Academic literature on the topic 'Rathangan'

Literature is related to human life. It records various events of human life. In this way, S. Ramakrishnan's Sancharam is a novel literature that aims to depict the life events of Nathswara artists who have black soil as their living environment. The Sahitya Academy award-winning novel 2018 explores various issues in the life of an artist. Through this article, we can learn about the value given by the society to the two Nathswara artists born and raised in the land of black soli and the life of Nathswara artists who lived in the early period. The story revolves around two central characters, Pakiri and Rathanam. In the course of their lives, these men think of various Nathswara artists who lived in the past. One of those scholars is Thananasi. He is a proficient in reciting nataswaram, he is shown to be blind. Growing up without his mother's warmth, he yearns for love. This anxiety creates depression. He engages in certain behaviors to reduce this risk. The purpose of this paper is to examine the behaviors of Thananasi and to uncover the psychological reasons for the behaviors. His behaviors have been studied in terms of defense strategies which are one of the psychological components. Coping and retrogression are two defense strategies that manifest in these behaviors that are highlighted in this review. These defense techniques are given as a result of the research to protect his mind.

Background. We previously reported that IL7R-pathway genes are mutated in 29% of T-ALL and that surface IL7R is expressed in 53% of T-ALL (Rathana K et al. abstract S131, EHA 2019). In these samples, in vitro and in vivo (IL7R+PDX T-ALL) sensitivity to JAK inhibitors is determined by the expression of IL7R regardless of the IL7Rp genomic status. BCL2 inhibition has been shown to be synergistic with the IL7R pathway inhibition (Degrise S et al., Leukemia 2018;32(3):788-800). We therefore explored whether the combination of tofacitinib, a potent JAK3 inhibitor, with venetoclax may improve the hematological status of patients with relapse/refractory T-ALL. Methods. Patients with relapse/refractory T-ALL, with surface IL7R expression or IL7R-pathway mutations and BCL2 expression were eligible if they had failed all available therapeutic options (including clofarabine and/or allogenic HSCT if eligible). Patients were offered to be treated with venetoclax, 100 mg/d day1; 200 mg/d day2; 300 mg/d day3 and 400 mg/day thereafter and for subsequent 28 days cycles combined with tofacitinib, 10mg twice a day started from day 5 cycle 1 (off-label use). Responses were assessed after cycle 1 and cycle 3. Responding patients may continue therapy until relapse, death or allogenic HSCT if eligible. Results. Eight patients were treated including 7 ETP-ALL and 1 T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Median age was 56 years (27-69) and sex ratio (M/F) was 4/4. Four patients were refractory to at least 2 lines of therapy and 4 patients relapsed, all on therapy. Relapsing patients were in failure after at least one salvage therapy. All patients expressed BCL2. A mutation of JAK3 L857P was found in 5 cases including one patient with both JAK3 and JAK1 mutations. except one with a mutation of IL7-R. Other patients expressed IL7R. A response to therapy was observed in 5 out of seven evaluable cases (71%) including 2 CR associated with a negative MRD (sensitivity 10-4) and 3 partial responses (medullar blasts less than 15%). The remaining patient has just started the first cycle of therapy. Duration of responses was 10 months and +6 months (allo HSCT planned) for the 2 patients in CR and 3 months or less for the partial responders. No serious adverse event related to therapy was observed. Conclusion. IL7-pathway is a possible target for therapy with JAK inhibitors in patients with T-ALL in relapse or refractory to conventional therapy. A combination of venetoclax and tofacitinib may offer a potential savage for these patients with limited therapeutic options. Disclosures Chevallier: Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria. Dombret:Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier (IRIS): Research Funding; AGIOS: Honoraria; CELGENE: Consultancy, Honoraria. Boissel:NOVARTIS: Consultancy. Rousselot:Pfizer: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding. OffLabel Disclosure: Venetoclax in T-ALL Tofacitinib in T-ALL

The aim of this chapter is to trace the cross-fertilizing dynamics between Sinhala Buddhist ethnoreligious nationalism and the worldview of three selected Saṅgha activists as they affected the local politics between 1990 and 2010. The chapter will reconstruct their worldview and perception towards the minority political demands in Lanka and the “unitary” ideology they advanced. The three Saṅgha to be considered in this chapter and their periods of influence are as follows: Venerable Walpola Rāhula 1995–1997 Venerable Gaṅgoḍawila Sōma 2000–2003 Venerable Athuraliyē Rathana 2004–2010 The analysis of their self-understanding in the selective biographies set out in this chapter will help us understand why federalism, instead of providing a solution, fuelled Saṅgha hostility and agitation.