid drug delivery system of Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv.)." Nanobiomedicine 3 (January 1, 2016): 184954351667344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1849543516673445.
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Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv.) is a tropical rainforest plant used in traditional folk medicine for the treatment of malaria, cough, joint pains, stomach ache, oedema and inflammation. The main thrust of this research work was to study the analgesic/anti-nociceptive properties of N. laevis-loaded solid lipid microdispersions. N. laevis leaves were extracted using ethanol, and the extract was formulated into solid lipid microdispersions using lipid matrix comprising a rational blend of Precirol® ATO 5 and Softisan® 154. Characterization of the solid lipid microdispersions include determination of morphology, particle size, pH, thermal property, encapsulation efficiency percentage and analgesic/anti-nociceptive property. The results obtained showed that the particles were spherical with sizes ranging from 40 µm to 125 µm. The solid lipid microdispersions maintained a stable pH within the acidic region of 5–6 with insignificant variations ( p > 0.05) over a period of 90 days. Thermal analysis showed that N. laevis was entrapped in the lipid matrix used for the formulations. Solid lipid microdispersions recorded a maximum encapsulation efficiency up to 88.1%. N. laevis-loaded solid lipid microdispersions also produced good analgesic/anti-nociceptive property comparable with the standard diclofenac potassium. N. laevis-loaded solid lipid microdispersions showed good analgesic/anti-nociceptive effect and could be used in the treatment and management of pain.
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Kondratyuk, Dmytro, and Victor Dmitrenko. "THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE EXTRUSION PROCESS AND TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF AN EXTRUDER WITH ELASTIC SCREW ELEMENTS ON THE EXPANSION INDEX OF THE EXTRUDATE." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 2(109) (August 27, 2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2020-2-10.
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The processing of feed by extrusion improves the level of absorption by animals. In the extruder, due to frictional forces, the grain mass is heated to a temperature of 120 ... 150 ° C and acquires thermoplastic properties. Due to the transition of the heated mass from the high-pressure zone to the atmospheric zone, adiabatic expansion occurs, as a result of which the volume of the extrudate increases due to the destruction of the granular structure of starch at the cellular level. The extrudate acquires a microporous structure, which contributes to a more complete absorption of nutrients by the animal body. The purpose of the work is to determine the rational values of the factors that most significantly influence the extrusion process and to evaluate the degree of their influence on the extrusion index of the grain mixture of cereals. The studies were performed using a sample of the model extruder section structure, the coils of the screw extruder can oscillate along its axis. A blend of corn, barley and winter wheat in a 5: 3: 2 ratio was used as the study object. The effect of the extruder parameters and modes on the extrudate expansion index was studied using the multivariate experiment planning method. The extrudate expansion index was defined as the ratio of the extrudate diameter to the diameter of the die. To study the process, the following factors were selected that most significantly influence the extrusion process and the extrudate expansion index: die diameter X1 (d, mm), relative humidity of the grain mixture X2 (W,%) and temperature of the extrusion process X3 (T, 0C). The levels of variation of the factors were as follows (initially recorded the zero level of factors, and after the interval of variation): X1 (6; 2 mm), X2 (16; 4%) and X3 (135; 25 0C). As a result of the conducted researches the following rational parameters and modes of operation of the extruder were established: diameter of die d = 4.9… 5.9 mm; humidity of grain mixture W = 17,7… 20%; the temperature of the extrusion process T = 140… 145 0C, and a die diameter of 4.9 ... 5, 9mm.
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Iskakov, I. F., G. A. Kunitsyn, D. V. Lazarev, А. А. Red`kin, S. A. Trubitsyn, and A. S. Kharchenko. "Adjustment of a technology of cast iron smelting in the blast furnace of jsc "ural steel" w ith a volume of 1232 см3 with charge h a v in g 95% share of Mikhailovskii GOK pellets." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 7 (August 1, 2021): 768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-7-768-775.
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To use effectively internal raw material base, JSC “Ural Steel” accomplished I category major overhaul of the blast furnace No. 2. The main purpose of the overhaul was to design a rational profile which could ensure an ability to operate with a charge containing 95 % of Mikhailovskii GOK (mining and concentrating plant) pellets having basicity of 0.5 by CaO/SiO2. The blast furnace No. 2 having useful volume of 1232 m3, was constructed by design of Danieli Corus, the Netherlands, and was blown in on December 30, 2020. In the process of guarantee tests, step-by-step increase of Mikhailovskii GOK pellets (Fetotal = 60.5 %, CaO/SiO2 = 0.5) content in the charge iron ore part was being accomplished from 55 to 95.1%. Charging of the blend containing pellets in the amount of 55% of iron ore part, was done by charging system 4OOCC + 1COOCC (Ore - Coke) with filling level 1.5 m. Under conditions of pellets part increase in the blend, the charging system was changed to decrease their content at the periphery, to increase it in the ore ridge zone and make it intermediate between periphery and the ore ridge. At the pellets share in the iron ore raw materials 0.75 the charging system was used as the following: 3OOCC + 1COOC + 1COOCC, while at the content 95.1% the following charging system was used: 2COOC + 2COOC + 1COOCC. It was noted that in the period of guarantee tests the furnace running was smooth. The average silicon content in the hot metal was 0.70% at the standard deviation 0.666. Sulfur content in the hot metal did not exceed 0.024%, the blowing and natural gas consumption figures were 2100 m3/min and 11000 m3/min correspondently, oxygen content in the blowing 26.5%, hot blowing and top smoke pressure figures were 226.5 and 109.8 KPa correspondently. The productivity of the furnace was reached as high as 2358 t/day at the specific coke rate 433 kg/t of hot metal. After guarantee tests completion, the pellets content in the iron ore part was decreased gradually from 95 down to 50%. The decreasing was made by 5% in every 6 hours of operation. Application of the mastered technology of the blast furnace No. 2 with the increased share of pellets will enable to stably supply the blast furnaces No. 1, 3 and 4 by iron ore raw materials in the proportion of 30-35% of pellets and 65-70% of sinter.
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Ertekin, Turgay. "The Efficacy and Superiority of the Expert Systems in Reservoir Engineering Decision Making Processes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 6347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146347.
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In the process of making a critical decision in reservoir engineering, most of the time we find ourselves in a quandary. Like in any other scientific or technical field, when we find ourselves having to make a critical decision at a juncture, we cannot go ahead with our gut feelings, but rather must figure out what knowledge and information is lacking. In generating the missing knowledge and understanding, the depth and the rapid nature of the search will surface as two critical parameters. In other words, most of the time, a shallow search that can be conducted in a short period of time will not produce the missing information and the knowledge and more often, possibly, it will provide misguidance. When a large volume of sources of information is reviewed and the missing knowledge is generated using unbiased deductive methodologies, then, one can make an informed decision based on facts rather than intuition. In achieving such a desired result, it will be necessary to use fast algorithmic protocols to not sacrifice the wide nature of the search domain, to ensure that it is possible to generate the desired solution. In this paper, it is shown how in reservoir engineering desirable decisions can be reached in a timely manner choosing the most appealing course of action. It is true that in reservoir engineering applications, the decision-making process may involve a blend of intuition and scientific and rational thinking, critical factors such as blind spots, and the use of conventional methodologies that make decision-making hard to fully operationalize or to get a handle on. Luckily, there are mathematical and computational tools to ensure that scientists/engineers consistently make correct decisions, which include gathering as much information as possible and considering all possible alternatives (like combinatorial analysis protocols). The tool (model) proposed in this paper for making critical reservoir engineering decisions is a new computational platform/protocol that exploits the advantages of mathematically developed formulations and of the models that are based on the data/information collected. It is furthermore shown that the analyses conducted, and critical decisions reached, represent more thorough and far-reaching solutions that are structured using less computational overhead, thereby increasing the quality of the decision even further.
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Wang, Gang, Liang-Wen Feng, Wei Huang, Subhrangsu Mukherjee, Yao Chen, Dengke Shen, Binghao Wang, et al. "Mixed-flow design for microfluidic printing of two-component polymer semiconductor systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 30 (July 9, 2020): 17551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000398117.
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The rational creation of two-component conjugated polymer systems with high levels of phase purity in each component is challenging but crucial for realizing printed soft-matter electronics. Here, we report a mixed-flow microfluidic printing (MFMP) approach for two-componentπ-polymer systems that significantly elevates phase purity in bulk-heterojunction solar cells and thin-film transistors. MFMP integrates laminar and extensional flows using a specially microstructured shear blade, designed with fluid flow simulation tools to tune the flow patterns and induce shear, stretch, and pushout effects. This optimizes polymer conformation and semiconducting blend order as assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), resonant soft X-ray scattering (R-SoXS), photovoltaic response, and field effect mobility. For printed all-polymer (poly[(5,6-difluoro-2-octyl-2H-benzotriazole-4,7-diyl)-2,5-thiophenediyl[4,8-bis[5-(2-hexyldecyl)-2-thienyl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl]) [J51]:(poly{[N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)}) [N2200]) solar cells, this approach enhances short-circuit currents and fill factors, with power conversion efficiency increasing from 5.20% for conventional blade coating to 7.80% for MFMP. Moreover, the performance of mixed polymer ambipolar [poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):N2200] and semiconducting:insulating polymer unipolar (N2200:polystyrene) transistors is similarly enhanced, underscoring versatility for two-componentπ-polymer systems. Mixed-flow designs offer modalities for achieving high-performance organic optoelectronics via innovative printing methodologies.
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Nin, Stefania, Daniele Bonetti, Maurizio Antonetti, Eleonora Peruzzi, Davide Manzi, and Cristina Macci. "Sediment-Based Growing Media Provides a Window Opportunity for Environmentally Friendly Production of Ornamental Shrubs." Agronomy 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010092.
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Sediments remediated with a nature-based solution approach (NBS-sediments) can represent a suitable and affordable alternative to peat as a constituent of growing media for ornamental plant production based on the combination of advanced production efficiency and rational green use of resources, including peat and water. In a greenhouse experiment, the effect of different growing media containing NBS-remediated sediments on two-year-old container grown cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus cv. ‘Novìta’) under standard and induced restrictive irrigation was evaluated. Six ternary mixes with different proportion (45:30:25 and 30:20:50 v/v) of peat:pumice:sediment (PE:TS25, PE:TS50), coconut fiber:pumice:sediment (CF:TS25, CF:TS50) and wood fiber:pumice:sediment (WF:TS25, WF:TS50) were tested in comparison to the standard peat:pumice blend (60:40 v/v), commonly used for pot ornamental crops ad used as control (PE, control). Pots were drip irrigated with 200 and 250 cc daily water volume (DWV). Cherry laurels grown in the control showed the lowest sign of stress, maintaining the highest net CO2 assimilation and transpiration rates, however stomatal conductance was reduced compared to PE:TS mixes. On the other hand, photosynthetic performance was strongly depressed by WF:TS25 and WF:TS50 under reduced DWV compared to the control, due to the combined effect of physical properties of the used matrices and reduced water availability. Nevertheless, final biomass production of plants grown on sediment-based growing media was similar to that of control, indicating that photosynthetic performance of plants fully recovered during the cultivation period. Differences in final plant development were negligible when compared to quality standards of marketing categories. Thus, appropriately blended NBS-sediment-based growing media can be used on a larger scale to produce rustic outdoor ornamentals.
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Günther, Björn, Thomas Kremser, Markus Susoff, Petr Formanek, Andreas Fery, and Sven Wießner. "Ensuring patient safety by rational choice of color masterbatch for medical device applications—A case study investigating the properties of an ABS / SAN blend colored by different masterbatches based on styrenic polymers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 139, no. 13 (November 8, 2021): 51844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.51844.
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Anthonsen, Henrik W., António Baptista, Finn Drabløs, Paulo Martel, and Steffen B. Petersen. "The blind watchmaker and rational protein engineering." Journal of Biotechnology 36, no. 3 (August 1994): 185–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1656(94)90152-x.
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Mohilevska, Viktoriia, Olena Sibil, and Oksana Barlit. "BLENDED LEARNINGAS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTOF OUT-OF-SCHOOL EDUCATION TEACHERS." OPEN EDUCATIONAL E-ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN UNIVERSITY, no. 10 (2021): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2414-0325.2021.1012.
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The paper is dedicated to the problem of out-of-school education teachers’ professional development in the conditions of growing requirements to such education quality. The authors of the article note that the professional development of teaching employees of out-of-school education institutions requires a review of existing tools and the search for new approaches. In the current conditions, advanced training courses for the teachers of out-of-school education institutions remain to be the prevailing form, but along with the development of e-education, increase of the freedom of a teacher to choose the forms, methods, terms of professional growth, they need a certain "reset". In a situation of quarantine restrictions, the qualification advancement courses are carried out in a remote format, but it has a number of pitfalls which impact the training effectiveness. Mastering the methods of reflection of one’s own activity by teachers allows to reduce this influence and to increase the quality of professional refresher training. The authors of the article focused their view on the introduction of blended learning during the qualification advancement courses, as such that should provide positive dynamics in the professional development of the teachers of out-of-school education institutions. Researchers see as its most effective models: the "flipped classroom", the self-blend model and the model of enriched virtual learning. They point to a number of advantages of these models compared to traditional learning, which include: flexibility, variability in the organization of the educational process and forms of presentation of educational material, as well as their impact on increasing the motivation of students to learn. The issues of increasing the requirements for the teacher's activity, which should offer optimal and rational methodological techniques and technological solutions for constructive interaction with students not only for the convenience of monitoring their learning, but also so that they can feel constant support, are considered separately. The authors of the article came to the conclusion that in each case the optimally selected model of the blended learning is the one that contains potential opportunities for professional development of the heads of out-of-school education clubs. The article provides statistics data for its confirmation.
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Ball, Philip. "Single-atom catalysis: a new field that learns from tradition." National Science Review 5, no. 5 (April 26, 2018): 690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy043.
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Abstract Much of industrial chemical processing (in the petrochemicals industry, for example), and a great deal of laboratory chemical synthesis, involves catalysts that both lower the energy barrier to reaction and may help steer a reaction along a particular path. Traditionally, catalysts have come in two classes: heterogeneous, typically meaning that the catalyst is an extended solid; and homogeneous, where the catalyst is a small molecule that shares a solvent with the reactants. In heterogeneous catalysis, the reaction generally takes place on a surface, involving molecules attached there by covalent bonds. Homogeneous catalysts are often organometallic compounds, in which a metal atom or small cluster of atoms supplies the active site for reaction. In recent years, these distinctions have become somewhat blurred thanks to the advent of single-atom catalysis, where the catalytic site consists of a single atom (as in many homogeneous catalysts) attached to or embedded in a surface. The emergence of this field might be regarded as the logical conclusion of the use of ‘supported metal clusters’—small metal particles of nanometer scale and below, containing perhaps hundreds, tens or just a few atoms. It has became clear that such clusters can sometimes provide greater product selectivity and activity than macro-sized particles or powders of the same metal, partly because the active sites might be atoms at particular locations (such as edges and corners) in the nanoscale particles. By reducing their scale down to the level of single atoms, one can optimize these properties. At the same time, the potential uniformity of the atoms’ environments makes such catalysts more amenable to rational design and modeling to understand mechanism. This field represents an appealing blend of fundamental chemistry and physics—from the quantum-mechanical level upwards—and applied research aimed at producing many of the products vital to society, such as fuels and materials. Researchers in China have been strongly active in this field in recent years (see, for example, refs [1–5]). Jean Marie Basset of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, is one of the leading practitioners in the area, and National Science Review spoke to him about the development and prospects of the field.
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Sturm, Thomas. "Scientific innovation: A conceptual explication and a dilemma." THEORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science 34, no. 3 (December 5, 2019): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.20652.
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I offer an analysis of the concept of scientific innovation. When research is innovated, highly noveland usefulelements of investigation begin to spread through a scientific community, resulting from a process which is neither due to blind chance nor to necessity, but to a minimal use of rationality. This, however, leads to tension between two claims: (1) scientific innovation can be explained rationally; (2) no existing account of rationality explains scientific innovation. There are good reasons to maintain (1) and (2), but it is difficult for both claims to be accepted simultaneously by a rational subject.In particular, I argue that neither standard nor bounded theories of rationality can deliver a satisfactory explanation of scientific innovations.
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de Oliveira, Renan P., Alessandro V. M. Oliveira, and Gui Lohmann. "A Network-Design Analysis of Airline Business Model Adaptation in the Face of Competition and Consolidation." Transportation Science 55, no. 2 (March 2021): 532–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2020.1025.
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By focusing on the intrinsic relationship between business models and network configurations in the airline industry, this paper develops a two-stage methodology to estimate the strategic drivers of network design of the major carriers in Brazil. The empirical approach decomposes their domestic network-building rationales into the ones adopted by virtual archetypical carriers. We consider the previously conceived low-cost, full-service, and regional carrier archetypes. Our main contribution is the development of a model that allows airlines’ networks to be strategically designed in a time-evolving pattern, reflecting a dynamically chosen blend of these archetypes. Moreover, we also consider the effects that mergers and acquisitions may have had in inducing changes in these blends. Our results suggest that all analyzed airlines have repositioned themselves through their trajectories to adopt a hybrid configuration, aiming at the intersection of at least two archetypical network-design rationales. Besides, the effects of consolidations point to certain diversions of the acquiring airlines’ domestic network-building rationales toward the ones of the acquired carriers, providing evidence that the consolidations may have served as stepping stones for market-repositioning moves.
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Vlakh, Myroslava. "Geographical imagery world of Sofia Yablonska’s travelling literature: modern vision." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 53 (December 18, 2019): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2019.53.10657.
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The article analyzes the importance of travel literature in the genre of belles non-fiction for shaping the geographical images of countries and nations. In this aspect, the travel prose of the Ukrainian writer, cinematographer, and photographer Sofia Yablonska (1907–1971) was used. Genetic types of sensory verbal geographical images, in particular visual, audio, kinaesthetic (based on smell (odoriferous) and touch (tactile)) are distinguished using the travel novels “Charm of Morocco” (1932), “From the country of rice and opium” (1936), and “Far horizons” (1939) as an example. The artistic syncretism of geographical representation of S. Yablonska is noted (verbal images are harmoniously supplemented with photo and film frames, drawings). The wide spaciousness of the author’s thinking, which extends from specific places to oceanic and celestial infinities, is revealed. The content of S. Yablonska’s travel literature, which is essentially the author’s autobiogeography, is demonstrated by the mega-metaphor of home – the global world is like a native home for her. The natural and anthropocentric parallels of S. Yablonska’s literary texts employed to create geographical images are identified; the author’s accentuation on chronicling the sensations related to the natural features of the lands depicted (depiction of the sun, sea expanses and coasts, mountainous regions of China and volcanoes of Malaysia, etc.) is emphasized. The realism of verbal geographical images is highlighted. They are placed in specific geographical coordinates and characterized by completeness, diversity, grasp of the essential features of the phenomena depicted. The talent of the author’s thinking capable to see the general in each individual case is shown. The combination of descriptive and rational approaches (comparative as well as cause-and-effect methods) for creating cultural images of cities and people is noted. Author’s attention to the negative consequences of the European colonization on the autochthonous culture, the mentality of the enslaved peoples, and the promotion of their liberation in the future is emphasized. The conclusion is drawn about a harmonious blend of the Ukrainian and high-culture European civilization, in the personality of S. Yablonska who enriched the European culture with the ideas of openness and tolerance. The geographical images of exotic countries created by the writer are analyzed in the context of modern humanistic philosophy of travel, the concept of aestheticism, the natural and ethical concept of happiness, and the concept of environmental behaviourism. Key words: travelling literature, geographical image, geographical visual, geographical audial, geographical kinestet.
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Dahl, Heidi E. I., and Rimvydas Krasauskas. "Rational fixed radius rolling ball blends between natural quadrics." Computer Aided Geometric Design 29, no. 9 (December 2012): 691–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cagd.2012.06.008.
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Bizzarri, Michal, and Miroslav Lávička. "Rational adaptive blends among obstacles in 3D by contour method." Computer-Aided Design 89 (August 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2017.04.006.
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Debals, Otto, Marc Van Barel, and Lieven De Lathauwer. "Löwner-Based Blind Signal Separation of Rational Functions With Applications." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 64, no. 8 (April 2016): 1909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2015.2500179.
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CONN, HAROLD O. "Why do Varices Bleed? Rational Therapy Based on Objective Observations." Acta Medica Scandinavica 218, S703 (April 24, 2009): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08911.x.
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Thomson, Quin. "Rationale and Neurodivergence: Reflections on, and Repercussions of, the Quintessence Project." Context, no. 47 (January 31, 2022): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/cx60127.
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In Autumn 2003, under a previous name, I published a research report in this journal, entitled ‘The Quintessence Project: Re-envisioning Mediæval Music through the Lens of Electroacoustic Technology.’ The report detailed the beginnings of an effort to blend historically informed performance practice (specifically of Gregorian chant) with improvisatory techniques, scaffolded by electroacoustic ‘found sound’ techniques including looping, filtering and granulation…
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Lebesby, Kristin, and Jos Benders. "Too Smart to Participate? Rational Reasons for Employees’ Non-participation in Action Research." Systemic Practice and Action Research 33, no. 6 (June 29, 2020): 625–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11213-020-09538-5.
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Abstract Action research literature promotes broad participation in order to gain better insights into prevailing issues and cope with both present and future challenges in organizations. For good reasons, action researchers view participation as desirable and even necessary. However, emphasizing participation also creates a blind spot: researchers tend to assume that employees are willing or even eager to take part in organizational change projects. A group of action researchers involved in a large-scale organizational development project in a Norwegian public organization initially also had this optimistic assumption. Over time, they realized that many employees were reluctant to participate and often kept silent, so they conducted follow-up research to explore the reasons for employees’ non-participation. The findings show that the employees had rational reasons not to participate, and that employee participation should not be taken for granted. The paper outlines eight different rationales for non-participation, and discusses implications for action research.
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Sisterson, Nathaniel D., Thomas A. Wozny, Vasileios Kokkinos, Anto Bagic, Alexandra P. Urban, and R. Mark Richardson. "A Rational Approach to Understanding and Evaluating Responsive Neurostimulation." Neuroinformatics 18, no. 3 (January 9, 2020): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12021-019-09446-7.
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AbstractClosed-loop brain stimulation is increasingly used in level 4 epilepsy centers without an understanding of how the device behaves on a daily basis. This lack of insight is a barrier to improving closed-loop therapy and ultimately understanding why some patients never achieve seizure reduction. We aimed to quantify the accuracy of closed-loop seizure detection and stimulation on the RNS device through extrapolating information derived from manually reviewed ECoG recordings and comprehensive device logging information. RNS System event logging data were obtained, reviewed, and analyzed using a custom-built software package. A weighted-means methodology was developed to adjust for bias and incompleteness in event logs and evaluated using Bland–Altman plots and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to compare adjusted and non-weighted (standard method) results. Twelve patients implanted for a mean of 21.5 (interquartile range 13.5–31) months were reviewed. The mean seizure frequency reduction post-RNS implantation was 40.1% (interquartile range 0–96.2%). Three primary levels of event logging granularity were identified (ECoG recordings: 3.0% complete (interquartile range 0.3–1.8%); Event Lists: 72.9% complete (interquartile range 44.7–99.8%); Activity Logs: 100% complete; completeness measured with respect to Activity Logs). Bland–Altman interpretation confirmed non-equivalence with unpredictable differences in both magnitude and direction. Wilcoxon signed rank tests demonstrated significant (p < 10−6) differences in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity at >5% absolute mean difference for extrapolated versus standard results. Device behavior logged by the RNS System should be used in conjunction with careful review of stored ECoG data to extrapolate metrics for detector performance and stimulation.
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Paul, Gregory L. "The Rationale for Consuming Protein Blends in Sports Nutrition." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 28, sup4 (August 2009): 464S—472S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2009.10718113.
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Bizzarri, Michal, Miroslav Lávička, and Jan Vršek. "Canal surfaces with rational contour curves and blends bypassing the obstacles." Computer-Aided Design 64 (July 2015): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2015.03.002.
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Fan, Chaojun, Sheng Li, Haohao Zhang, and Zhenhua Yang. "Rational Boreholes Arrangement of Gas Extraction from Unloaded Coal Seam." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (November 8, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1501860.
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In order to enhance gas extraction from unloaded coal seam by drilling borehole in the floor roadway, the mechanism of stress relief improving permeability by protective coal seam mining was analyzed. Based on the multiphysics field theory, the hydraulic-mechanical coupling model of gas extraction in the unloading coal seam was established, and the gas extraction process by drilling borehole in the floor roadway in the overburden of Panyi Coal Mine 1551 (1) panel was simulated. The influence of different drilling arrangements on the gas extraction effect was analyzed. The results show that the permeability of protected coal seams is characterized by zoning and can be divided into the permeability-enhanced zone, the permeability-reduced zone, and the original permeability zone according to the stress state of coal seam. Under the condition of uniform borehole distribution, the gas pressure decreased slowly in the permeability-reduced zone and is still greater than 0.74 MPa after 180 days of extraction, and there is a large extraction blind area in the protected panel. Under the condition of nonuniform borehole distribution arrangement according to the characteristics of permeability zoning, the effective extraction area can almost cover the protected panel, and the blind extraction area is reduced by 91.22% when compared to uniform borehole distribution. These can provide a reference for unloading gas extraction under similar conditions.