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1
de, la Kethulle de Ryhove Sébastien. "Rate-Adaptive Schemes and Capacity Issues in Wireless Systems." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1493.
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The present dissertation consists of a collection of five papers and an introduction The papers are dedicated firstly to the analysis and design of efficient wireless communication systems operating over fading channels, and secondly to the information theoretic characterisation of fading channels under different sets of assumptions.
The wireless systems that are considered operate over frequency-flat, block-fading channels under the assumption that perfect channel state information (CSI) is available both at the transmitter and at the receiver. One of the issues that is addressed is the energy-efficient design of constant power link adaptation schemes in which circuit energy consumption is included in the total energy budget, and in which the system's instantaneous bit-error rate must never exceed a predefined threshold. This is done assuming that a number of different transmission schemes are available for use, and that the objective is to maximise the system's average spectral efficiency (ASE). Another issue is how to optimally choose the rates of a given finite number of capacity-achieving codes in order to maximise the ASE of dual-branch multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems (that is to say, MIMO systems with either two transmit or two receive antennæ). Yet another is the derivation of expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distributions of the independent subchannels which can be obtained by decoupling a dual-branch MIMO channel using linear precoding and decoding, assuming that the available power is distributed among these subchannels in accordance with the water-filling solution. It is also shown that the knowledge of the subchannel SNR distributions can be very helpful when optimising MIMO communication systems.
The information theoretic characterisation of fading channels under different sets of assumptions is the other main concern of this thesis. The first channel that is considered from this perspective is the frequency-flat block-fading channel discussed above. The power adaptation strategy that maximises the average information rate that can be reliably transmitted over such a channel assuming the availability of perfect transmitter and receiver CSI, assuming that any transmitted codeword spans a single fading block, and assuming the input signal is subject to both average and peak power constraints is characterised by means of a theorem and numerically computed in different scenarios.
The next channel that is considered is the memoryless noncoherent Rayleigh fading channel, in which the channel state is assumed to change on a symbol-by-symbol basis. Closed-form expressions for the mutual information between the output and the input of this channel when the input magnitude distribution is discrete and restricted to having two mass points are derived, and it is shown how these expressions can be used to obtain closed-form expressions for the capacity of this channel for SNR values of up to approximately 0 dB.
The final channels to be examined are noncoherent Rayleigh-fading channels with memory, in which the channel state is once again assumed to change on a symbol-by-symbol basis, but where the fading process has memory which is modelled by an autoregressive process of arbitrary order. For such channels, it is shown that for any input magnitude distribution, it is optimum from a capacity perspective to choose the phase of the input independent and identically distributed, with a distribution which is uniform over the interval [0,2π).
Paper I and II: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible. Paper III: ©2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Paper IV and V: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible.
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Bonello, Nicholas. "Near-capacity fixed-rate and rateless channel code constructions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/68774/.
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Fixed-rate and rateless channel code constructions are designed for satisfying conflicting design tradeoffs, leading to codes that benefit from practical implementations, whilst offering a good bit error ratio (BER) and block error ratio (BLER) performance. More explicitly, two novel low-density parity-check code (LDPC) constructions are proposed; the first construction constitutes a family of quasi-cyclic protograph LDPC codes, which has a Vandermonde-like parity-check matrix (PCM). The second construction constitutes a specific class of protograph LDPC codes, which are termed as multilevel structured (MLS) LDPC codes. These codes possess a PCM construction that allows the coexistence of both pseudo-randomness as well as a structure requiring a reduced memory. More importantly, it is also demonstrated that these benefits accrue without any compromise in the attainable BER/BLER performance. We also present the novel concept of separating multiple users by means of user-specific channel codes, which is referred to as channel code division multiple access (CCDMA), and provide an example based on MLS LDPC codes. In particular, we circumvent the difficulty of having potentially high memory requirements, while ensuring that each user’s bits in the CCDMA system are equally protected. With regards to rateless channel coding, we propose a novel family of codes, which we refer to as reconfigurable rateless codes, that are capable of not only varying their code-rate but also to adaptively modify their encoding/decoding strategy according to the near-instantaneous channel conditions. We demonstrate that the proposed reconfigurable rateless codes are capable of shaping their own degree distribution according to the nearinstantaneous requirements imposed by the channel, but without any explicit channel knowledge at the transmitter. Additionally, a generalised transmit preprocessing aided closed-loop downlink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is presented, in which both the channel coding components as well as the linear transmit precoder exploit the knowledge of the channel state information (CSI). More explicitly, we embed a rateless code in a MIMO transmit preprocessing scheme, in order to attain near-capacity performance across a wide range of channel signal-to-ratios (SNRs), rather than only at a specific SNR. The performance of our scheme is further enhanced with the aid of a technique, referred to as pilot symbol assisted rateless (PSAR) coding, whereby a predetermined fraction of pilot bits is appropriately interspersed with the original information bits at the channel coding stage, instead of multiplexing pilots at the modulation stage, as in classic pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM). We subsequently demonstrate that the PSAR code-aided transmit preprocessing scheme succeeds in gleaning more information from the inserted pilots than the classic PSAM technique, because the pilot bits are not only useful for sounding the channel at the receiver but also beneficial for significantly reducing the computational complexity of the rateless channel decoder.
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Garner, Michael Paul. "Loading Rate Effects on Axial Pile Capacity in Clays." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2016.pdf.
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Ahmed, Anas A. "Optimal Capacity Investment, and Pricing Across International Markets Under Exchange Rate Uncertainty and Duopoly Competition." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/400.
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In this dissertation we investigate joint optimal capacity investment, pricing and production decisions for a multinational manufacturer who faces exchange rate uncertainties. We consider a manufacturer that sells its product in both domestic and foreign markets over a multiperiod season. Because of long-lead times, the capacity investment must be committed before the selling season begins. The exchange rate between the two countries fluctuates across period and the demand in both markets is price dependent. In the first part, the model considers three scenarios: (1) early commitment to price and quantity with central sourcing, (2) postponement of prices and quantities with central sourcing, and (3) local sourcing. We derive the optimal capacity and the optimal prices for each scenario, and investigate the impact of the exchange rate parameters and the length of the selling season on optimal capacity investment, production allocation, and pricing decisions. We observe that while the price and production decisions in the domestic market are independent of the exchange rate under early commitment and local sourcing scenarios, the exchange rate between two countries directly impacts these decisions under the postponement setting. We identify thresholds and gain insights on investment costs, market potentials, exchange rate drifts, and selling season length for the choice of entering a foreign market under all scenarios. In the second part of this dissertation, we consider a duopoly competition in the foreign country. We consider a single period setting and we model the exchange rate as a random variable. We assume two scenarios: (1) Exogenous Model, where the price of the foreign manufacturer is set a priori, and (2) Endogenous Model, where the prices are set simultaneously based on a Nash Game outcome. In the Exogenous Model, we study the impact of exchange rate and foreign manufacturer's price on optimal capacity and prices. In the Endogenous Model, we investigate the impact of competition and exchange rate on optimal capacities and optimal prices. We show how competition can impact the decision of the home manufacturer to enter the foreign market.
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Panagos, Adam, and Kurt Kosbar. "The Sum-Rate Capacity of a Cognitive Multiple Access Sensor Network." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604466.
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ITC/USA 2007 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Third Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2007 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThis paper investigates the sum-rate capacity of a cognitive multiple access (MAC) sensor network. The multiple access network consists of K sensors communicating to a common base station. Outside of the network exists another user of the radio spectrum. Each sensor of the MAC network is aware (i.e. cognitive) of this user, denoted the primary user, and transmits in a manner to avoid any interference to this user. No interference transmission is achieved using the dirty-paper coding technique. The sum-rate capacity is the theoretical maximum of the sum of the simultaneously achievable rates of each sensor within the network. Using a recently derived iterative algorithm, we quantify the sum-rate capacity of this network and investigate its behavior as a function of the number of sensors, cognitive signal-to-noise ratio (CSNR) and primary SNR (PSNR) in a Rayleigh fading environment. We also derive bounds and scaling results for the ergodic sum-rate capacity.
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Stillwell, Evelyn J. "The hematology, metabolic rate, and aerobic swimming capacity of triploid brook trout." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0010/MQ30031.pdf.
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Dürrheim, Erna Theresia. "Some physiological effects of deep underground mining and the relationship with physical work capacity and functional work capacity assessment outcomes." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9019.
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Motivation: The South-African deep level gold mining industry has adapted in many ways, as the pursuit for gold has led deep into the earth core, where rock face temperatures measure around 60°C. Ventilation adapted through engineering developments like refrigeration systems, creating cooler work environments to an extent. Despite these developments the risks of high ambient temperatures coupled with strenuous work and dehydration remains, leading to alternative methods of control that have to indicate whether employees have the necessary functional capacity to perform daily work tasks.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were: to measure and compare the physiological effects of the tasks performed by workers in an underground mining environment; To measure the soundness of heart rate as a gauge of work stress in real-life work conditions, taking into account the stressors that influence it; to determine the efficacy of functional and physical work capacity assessments as a method of determining work readiness.
Methods: A study group (n = 16) was chosen to represent the “most exposed” work population, all of whom have previously passed the functional work capacity and physical work capacity assessments. The assessments were repeated and the maximal oxygen uptake assessment was done. The participants were divided into two groups (n = 8) according to their work areas. Measurements were taken over a period of eight consecutive shifts. Each group was later divided into three groups as per the work they performed. Dehydration was determined through urine analysis and body weight changes. Heart rate was observed continuously through a heart rate monitor and oral temperature was measured on an hourly basis.
Results: The shift durations seen during this study were much longer than the customary 8-hour work day. The mean HR results of group I, which was suspected of having the most strenuous work, were very similar to the results for group II and III. This group did, however, have the highest % heart rate ≥ 120 beats per minute and mean cumulative heart beats, group III having the lowest. All of the groups were found to be mildly dehydrated at the end of their shifts, the urine specific gravity indicating that the participants were generally already considerably dehydrated at the onset of the shifts. Group I was the only group whose mean heart rate had a statistically significant correlation (r ≥ 0.5) with % weight loss. There was a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation between heart rate and mean oral temperature for all of the groups. The participants that passed the functional work capacity and physical work capacity assessments were found to have performed comparatively better during the real-time shifts than those that failed.
Conclusions: Although there were several employees that had a high mean maximum heart rate, none of the mean heart rates were higher than the self-pacing rate of 110 beats per minute. This ability of self- pacing was seen in the way the participants were able to manage energy expenditure by alternating between heavy and lighter tasks. A great concern is the fact that all of the participants had a % weight loss (0.9 – 2.8% weight loss) indicative of mild dehydration after the shifts, on top of morning urine specific gravity samples (1.020 – 1.025) showing signs of considerable dehydration. Several correlations were found between the functional work capacity and physical work capacity assessments and maximum temperature, maximum heart rate and maximal oxygen uptake, suggesting a significant relationship between the real life situation and the homogenous laboratory setting. comparing the employees that passed the functional work capacity and physical work capacity assessment to those that failed, a marked difference was seen in their respective performances. The groups that passed had a lower mean heart rate and maximum heart rate and higher maximal oxygen uptake. It may, therefore, be concluded that the functional work capacity and physical work capacity assessments provide a valid evaluation of an individual’s work capacity and potential to cope with the varying demands of underground work.Thesis (MSc (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Padin, Avelina C. "Implicit attitudes, physical activity and self-regulatory capacity." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1467813684.
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Maragos, Spyridon A. (Spyriodon Apostolos). "Revenue management for ocean carriers : optimal capacity allocation with multiple nested freight rate classes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12112.
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Davis, Robin M. (Robin Manes). "Microstructural effects on capacity-rate performance of vanadium oxide cathodes in lithium-ion batteries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32852.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 29).
Vanadium oxide thin film cathodes were analyzed to determine whether smaller average grain size and/or a narrower average grain size distribution affects the capacity-rate performance in lithium-ion batteries. Vanadium oxide thin films were prepared by sputtering onto ITO-coated glass substrates and crystallized in a refined annealing process to generate diverse microstructures. Average grain size and grain size distribution were determined in SEM analysis. No significant difference was observed in capacity rate behavior with changes in microstructure. However, it is speculated that further in situ analysis may show different relative diffusion rates into grains of differing sizes is related to different microstructures.
by Robin M. Davis.
S.B.
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Alrowili, Mohammed F. H. "Capacity Enhancement Approaches for Long Term Evolution networks: Capacity Enhancement-Inspired Self-Organized Networking to Enhance Capacity and Fairness of Traffic in Long Term Evolution Networks by Utilising Dynamic Mobile Base-Stations." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17322.
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The long-term evolution (LTE) network has been proposed to provide better network capacity than the earlier 3G network. Driven by the market, the conventional LTE (3G) network standard could not achieve the expectations of the international mobile telecommunications advanced (IMT-Advanced) standard. To satisfy this gap, the LTE-Advanced was introduced with additional network functionalities to meet up with the IMT-Advanced Standard. In addition, due to the need to minimize operational expenditure (OPEX) and reduce human interventions, the wireless cellular networks are required to be self-aware, self-reconfigurable, self-adaptive and smart. An example of such network involves transceiver base stations (BTSs) within a self-organizing network (SON).
Besides these great breakthroughs, the conventional LTE and LTE-Advanced networks have not been designed with the intelligence of scalable capacity output especially in sudden demographic changes, namely during events of football, malls, worship centres or during religious and cultural festivals. Since most of these events cannot be predicted, modern cellular networks must be scalable in terms of capacity and coverage in such unpredictable demographic surge. Thus, the use of dynamic BTSs is proposed to be used in modern and future cellular networks for crowd and demographic change managements.
Dynamic BTSs are complements of the capability of SONs to search, determine and deploy less crowded/idle BTSs to densely crowded cells for scalable capacity management. The mobile BTSs will discover areas of dark coverages and fill-up the gap in terms of providing cellular services. The proposed network relieves the LTE network from overloading thus reducing packet loss, delay and improves fair load sharing.
In order to trail the best (least) path, a bio-inspired optimization algorithm based on swarm-particle optimization is proposed over the dynamic BTS network. It uses the ant-colony optimization algorithm (ACOA) to find the least path. A comparison between an optimized path and the un-optimized path showed huge gain in terms of delay, fair load sharing and the percentage of packet loss.
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Hashem, Bassam Mohamed. "On the capacity of DS/CDMA cellular systems employing power control and adaptive transmission rate." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq41023.pdf.
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Rydin, Axel. "Stockholm TMA capacity - A study of the landing rate and its effects on arrival outcome." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104018.
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Stockholm TMA handles traffic to Sweden’s two biggest airports movement wise: Stockholm Arlanda and Stockholm Bromma. The airports are located in close proximity to each other, meaning traffic in and out of the airports is likely to conflict, depending on the runway configurations. Stockholm TMA capacity will depend on how complex the traffic is, especially in the arrival sector (sector East), as well as weather, wind and other capacity factors. The thesis focuses on arriving traffic to Stockholm Arlanda. The number of arrivals for any given hour is restricted by a landing rate. The landing rate is set depending on a number of factors. For a high landing rate to be set, Stockholm Arlanda will need to be in traffic peak, utilizing one of the runway configurations used for hours of high traffic intensity. Why was a certain landing rate set? What were the main contributors? What was the outcome of the rate in terms of arrivals?
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Noel, Helen Louise. "Population growth rate and carrying capacity for the springtail Folsomia candida exposed to environmental chemicals." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408141.
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ROJAS, ORLANDO DA SILVA. "STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF A DRAINING GEOCOMPOSITE IN RELATION OF THE FLOW RATE CAPACITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=37168@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Um dos grandes problemas apresentados nas Rodovias é a drenagem de água, gerada principalmente pela chuva, tendo como consequência a diminuição da resistência na estrutura do pavimento ou destruição do mesmo, causada pela pressão hidráulica. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar a fluência do geocomposto, avaliando o comportamento drenante deste no solo, em relação à sua capacidade de vazão. Foram realizados ensaios laboratoriais de curto e médio prazo baseado no ensaio de permeabilidade planar e transmissividade em que, à medida que o geocomposto é comprimido por um carregamento constante de 10 kPa, sua vazão planar decresce e a deformação da amostra aumenta. Determinou-se a deformação por compressão ao longo do tempo de ensaio do material, que está diretamente ligado à sua capacidade de vazão. Para conferir este comportamento foi feita a modelagem da amostra de solo argiloso que inicialmente se encontra saturado e que é parte do subleito de uma rodovia em um estudo de caso, com o geocomposto como parte do sistema de drenagem (trincheira drenante) no programa PLAXIS, nas mesmas condições de carregamento, determinando-se a variação da fluência com inserção de geocomposto o que foi comparando com os valores obtidos no laboratório. Os resultados foram satisfatórios e se conclui que há geração de deformações causadas pelos carregamentos no solo, que influenciam na capacidade de vazão de drenagem do conjunto.
One of the main problems that are seen on highways is that of water drainage, generated mainly by rain. This may reduce the quality and structure of the pavement as time passes or it may damage the pavement because of hydraulic pressure. This research intends to object an analysis of fluency of geocomposite; in so doing it will evaluate the behavior of geocomposite drainage on soil in relation to its capacity to flow. Test were carried out in short and half term in laboratory, based on planar permeability and transmisivity, where as the geocomposite is compressed by a constant load -in our case of 10 kPa its planar wealth decreases, but the distortion of the sample increases. To determine the distortion for compression throughout the time of the material testing, which is directly related to the flow capacity. To verify the results obtained in the laboratory, the model of the soil samples and the geocomposite were analyzed in PLAXIS program, taking into account the same conditions and characteristics of the tests. This helped us to determine the variation of fluency with the geocomposite inclusion compared to the values obtained in the laboratory. The results were satisfactory and it is concluded that there is generation of deformation caused by loads on the ground, influencing the flow capacity of the drain assembly.
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Tran, Tuyen X. "Achievable Rate and Capacity of Amplify-and-Forward Multi-Relay Networks with Channel State Information." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1376743091.
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Jamil, Haqeel Ahmed. "The role of heart rate on functional capacity in chronic heart failure : association or contribution?" Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11932/.
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A key feature of chronic heart failure (CHF) is an inability of the heart rate (HR) to increase in proportion to the level of physical exertion, known as chronotropic incompetence (CI). Increases in HR during exercise contribute to an increase in cardiac output and hence greater blood supply to exercising peripheral muscles. It is generally assumed therefore that a limitation to heart rate rise might contribute to exercise intolerance. Whether CI is a causal factor in CHF has been a long-standing topic of debate and conflicting opinions. This thesis comprises a series of studies aiming to clarify the role of HR on exercise capacity in CHF. The observational study demonstrated a relationship between exercise capacity and heart rate rise, both of which are reduced in the context of heart failure. I have identified an association between the degree of CI and the extent of exercise capacity reduction in CHF, however this relationship is weaker with more severe CHF. I have also shown in two randomised controlled interventional double-blind crossover trials that increasing or decreasing the heart rate response in patients with CHF, does not result in any changes in exercise capacity. Finally, in a double blind case-control study, I have demonstrated a marked difference in heart rate related contractility in CHF compared to controls. This suggests that correcting CI may improve exercise capacity in controls by increasing cardiac output via increases in contractility, and this might not be the case in CHF. Based on these novel findings, I conclude that in patients with CHF, CI is a marker of reduced exercise tolerance in CHF, and cannot be considered to be a causal factor. Aggressively correcting CI should therefore not be pursued as part of the the symptomatic treatment of patients with moderate to severe heart failure in either sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation. Instead the chronotropic adaptation seen with worsening heart failure should be optimised, with the aim to maintain the exertional heart rate rise between 50 to 110 beats per minute.
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Wettathperuma, Arachchige Deepthi Nayananjalie. "Effect of early grain feeding of steers on postabsorptive capacity to utilize acetate and glucose." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49566.
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The aims of the first study were to determine the effects of early weaning followed by a period of high-grain feeding on signaling protein phosphorylation in muscle and on acetate clearance in growing steers. Twelve Angus X Simmental steers were used in the study. Six steers were weaned early (EW) and fed a high-gain diet for 148 d and the remainder were weaned at the normal age (NW). Longissimus muscle tissue biopsies were collected to determine total and phosphorylated forms of AMP kinase and downstream proteins of the mTOR signaling pathway. Of the 12, 8 steers were used to assess acetate clearance at different age points. During early grain feeding, phosphorylated:total ratios of rpS6 and S6K1 were greater in EW steers and they had lower acetate clearance rates and greater synthesis rates. The objectives of second study were to assess the effects of early grain feeding on acetate and glucose turnover rates, palmitate synthesis, and on acetate and glucose preference by subcutaneous, intramuscular and visceral adipose tissues in finishing steers. Sixteen Angus x Simmental steers were infused continuously with [2H3] acetate (n = 8) or [U-13C6] glucose (n = 8), over a 12 h period immediately prior to harvest. Plasma acetate and glucose enrichment, and palmitate enrichment in different adipose tissue locations were determined. There were no treatment effects on acetate or glucose turnover rates or palmitate fractional synthesis rates (FSR). Acetate turnover and palmitate FSR from acetate were greater than the corresponding rates from glucose. There were no differences in preference for acetate or glucose among the fat depots.
In conclusion, phosphorylation ratios of signaling proteins were not affected treatment. Acetate clearance increased when steers were heavier and older. Thus older calves are able to clear more acetate per unit of time and body mass than younger calves reflective of an enhanced ability to utilize the substrate. There were no differences in preference for acetate and glucose among the major fat depots. Thus diets leading to high glucose supply will not preferentially direct energy storage to intramuscular stores.
Ph. D.
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Yang, Lei. "VLSI implementation of low-error-floor multi-rate capacity-approaching low-density parity-check code decoder /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5966.
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Parin, Harika. "Effect Of Pretreatment And Air Temperature On The Drying Rate, Rehydration Capacity And Color Of Artichoke." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605458/index.pdf.
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In this study, cleaned artichoke hearts belonging to three different ages were
dried under constant external conditions at 50, 60 and 70°C using an air inlet velocity of 8.1 m/s. The sample to be dried was pretreated either by keeping it in distilled water or 1% (w/v) ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite solutions for 30 minutes at the corresponding drying temperatures. Further, for comparison, the use of citric acid solution, increasing the concentrations of the solutions, reducing the pretreatment time, effect of degree of trimming and halving the samples were investigated. The experimental drying rate data were treated to estimate the effective diffusivities and the effect of temperature together with the activation energy according to an Arrhenius type relation. For the product quality, rehydration capacity of the dried samples in water at 20°
C as well as their color were determined. As expected, the rate results indicated an increase in the drying rate hence the effective diffusivity with temperature for the distilled water and ascorbic acid pretreated samples. However, a reduction in the rate at the high drying temperature when sodium bisulfite solution used was attributed to the clogging of the pores by the precipitated solid due to rapid evaporation at the surface. Similarly, rehydration capacity and color of the water treated samples were enhanced with temperature where with the solution treated ones a reverse effect was observed. It is also found that the rehydration data could be well represented by Peleg equation. Further, when citric acid solution was used for pretreatment, the results were quite identical to those of ascorbic acid. Also, increasing the ascorbic acid concentration to 2% (w/v) improved color whereas decreasing the dipping time increased discoloration. Finally, as an important parameter, the degree of trimming of the hearts proved to be highly effective on the rate and the other studied parameters as well as the post harvest and storage time.
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Katranaras, Efstathios. "Capacity and achievable sum rate of the cellular uplink with global and clustered multi-cell cooperation." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844587/.
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With the emergence and continuous growth of wireless data services, the value of wireless networks is not only defined by how many users it can support, but also by its ability to concentrate large amounts of data capacity at localized spots. Information theory provides a mathematical framework which quantifies the maximum achievable data rate over a communication channel. More importantly, information theoretic study for capacity of cellular systems suggests base station cooperation as a mean of overcoming inter-cell interference limitations. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the information theoretic capacity of the cellular uplink. In order to quantify the performance of the current and future engineering solutions, the designers need to know the rate limits that a particular multi-user cellular system can provide and how far from the limit, lays the efficiency of their design. The gap between the information theoretic limit and the performance of currently known systems will also determine if the current systems are already saturated or have a potential to provide higher rates. More specifically, the thesis focuses on extending the known formulations for the cellular uplink under BS cooperation by; 1) incorporating, modeling and investigating the various effects of the multi-user channel that correspond to a real-world communication system (e.g. path loss, multipath and shadow fading, thermal noise) to provide a fundamental limit for the capacity of the wireless cellular network, 2) evaluating the effect of various practical parameters of real-world cellular systems on capacity, such as inter site distance, number of UTs per-cell, UT distribution over the cells, UT transmit power, 3) investigating how multiple directional antennas for site sectorization may improve the networks communication rates and, 4) exploring the achieving communication rates of clustered cellular systems as a more feasible strategy to be implemented nowadays to find when clustered cooperation becomes more beneficial.
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Axelsson, Manfred, and Amandus Johansson. "Effektiviseringsmöjligheter avseende fyllnadsgrad : En jämförande analys mellan nuläge och optimerat resultat." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-28001.
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The study aims to provide information on efficiency opportunities on SCA's northbound cassettes. It has been made by examining the capacity utilization rate on the northbound cassettes on SCA's vessels for a period of two weeks. The cargo loaded in the ports of Rotterdam and Sheerness consists of external cargo of varying shape. The cargo is shipped northbound to Holmsund and Sundsvall. Measurements have been made on the cargo to the final destinations Sundsvall, Holmsund and Finland. The measurements have been used in a mathematical optimization model created to optimize the loading of the cassettes. The model is based on placing boxes in a grid where the boxes that are placed representing the cargo and the grids representing the cassettes. The aim of the model is to reduce the number of cassettes and thereby increase the capacity utilization rate. The study resulted in an increase in capacity utilization rate for both area and volume to all destinations. The overall improvement for all cassettes examined resulted in an increase in the area capacity utilization rate by 9.02 percentage points and 5.72 percentage points for the volume capacity utilization rate. It also resulted in a decrease of 22 cassettes in total on the four voyages that were examined which indicate that there are opportunities to improve the capacity utilization rate. The study also shows that the model can be used as a basis for similar problems.
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Vu, Hung Van. "Capacities of Bernoulli-Gaussian Impulsive Noise Channels in Rayleigh Fading." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1407370145.
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Dhillon, Harpreet Singh. "Optimal Sum-Rate of Multi-Band MIMO Interference Channel." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34766.
Full textAbstract:
While the channel capacity of an isolated noise-limited wireless link is well-understood, the same is not true for the interference-limited wireless links that coexist in the same area and occupy the same frequency band(s). The performance of these wireless systems is coupled to each other due to the mutual interference. One such wireless scenario is modeled as a network of simultaneously communicating node pairs and is generally referred to as an interference channel (IC). The problem of characterizing the capacity of an IC is one of the most interesting and long-standing open problems in information theory.
A popular way of characterizing the capacity of an IC is to maximize the achievable sum-rate by treating interference as Gaussian noise, which is considered optimal in low-interference scenarios. While the sum-rate of the single-band SISO IC is relatively well understood, it is not so when the users have multiple-bands and multiple-antennas for transmission. Therefore, the study of the optimal sum-rate of the multi-band MIMO IC is the main goal of this thesis. The sum-rate maximization problem for these ICs is formulated and is shown to be quite similar to the one already known for single-band MIMO ICs. This problem is reduced to the problem of finding the optimal fraction of power to be transmitted over each spatial channel in each frequency band. The underlying optimization problem, being non-linear and non-convex, is difficult to solve analytically or by employing local optimization techniques. Therefore, we develop a global optimization algorithm by extending the Reformulation and Linearization Technique (RLT) based Branch and Bound (BB) strategy to find the provably optimal solution to this problem.
We further show that the spatial and spectral channels are surprisingly similar in a multi-band multi-antenna IC from a sum-rate maximization perspective. This result is especially interesting because of the dissimilarity in the way the spatial and frequency channels affect the perceived interference. As a part of this study, we also develop some rules-of-thumb regarding the optimal power allocation strategies in multi-band MIMO ICs in various interference regimes.
Due to the recent popularity of Interference Alignment (IA) as a means of approaching capacity in an IC (in high-interference regime), we also compare the sum-rates achievable by our technique to the ones achievable by IA. The results indicate that the proposed power control technique performs better than IA in the low and intermediate interference regimes. Interestingly, the performance of the power control technique improves further relative to IA with an increase in the number of orthogonal spatial or frequency channels.Master of Science
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Gorgoglione, Matteo. "Analyse et construction de codes LDPC non-binaires pour des canaux à evanouissement." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CERG0578/document.
Full textAbstract:
Au cours des 15 dernières années, des progrès spectaculaires dans l'analyse et la conception des codes définis par des graphes bipartites et dé-codables par des algorithmes itératifs ont permis le développement de systèmes de correction d'erreurs, avec des performances de plus en plus proches la limite théorique de Shannon. Dans ce contexte, un rôle déterminant a été joué par la famille des codes à matrice de parité creuse, appelés codes LDPC (pour « Low-Density Parity-Check », en anglais), introduit par Gallager au début des années 60 et décrits plus tard en termes de graphes bipartites. Négligés pendant de longues années, ces codes ont été redécouverts à la fin des années 90, après que la puissance du décodage itératif a été mise en évidence grâce à l'invention des Turbo-codes. Ce n'est qu'au début des années 2000 que les techniques nécessaires à l'analyse et l'optimisation des codes LDPC ont été développées, techniques qui ont permis ensuite la construction des codes avec des performances asymptotiques proches de la limite de Shannon. Cette remarquable avancée a motivé l'intérêt croissant de la communauté scientifique et soutenu le transfert rapide de cette technologie vers le secteur industriel. Plus récemment, un intérêt tout particulier a été porté aux codes LDPC définis sur des alphabets non-binaires, grâce notamment à leur meilleure capacité de correction en « longueur finie ». Bien que Gallager ait déjà proposé l'utilisation des alphabets non-binaires, en utilisant l'arithmétique modulaire, les codes LDPC non-binaires définis sur les corps finis n'ont étés étudiés qu'à partir de la fin des années 90. Il a été montré que ces codes offrent de meilleures performances que leurs équivalents binaires lorsque le bloc codé est de longueur faible à modérée, ou lorsque les symboles transmis sur le canal sont eux-mêmes des symboles non-binaires, comme par exemple dans le cas des modulations d'ordre supérieur ou des canaux à antennes multiples.Cependant, ce gain en performance implique un coût non négligeable en termes de complexité de décodage, quipeut entraver l'utilisation des codes LDPC non binaires dans des systèmes réels, surtout lorsque le prix à payer encomplexité est plus important que le gain en performance.Cette thèse traite de l'analyse et de la conception des codes LDPC non binaires pour des canaux à évanouissements. L'objectif principal de la thèse est de démontrer que, outre le gain en performance en termes de capacité de correction, l'emploi des codes LDPC non binaires peut apporter des bénéfices supplémentaires,qui peuvent compenser l'augmentation de la complexité du décodeur. La « flexibilité » et la « diversité »représentent les deux bénéfices qui seront démontrées dans cette thèse. La « flexibilité » est la capacité d'unsystème de codage de pouvoir s'adapter à des débits (rendements) variables tout en utilisant le même encodeuret le même décodeur. La « diversité » se rapporte à sa capacité d'exploiter pleinement l'hétérogénéité du canal de communication.La première contribution de cette thèse consiste à développer une méthode d'approximation de l'évolution de densité des codes LDPC non-binaires, basée sur la simulation Monte-Carlo d'un code « infini ». Nous montrons que la méthode proposée fournit des estimations très fines des performances asymptotiques des codes LDPCnon-binaires et rend possible l'optimisation de ces codes pour une large gamme d'applications et de modèles de canaux.La deuxième contribution de la thèse porte sur l'analyse et la conception de système de codage flexible,utilisant des techniques de poinçonnage. Nous montrons que les codes LDPC non binaires sont plus robustes au poinçonnage que les codes binaires, grâce au fait que les symboles non-binaires peuvent être partialement poinçonnés. Pour les codes réguliers, nous montrons que le poinçonnage des codes non-binaires obéit à des règles différentes, selon que l'on poinçonne des symboles deOver the last 15 years, spectacular advances in the analysis and design of graph-basedcodes and iterative decoding techniques paved the way for the development of error correctionsystems operating very close to the theoretical Shannon limit. A prominent rolehas been played by the class of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, introduced inthe early 60's by Gallager's and described latter in terms of sparse bipartite graphs. In theearly 2000's, LDPC codes were shown to be capacity approaching codes for a wide rangeof channel models, which motivated the increased interest of the scientific community andsupported the rapid transfer of this technology to the industrial sector. Over the past fewyears there has been an increased interest in non-binary LDPC codes due to their enhancedcorrection capacity. Although Gallager already proposed in his seminal work the use ofnon-binary alphabets (by using modular arithmetic), non-binary LDPC codes defined overfinite fields have only been investigated starting with the late 90's. They have been provento provide better performance than their binary counterparts when the block-length issmall to moderate, or when the symbols sent through channel are not binary, which is thecase for high-order modulations or for multiple-antennas channels. However, the performancegain comes at a non-negligible cost in the decoding complexity, which may prohibitthe use of non-binary LDPC codes in practical systems, especially when the price to payin decoding complexity is too high for the performance gain that one can get.This thesis addresses the analysis and design of non-binary LDPC codes for fadingchannels. The main goal is to demonstrate that besides the gain in the decoding performance,the use of non-binary LDPC codes can bring additional benefits that may offsetthe extra cost in decoding complexity. Flexibility and diversity are the two benefitsthat we demonstrate in this thesis. The exibility is the capacity of a coding system toaccommodate multiple coding rates through the use of a unique encoder/decoder pair. Thediversity of a coding system relates to its capacity to fully exploit the communicationchannel's heterogeneity.The first contribution of the thesis is the development of a Density Evolution approximationmethod, based on the Monte-Carlo simulation of an infinite code. We showthat the proposed method provides accurate and precise estimates of non-binary ensemblethresholds, and makes possible the optimization of non-binary codes for a wide range ofapplications and channel models.The second contribution of the thesis consists of the analysis and design of flexiblecoding schemes through the use of puncturing. We show that the non-binary LDPCcodes are more robust to puncturing than their binary counterparts, thanks to the factthat non-binary symbol-nodes can be only partially punctured. For regular codes, we showthat the design of puncturing patterns must respect different rules depending on whetherthe symbol-nodes are of degree 2 or higher. For irregular codes we propose an optimizationprocedure and we present optimized puncturing distributions for non-binary LDPC codes,iiiwhich exhibit a gap to capacity between 0.2 and 0.5dB , for punctured rates varying from0.5 to 0.9.The third contribution investigates the non-binary LDPC codes transmitted over aRayleigh (fast) fading channel, in which different modulated symbols are affected by differentfading factors. In case of one-to-one correspondence between modulated and codedsymbols, deep fading can make some coded symbols totally unrecoverable, leading to apoor system performance. In order to avoid this phenomenon, binary diversity can beexploited by using a bit-interleaver module placed between the encoder and the modulator.We propose an optimized interleaving algorithm, inspired from the Progressive Edge-Growth (PEG) method, which ensures maximum girth of th
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Guvensen, Gokhan Muzaffer. "Near Capacity Operating Practical Transceivers For Wireless Fading Channels." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610398/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have received much attention due to their
multiplexing and diversity capabilities. It is possible to obtain remarkable improvement
in spectral efficiency for wireless systems by using MIMO based schemes. However, sophisticated
equalization and decoding structures are required for reliable communication at
high rates. In this thesis, capacity achieving practical transceiver structures are proposed for
MIMO wireless channels depending on the availability of channel state information at the
transmitter (CSIT).
First, an adaptive MIMO scheme based on the use of quantized CSIT and reduced precoding
idea is proposed. With the help of a very tight analytical upper bound obtained for limited
rate feedback (LRF) MIMO capacity, it is possible to construct an adaptive scheme varying
the number of beamformers used according to the average SNR value. It is shown that
this strategy always results in a significantly higher achievable rate than that of the schemes
which does not use CSIT, if the number of transmit antennas is greater than that of receive
antennas.
Secondly, it is known that the use of CSIT does not bring significant improvement over
capacity, when similar number of transmit and receive antennas are usedon the other hand, it reduces the complexity of demodulation at the receiver by converting the channel into noninterfering subchannels. However, it is shown in this thesis that it is still possible to achieve a performance very close to the outage probability and exploit the space-frequency diversity benefits of the wireless fading channel without compromising the receiver complexity, even if the CSIT is not used. The proposed receiver structure is based on iterative forward and backward filtering to suppress the interference both in time and space followed by a spacetime decoder. The rotation of multidimensional constellations for block fading channels and the single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) technique for wideband MIMO channels are studied as example applications.
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Dooley, Jeffrey Brandon. "Effects of system cycling, evaporator airflow, and condenser coil fouling on the performance of residential split-system air conditioners." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1513.
Full textAbstract:
Three experimental studies were conducted to quantify the effects of system
cycling, evaporator airflow, and condenser coil fouling on the performance of residential
air conditioners. For all studies, the indoor dry-bulb (db) temperature was 80°F (26.7°C)
db. The cycling study consisted of twelve transient tests conducted with an outdoor
temperature of 95°F (35°C) db for cycle times of 6, 10, 15, and 24 minutes. Indoor
relative humidities of 40%, 50%, and 60% were also considered. The evaporator airflow
study consisted of twenty-four steady-state tests conducted with an indoor condition of
67°F (19.4°C) wet-bulb (wb) for evaporator airflows ranging from 50% below to 37.5%
above rated airflow. Outdoor temperatures of 85°F (29.4°C) db, 95°F (35°C) db, and
105°F (40.6°C) db were also considered. The coil fouling study used a total of six
condensers that were exposed to an outdoor environment for predetermined amounts of
time and tested periodically. Three of the condensers were cleaned and retested during
the periodic testing cycles. Testing consisted of thirty-three steady-state tests conducted
with an indoor condition of 67°F (19.4°C) wb for outdoor exposure times of 0, 2000,
4000, and 8000 hours. Outdoor temperatures of 82°F (27.8°C) db and 95°F (35°C) db
were also considered.
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Ain-Ul-Aisha, FNU. "Fundamental Limits of Poisson Channels in Visible Light Communications." Digital WPI, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/475.
Full textAbstract:
Visible Light Communications (VLC) has recently emerged as a viable solution for solving the spectrum shortage problem. The idea is to use artificial light sources as medium to communicate with portable devices. In particular, the light sources can be switched on and off with a very high-frequency corresponding to 1s and 0s of digital communication. The high-frequency on-off switching can be detected by electronic devices but not the human eyes, and hence will not affect the light sources' illumination functions. In VLC, if a receiver is equipped with photodiodes that count the number of arriving photons, the channels can be modeled as Poisson channels. Unlike Gaussian channels that are suitable for radio spectrum and have been intensively investigated, Poisson channels are more challenging and are not that well understood. The goal of this thesis is to characterize the fundamental limits of various Poisson channels that models different scenarios in VLC. We first focus on single user Poisson fading channels with time-varying background lights. Our model is motivated by indoor optical wireless communication systems, in which the noise level is affected by the strength of the background light. We study both the single-input single-output (SISO) and the multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) channels. For each channel, we consider scenarios with and without delay constraints. For the case without a delay constraint, we characterize the optimal power allocation scheme that maximizes the ergodic capacity. For the case with a strict delay constraint, we characterize the optimal power allocation scheme that minimizes the outage probability. We then extend the study to the multi-user Poisson channels and analyze the sum-rate capacity of two-user Poisson multiple access channels (MAC). We first characterize the sum-rate capacity of the non-symmetric Poisson MAC when each transmitter has a single antenna. We show that, for certain channel parameters, it is optimal for a single-user to transmit to achieve the sum-rate capacity. This is in sharp contrast to the Gaussian MAC, in which both users must transmit, either simultaneously or at different times, in order to achieve the sum-rate capacity. We then characterize the sum-rate capacity of the Poisson MAC with multiple antennas at each transmitter. By converting a non-convex optimization problem with a large number of variables into a non-convex optimization problem with two variables, we show that the sum-rate capacity of the Poisson MAC with multiple transmit antennas is equivalent to a properly constructed Poisson MAC with a single antenna at each transmitter. We further analyze the sum-rate capacity of two-user Poisson MIMO multiple-access channels (MAC), when both the transmitters and the receiver are equipped with multiple antennas. We first characterize the sum-rate capacity of the Poisson MAC when each transmitter has a single antenna and the receiver has multiple antennas. We show that similar to Poisson MISO-MAC channels, for certain channel parameters, it is optimal for a single user to transmit to achieve the sum-rate capacity, and for certain channel parameters, it is optimal for both users to transmit. We then characterize the sum-rate capacity of the channel where both the transmitters and the receiver are equipped with multiple antennas. We show that the sum-rate capacity of the Poisson MAC with multiple transmit antennas is equivalent to a properly constructed Poisson MAC with a single antenna at each transmitter.
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Thanh, Son Dao, Hong-Son Le Nguyen, Tan-Minh Vo, Thi-My-Chi Vo, The-Huy Phan, and Thi Nhu-Phuong Bui. "Growth and metal uptake capacity of microalgae under exposure to chromium." Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32709.
Full textAbstract:
Microalgae play a key function in aquatic ecosystems. Their development and growth are strongly regulated by trace metals as essential elements. However, trace metals could cause negative effects when exceeding certain concentrations in the environment. In this study we tested the development and growth rate of two freshwater microalgae, the cyanobacterium Pseudanabeana mucicola and
the green alga Pediastrum duplex, from Vietnam over the period of 14 days exposing to chromium (Cr) at the concentrations up to 1,936 μg L-1. Besides, the Cr uptake and absorption by P. mucicola were evaluated over 7 days incubated in medium containing 422 μg Cr L-1. The results showed that Cr at the concentrations up to 1,078 μg L-1 did not inhibit the development and growth rate of P. mucicola. Similarly, concentration of 224 μg Cr L-1 had no adverse effects on growth of P. duplex. The cyanobacterium P. mucicola could make a reduction up to 71% of Cr in the test medium, hence become a distinguished candidate for metal phytoremediation. To the best of our knowledge this is the first investigation on the responses and absorption of Cr by freshwater microalgae from Vietnam.Vi tảo đóng vai trò quan trọng trong hệ sinh thái thủy vực. Sự sinh trưởng và phát triển của chúng được điều tiết mạnh mẽ bởi kim loại vi lượng như những yếu tố thiết yếu. Tuy nhiên, những kim loại vi lượng này có thể gây ra những ảnh hưởng tiêu cực khi vượt quá nồng độ nhất định trong môi trường. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi thử nghiệm sự phát triển và tốc độ phát triển của hai loài vi tảo nước ngọt: loài tảo lam Pseudanabeana mucicola và loài tảo lục Pediastrum duplex có nguồn gốc từ Việt Nam trong thời gian 14 ngày phơi nhiễm với crôm (Cr) tại nồng độ lên tới 1.936 μg L-1. Bên cạnh đó, sự hấp thu Cr của P. mucicola cũng đã được đánh giá trong thời gian 7 ngày nuôi trong môi trường chứa 422 μg Cr L-1. Kết quả cho thấy Cr tại nồng độ lên tới 1.078 μg L-1 không kìm hãm sự phát triển và tốc độ sinh trưởng của P. mucicola. Tương tự, tại nồng độ 224 μg Cr L-1 không có bất kì ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến sự phát triển của P. duplex. Loài tảo lam P. mucicola có thể làm giảm 71% hàm lượng Cr trong môi trường thí nghiệm, vì vậy được xem là ứng viên sáng giá cho quá trình xử lý môi trường ô nhiễm kim loại bằng thực vật . Theo hiểu biết của nhóm tác giả, đây là nghiên cứu đầu tiên về đáp ứng và hấp thu Cr bởi những vi tảo nước ngọt có nguồn gốc từ Việt Nam.
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Szulczewski, Michael Lawrence. "Storage capacity and injection rate estimates for CO₂ sequestration in deep saline aquifers in the conterminous United States." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53087.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-148).
A promising method to mitigate global warming is injecting CO₂ into deep saline aquifers. In order to ensure the safety of this method, it is necessary to understand how much CO₂ can be injected into an aquifer and at what rate. Since offsetting nationwide emissions requires storing very large quantities of CO₂, these properties must be understood at the large scale of geologic basins. In this work, we develop simple models of storage capacity and injection rate at the basin scale. We develop a storage capacity model that calculates how much CO₂ an aquifer can store based on how the plume of injected CO₂ migrates. We also develop an injection rate model that calculates the maximum rate at which CO₂ can be injected into an aquifer based on the pressure rise in the aquifer. We use these models to estimate storage capacities and maximum injection rates for a variety of reservoirs throughout the United States, and compare the results to predicted emissions from coal-burning power plants over the next twenty-five years and fifty years. Our results suggest that the United States has enough storage capacity to sequester all of the CO₂ emitted from coal-burning plants over the next 25 years. Furthermore, our results indicate that CO₂ can be sequestered at the same rate it is emitted for this time period without fracturing the aquifers. For emissions over the next 50 years, however, the results are less clear: while the United States will likely have enough capacity, maintaining sufficiently high injection rates could be problematic.
by Michael Lawrence Szulczewski.
S.M.
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Karlsson, Denise. "Do people with larger lungs speak in longer utterances and inhale less frequently? : Relationships between lung capacity, respiratory rate, proportion of lung capacity used for speech and utterance durations." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182407.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the relationship between lung capacity, speech volume and duration of utterances. 8 adult subjects, 4 males and 4 females (24-36 yrs), participated. By breathing into a digital spirometer, lung capacities such as Vital Capacity (VC) and Inspirational Capacity (IC) were estimated. Respiratory movements were measured using Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography (RIP), and these respiratory movements were calibrated in litres using the spirometer. The proportion of lung capacity used for speech was estimated from the calibrated RIP signals during reading of a nonsense text without punctuation marks. This proportion was defined as the median volume of exhaled air per utterance (SV) (in litres) during text reading, divided by the speaker’s VC (SV/VC). Utterance durations (UD) and Respiratory Rates (RR) were estimated from acoustic recordings of the text readings as well as the RIP signals, displayed in Praat. This allowed investigating the relationships between lung capacity, respiratory rate, utterance durations as well as the proportion of lung capacity used for speech. Put differently, the question was whether people with larger lungs speak in longer utterances and inhale less frequently, as well as whether people with smaller lungs use a relatively larger proportion of their lung capacity for speaking. Additionally, where SV initiated (SVIN) and terminated (SVTER) within VC was calculated based on the RIP signals. There were no significant relationships between VC and UD or RR. In addition, there was no significant relationship between SV/VC and VC. SVIN ranged from 43%-71% and SVTER ranged from 17%-55%. The results indicate no relationship between VC and UD or RR nor that people with a smaller VC use more of it for speech. The range of SV within VC suggest that people maintain a fairly relaxed state with regards to muscle pressure.
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Kuchiki, Akifumi. "Effectiveness of the Flowchart Approach to Industrial Cluster Policy in Asia." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11950.
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Potts, James Edward. "The effects of training on anaerobic capacity, anaerobic power, and rate of fatigue of prepubertal, elite ice hockey players." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25153.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 16 week training programme on selected on-ice and laboratory variables of 9-10 year-old boys involved in a competitive ice hockey programme.
Twenty-four players from two A-level representative teams were selected as subjects for this study. Players from one team served as the training group while players from the second team served as the age-matched control group.
On-ice measures were calculated from a Repeat Sprint Skate (RSS) whereby subjects performed 4 repetitions of 91.45 metres, commencing each repetition every 35 seconds. Laboratory measures included a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) which was extended to 40 seconds, an Anaerobic Speed Test (AST), and strength and power measurements (30, 100, 180 deg*sec⁻¹) of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups.
Results from this study indicate that the training group showed significant (p = .05) improvement over the control group in the following variables: (1) the AST; (2) RQ (30 deg*sec⁻¹);
(3) RH (30 deg*sec⁻¹); (4) RH (100 deg*sec⁻¹) ; (5) LH (30 deg*sec⁻¹).
Findings from this study indicate that intense anaerobic training will benefit prepubertal ice hockey players on selected anaerobic and strength measures.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Svedin, Jeffrey David. "Characterizing the Spatial Variation of Crop Water Productivity for Variable-Rate Irrigation Management." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6878.
Full textAbstract:
Irrigated agriculture is the primary consumer of limited worldwide freshwater resources. Drought, growing world populations, and environmental demands compete with irrigation for freshwater resources"”threatening sustainable global food, fuel, and fiber production. This escalating global crisis demands that agriculture produce more food using less water. Traditional irrigation management has used technology to apply uniform irrigation rates across landscapes"”ignoring natural environmental variation. This provides inherent inefficiencies of over- or under- irrigation within individual fields. Variable-rate irrigation (VRI) is modern technology that employs global positioning systems and geographic information systems to match irrigation to spatially variable crop water demands within a field. Although commercially available, VRI lacks scientifically validated decision support systems to determine spatially and temporally variable crop water demand. The purpose of this research is to explore spatial and temporal variations in crop water demand to inform growers utilizing VRI. This research consists of four seasons of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production on a commercial farm in Idaho that employs a VRI system. In Chapter 1, the spatial variation of crop water productivity (CWP, the grain produced per unit of water consumed), is characterized for two seasons (2016-2017) and we propose a unique conceptual strategy for VRI management targeted at CWP. Observed CWP ranged from 4.1-21 kg ha-1 mm-1 with distinct spatial variation that, when considered together with grain yield, were shown to be useful for VRI management. During the 2017 growing season, VRI zones conserved 25% of irrigation compared to traditional uniform irrigation management. In the second chapter the spatial variation of soil water holding capacity (SWHC) was measured at 90 sampling points throughout the field. Then, during the 2016-2017 growing seasons, the spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture were modelled to characterize crop stress and its influence on grain yield. Soil within the field showed large spatial variation of SWHC, ranging from 147-369 mm. Under uniform irrigation in 2016, the natural variation of TAW created 21 day variation in the onset of crop stress throughout the field and under VRI in 2017 the onset of crop stress spanned 56 d. Surprisingly the variations in TAW did not statistically influence yield in 2016, and in 2017 the rate of irrigation predicted yield and TAW again did not statistically predict yield. This suggests that other environmental variables should be included when delineating irrigation zones and rates for VRI.
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Tsurumaru, Hiroshi. "Comprehensive evaluation of oxidative capacity of ambient air with new detection technique of HOx (OH, HO{2}) radical production rate." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/195990.
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Wells, Maria Catherine. "Assessing the Implementation of Aerobic Exercise for Post-Stroke Patients at an Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospital: A Retrospective Case Series." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1587407726887125.
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Byenkya, Gilbert Steven. "Impact of undesirable plant communities on the carrying capacity and livestock performance in pastoral systems of south-western Uganda." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/255.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of undesirable plant communities (Cymbopogon afronardus and woody species dominated by Acacia species) on livestock carrying capacity and performance was investigated on 15 farms in an Acacia/Cymbopogon dominated pastoral system of south-western Uganda. Species prevalence based on basal cover for grasses, frequency for forbs and effective canopy cover for trees/shrubs were determined on farms. The PHYGROW model was used to predict forage productivity for computation of carrying capacity. The NIRS/NUTBAL nutritional management system was used to determine cattle dietary CP and DOM through fecal scans and to estimate animal performance.
Cymbopogon afronardus had a prevalence of 10.29% among the grasses while Acacia gerrardii (34.37%) and Acacia hockii (33.66%) were the most prevalent woody species. Forage productivity differed significantly among the farms with a mean long-term annual forage yield of 4560(SE+41) kg/ha. Farms infested with Cymbopogon and woody species produced the least amount of forage and therefore had the lowest carrying capacities (0.38 -0.39 AU/ha) while improved farms had comparatively higher forage yields with higher carrying capacities (0.49 - 0.52 AU/ha). A mean carrying capacity for the system was estimated at 0.44 AU/ha using a 25% harvest efficiency for ANPP. All the farms were overstocked, on average by 3.2 times.
Livestock BCS, diet CP and DOM were significantly different (P<0.0001) among the different farm types. BCS were highest on improved farms and lowest on Cymbopogon infested farms while dietary CP and DOM values were lowest on improved farms and highest on farms with a high woody component. Farms with a relatively high woody component exhibited intermediate BCS despite the high dietary CP values. Cattle on Cymbopogon infested farms had consistently lower body weights over the months although there were no significant differences in daily live weight gains among farms.
Recommendations included need for research into appropriate control measures for both Cymbopogon afronardus and woody species, farmer sensitization about overstocking, research to improve forage quality on improved farms and need for feed supplementation for improved breeds on improved farms. Integration of NIRS/NUTBAL and PHYGROW models into the research and management systems was desirable. The observed increase in Sporobolus spp. required investigation.
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Khatami, Seyed Mehrdad. "Read Channel Modeling, Detection, Capacity Estimation and Two-Dimensional Modulation Codes for TDMR." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577306.
Full textAbstract:
Magnetic recording systems have reached a point where the grain size can no longer be reduced due to energy stability constraints. As a new magnetic recording paradigm, two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) relies on sophisticated signal processing and coding algorithms, a much less expensive alternative to radically altering the media or the read/write head as required for the other technologies. Due to 1) the significant reduction of grains per bit, and 2) the aggressive shingled writing, TDMR faces several formidable challenges. Firstly, severe interference is introduced in both down-track and cross-track directions due to the read/write head dimensions. Secondly, reduction in the number of grains per bit results in variations of bit boundaries which consequently lead to data-dependent jitter noise. Moreover, the bit to grain ratio reduction will cause some bits not to be properly magnetized or to be overwritten which introduces write errors to the system. The nature of write and read processes in TDMR necessitates that the information storage be viewed as a two-dimensional (2D) system. The challenges in TDMR signal processing are 1) an accurate read channel model, 2) mitigating the effect of inter-track interference (ITI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) by using an equalizer, 3) developing 2D modulation/error correcting codes matching the TDMR channel model, 4) design of truly 2D detectors, and 5) computing the lower bounds on capacity of TDMR channel. The work is concerned with several objectives in regard to the challenges in TDMR systems. 1. TDMR Channel Modeling: As one of the challenges of the project, the 2D Microcell model is introduced as a read channel model for TDMR. This model captures the data-dependent properties of the media noise and it is well suited in regard to detector design. In line with what has been already done in TDMR channel models, improvements can be made to tune the 2D Microcell model for different bit to grain densities. Furthermore, the 2D Microcell model can be modified to take into account dependency between adjacent microtrack borders positions. This assumption will lead to more accurate model in term of closeness to the Voronoi model. 2. Detector Design: The need for 2D detection is not unique to TDMR systems. However, it is still largely an open problem to develop detectors that are close to optimal maximum likelihood (ML) detection for the 2D case. As one of the important blocks of the TDMR system, the generalized belief propagation (GBP) detector is developed and introduced as a near ML detector. Furthermore, this detector is tuned to improve the performance for the TDMR channel model. 3. Channel Capacity Estimation: Two dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) is a new paradigm in data storage which envisions densities up to 10 Tb/in² as a result of drastically reducing bit to grain ratio. In order to reach this goal aggressive write (shingled writing) and read process are used in TDMR. Kavcic et al. proposed a simple magnetic grain model called the granular tiling model which captures the essence of read/write process in TDMR. Capacity bounds for this model indicate that 0.6 user bit per grain densities are possible, however, previous attempt to reach capacities are not close to the channel capacity. We provide a truly two-dimensional detection scheme for the granular tiling model based on generalized belief propagation (GBP). Factor graph interpretation of the detection problem is provided and formulated in this section. Then, GBP is employed to compute marginal a posteriori probabilities for the constructed factor graph. Simulation results show huge improvements in detection. A lower bound on the mutual information rate (MIR) is also derived for this model based on GBP detector. Moreover, for the Voronoi channel model, the MIR is estimated for the case of constrained and unconstrained input. 4. Modulation Codes: Constrained codes also known as modulation codes are a key component in the digital magnetic recording systems. The constrained code forbids particular input data patterns which lead to some of the dominant error events or higher media noise. The goal of the dissertation in regard to modulation codes is to construct a 2D modulation code for the TDMR channel which improves the overall performance of the TDMR system. Furthermore, we implement an algorithm to estimate the capacity of the 2D modulation codes based on generalized belief propagation (GBP) algorithm. The capacity is also calculated in presence of white and colored noise which is the case for TDMR channel. 5. Joint Detection and Decoding Schemes: In data recording systems, a concatenated approach toward the constrained code and error-correcting code (ECC) is typically used and the decoding is done independently. We show the improvement in combining the decoding of the constrained code and the ECC using GBP algorithm. We consider the performance of a combined modulation constraints and the ECC on a binary-input additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel (BIAWGNC) and also over one-dimensional (1D) and 2D ISI channels. We will show that combining the detection, demodulation and decoding results in a superior performance compared to concatenated schemes.
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Inga, Pravdinskienė. "Influence of ergometry mode and training adaptation specificity on aerobic capacity in athletes." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20110112_143413-44371.
Full textAbstract:
Research hypothesis
The dependence of maximal and submaximal indices of aerobic fitness and cardio respiratory system function on the type of ergometry will change due to specific impact of slow adaptation of the researched athletes. The functional indices of persons of different athletic fitness and sports specialization responsible for general adaptation of the human body to physical loads should vary less performing different continuously increasing loads or constant physical loads compared to those fitness indices which more depend on the adaptation specificity of trained muscles.
The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of indices of athletes’ aerobic fitness and cardio respiratory system function in dependence on ergometry and the specificity of slow adaptation.
Research objectives:
1. To compare maximal and submaximal values of indices of cardio respiratory system function of swimmers and untrained persons during cycling and arm ergometry.
2. To compare maximal values of indices of cardio respiratory system function of athletes in dependence on ergometry and the specificity of slow adaptation.
3. To compare submaximal values of indices of cardio respiratory system function of athletes in dependence on ergometry and the specificity of slow adaptation.
4. To compare the changes in the indices of cardio respiratory system function of athletes in the transitional phases of different constant physical load in dependence on ergometry and the specificity of... [to full text]Tyrimo hipotezė. Maksimalių ir submaksimalių aerobinio pajėgumo ir vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių priklausomumas nuo ergometrijos pobūdžio pakis dėl specifinio tiriamų sportininkų lėtos adaptacijos poveikio. Skirtingo treniruotumo ir sportinės specializacijos asmenų organizmo funkcijos rodikliai, atsakingi už bendrąją organizmo adaptaciją fiziniams krūviams, turėtų mažiau skirtis atliekant skirtingo pobūdžio nuosekliai didinamus ar pastovius fizinius krūvius, negu tie pajėgumo rodikliai, kurie labiau priklauso nuo treniruojamų raumenų adaptacijos specifikos. Tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti sportininkų aerobinio pajėgumo ir vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių ypatumus priklausomai nuo ergometrijos ir lėtosios adaptacijos specifikos. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Palyginti plaukikų ir nesportuojančių asmenų maksimalias ir submaksimalias vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių reikšmes įvairaus pobūdžio darbe. 2. Palyginti sportininkų maksimalias vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių reikšmes įvairaus pobūdžio darbe priklausomai nuo ergometrijos ir lėtosios adaptacijos specifikos. 3. Palyginti sportininkų submaksimalias vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių reikšmes įvairaus pobūdžio darbe priklausomai nuo ergometrijos ir lėtosios adaptacijos specifikos. 4. Palyginti sportininkų vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių kaitą pereinamosiose pastovaus intensyvumo įvairaus pobūdžio darbo fazėse priklausomai nuo ergometrijos ir lėtosios adaptacijos specifikos. Tyrimo rezultatų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Lowry, Bonita Kristine. "Zinnia Growth and Water Use Efficiency in a Rate Study of Coconut Coir Pith and Sphagnum Peat Moss in Container Growing Substrates." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1419244167.
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Brestovansky, Dennis Francis. "The Influence of competition on chemical process plant profitability and the selection of capacity and production rate : microeconomics and game theory models /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1986. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8020.
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Gillie, Brandon L. "Predictors and Consequences of Thought Suppression Ability: A Replication and Extension." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1467234514.
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He, Chao. "Improving System Performance in Cellular and WBAN Networks via User-Specific QoS and MIMO In Vivo Technologies." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5496.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is composed of two independent studies: Cellular research and WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) research. Both investigations are directed towards improving the system performance in wireless communication systems in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) and system capacity.
For the Cellular research part, this dissertation will present novel user-specific QoS requirements as defined by their respective Mean Opinion Score (MOS) formulas, and associated schedulers for wireless applications and systems that optimize spectral allocation. User-specific QoS requirements are defined and several methods to make use of such requirements to maximum the spectral utilization are presented. Five User-Specific QoS Aware (USQA) schedulers are proposed that consider the user-specific QoS requirements in the allocation of spectral resources. Schedulers are introduced that dynamically adapt to the user-specific QoS requirements to improve quality as measured by the MOS, or the system capacity, or can improve both the quality and system capacity.
Due to the different cell deployment arrangements and inter-cell interference in heterogeneous networks in comparison to homogeneous networks, the USQA scheduling is also analyzed and the system performance is evaluated in such networks. Throughput improvements of File Transfer Protocol (FTP) applications benefiting from the rate adaptation and MAC (Media Access Control) scheduling algorithms for video applications that incorporate user-specific QoS requirements to improve system capacity are demonstrated.
Another novel approach recognizes that the user-specific frequency sensitivity can be used to improve capacity. There is considerable variation in the audible range of frequencies that can be perceived by individuals, especially at the high frequency end, which is primarily affected by a gradual decline with age. This can be utilized to improve the system performance by personalizing the VoIP codecs and decreasing the user's source data rate for people from an older age group and thus increase the system capacity.
Given the potentially substantial system performance gain resulting from the USQA schedulers, it is critical to analyze their feasibility and complexity in practical LTE (4G cellular) and future wireless systems. From the LTE system perspective, LTE QoS end-to-end signaling procedures are addressed, and corresponding protocol adaptations are analyzed in order to support the USQA schedulers. In addition, the optimal scheduling period is analyzed that trades off between performance gain and implementation complexity.
In the WBAN research, MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) in vivo antenna technologies are introduced and are motivated by the high data rate requirements of wirelessly transmitted low-delay High Definition (HD) video during Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS). MIMO in vivo technologies are proposed to be used in the in vivo environments to enhance and determine the maximum data transmission rate while satisfying the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) power limitations. Various factors are considered in the MIMO in vivo study including antenna separation, antenna angular positions, human body size, and system bandwidth to determinate the maximum data rate that can be supported.
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Chan, Kwong Hang Kevin. "An Analysis of Wireless High-speed Data Services for Cellular CDMA Systems." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/860.
Full textAbstract:
The interest in the development of wireless high-speed data services is in response to the strong market demand for high-speed wireless Internet access. Current standards aim at delivering a peak data rate greater than 2Mbps on the forward link. Since data services and voice services are fundamentally different, new concepts were introduced in the design of the forward data channel. In addition, methods of evaluating the performance of a cellular CDMA system have to be revisited. This thesis proposes a method which can be used to find the forward link peak and average data rates, throughput and coverage of a cellular CDMA system which is capable of delivering high-speed wireless data. A summary of changes in design philosophy and recent advances in technologies which enable high-speed wireless data delivery are presented. The proposed method takes into account major aspects commonly found in the forward data channel and applies the generalized Shannon capacity formula for multi-element antenna (MEA) systems. The analysis focuses on the physical layer and is flexible enough to be adapted to various propagation environments, antenna configurations, multicode allocations, user distributions and cell site configurations. Sample numerical results for various multicode allocations are shown using a system model with two-tier interfering cells with one transmit antenna and two receive antennas operating under a frequency selective slow fading channel with propagation environment described by the Recommendation ITU-R M. 1225 indoor office, outdoor to indoor and pedestrian and vehicular test environments. Different transmit / receive antenna configurations and multicode allocations and their impact on the average data rate is also explored.
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Nordlund, Alexander, and Niklas Ålander. "Forecast Modelling of Future Events that Affect the Repayment Capacity of Mortgages." Thesis, KTH, Hälsoinformatik och logistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-252808.
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The Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority introduced new guidelines and regulations on March 1, 2019. These regulations induced Swedish banks and other creditors to consider future events as a mean to improve their ability to determine the risk of debtors. A forecast generator was created as a tool to accomplish this. The constraints of this thesis limited the forecast generator to mortgages with four parameters: loss of income, pension, foreign currency and depreciation. The forecast generator was created by combining components of Vitec Capitex's existing mortgage calculator as well as by adding new components. The new components were utilized in advancing loans and budgets in time, as well as calculating a suitable income insurance in the case of a loss of income. Furthermore, the forecast generator could approximate the pension a debtor would receive when retired. The forecast generator could calculate the economic situation of debtors after a future event took place such as a loss of income or an early or late retirement. A suitable income insurance would prevent a debtor from insolvency in the case of an income loss.Finansinspektionen införde nya riktlinjer och föreskrifter den 1 mars 2019. Dessa föreskrifter anvisade banker och andra borgenärer att ha ett framåtblickande perspektiv för att förbättra deras förmåga att bedöma gäldenärers risk. En beräkningsmotor skapades som ett verktyg för att genomföra detta. Avgränsningarna för denna avhandling begränsar beräkningsmotorn till konsumenter som köper bostadskrediter med fyra parametrar: inkomstbortfall, pension, utländsk valuta och värdeminskning. Beräkningsmotorn skapades genom att kombinera komponenter från Vitec Capitex's existerande beräkningsmotor samt genom att lägga till nya komponenter. De nya komponenterna användes för att beräkna lån och budget för gäldenärer över tid, samt beräkna en passande inkomstförsäkring utifrån ett inkomstbortfall. Vidare kunde beräkningsmotorn approximera en pensionsinkomst efter gäldenären gått i pension. Beräkningsmotorn kunde även beräkna den ekonomiska situationen för gäldenärer efter en framtida händelse inträffat som inkomstbortfall eller en tidig pension. En lämplig inkomstförsäkring skulle skydda en gäldenär från obestånd ifall ett inkomstbortfall inträffat.
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Cole, Brian D. "Transient performance of parallel-flow and cross-flow direct transfer type heat exchangers with a step temperature change on the minimum capacity rate fluid stream. /." Online version of thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11924.
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Sprinkle, Jim. "How Many Animals Can I Graze on My Pasture?" College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144711.
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Ågren, Martin. "30-year (1983-2013) trends in saliva flow rate and saliva buffer capacity. Analyses from 10-year repeated, cross-sectional population samples in the Jönköping area." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-44933.
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Zavala, González Gloría Patricia. "NO DIFFERENCE IN MATURATION CAPACITY, IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND PREGNANT RATE OF OOCYTES OBTAINED BY ULTRASOUND-GUIDED OVUM PICK-UP FROM PREGNANT DAIRY COWS AND HEIFERS." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/94352.
Full textAbstract:
Several lines of evidence assign to the ovarian follicular microenvironment the disparity
between the fertility of dairy cows and heifers. This work evaluated the difference in
maturation and subsequent embryonic development and pregnancy rate of oocytes from
pregnant cows and heifers, during the spring season in a hot-desert weather location in
Mexico. The oocytes were obtained from 112 ovum pickup technique (OPU) sessions, from
Holstein pregnant cows, which were transported and maturated for 24 hoursusing a
shipping and maturation commercial medium (SMM), fertilized and incubated in vitro
(IVP-ET) evaluating number of oocytes obtained and embryoproduction. In the same way,
oocytes obtained from 39 OPUsessions, from Holstein pregnant heifers, were exposed to
the same protocol as the cows, and compared embryoproduction. Sexed frozen semen was
used for both experiments. The 113 embryos obtained from cows and heifers were
transferred, until reaching gestation diagnostic at day 45. Results showed significant
differences in the number of oocytes obtained between cows of second and third lactation;
however, no difference was shown among the number of embryos produced. While, for
development of matured, fertilized and cultured oocytes, there was only significant
difference in cows of second lactation, however, there was not an influence on the
pregnancy rates. Although, the cleavage rate was higher for the group of heifers (63.5%),
no difference was observed between groups. Also the pregnancy rate of transferred
embryos, showed no difference between groups. We conclude that the number of recovered
oocytes, the rate of cleavage, oocyte maturation and embryonic development through the OPU technique in pregnant dairy cattle are similar to what is obtained from pregnant
heifers
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Matěják, Vladimír. "Effects of Defects on Composite Structures Load Carrying Capacity: Delaminations at a Bi-Material Interface." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255282.
Full textAbstract:
Kompozitní materiály se projevují komplexním způsobem porušování, které může být dále ovlivněno přítomností různých poruch plynoucích z výrobních processů nebo se vyskytujících v průběhu života součásti. Důkladné porozmění procesů porušování a jejich okolností je nezbytné pro navrhování kompozitních konstrukcí, jenž budou bezpečnější, trvanlivější a ekonomičtější. V první části disertační práce jsou popsány způsoby porušování kompozitů a uvedeny současné matematické metody pro analýzu a výpočet únosnosti. Dále jsou zde vyjmenovány hlavní druhy vad a stručně diskutován jejich vliv na vlastnosti kompozitních materiálů. Zvláštní důraz je kladen na delaminace, společně se základními principy lomové mechaniky a jejich uplatnění při výpočtech a zkoušení kompozitů. Druhá část je zaměřena na delaminace na rozhranní dvou různých materialů. Lomová houževnatost byla experimantálně měřena ve třech typech zatížení za účelem stanovení poruchového kritéria založeného na podílu módu I a módu II. Během tohoto experimentu byla vyvinuta nová metoda měření délky trhliny pomocí digitáního zpracování obrazu a rovněž byla navržena nová definice počátku šíření trhliny. Analytické vztahy pro výpočet míry uvolnění deformační energie z naměřených dat byly rozšířeny o vliv rozdílných elastické parametrů materiálů na rozhranní. Podrobnější prozkoumání analytických vztahů a výpočet metodou konečných prvků odhalil, že podíl módu I a módu II je závislý na vzdálenosti od čela trhliny a poruchové kritérium založené na podílu smíšenosti tak nemůže být použito.