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Journal articles on the topic 'Rat placenta'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Trifunović, Svetlana, Branka Šošić Jurjević, Nataša Ristić, et al. "Maternal Dexamethasone Exposure Induces Sex-Specific Changes in Histomorphology and Redox Homeostasis of Rat Placenta." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (2022): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010540.

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As the mediator between the mother and fetus, the placenta allows the most appropriate environment and optimal fetal growth. The placenta of one sex sometimes has a greater ability over the other to respond to and protect against possible maternal insults. Here, we characterized sex differences in the placenta’s morphological features and antioxidant status following dexamethasone (Dx) exposure. Pregnant rats were exposed to Dx or saline. The placenta was histologically and stereologically analyzed. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxides (TBARS), superoxide anion and nitric o

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Achur, Rajeshwara N., Sean T. Agbor-Enoh, and D. Channe Gowda. "Rat Spongiotrophoblast-specific Protein Is Predominantly a Unique Low Sulfated Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan." Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, no. 43 (2006): 32327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m605841200.

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We have previously demonstrated that the human placenta contains a uniquely low sulfated extracellular aggrecan family chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). This CSPG is a major receptor for the adherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (IRBCs) in placentas, causing pregnancy-specific malaria. However, it is not known whether such low sulfated CSPGs occur in placentas of other animals and, if so, whether IRBCs bind to those CSPGs. In this study, we show that rat placenta contains a uniquely low sulfated extracellular CSPG bearing chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains, which comp

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Clifton, Vicki L., Phillip C. Owens, Phillip J. Robinson, and Roger Smith. "Identification and characterization of a corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor in human placenta." European Journal of Endocrinology 133, no. 5 (1995): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1330591.

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Clifton VL, Owens PC, Robinson PJ, Smith R. Identification and characterization of a corticotrophinreleasing hormone receptor in human placenta. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:591–7. ISSN 0804–4643 Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) causes vasodilatation in the human fetal–placental circulation and has paracrine actions in placental tissue, suggesting that CRH receptors may be present in the human placenta. We have now identified and characterized placental CRH binding sites and compared them to those described previously in human myometrium and rat pituitary. Radiolabelled ovine CRH binding to

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Charest, Phanie L., Vanessa Vrolyk, Pauline Herst, et al. "Histomorphologic Analysis of the Late-term Rat Fetus and Placenta." Toxicologic Pathology 46, no. 2 (2018): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623318755135.

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Histological examination of the rat placenta and fetus is uncommon. Toxicological studies mainly rely on gross examination of the fetus and on fetal and placental weights. These are often insufficient to assess the fetal and placental toxicity of xenobiotics. The small size of the fetus makes its dissection labor-intensive. Thus, our objective was to develop a simple and accurate technique to evaluate the rat fetus and placenta. Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses at gestational day 19.5 ( n = 18) and their placentas ( n = 32) were fixed in formalin. Placentas were cut transversally in the center. Fetu

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Borke, James L., Ariel Caride, Anil K. Verma, et al. "Calcium pump epitopes in placental trophoblast basal plasma membranes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 257, no. 2 (1989): C341—C346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.2.c341.

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The syncytiotrophoblast represents the primary cellular barrier between maternal and fetal circulations in the placenta. Large amounts of Ca2+ are transported across this barrier by mechanisms that are not clearly understood. To further understand this phenomenon, we examined rat and human placenta by immunohistochemical and protein blotting techniques with a monoclonal antibody raised against the human erythrocyte plasma membrane Ca2+ pump. Immunohistochemistry with this antibody showed specific staining in the human placenta of the basal (fetal facing) surface of the syncytiotrophoblast. In

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Lacroix, MC, H. Jammes, and G. Kann. "Occurrence of a growth hormone-releasing hormone-like messenger ribonucleic acid and immunoreactive peptide in the sheep placenta." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 8, no. 3 (1996): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9960449.

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Growth hormone releasing factor (GHRH) has been described in the rat, mouse and human placentae. This study reports the presence of an immunoreactive GHRH activity (IR-GHRH) in the ovine placenta. This activity was detected by radioimmunoassay from day 50 (D50) until the end of pregnancy. Higher IR-GHRH concentration in placental tissue was observed on days 100 (543 +/- 123 pg/g) and 140 (550 +/- 62 pg/g) and, when compared with the GHRH content of the ovine hypothalamus (1.2 ng/hypothalamus), represents a considerable amount of GHRH per placenta (a mean of 200 ng). Perifused placenta explants

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7

Shearman, Lauren P., Alison M. McReynolds, Feng C. Zhou, and Jerrold S. Meyer. "Relationship between [125I]RTI-55-labeled cocaine binding sites and the serotonin transporter in rat placenta." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 275, no. 6 (1998): C1621—C1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.6.c1621.

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We investigated the characteristics of cocainelike binding sites in rat placenta using [125I]RTI-55. [3H]paroxetine binding and immunocytochemical staining for serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] and for the 5-HT transporter were also used to obtain evidence for rat placental 5-HT uptake. [125I]RTI-55 saturation analyses with membranes from normal gestational day 20 placentas yielded curvilinear Scatchard plots that were resolved into high- and low-affinity components (mean dissociation constants of 0.29 and 7.9 nM, respectively). Drug competition studies with various monoamine uptake inhib

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8

White, Elizabeth A., Joffre B. Baker, Michael McGrogan, and Paul A. Kitos. "Protease Nexin 1 Is Expressed in the Human Placenta." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 69, no. 02 (1993): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1651566.

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SummaryProtease nexin 1 (PN1), a serine protease inhibitor that inactivates thrombin, urokinase, and plasmin, is produced abundantly in cultures of human fibroblasts and rat and human glioma cells. The major sites of PN1 synthesis in vivo and the specific physiological function(s) of this serpin are unknown. Using Northern blot analysis and a full-length PN1 cDNA probe we demonstrated the presence of PN1 mRNA in human term placentas. In situ hybridization of placental tissue with a PN1 riboprobe showed that PN1 mRNA is present throughout the placenta and is also abundant in the placental membr

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Vaswani, Kanchan, Hsiu-Wen Chan, Hassendrini N. Peiris, et al. "Gestation Related Gene Expression of the Endocannabinoid Pathway in Rat Placenta." Mediators of Inflammation 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/850471.

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Mammalian placentation is a vital facet of the development of a healthy and viable offspring. Throughout gestation the placenta changes to accommodate, provide for, and meet the demands of a growing fetus. Gestational gene expression is a crucial part of placenta development. The endocannabinoid pathway is activated in the placenta and decidual tissues throughout pregnancy and aberrant endocannabinoid signaling during the period of placental development has been associated with pregnancy disorders. In this study, the gene expression of eight endocannabinoid system enzymes was investigated thro

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Sobočan, Nikola, Marta Himelreich-Perić, Ana Katušić-Bojanac та ін. "Extended Prophylactic Effect of N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitron against Oxidative/Nitrosative Damage Caused by the DNA-Hypomethylating Drug 5-Azacytidine in the Rat Placenta". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, № 2 (2022): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020603.

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Antioxidant N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitron (PBN) partly protected embryos from the negative effects of a DNA demethylating drug 5-azacytidine during pregnancy. Our aim was to investigate PBN’s impact on the placenta. Fischer rat dams were treated on gestation days (GD) 12 and 13 by PBN (40 mg/kg), followed by 5azaC (5 mg/kg) after one hour. Global methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. Numerical density was calculated from immunohistochemical expression in single cells for proliferating (PCNA), oxidative (oxoguanosine) and nitrosative (nitrotyrosine) activity. Results were compared with the

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Reyes-Hernández, Cynthia, David Ramiro-Cortijo, Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez, et al. "Effects of Arachidonic and Docosohexahenoic Acid Supplementation during Gestation in Rats. Implication of Placental Oxidative Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (2018): 3863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123863.

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Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (ARA and DHA) are important during pregnancy. However, the effects of dietary supplementation on fetal growth and oxidative stress are inconclusive. We aimed to assess the effect of high ARA and DHA diet during rat gestation on: (1) ARA and DHA availability in plasma and placenta, (2) fetal growth, and (3) placental oxidative stress, analyzing the influence of sex. Experimental diet (ED) was prepared by substituting soybean oil in the control diet (CD) by a fungi/algae-based oil containing ARA and DHA (2:1). Rats were fed with CD or ED during gestation; pl

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Shaw, A. J., M. Z. Mughal, M. J. Maresh, and C. P. Sibley. "Sodium-dependent magnesium transport across in situ perfused rat placenta." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, no. 2 (1991): R369—R372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.2.r369.

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Placentas of anesthetized rats were perfused in situ on the fetal side to study mechanisms of Mg2+ transport. The perfusate was a Mg(2+)-free Krebs-Ringer, and the unidirectional transfer of Mg2+ from maternal plasma to this Ringer was compared with that of 45Ca and 51Cr-EDTA, the latter being employed as a paracellular diffusional marker. Placental perfusion with amiloride (0.5 mM) or ouabain (1 mM) both rapidly (4 min) reduced maternal-fetal clearance (Kmf) for Mg2+ but had no effect on Kmf for 45Ca. In contrast, perfusion of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (1 mM) did not affe

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Sawa, Hiroki, Hiroyuki Ukita, Minoru Fukuda, Hajime Kamada, Isamu Saito, and Björn öbrink. "Spatiotemporal Expression of C-CAM in the Rat Placenta." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 45, no. 7 (1997): 1021–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215549704500711.

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We investigated the expression of the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule, C-CAM, in developing and mature rat placenta. By immunohistochemical staining at the light microscopic level, no C-CAM-expression was seen before Day 9 of gestation, when it appeared in the trophoblasts of ectoplacental cones. On Day 10.5, spongiotrophoblasts and invasive trophoblasts around the maternal vessels of the decidua basalis were stained positively. On Day 12.5, C-CAM was detected in the spongiotrophoblasts of the junctional layer, but labyrinth trophoblasts and secondary giant trophoblasts were

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Cho, Jae-Hyeon, Hiromichi Kimura, Tatsuya Minami, et al. "DNA Methylation Regulates Placental Lactogen I Gene Expression." Endocrinology 142, no. 8 (2001): 3389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.8.8347.

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Abstract Expression of rat placental lactogen I is specific to the placenta and never expressed in other tissues. To obtain insight into the mechanism of tissue-specific gene expression, we investigated the methylation status in 3.4 kb of the 5′-flanking region of the rat placental lactogen I gene. We found that the distal promoter region of the rat placental lactogen I gene had more potent promoter activity than that of the proximal area alone, which contains several possible cis-elements. Although there are only 17 CpGs in the promoter region, in vitro methylation of the reporter constructs

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Berghorn, K. A., P. A. Clark, B. Encarnacion, et al. "Developmental expression of the homeobox protein Distal-less 3 and its relationship to progesterone production in mouse placenta." Journal of Endocrinology 186, no. 2 (2005): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06217.

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Distal-less 3 (Dlx3) is a homeobox factor that functions as a placental-specific transcriptional regulator. Dlx3 null mice (−/−) have compromised placental development and do not survive in utero past embryonic day (E) 9.5. The current studies were undertaken to examine the expression of Dlx3 in mouse placenta during gestation, and to determine whether Dlx3 was involved in placental progesterone production. Dlx3 was not detectable at E8.5 but was detected in E9.5 placenta with continuing but diminished expression through E15.5. Dlx3 immuno-localization was restricted to the labyrinth, was nucl

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Jones, M. L., P. J. Mark, T. A. Mori, and B. J. Waddell. "523. PLACENTAL ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN RAT PREGNANCY SHOW ZONE- AND STAGE-DEPENDENT VARIATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 9 (2009): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb09abs523.

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Placental oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of placenta-related disorders including preeclampsia. Protection from oxidative stress is provided by antioxidant enzymes which inactivate reactive oxygen species (ROS). The rat placenta consists of two major zones, the junctional (JZ) and labyrinth (LZ), and because only the LZ grows in late gestation we hypothesized it generates more ROS and thus requires greater antioxidant protection. Our previous studies on expression of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1, SOD-2 and catalase support this hypothesis. Here, we ext

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Purnama, Jeri Nobia, Erick Khristian, Mas Rizky A. A. Syamsunarno, Ramdan Panigoro, and Ratu Safitri. "The Effect of Sappan Wood Extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) on Fetal and Placenta Histopathology of White Rat." Jurnal Veteriner 23, no. 2 (2022): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2022.23.2.166.

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Histomorphological assessment of the placenta and fetus was more effective in assessing fetal development on a research scale for determined an active substance during the gestation period in experimental animals. The placenta and fetus connect in the development process. This study aimed to analyze the effect of giving ethanol extract of sappanwood on white rats’ placenta and fetal organs, which were examined histologically at 20 days pregnant rats. The pregnant rats were divided into six groups: The negative group was given aquadest, and treatment groups were given an ethanolic Sappan wood e

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Sahgal, N., GT Knipp, B. Liu, BM Chapman, G. Dai, and MJ Soares. "Identification of two new nonclassical members of the rat prolactin family." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 24, no. 1 (2000): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0240095.

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The prolactin (PRL) family is comprised of a group of hormones/cytokines that are expressed in the anterior pituitary, uterus, and placenta. These proteins participate in the control of maternal and fetal adaptations to pregnancy. In this report, we have identified two new nonclassical members of the rat PRL family through a search of the National Center for Biotechnology Information dbEST database. The cDNAs were sequenced and their corresponding mRNAs characterized. Overall, the rat cDNAs showed considerable structural similarities with mouse proliferin-related protein (PLF-RP) and prolactin

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Draycott, Sally A. V., Zoe Daniel, Raheela Khan, Beverly S. Muhlhausler, Matthew J. Elmes, and Simon C. Langley-Evans. "Expression of cholesterol packaging and transport genes in human and rat placenta: impact of obesity and a high-fat diet." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 11, no. 3 (2019): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174419000606.

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AbstractEvidence suggests that sub-optimal maternal nutrition has implications for the developing offspring. We have previously shown that exposure to a low-protein diet during gestation was associated with upregulation of genes associated with cholesterol transport and packaging within the placenta. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of altering maternal dietary linoleic acid (LA; omega-6) to alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; omega-6) ratios as well as total fat content on placental expression of genes associated with cholesterol transport. The potential for maternal body mass index (BMI) to b

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Wharfe, Michaela D., Peter J. Mark, and Brendan J. Waddell. "Circadian Variation in Placental and Hepatic Clock Genes in Rat Pregnancy." Endocrinology 152, no. 9 (2011): 3552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-0081.

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Clock genes drive circadian rhythms in a range of physiological processes both centrally and in peripheral tissues such as the liver. The aims of this study were to determine whether the two functionally-distinct zones of the rat placenta (junctional and labyrinth) differentially express clock genes and, if so, whether these exhibit circadian patterns. Rats were sampled from d 21 of pregnancy (term = d 23) and from diestrus I of the estrous cycle. Adult liver (all animals), fetal liver, and placental zones (pregnant animals) were collected at 0800, 1400, 2000, and 0200 h. Both zones of the rat

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Waddell, B. J. "056. EUTHERIAN MAMMALS DO IT DIFFERENTLY: PLACENTAL ENDOCRINE STRATEGIES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF PREGNANCY IN RODENTS AND PRIMATES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 9 (2010): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb10abs056.

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The placenta of rats and humans share important anatomical similarities, each with a chorio-allantoic, single discoid, haemochorial structure that facilitates highly efficient nutrient transport. Importantly, however, these similarities reflect convergent evolution and conceal markedly different developmental trajectories and endocrine functions. Placental endocrine signals are essential to drive maternal adaptations that facilitate fetal development and ultimately successful birth. Central to these adaptations is a sustained increase in production of the sex steroids progesterone and oestroge

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Glazier, J. D., D. E. Atkinson, K. L. Thornburg, et al. "Gestational changes in Ca2+ transport across rat placenta and mRNA for calbindin9K and Ca(2+)-ATPase." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 263, no. 4 (1992): R930—R935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.4.r930.

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The unidirectional maternofetal clearance (Kmf) of 45Ca was measured across the rat placenta over the last one-third of gestation. Kmf for 45Ca normalized to its diffusion coefficient in water (Kmf/Dw) increased 72-fold between days 15 and 22 of gestation from 3.5 +/- 0.3 to 253.1 +/- 22.0 cm/g placenta, respectively. At 15 and 18 days of gestation, Kmf/Dw for 45Ca was similar to Kmf/Dw for the paracellular marker [14C]mannitol, but at 21 and 22 days of gestation, Kmf/Dw for 45Ca was significantly higher than Kmf/Dw for [14C]mannitol, indicating that an additional route of transfer, other than

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Lovell, Tristan M., Russell J. Woods, David J. Butlin, et al. "Identification of a novel mammalian post-translational modification, phosphocholine, on placental secretory polypeptides." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 39, no. 3 (2007): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme-07-0007.

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Placental neurokinin B appears to be post-translationally modified by phosphocholine (PC) attached to the aspartyl side chain at residue 4 of the mature peptide. Corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) was found to be expressed by the rat placenta with the main secreted forms being phosphocholinated proCRF+/− one or two polysaccharide moieties. A combination of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and two-site immunometric analysis suggested that PC was also attached to the placental precursors of adrenocorticotrophin, hemokinin, activin and follistatin. However, the fully processed forms

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Mayeur, Sylvain, Steve Lancel, Nicolas Theys, et al. "Maternal calorie restriction modulates placental mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetic efficiency: putative involvement in fetoplacental growth defects in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 304, no. 1 (2013): E14—E22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00332.2012.

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Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases. The placental capacity to supply nutrients and oxygen to the fetus represents the main determiner of fetal growth. However, few studies have investigated the effects of maternal diet on the placenta. We explored placental adaptive proteomic processes implicated in response to maternal undernutrition. Rat term placentas from 70% food-restricted (FR30) mothers were used for a proteomic screen. Placental mitochondrial functions were evaluated using molecular and functional approaches, and

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Horackova, Hana, Rona Karahoda, Lukas Cerveny, et al. "Effect of Selected Antidepressants on Placental Homeostasis of Serotonin: Maternal and Fetal Perspectives." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (2021): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081306.

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Depression is a prevalent condition affecting up to 20% of pregnant women. Hence, more than 10% are prescribed antidepressant drugs, mainly serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). We hypothesize that antidepressants disturb serotonin homeostasis in the fetoplacental unit by inhibiting serotonin transporter (SERT) and organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) in the maternal- and fetal-facing placental membranes, respectively. Paroxetine, citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, and venlafaxine were tested in situ (rat term

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Rock, Kylie D., Brian Horman, Allison L. Phillips, et al. "EDC IMPACT: Molecular effects of developmental FM 550 exposure in Wistar rat placenta and fetal forebrain." Endocrine Connections 7, no. 2 (2018): 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-17-0373.

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Firemaster 550 (FM 550) is a flame retardant (FR) mixture that has become one of the most commonly used FRs in foam-based furniture and baby products. Human exposure to this commercial mixture, composed of brominated and organophosphate components, is widespread. We have repeatedly shown that developmental exposure can lead to sex-specific behavioral effects in rats. Accruing evidence of endocrine disruption and potential neurotoxicity has raised concerns regarding the neurodevelopmental effects of FM 550 exposure, but the specific mechanisms of action remains unclear. Additionally, we observe

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Capobianco, E., A. Jawerbaum, M. C. Romanini та ін. "15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) levels in term placental tissues from control and diabetic rats: modulatory effects of a PPARγ agonist on nitridergic and lipid placental metabolism". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, № 4 (2005): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd04067.

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15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand that regulates lipid homeostasis and has anti-inflammatory properties in many cell types. We postulated that 15dPGJ2 may regulate lipid homeostasis and nitric oxide (NO) levels in term placental tissues and that alterations in these pathways may be involved in diabetes-induced placental derangements. In the present study, we observed that, in term placental tissues from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, 15dPGJ2 concentrations were decreased (83%) and immunostaining for nitrotyrosine,

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Lawrence, Dylan J., Kristie Huda, and Carolyn L. Bayer. "Longitudinal characterization of local perfusion of the rat placenta using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging." Interface Focus 9, no. 5 (2019): 20190024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0024.

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The placenta performs many physiological functions critical for development. Insufficient placental perfusion, due to improper vascular remodelling, has been linked to many pregnancy-related diseases. To study longitudinal in vivo placental perfusion, we have implemented a pixel-wise time–intensity curve (TIC) analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) images. CEUS images were acquired of pregnant Sprague Dawley rats after bolus injections of gas-filled microbubble contrast agents. Conventionally, perfusion can be quantified using a TIC of contrast enhancement in an averaged region of int

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Wang, Yiyan, Yaoyao Dong, Yinghui Fang та ін. "Diethylstilbestrol inhibits human and rat 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2". Endocrine Connections 8, № 7 (2019): 1061–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-19-0288.

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Glucocorticoid hormone might cause intrauterine growth restriction. The glucocorticoid-metabolizing enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2) in the placenta eliminates excess levels of glucocorticoids during pregnancy. The aim of the current study was to define the effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on HSD11B2 activity in the mammalian placentas and identify its mode of action. Rat and human placental microsomal HSD11B2 were incubated with different concentrations of DES, and IC50 values were determined. The mode of action was analyzed by incubation of DES together with substrates,

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St-Pierre, M. V., T. Stallmach, A. Freimoser Grundschober, et al. "Temporal expression profiles of organic anion transport proteins in placenta and fetal liver of the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 287, no. 6 (2004): R1505—R1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00279.2003.

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Physiological cholestasis linked to immature hepatobiliary transport systems for organic anions occurs in rat and human neonates. In utero, the placenta facilitates vectorial transfer of certain fetal-derived solutes to the maternal circulation for elimination. We compared the ontogenesis of organic anion transporters in the placenta and the fetal liver of the rat to assess their relative abundance throughout gestation and to determine whether the placenta compensates for the late maturation of transporters in the developing liver. The mRNA of members of the organic anion transporting polypept

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Belkacemi, Louiza, Mina Desai, D. Michael Nelson, and Michael G. Ross. "Altered mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in placentas from undernourished rat gestations." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 301, no. 6 (2011): R1599—R1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00100.2011.

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Maternal undernutrition (MUN) during pregnancy results in intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses and small placentas. Although reduced fetal nutrient supply has been presumed to be etiologic in IUGR, MUN-induced placental dysfunction may occur prior to detectable fetal growth restriction. Placental growth impairment may result from apoptosis signaled by mitochondria in response to reduced energy substrate. Therefore, we sought to determine the presence of mitochondrial-induced apoptosis under MUN and ad libitum diet (AdLib) pregnancies. Pregnant rats were fed an AdLib or a 50% MUN diet

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Bobrova, Olena, Yevheniia Naumenko, Myroslav Shchetinskyi, et al. "Low-Temperature Storage of Placenta Affects Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Properties of Its Extracts." Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine 32, no. 2 (2022): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/cryo32.02.144.

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Here we have studied the effect of low-temperature storage of the placenta at different temperatures on anti-inflammatory activity of its extracts in cell models of erythrocyte thermohemolysis and adenosine-5’-diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation. The wound-healing effect of cryopreserved placental extracts was also evaluated in rat thermal burn model. When preserving placenta for up to a month, the temperature of storage was shown to cause no significant impact on the percentage of inhibition of erythrocyte thermohemolysis and platelet aggregation by the extracts. Placental storage for th

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McMillen, Cynthia M., Devin A. Boyles, Stefan G. Kostadinov, et al. "Congenital Rift Valley fever in Sprague Dawley rats is associated with diffuse infection and pathology of the placenta." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 10 (2022): e0010898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010898.

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a disease of animals and humans associated with abortions in ruminants and late-gestation miscarriages in women. Here, we use a rat model of congenital RVF to identify tropisms, pathologies, and immune responses in the placenta during vertical transmission. Infection of late-gestation pregnant rats resulted in vertical transmission to the placenta and widespread infection throughout the decidua, basal zone, and labyrinth zone. Some pups from infected dams appeared normal while others had gross signs of teratogenicity including death. Histopathological lesions were de

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Hewitt, D. P., P. J. Mark, A. M. Dharmarajan та B. J. Waddell. "274. Placental expression of secreted frizzled related protein (sFRP4) in the rat: association with β-catenin localization and regulation by glucocorticoids". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, № 9 (2005): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs274.

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Wnt genes regulate a diverse range of developmental processes including placental development. Activation of the wnt pathway results in nuclear translocation of β-catenin and activation of the TCF/Lef family of transcription factors. The secreted frizzled related proteins (sFRPs) modulate wnt signaling by binding to either the wnt ligand or its transmembrane frizzled receptor. The current study examined the spatial and temporal expression of one of these secreted molecules, sFRP4, in the rat placenta over the final third of pregnancy, and whether associated changes occurred in the expression a

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Jousset, V., B. Legendre, P. Besnard, N. Segond, A. Jullienne, and J. M. Garel. "Calcitonin-like immunoreactivity and calcitonin gene expression in the placenta and in the mammary gland of the rat." Acta Endocrinologica 119, no. 3 (1988): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1190443.

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Abstract. Recently, the presence of monomeric CT in plasma and milk was reported by others in a lactating woman surgically thyroidectomized. Similarly, the placenta was thought to be a possible source of CT. Since such findings were based exclusively on immunological arguments, we have investigated the CT gene expression in these rat tissues. CT mRNAs were detected by dot-blot hybridization of total RNAs extracted from rat tissues with a 32P-labelled human CT cDNA probe. Subcellular fractions of each tissue were screened for CT-like immunoreactivity using two different antibodies. With one ant

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Animaw, Zelalem, Kaleab Asres, Selamawit Tadesse, et al. "Teratogenic Evaluation of 80% Ethanol Extract of Embelia schimperi Vatke Fruits on Rat Embryo and Fetuses." Journal of Toxicology 2022 (October 22, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4310521.

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Introduction. Embelia schimperi Vatke (family Myrsinaceae) is a commonly consumed anthelminthic plant in Ethiopia. The plant has significant efficacy in treating intestinal worms. However, there are limited data about the safety/toxicity of the plant. Moreover, the teratogenic effect of the plant is not yet well studied despite significant number of Ethiopian mothers consuming herbal medication during their pregnancy. Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the teratogenic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of E. schimperi fruit on rat embryos and fetuses. Methods. Pregnant albino Wistar rats

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Choudhury, S., M. Reyes, NN Drever, et al. "ID: 105: COMPARISON OF PLACENTAL AND PLASMA SOLUBLE (PRO)RENIN RECEPTOR IN NORMAL AND PREECLAMPTIC PREGNANCY." Journal of Investigative Medicine 64, no. 4 (2016): 958.1–958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000120.96.

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ObjectivePreeclampsia (preE), a syndrome of hypertension and proteinuria. Most recently it was demonstrated that high circulating levels of soluble (pro) renin receptor s(P)RR at delivery were associated with preE. In this study the placental expression of (P)RR were evaluated in preE patients and in a rat model of preE as well as in nonhuman primates. We also evaluated the circulatory levels of s(P)RR.Study Design(1) Placental samples were collected from 20 NP and 20 preE consenting patients in an IRB approved prospective study. (2) An established rat model of preE and NP rats (n=10 each) wer

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Ni, Wensi, Haoxuan Gao, Bing Wu, et al. "Gestational Exposure to Cyfluthrin through Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress—Mediated PERK Signaling Pathway Impairs Placental Development." Toxics 10, no. 12 (2022): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120733.

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Cyfluthrin, a typical type II pyrethroid pesticide, is widely used in house hygiene and agricultural pest control. Several epidemiological investigations have found that maternal pyrethroid exposure is connected to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Thus, we evaluated the effect of cyfluthrin exposure during pregnancy on placenta development in vivo. In the current study, Pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into four groups and administered 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg body weight cyfluthrin or an equivalent volume of corn oil by gavage from

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Takizawa, Tatsuya, Hiroshi Yoshikawa, Miho Yamada, and Hidetoshi Morita. "Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and detection of nitric oxide in rat placenta." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 282, no. 4 (2002): C762—C767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00101.2001.

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Nitric oxide (NO) production in the rat placenta was monitored and quantified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with hemoglobin and an Fe- N-(dithiocarboxy)sarcosine (DTCS) complex as NO-trapping reagents. Expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms was also examined by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The EPR spectrum of the placenta with hemoglobin trapping showed a three-line hyperfine structure ( g = 2.008 and a = 1.66-mT). The EPR signal was diminished after the placenta was homogenized or the NOS inhibitor l-NAME was administered to pregnant rats. Therefore, the s

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Jones, M. L., P. J. Mark, and B. J. Waddell. "215. Placental expression of uncoupling protein-2 is reduced by glucocorticoid treatment in late pregnancy: implications for placental oxidative stress." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 9 (2008): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb08abs215.

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Placental oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of placenta-related disorders in humans, most notably in preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Protection from oxidative stress is provided by antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase-1 and 2 (SOD-1 and –2) and catalase (CAT), which convert reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inert products. It has also been proposed that uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) may limit oxidative stress by reducing ROS production, but little is known of UCP2 expression in placenta. Here we measured placental UCP2, SOD-1, SOD

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Story, C. M., J. E. Mikulska, and N. E. Simister. "A major histocompatibility complex class I-like Fc receptor cloned from human placenta: possible role in transfer of immunoglobulin G from mother to fetus." Journal of Experimental Medicine 180, no. 6 (1994): 2377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.180.6.2377.

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The acquisition of maternal antibodies is critical for immunologic defense of the newborn. In humans, maternal IgG is actively transported across the placenta. The receptor responsible for this transport has not been identified definitively. We report the isolation from a placental cDNA library of clones encoding the alpha-chain of an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fc receptor (hFcRn) that resembles a class I major histocompatibility complex antigen. The DNA and predicted amino acid sequences are very similar to those of the neonatal rat and mouse intestinal Fc receptors, rFcRn and mFcRn. These recept

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Burton, P. J., та B. J. Waddell. "11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the rat placenta: developmental changes and the effects of altered glucocorticoid exposure". Journal of Endocrinology 143, № 3 (1994): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1430505.

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Abstract The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) catalyses the interconversion of corticosterone, the major glucocorticoid of the rat, and the biologically-inactive 11-dehydrocorticosterone. In the placenta, 11β-HSD is thought to regulate glucocorticoid transport between maternal and fetal compartments, and may also affect the local action of glucocorticoids. The present study assessed whether 11β-dehydrogenase (corticosterone to 11-dehydrocorticosterone) and 11-oxoreductase (11-dehydrocorticosterone to corticosterone) activities are both present in rat placenta, and whether thes

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Rodda, C. P., M. Kubota, J. A. Heath, et al. "Evidence for a novel parathyroid hormone-related protein in fetal lamb parathyroid glands and sheep placenta: comparisons with a similar protein implicated in humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy." Journal of Endocrinology 117, no. 2 (1988): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1170261.

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ABSTRACT Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-like bioactivity, assayed as adenylate cyclase response in UMR 106-01 osteogenic sarcoma cells, was present in extracts of sheep fetal and maternal parathyroid glands and placenta. Preincubation of extracts with PTH(1–34) antiserum inhibited approximately 40% of the bioactivity in fetal parathyroid extracts, 50% in maternal parathyroid extracts, but only 10% of the bioactivity in the placental extract. Partial purification of placental extracts by chromatography yielded fractions containing PTH-like bioactivity which were similar in behaviour to that of PTH-r

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Ruis, Matthew T., Kylie D. Rock, Samantha M. Hall, Brian Horman, Heather B. Patisaul, and Heather M. Stapleton. "PBDEs Concentrate in the Fetal Portion of the Placenta: Implications for Thyroid Hormone Dysregulation." Endocrinology 160, no. 11 (2019): 2748–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2019-00463.

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Abstract During pregnancy, the supply of thyroid hormone (TH) to the fetus is critically important for fetal growth, neural development, metabolism, and maintenance of pregnancy. Additionally, in cases where maternal and placental TH regulation is significantly altered, there is an increased risk of several adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is unclear what may be disrupting placental TH regulation; however, studies suggest that environmental contaminants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), could be playing a role. In this study, Wistar rats were gestationally exposed to a mixture of

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MacManus, J. P., D. C. Watson, and M. Yaguchi. "The purification and complete amino acid sequence of the 9000-Mr Ca2+-binding protein from rat placenta. Identity with the vitamin D-dependent intestinal Ca2+-binding protein." Biochemical Journal 235, no. 2 (1986): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2350585.

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A 9000-Mr Ca2+-binding protein was isolated from rat placenta and purified to homogeneity by h.p.l.c. procedures. The complete amino acid sequence was established for the 78-residue placental protein. A sequence analysis of a minor component of the rat intestinal Ca2+-binding protein (residues 4-78) and a tryptic peptide (residues 55-74), both purified by h.p.l.c., showed both proteins to be identical. Thus this placental 9000-Mr Ca2+-binding protein is the same gene product as the intestinal Ca2+-binding protein whose synthesis is dependent on vitamin D.

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Rahardjo, Bambang, Kunawati Tungga Dewi, Anita Dwi Rahmawati, Fauqo Wildatil Jannah, Mukhamad Nooryanto, and Anin Indriani. "Effect of Pravastatin on eNOS and PECAM-1 Expression in the Placenta of Pre-Eclampsia Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Model." Asian Journal of Health Research 1, no. 2 (2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55561/ajhr.v1i2.44.

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Introduction: Preeclampsia has two stages: improper placental and maternal circulation. Abnormal trophoblast invasion causes uteroplacental ischemia and hypoxia. Ischemia in the placenta produces endothelial cell dysfunction, which is defined by a change in endothelial cell activity to a reduced ability to vasodilate (decreased eNOS) and prothrombotic conditions (decreased PECAM-1). Reduced maternal eNOS activity and PECAM-1 can cause preeclampsia. Pravastatin is the statin class's most hydrophilic medication, and it limits placental transfer. Pravastatin can reduce endothelial dysfunction by

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Phuthong, Sophida, Cynthia Guadalupe Reyes-Hernández, Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez, et al. "Sex Differences in Placental Protein Expression and Efficiency in a Rat Model of Fetal Programming Induced by Maternal Undernutrition." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010237.

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Fetal undernutrition programs cardiometabolic diseases, with higher susceptibility in males. The mechanisms implicated are not fully understood and may be related to sex differences in placental adaptation. To evaluate this hypothesis, we investigated placental oxidative balance, vascularization, glucocorticoid barrier, and fetal growth in rats exposed to 50% global nutrient restriction from gestation day 11 (MUN, n = 8) and controls (n = 8). At gestation day 20 (G20), we analyzed maternal, placental, and fetal weights; oxidative damage, antioxidants, corticosterone, and PlGF (placental growth

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Situmorang, Putri Cahaya, Syafruddin Ilyas, Doni Aldo Samuel Siahaan та ін. "Effect of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Hassk. on HIF1α and VEGF expressions on hypertension placental". Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 10, № 6 (2022): 1076–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.56499/jppres22.1517_10.6.1076.

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Context: HIF1α and VEGF are proteins marker oxidative stress and a decrease in placental growth factor (PlGF). Decreasing of HIF1α and VEGF in rats displayed poor trophoblast differentiation, placental abnormalities, and fetal mortality. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a flowering plant in the Myrtaceae family that has the potential to be a source of health-promoting chemicals. Aims: To analyze HIF1α and VEGF in serum and hypertension placental tissue after giving Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (RHO) leaves extract. Methods: Six treatments were given to the rats that were identified as being pregnant and preg

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Zhang, KeKe, Min Hu, Lin Zhang, Qiong Zhang, and Yinping Huang. "The Effect of BML-111 in Preeclampsia Rat Model Induced by the Low Dose of Cadmium Chloride." American Journal of Perinatology Reports 09, no. 03 (2019): e201-e208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693016.

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Aim This article determines the optimal time and dose of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) injected to pregnant rat to establish experimental preeclampsia (PE) model. In addition, the therapeutic potential of BML-111, a lipoxin A4 analogue, in the CdCl2-induced PE model was also evaluated. Methods Peritoneal injection of two dose of CdCl2 for successive 6 days was tested in the pregnant rats starting from various gestational days (GDs). During this process, the systolic blood pressure and the body weight of pregnant rats and neonatal rats were monitored. The pathological changes of the placenta and kid

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Bokar, J. A., R. A. Keri, T. A. Farmerie, et al. "Expression of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene in the placenta requires a functional cyclic AMP response element, whereas a different cis-acting element mediates pituitary-specific expression." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 11 (1989): 5113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.11.5113-5122.1989.

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The single-copy gene encoding the alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones is expressed in the pituitaries of all mammals and in the placentas of only primates and horses. We have systematically analyzed the promoter-regulatory elements of the human and bovine alpha-subunit genes to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying their divergent patterns of tissue-specific expression. This analysis entailed the use of transient expression assays in a chorionic gonadotropin-secreting human choriocarcinoma cell line, protein-DNA binding assays, and expression of chimeric forms of human or bovine alp

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