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Journal articles on the topic 'Rat nu des sables'

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Published: 19 October 2024

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1

Ridel, P. R., C. Auriault, F. Darcy, R. J. Pierce, P. Leite, F. Santoro, J. L. Neyrinck, J. P. Kusnierz, and A. Capron. "Protective role of IgE in immunocompromised rat toxoplasmosis." Journal of Immunology 141, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.3.978.

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Abstract In contrast to euthymic adult Fischer rats, immunocompromised Nu/Nu animals develop a lethal infection when inoculated with the RH strain of the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. However, a significant period of survival is obtained when Nu/Nu rats are passively transferred with sera from 28-day infected Fischer +/+ (euthymic) animals. Specific IgE are involved since IgE-depleted sera are unable to afford such a protection. Only excreted/secreted Ag or living tachyzoites are able to induce a significant protective IgE response in intact animals. In addition, platelets or, to a lesser extent, eosinophil-rich populations from Toxoplasma infected or excreted-secreted Ag-immunized euthymic animals bear surface IgE and are cytotoxic for the parasite in vitro. Also, adoptive transfer of immune platelets confers a significant degree of protection to Toxoplasma-infected Nu/Nu animals. Our results clearly show the key role of Ag present in both living parasites and excreted-secreted Ag to induce, in this model, a protective IgE response. In addition, as in other parasitic infections, platelets and probably eosinophils are the effector cells involved in controlling parasitic dissemination during Toxoplasma infection in immunocompromised rats.
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2

Ohashi, Takashi, Shino Hanabuchi, Hirotomo Kato, Yoshihiro Koya, Fumiyo Takemura, Katsuiku Hirokawa, Takashi Yoshiki, Yuetsu Tanaka, Masahiro Fujii, and Mari Kannagi. "Induction of Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Like Lymphoproliferative Disease and Its Inhibition by Adoptive Immunotherapy in T-Cell-Deficient Nude Rats Inoculated with Syngeneic Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Immortalized Cells." Journal of Virology 73, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 6031–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.7.6031-6040.1999.

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ABSTRACT Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been shown to be the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), but the in vivo mechanism by which the virus causes the malignant transformation is largely unknown. In order to investigate the mechanisms of HTLV-1 leukemogenesis, we developed a rat model system in which ATL-like disease was reproducibly observed, following inoculation of various rat HTLV-1-immortalized cell lines. When previously established cell lines, F344-S1 and TARS-1, but not TART-1 or W7TM-1, were inoculated, systemic multiple tumor development was observed in adult nude (nu/nu) rats. FPM1 cells, newly established from a heterozygous (nu/+) rat syngeneic to nu/nurats, caused transient tumors only at the injection site in adult nu/nu rats, but could progressively grow in newborn nu/nu rats and metastasize in lymph nodes. The derivative cell line (FPM1-V1AX) serially passed through newbornnu/nu rats acquired the potency to grow in adultnu/nu rats. These results indicated that only some with additional changes but not all of the in vitro HTLV-1-immortalized cell lines possessed in vivo tumorigenicity. Using the syngeneic system, we further showed the inhibition of tumor development by transferring splenic T cells from immunized rats, suggesting the involvement of T cells in the regression of tumors. This novel and reproducible nude rat model of human ATL would be useful for investigation of leukemogenesis and antitumor immune responses in HTLV-1 infection.
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3

Cordonnier, Marie-Neige. "Qui es-tu, rat-taupe nu ?" Pour la Science N° 551 – septembre, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pls.551.0042.

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4

del Marmol, Delphine. "Les pouvoirs extraordinaires du rat-taupe nu." Pour la Science N° 551 – septembre, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pls.551.0034.

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5

Benazzoug, Y., B. Chaouad, F. Zerrouk, A. Ghoul, A. Moulahoum, K. Othmani-Mecif, and S. Aouichat-Bouguerra. "Impact d’une hyperhomocystéinémie sur la structure hépatique du rat des sables, Psammomys obesus." Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme 30, no. 3 (September 2016): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nupar.2016.09.072.

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6

Benmouloud, A., S. Zahaf, F. Khammar, and Z. Amirat. "P2-160 - Interaction testicule-corticosurrénale, chez le rat des sables psammomys obesus adulte." Annales d'Endocrinologie 67, no. 5 (October 2006): 531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4266(06)72991-2.

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7

Suzuki, T., N. Suzuki, and T. Hosoya. "Limited proteolysis of rat liver nucleolin by endogenous proteases: effects of polyamines and histones." Biochemical Journal 289, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2890109.

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Nucleolin is a major nucleolar phosphoprotein and is presumably involved in rDNA transcription and ribosome biosynthesis. This protein is known to be very labile and to be cleaved by endogenous proteases into many small peptides. We found that, when rat liver nucleolar suspension (Nu-1) or nucleolin-rich extract (Nu-2) was incubated under conventional conditions, polyamines and histones interacted with the nucleolin to lead to its preferential degradation to 60 kDa phosphopeptide (p60). The peptide p60 was identified as a peptide containing the N-terminal half of the nucleolin molecule, as judged from peptide-map analysis. Whereas spermine binding to the purified nucleolin was decreased by KCl concentrations above 50 mM, histones (H1, H2B and H3) were able to bind to the nucleolin in the presence of up to 300 mM KCl. A distinct difference between H1 and other histones was found in that H1 could produce p60 from nucleolin in both Nu-1 and Nu-2, whereas H2B and H3 stimulated the degradation of nucleolin to p60 only when Nu-2 was used for the source of nucleolin. A possible relationship between p60 formation and rRNA synthesis is discussed, but its exact role remains to be studied.
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8

Omari, N. "P227 Syndrome métabolique chez le rat des sables (Psammomys obesus) : dysfonctionnement de l’axe corticotrope." Diabetes & Metabolism 36 (March 2010): A92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(10)70375-x.

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9

Boubekri, A., T. Gernigon, N. Kaci, F. Khammar, and J. Exbrayat. "Plasticité des cellules lactotropes au cours du cycle de reproduction du rat des sables." Annales d'Endocrinologie 74, no. 4 (September 2013): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2013.07.692.

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10

Menad, R., S. Smaï-Hamdidouche, T. Gernigon, and J. M. Exbrayat. "Les récepteurs des œstrogènes dans les canaux efférents du rat des sables, psammomys obesus." Annales d'Endocrinologie 76, no. 4 (September 2015): 498–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2015.07.665.

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11

Taguchi, O., T. Takahashi, M. Seto, R. Namikawa, M. Matsuyama, and Y. Nishizuka. "Development of multiple organ-localized autoimmune diseases in nude mice after reconstitution of T cell function by rat fetal thymus graft." Journal of Experimental Medicine 164, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.164.1.60.

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Restoration of T cell function of athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice was investigated after transplantation of xenogeneic thymic rudiments from 15-d-old embryonic rats into kidney subcapsule. The rudiments developed well and formed a proper thymus structure composed of donor epithelia and host lymphocytes. Examination of antibody responses to SRBC revealed that approximately half the normal number of indirect PFCs were observed. Skin grafts from syngeneic BALB/c mice and thymic donor rat strains were accepted, whereas those from allogeneic mice and the rats of other than donor strains were vigorously rejected. Thymus-grafted nude mice under a conventional environment survived without any evident infectious diseases. Histological and immunofluorescence studies, however, showed a high incidence of multiple organ-localized autoimmune diseases in thyroid, salivary gland, stomach, adrenal, prostate, ovary, and testis in mice that produced the corresponding autoantibodies. These results together suggested that rat thymic grafts reconstituted T cell functions of nu/nu mice to a considerable degree, but that organ-localized autoimmune diseases developed, probably because certain auto-antigens of the recipients were recognized by the newly reconstituted host immunity.
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12

Dahmani, Y., J. Catala, F. Fichaux, C. Azema, S. Belarbi, S. Moussa, N. Omari, and R. Bonnafous. "Effects du gliclazide chez le lapin diabétique et le rat des sables diabétique et hypercholestérolémique." Reproduction Nutrition Développement 30, no. 1 (1990): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19900124.

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13

Boubekri, A., R. Menad, T. Gernigon, F. Khammar, and J. M. Exbrayat. "Immunoexpression de l’aromatase au niveau de l’appareil reproducteur mâle et femelle du rat des sables." Annales d'Endocrinologie 76, no. 4 (September 2015): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2015.07.660.

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14

Boubekri, A., and T. Gernigon. "Caractérisation des gonades du rat des sables, Psammomys obesus, au cours du repos saisonnier de reproduction." Annales d'Endocrinologie 75, no. 5-6 (October 2014): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2014.07.506.

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15

Zuhri, Ach. "PROFITABILITAS KSPPS BMT NU CABANG LARANGAN PAMEKASAN TAHUN 2018." Jurnal Tabarru': Islamic Banking and Finance 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jtb.2020.vol3(2).5819.

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Profitabilitas merupakan salah satu cara dalam mengukur dan melihat besarnya laba, untuk mengetahui seberapa efisien suatu perusahaan dalam menjalankan usahanya. Cara mengetahui besar kecilnya tingkat profitabilitas bank yaitu dengan menggunakan Return on Assets (ROA), ROA menunjukkan kapabilitas perusahaan menggunakan seluruh aktiva yang perusahaan miliki dalam menghasilkan keuntungan setelah pajak. Rasio ini sangat penting bagi pihak manajemen perusahaan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas dan efisiensi usaha dalam mengelola seluruh pendapatan perusahaan. BMT NU saat ini telah tergolong berkembang pesat, dapat dilihat dari pertama berdirinya modal awal dari BMT NU yaitu tanggal 1 Juli 2004 hanya Rp. 400 ribu saja, berkat kerja keras pengurus dan anggota BMT NU waktu itu sehingga terbukti pada akhir tahun buku 2006 jumlah asset BMT NU sudah mencapai Rp. 30.361.230. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, sumber data yang peneliti gunakan menggunakan sumber data sekunder yang diambil dari laporan Rapat Anggota Tahunan (RAT) BMT NU Cabang Larangan tahun 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berdasarkan analisis data penelitian yang telah peneliti lakukan menggunakan Return on Assets dengan menjumlahkan antara laba bersih setelah dikurangi pajak dibagi dengan total aset mendapatkan hasil sebesar 2,81%. Dilihat dari hasil analisis tersebut tingkat Return on Asset yang ada di KSPPS BMT NU Cabang Larangan masih tergolong kurang baik karena berada pada kriteria antara 1% s.d 3%. Dapat diartikan bahwa BMT NU Cabang Larangan kurang baik dan kurang mampu mengelola hasil investasinya pada aset menjadi keuntungan atau laba.
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16

Chen, Xiu-Wen, Na Ni, Xiao-Jun Xie, Ying-Lin Zhao, Wen-Zi Liang, Yu-Xin Huang, and Chang-Min Lin. "Sympathetic Reinnervation of Intact and Upper Follicle Xenografts into BALB/c-nu/nu Mice." Life 13, no. 11 (November 4, 2023): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13112163.

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Increasing concerns about hair loss affect people’s quality of life. Recent studies have found that sympathetic nerves play a positive role in regulating hair follicle stem cell activity to promote hair growth. However, no study has investigated sympathetic innervation of transplanted follicles. Rat vibrissa follicles were extracted and implanted under the dorsal skin of BALB/c-nu/nu mice using one of two types of follicles: (1) intact follicles, where transplants included bulbs, and (2) upper follicles, where transplants excluded bulbs. Follicular samples were collected for hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a sympathetic marker) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. At 37 days after implantation in both groups, follicles had entered anagen, with the growth of long hair shafts; tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive nerves were innervating follicles (1.45-fold); and norepinephrine concentrations (2.03-fold) were significantly increased compared to 5 days, but did not return to normal. We demonstrate the survival of intact and upper follicle xenografts and the partial restoration of sympathetic reinnervations of both transplanted follicles.
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17

Kocic, G., J. Nikolic, T. Jevtovic-Stoimenov, D. Sokolovic, H. Kocic, T. Cvetkovic, D. Pavlovic, A. Cencic, and D. Stojanovic. "L-Arginine Intake Effect on Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism in Rat Parenchymal and Reproductive Tissues." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/208239.

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L-arginine is conditionally essetcial amino acid, required for normal cell growth, protein synthesis, ammonia detoxification, tissue growth and general performance, proposed in the treatment of men sterility and prevention of male impotence. The aim of the present paper was to estimate the activity of the enzymes of adenine nucleotide metabolism:5′-nucleotidase (5′-NU), adenosine deaminase (ADA), AMP deaminase, and xanthine oxidase (XO), during dietary intake of L-arginine for a period of four weeks of male Wistar rats. Adenosine concentration in tissues is maintained by the relative activities of the adenosine-producing enzyme,5′-NU and the adenosine-degrading enzyme-ADA adenosine deaminase. Dietary L-arginine intake directed adenine nucleotide metabolism in liver, kidney, and testis tissue toward the activation of adenosine production, by increased5′-NU activity and decreased ADA activity. Stimulation of adenosine accumulation could be of importance in mediating arginine antiatherosclerotic, vasoactive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. Assuming that the XO activity reflects the rate of purine catabolism in the cell, while the activity of AMP deaminase is of importance in ATP regeneration, reduced activity of XO, together with the increased AMP-deaminase activity, may suggest that adenine nucleotides are presumably directed to the ATP regenerating process during dietary L-arginine intake.
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18

Suit, Herman D., Sara Rockwell, Anthony Zeitman, Vlatko Silobrcic, Elizabeth A. Porter, Jonathan Ramsay, and Robert Sedlacek. "Quantitative transplantation assays of the rat rhabdomyosarcoma BA1112 isografts into the WAG/Rij Y rat and xenotransplantation into the athymic NCr(nu/nu) nude mouse." European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 25, no. 10 (October 1989): 1463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5379(89)90105-3.

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19

Ohashi, Takashi, Shino Hanabuchi, Hirotomo Kato, Hiromi Tateno, Fumiyo Takemura, Tomonori Tsukahara, Yoshihiro Koya, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Takao Masuda, and Mari Kannagi. "Prevention of Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Like Lymphoproliferative Disease in Rats by Adoptively Transferred T Cells from a Donor Immunized with Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax-Coding DNA Vaccine." Journal of Virology 74, no. 20 (October 15, 2000): 9610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.20.9610-9616.2000.

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ABSTRACT Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in infected individuals after a long incubation period. To dissect the mechanisms of the development of the disease, we have previously established a rat model of ATL-like disease which allows examination of the growth and spread of HTLV-1 infected tumor cells, as well assessment of the effects of immune T cells on the development of the disease. In the present study, we induced HTLV-1 Tax-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity by vaccination with Tax-coding DNA and examined the effects of the DNA vaccine in our rat ATL-like disease model. Our results demonstrated that DNA vaccine with Tax effectively induced Tax-specific CTL activity in F344/N Jcl-rnu/+ (nu/+) rats and that these CTLs were able to lyse HTLV-1 infected syngeneic T cells in vitro. Adoptive transfer of these immune T cells effectively inhibited the in vivo growth of HTLV-1-transformed tumor in F344/N Jcl-rnu/rnu (nu/nu) rats inoculated with a rat HTLV-1 infected T cell line. Vaccination with mutant Tax DNA lacking transforming ability also induced efficient anti-tumor immunity in this model. Our results indicated a promising effect for DNA vaccine with HTLV-1 Tax against HTLV-1 tumor development in vivo.
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20

Ghoul, A., N. Kaci-Ouchefoun, F. Zerrouk, B. Chaouad, J. M. Exbrayat, and Y. Benazzoug. "Hyperhomocystéinémie et récepteurs des œstrogènes au niveau de la vésicule séminale du rat des sables, Psammomys obesus." Annales d'Endocrinologie 79, no. 4 (September 2018): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2018.06.173.

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21

Lestaevel, P., S. Grison, G. Favé, C. Elie, B. Dhieux, J. C. Martin, K. Tack, and M. Souidi. "Assessment of the Central Effects of Natural UraniumviaBehavioural Performances and the Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolome." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9740353.

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Natural uranium (NU), a component of the earth’s crust, is not only a heavy metal but also an alpha particle emitter, with chemical and radiological toxicity. Populations may therefore be chronically exposed to NU through drinking water and food. Since the central nervous system is known to be sensitive to pollutants during its development, we assessed the effects on the behaviour and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolome of rats exposed for 9 months from birth to NUvialactation and drinking water (1.5, 10, or 40 mg·L−1for male rats and 40 mg·L−1for female rats). Medium-term memory decreased in comparison to controls in male rats exposed to 1.5, 10, or 40 mg·L−1NU. In male rats, spatial working memory and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour were only altered by exposure to 40 mg·L−1NU and any significant effect was observed on locomotor activity. In female rats exposed to NU, only locomotor activity was significantly increased in comparison with controls. LC-MS metabolomics of CSF discriminated the fingerprints of the male and/or female NU-exposed and control groups. This study suggests that exposure to environmental doses of NU from development to adulthood can have an impact on rat brain function.
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22

Ikeda, H., O. Taguchi, T. Takahashi, G. Itoh, and Y. Nishizuka. "L3T4 effector cells in multiple organ-localized autoimmune disease in nude mice grafted with embryonic rat thymus." Journal of Experimental Medicine 168, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 2397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.168.6.2397.

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Rat thymic grafts reconstituted T cell functions of BALB/c nude (nu/nu) mice to a considerable degree, but multiple organ-localized autoimmune diseases such as oophoritis and thyroiditis generally developed. The effector cell population in this autoimmune model was studied by adoptive transfer of the lesions into syngeneic nude mice. The transfer activity was not diminished when spleen cells were incubated with antiserum against rat cell antigen and C, but the activity was completely vanished by incubation with anti-Thy-1.2 plus C, indicating that the effector cells are T cells of mouse origin. Elimination of the L3T4+ subset virtually abolished the transfer activity, whereas that of the Lyt-2+ subset did not, indicating that the effector cells are L3T4+. Positive selection experiments by FACS also demonstrated that L3T4+ cells, but not Lyt-2+ cells, were capable of inducing the lesion, confirming the results with depletion experiments described above.
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23

Zuhri, Ach. "Analisis Promotion Mix pada Produk SIDIK Fathonah di BMT NU Cabang Ganding." Economic and Education Journal (Ecoducation) 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/ecoducation.v2i1.729.

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Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif, informan adalah karyawan Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) NU Cabang Ganding. Sedangkan tehnik pengumpulan datanya yaitu dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama; Variabel promotion mix sudah diterapkan di BMT NU Cabang Ganding, advertising (periklanan) berupa pemasangan spanduk dan penyebaran browsur, sales promotion dengan cara mendatangi langsung serta melakukan demonstrasi produk SIDIK Fathonah kepada para siswa, publicity dengan cara mengadakan pengajian saat Rapat Anggota Tahunan (RAT) dan pemberitaan kegiatan dan produk di media online NU, dan personal selling dengan mendatangi dan berbicara langsung dengan kepala sekolah dan orang tua siswa terdekat. Kedua; kekuatan, yaitu dengan strategi jaringan silaturrahim dan pendekatan personal, kelemahan, minimnya tenaga kerja, pemberitaan dan periklanan terlalu universal, peluang, terbukanya peraturan perundang-undangan dan letak kantor yang strategis, dan ancaman, teknologi yang dimiliki kurang memadai dan munculnya pesaing yang semakin banyak dengan inovasi promosi yang semakin bagus dan bisa menyesuaikan dengan kondisi dan kebutuhan sekitar.
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24

Dawson, T. P., R. Gandhi, M. Le Hir, and B. Kaissling. "Ecto-5'-nucleotidase: localization in rat kidney by light microscopic histochemical and immunohistochemical methods." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 1 (January 1989): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.1.2535703.

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We demonstrated the distribution pattern of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nu) in rat kidney by enzymatic activity (lead salt precipitation) and by immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal antibody raised in rabbits. Enzyme activity was found in the brush border of the proximal tubule, highest in the P1 segments with decreasing intensity in the P2 segments and weakest in P3 segments in the medullary rays of the cortex. The P3 segments of the outer stripe showed slightly higher activity. Activity was also apparent in the intercalated cells in the connecting tubule and collecting duct, whereas all other tubular and glomerular structures were negative. Activity in peritubular and perivascular connective tissue was highest in the cortical labyrinth, weak or absent in the medullary rays of the cortex, and entirely absent in the medulla. The distribution of the antigen was fully congruent with that of the enzyme activity. With respect to the role of adenosine in regulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, the distribution of 5'-Nu in the cortical interstitium may be particularly significant. The possibility of nucleotide cleavage at the brush-border membranes may be important for salvage of nucleotides from the tubular lumen.
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25

Fontán, J. Julio Pérez, Daniel N. Cortright, James E. Krause, Christine R. Velloff, Vladimir V. Karpitskyi, Terry W. Carver, Steven D. Shapiro, and Bassem N. Mora. "Substance P and neurokinin-1 receptor expression by intrinsic airway neurons in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 278, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): L344—L355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2000.278.2.l344.

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Tachykinins and their receptors are involved in the amplification of inflammation in the airways. We analyzed the expression of preprotachykinin-A (PPT-A) and neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor genes by intrinsic airway neurons in the rat. We also tested the hypothesis that PPT-A-encoded peptides released by these neurons fulfill the requisite role of substance P in immune complex injury of the lungs. We found that ganglion neurons in intact and denervated airways or in primary culture coexpress PPT-A and NK-1 receptor mRNAs and their protein products. Denervated ganglia from tracheal xenografts ( nu/nu mice) or syngeneic lung grafts had increased PPT-A mRNA contents, suggesting preganglionic regulation. Formation of immune complexes in the airways induced comparable inflammatory injuries in syngeneic lung grafts, which lack peptidergic sensory fibers, and control lungs. The injury was attenuated in both cases by pretreatment with the NK-1 receptor antagonist LY-306740. We conclude that tachykinins released by ganglia act as a paracrine or autocrine signal in the airways and may contribute to NK-1 receptor-mediated amplification of immune injury in the lungs.
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26

Menad, R., L. Lakabi, S. Smaï-Hamdidouche, T. Gernigon-Sychalowicz, E. Moudilou, Z. Hamidouche, and J. M. Exbrayat. "Impact de la saison sur l’immunodistribution des récepteurs des œstrogènes dans le testicule du rat des sables, Psammomys obesus." Annales d'Endocrinologie 79, no. 4 (September 2018): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2018.06.162.

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27

Krowicki, Zbigniew K., Nicole A. Nathan, and Pamela J. Hornby. "Gastric motor and cardiovascular effects of insulin in dorsal vagal complex of the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 275, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): G964—G972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1998.275.5.g964.

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Insulin-binding sites exist in the lower brain stem of the rat, raising the possibility that the circulating hormone may have cardiovascular and gastric effects at this site. Therefore, we investigated the autonomic effects of applying rat insulin to the surface of the dorsal medulla (0.3 and 3 μU/rat) or microinjecting it into the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) (0.1–10 nU/site) in anesthetized rats. Application of rat insulin to the surface (3 μU/rat) and its microinjection into the DVC (1 and 10 nU/site) both evoked marked, albeit transient, increases in intragastric pressure, pyloric and greater curvature contractile activity, and blood pressure. Much higher doses of human (100 mU) and porcine insulin (3 mU) were needed to evoke modest changes in gastric motor and cardiovascular function when applied to the surface of the dorsal medulla. In addition, a 1,000-fold higher dose of porcine insulin (10 μU) in the DVC was not enough to mimic the autonomic effects of rat insulin microinjected into the same site. The excitatory gastric motor effects of rat insulin in the lower brain stem were abolished by vagotomy, whereas spinal cord transection blocked insulin-evoked increases in blood pressure. To test whether the gastric motor effects of rat insulin in the lower brain stem were caused by potential contamination with pancreatic polypeptide, we microinjected rat pancreatic polypeptide into the DVC at a single dose of 2 pmol. Only a modest increase in intragastric pressure in response to the hormone was observed. Thus it is likely that insulin, through its action in the lower brain stem, may be implicated in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular complications in hyperinsulinemia. In addition, species variations in the amino acid sequence of insulin may affect its biological activity in the brain of different species.
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Pieger, Katharina, Verena Schmitt, Carina Gauer, Nadja Gießl, Iryna Prots, Beate Winner, Jürgen Winkler, Johann Helmut Brandstätter, and Wei Xiang. "Translocation of Distinct Alpha Synuclein Species from the Nucleus to Neuronal Processes during Neuronal Differentiation." Biomolecules 12, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12081108.

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Alpha synuclein (aSyn) and its aggregation are crucial for the neurodegeneration of Parkinson’s disease (PD). aSyn was initially described in the nucleus and presynaptic nerve terminals. However, the biology of nuclear aSyn and the link of aSyn between subcellular compartments are less understood. Current knowledge suggests the existence of various aSyn species with distinct structural and biochemical properties. Here, we identified a C-terminal-targeting aSyn antibody (Nu-aSyn-C), which has a high immunoaffinity towards aSyn in the nucleus. Comparing the Nu-aSyn-C antibody to aSyn antibodies developed against phosphorylated or aggregated forms, we observed that nuclear aSyn differs from cytosolic aSyn by an increased phosphorylation and assembly level in proliferating cells. Employing Nu-aSyn-C, we characterized aSyn distribution during neuronal differentiation in midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and Lund human mesencephalic cells, and in primary rat hippocampal neurons. We detected a specific translocation pattern of aSyn during neuronal differentiation from the nucleus to the soma and finally to neuronal processes. Interestingly, a remarkable shift of Nu-aSyn-C-positive species towards neurites was detected in hiPSC mDANs from a PD patient carrying aSyn gene duplication. Together, our results reveal distinct nuclear and cytosolic aSyn species that redistribute during neuronal differentiation—a process that is altered in PD-derived neurons.
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29

Bachmann, S., M. Le Hir, and K. U. Eckardt. "Co-localization of erythropoietin mRNA and ecto-5'-nucleotidase immunoreactivity in peritubular cells of rat renal cortex indicates that fibroblasts produce erythropoietin." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 41, no. 3 (March 1993): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/41.3.8429197.

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In adults, the kidneys are the major site of production of the glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin (EPO), but the type of renal cell producing EPO has not yet been identified. In the present study we used non-radioactive in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probe to localize cells that produce erythropoietin (EPO) in kidneys of anemic rats. Cryostat sections from both native and perfusion-fixed tissue were used. Cells containing EPO mRNA were found exclusively in the peritubular space of the renal cortex. Using high-resolution interference contrast optics, we found that cells expressing EPO mRNA were not associated with the lumina of peritubular capillaries but rather were located in the angles between adjacent tubules or between tubules and vessels. These spaces are predominantly occupied by resident interstitial fibroblasts and by their cytoplasmic processes. To further identify the type of cell containing EPO mRNA, a double-labeling protocol was established that permitted on the same tissue section both in situ hybridization for EPO mRNA and parallel immunolabeling of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nu), a surface marker of peritubular interstitial fibroblasts. The combined labeling technique revealed that a clear majority of cells expressing EPO mRNA also displayed staining for anti-5'-Nu. Staining for EPO mRNA was localized in central perinuclear parts of the interstitial cells, whereas 5'-Nu label was present on the cell surface, including the cytoplasmic processes. These data indicate that peritubular fibroblasts are cellular sites for production of erythropoietin.
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30

Susan, Costantini, Vasu Gautam, Salvatore Maria, Leila Birolo, Sara Longobardi, and Colonna Giovanni. "Conformational Analysis of Rat Seminal Vesicle Secretory Protein 4, an Intrinsically Disordered Protein Having Interesting Pharmacological Properties." International Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 2 (October 16, 2015): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v7n2p133.

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Rat seminal vesicle protein 4 (RSV4) is a member of the seminal vesicle protein family present in rats, 90 residues long. When secreted, it is involved in many functions related to the reproduction ranging from semen coagulation to sperm capacitation, but its fragments have also shown in vitro pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and pro-coagulant activity, important in the cancer development. However, no three-dimensional model of this protein is yet available probably because of the presence of intrinsic disorder in the structure. In this article we report structural studies in solution of RSV4 by SEC (size exclusion chromatography) and CD (circular dichroism). In solution the monomer is highly flexible and poorly organized with the presence of highly fluctuating helical segments and, as also suggested by SEC, is classifiable as NU-PMG (natively unfolded pre-molten globule). The lack of a cooperative sigmoidal structural transition induced by thermal and GdmCl perturbation in monomer supports the poor structural organization expected for a NU-PMG conformational model. The structure of RSV4 monomer was modeled computationally and subjected to molecular dynamics simulations to study its conformational changes and energetic stability.
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Frei, K., S. Bodmer, C. Schwerdel, and A. Fontana. "Astrocytes of the brain synthesize interleukin 3-like factors." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 4044–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.6.4044.

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Abstract Interleukin 3 (IL 3) is produced by T lymphocytes and T cell lines, as well as by a myelomonocytic cell line (WEHI-3), and it activates lymphocytes and mast cells, as well as macrophages. Recently we have demonstrated that astrocytes act as immune accessory cells through the secretion of interleukin 1 and the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes. Here we show that cultured astrocytes from newborn mice release a 30,000 m.w. factor that induces the expression of 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nu/nu spleen cells and the proliferation of the IL 3-dependent cell line 32DCL. An analogous biological activity was detected in supernatant of cultured rat C6 glioma cells. Production of IL 3-like factors by astrocytes of the central nervous system may be essential for development and maintenance of hemo and lymphopoietic cells within inflammatory brain lesions.
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32

Fakih, Muhammad Nur, Nuraedhi Apriyanto, and Toni Setiawan. "PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MENDIAGNOSIS KERUSAKAN SISTEM REM KONVENSIONAL MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH (PROBLEM BASED LEARNING) DENGAN MEDIA VIDEO." Journal of Vocational Education and Automotive Technology 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31331/joveat.v5i1.2606.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBL) dengan media video pada siswa kelas XII TKR SMK NU 1 Slawi, 2) Untuk mengetahui peningkatan keaktifan belajar dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBL) dengan media video pada siswa kelas XII TKR SMK NU 1 Slawi, 3) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana guru mengimplementasikan dengan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBL) dengan media video pada siswa kelas XII TKR SMK NU 1 Slawi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subyek penelitian tindakan kelas ini adala siswa kelas XII TKR SMK NU 1 Slawitahun ajaran 2021/2022, yang berjumlah 42 siswa diantaranya 40 laki-laki 2 perempuan. Aspek yang diteliti meliputiaktivitas siswa yang menunjukan motivasi belajar siswa dan tindakan pembelajaran yang ditujukan oleh guru sebagai indikator keterlaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis tugas. Setelah data diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskripsi persentase. Analisis data dengan analisis kualitatif untuk mencari persentase rata-rata hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa hasil belajar siswa meningkat dari tiap siklus. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari meningkatnya skor rat-rata dari pra siklus dengan persentase 29% berkategori kurang, naik menjadi 58% berkategori cukup dan semakin meningkat pada siklus II yaitu sebesar 87%. Hasil belajar siswa dapat dilihat dari meningkatnya hasil pembelajaran dengan menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBL) berdasarkan persentase siswa yang memenuhi standar kompetensi pada pra siklus 29%, pada siklus I meningkat sebesar 58% naik menjadi 87% pada siklus II. Kata kunci : pembelajaran berbasis masalah (problem based learning), media video, hasil belajar
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Ito, Kazuhide, Koki Mitsumune, Kazuki Kuga, Nguyen L. Phuong, Kenji Tani, and Kiao Inthavong. "Prediction of convective heat transfer coefficients for the upper respiratory tracts of rat, dog, monkey, and humans." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 6 (August 1, 2016): 828–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16662111.

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In vivo studies involving mammal surrogate models for toxicology studies have restrictions related to animal protection and ethics. Computer models, i.e., in silico models, have great potential to contribute towards essential understanding of heat and mass transfer phenomena in respiratory tracts in place of in vivo and in vitro studies. Here, we developed numerical upper airway models of a rat, a dog, a monkey, and two humans by using computed tomography data and then applied computational fluid dynamics analysis. Convective heat transfer coefficients were precisely analysed as a function of breathing airflow rate. Based on the computational fluid dynamics simulation results, the correlations between Nusselt ( Nu) number and the product of the Reynolds ( Re) and Prandtl ( Pr) numbers were summarized. The heat transfer efficiency (order of hc and correlation of Nu and RePr) in the upper airway of the dog seems to match those of the human models. On the other hand, the results for the rat and monkey showed clear differences compared with those of human models. The identified fundamental qualities of convective heat transfer phenomena in airways for rats, dogs, monkeys, and humans, have enabled discussions about quantitative differences of heat and mass transfer efficiency between different animals/species.
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34

Oréa, Valérie, Roy Kanbar, Bruno Chapuis, Christian Barrès, and Claude Julien. "Transfer function analysis between arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity at cardiac pacing frequencies in the rat." Journal of Applied Physiology 102, no. 3 (March 2007): 1034–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01064.2006.

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This study examined the possible influence of changes in heart rate (HR) on the gain of the transfer function relating renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) to arterial pressure (AP) at HR frequency in rats. In seven urethane-anesthetized rats, AP and RSNA were recorded under baseline conditions (spontaneous HR = 338 ± 6 beats/min, i.e., 5.6 ± 0.1 Hz) and during 70-s periods of cardiac pacing at 6–9 Hz applied in random order. Cardiac pacing slightly increased mean AP (0.8 ± 0.2 mmHg/Hz) and decreased pulse pressure (−3.6 ± 0.3 mmHg/Hz) while leaving the mean level of RSNA essentially unaltered ( P = 0.680, repeated-measures ANOVA). The gain of the transfer function from AP to RSNA measured at HR frequency was always associated with a strong, significant coherence and was stable between 6 and 9 Hz ( P = 0.185). The transfer function gain measured under baseline conditions [2.44 ± 0.28 normalized units (NU)/mmHg] did not differ from that measured during cardiac pacing (2.46 ± 0.27 NU/mmHg). On the contrary, phase decreased linearly as a function of HR, which indicated the presence of a fixed time delay (97 ± 6 ms) between AP and RSNA. In conclusion, the dynamic properties of arterial baroreflex pathways do not affect the gain of the transfer function between AP and RSNA measured at HR frequency in the upper part of the physiological range of HR variations in the rat.
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35

Robaglia, A., and R. Seite. "Changes in nucleoli and nucleolar fibrillar centres of chromaffin cells in rat adrenal medulla over a 24-hour period: an ultrastructural and stereological analysis." Journal of Cell Science 77, no. 1 (August 1, 1985): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.77.1.255.

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A stereological and ultrastructural study was performed on the nucleoli of the adrenal medulla chromaffin cells of rats exposed to a standardized 12 h light/12 h dark cycle with free access to food and water. The animals were killed three at a time, every 4 h during the 24-h span and fixed by intracardiac perfusion. In these reticulated nucleoli, the stereological analysis over a 24-h period showed a variation dependent on the time of killing for the two parameters investigated, the mean nucleolar volume, Vnu, and the mean volume of the fibrillar centres, Vfc(nu). The minimal value occurred at 0300 h (dark span) and the maximal one at 0700 h (at the onset of the light span). Between these two extreme values, Vnu increased 1.8-fold and Vfc(nu) 5.3-fold. These data are compared with a previous description from our laboratory of circadian rhythm in nucleoli of sympathetic neurons of superior cervical ganglion in the same animals. Analogies and differences are pointed out, but apart from these considerations the present study provides a new example of temporal organization at the cellular level in the organelle involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.
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36

McCormick, K. L., and G. J. Mick. "Kinetic superiority of intra- vs. extracellular pentose pathway flux: studies in porous adipocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 261, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): C476—C481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1991.261.3.c476.

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Considering how the cytosol is typically prepared, to wit, by cell disruption and ultracentrifugation, historically this compartment has been deemed unstructured and kinetically analogous to a solubilized system. By prudently permeabilizing rat adipocytes so that there is scant enzyme egress, intermediary metabolism can be explored intracellularly. Herein, cytoplasmic flux vs. a soluble reference system was compared. The three-enzyme oxidative portion of the pentose pathway was examined using [1-14C]glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P); both the steady-state velocities (nu o) and transient times (tau ss) were compared in each system. At low G-6-P levels (much less than km), nu o is dependent solely on the activity of the first enzyme, and tau ss is determined by the distal two enzymes. In our experiments, the need also arose to compare tau ss between preparations, wherein the enzyme concentrations were unequal. It is shown that tau ss.nu o/G-6-P serves as an index of kinetic efficiency. Over various dilutions, the kinetic value (nu o/G-6-P) for the porous cells ranged from 2.0 to 23.9 x 10(-6) l/min, with corresponding tau ss values of 18-1.0 min. The respective values for the solubilized enzyme system were from 4.9 to 42.2 x 10(-6) l/min and from 15.2 to 1.1 min. This abbreviated pathway occurring in porous cells was nearly twice as fast at reaching steady state than the corresponding solubilized system. We conclude that cytoplasmic flux is kinetically efficient and that metabolic studies conducted only under Vmax conditions and ignoring tau ss could overlook the cellular effects of hormones or pathological states.
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37

Doss, Kishore Krishnagiri Manoj, Pei En Mion, Yu-Chieh Jill Kao, Tsung-Ter Kuo, and Jyh-Cheng Chen. "Performance Evaluation of a PET of 7T Bruker Micro-PET/MR Based on NEMA NU 4-2008 Standards." Electronics 11, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 2194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142194.

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Purpose: This study aimed to measure the performance evaluation of the Bruker sequential micro-positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) scanner by following National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 4-2008 standards’ protocol. The system consists of a high-performance silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) advanced technology detector and a continuous lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystal. Methods: A 22Na (sodium-22) point source was utilized to assess the spatial resolution and system sensitivity, and the Micro-PET scatter phantom measurements were conducted to measure count rate measurements and scatter fractions (SF). A mouse-like Micro-PET image quality (IQ) phantom was utilized as a model to analyze the uniformity, recovery coefficient (RC), and spillover ratio (SOR). A small animal PET/MRI imaging study was performed in a rat. Results: We calculated the spatial resolutions of filtered back-projection (FBP), and used 3D-MLEM to reconstruct PET images at the axial center and ¼ of the axial field of view (FOV) in axial, radial, and tangential directions. The best observed spatial resolutions in both reconstructed images were obtained in the tangential direction, and the values were 0.80 mm in 3D-MLEM and 0.94 mm in FBP. The peak noise equivalent count rate (NECR) in the 358–664 keV energy window was 477.30 kcps at 95.83 MBq and 774.45 kcps at 103.6 MBq for rat and mouse-sized scatter phantoms, respectively. The rat and mouse-sized phantoms scatter fractions (SF) were 14.2% and 6.9%, respectively. Conclusions: According to our results, the performance characteristics of the scanner are high sensitivity, good spatial resolution, low scatter fraction, and good IQ, indicating that it is suitable for preclinical imaging studies.
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38

Muralidhar, Sumitra, Anne M. Pumfery, Morad Hassani, M. Reza Sadaie, Norio Azumi, Masamichi Kishishita, John N. Brady, Jay Doniger, Peter Medveczky, and Leonard J. Rosenthal. "Identification of Kaposin (Open Reading Frame K12) as a Human Herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus) Transforming Gene." Journal of Virology 72, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 4980–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.6.4980-4988.1998.

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ABSTRACT The recently identified human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8, or Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) has been implicated in the etiology of both Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion (body cavity-based) lymphoma (PEL) (Y. Chang et al., Science 266:1865–1869, 1994; P. S. Moore et al., J. Virol. 70:549–558, 1996). An important feature of the association of HHV-8 with these malignancies is the expression of an abundant, latency-associated 0.7-kb transcript, T0.7 (W. Zhong et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:6641–6646, 1996). T0.7 is found in all stages in nearly all KS tumors of different epidemiologic origin, including AIDS-associated, African endemic, and classical KS (K. A. Staskus et al., J. Virol. 71:715–719, 1997), as well as in a body cavity-based lymphoma-derived cell line, BCBL-1, that is latently infected with HHV-8 (R. Renne et al., Nat. Med. 2:342–346, 1996). T0.7 encodes a unique HHV-8 open reading frame, K12, also known as kaposin. In this study, we report that the kaposin gene induced tumorigenic transformation. Constructs with kaposin expressed either from its endogenous promoter or from a heterologous promoter induced focal transformation upon transfection into Rat-3 cells. All transformed Rat-3 cell lines containing kaposin sequences produced high-grade, highly vascular, undifferentiated sarcomas upon subcutaneous injection of athymic nu/nu mice. Tumor-derived cell lines expressed kaposin mRNA, suggesting a role in the maintenance of the transformed phenotype. Furthermore, kaposin protein was detected in transformed and tumor-derived cells by immunofluorescence and localized to the cytoplasm. More importantly, expression of kaposin protein was also detected in the PEL cell lines BCBL-1 and KS-1. These findings demonstrate the oncogenic potential of kaposin and suggest its possible role in the development of KS and other HHV-8-associated malignancies.
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39

Cartier, N., R. Lacave, V. Vallet, J. Hagege, R. Hellio, S. Robine, E. Pringault, F. Cluzeaud, P. Briand, and A. Kahn. "Establishment of renal proximal tubule cell lines by targeted oncogenesis in transgenic mice using the L-pyruvate kinase-SV40 (T) antigen hybrid gene." Journal of Cell Science 104, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.104.3.695.

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Targeted oncogenesis allowed us to obtain two cell lines which have been derived from the proximal tubule of kidney from transgenic mice harbouring the simian virus (SV40) large T and small t antigens placed under the control of the 5′ regulatory sequence from the rat L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene. The cell lines (PKSV-PCT and PKSV-PR cells) were derived from early (PCT) and late (Pars Recta, PR) microdissected proximal tubules grown in D-glucose-enriched medium. In such conditions of culture, both cell lines exhibited L-PK transcripts, a stable expression of SV40-encoded nuclear large T antigen, a prolonged life span but failed to induce tumors when injected sub-cutaneously into athymic (nu-nu) mice. Confluent cells, grown on plastic support or porous filters, were organized as monolayers of polarized cuboid cells with well developed apical microvilli and formed domes. Both cell lines exhibited morphological features of proximal tubule cells with villin located in the apical brush-border and substantial amounts of hydrolase activity. By immunofluorescence studies using specific antibodies, aminopeptidase N appeared restricted to the apical microvillar domain, whereas the H2 histocompatibility antigen was distributed in the cytoplasm and lateral membranes. These results demonstrate that the proximal morphological phenotype has been fully preserved in these cultured cells derived from tissue-specific targeted oncogenesis in transgenic mice.
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40

Chaouad, B., E. Moudilou, A. Ghoul, A. Moulahoum, F. Zerrouk, K. Othmani Mecif, J. M. Exbrayat, and Y. Benazzoug. "Implication de la balance MMP-2/TIMP-2 et MMP-9/TIMP-1 dans le remodelage matriciel myocardique chez le rat des sables, Psammomys obesus hyperhomocystéinémique." Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme 37, no. 2 (May 2023): e76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nupar.2023.03.139.

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41

GUILLAUMOT, Patricia, I. SABBAGH, J. BERTRAND, and Hélène COHEN. "Absence d'augmentation des récepteurs de la prolactine le jour de l'œstrus dans la glande mammaire de rat nu IPL." Reproduction Nutrition Développement 26, no. 2B (1986): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19860402.

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42

Sarwar, Ghulam, Robert Blair, Mendel Friedman, Michael R. Gumbmann, Ross L. Hackler, Peter L. Pellett, and Trevor K. Smith. "Comparison of Interlaboratory Variation in Amino Acid Analysis and Rat Growth Assays for Evaluating Protein Quality." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.1.52.

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Abstract Estimates of inter- and intralaboratory variation of protein efficiency ratio (PER), relative PER (RPER), net protein ratio (NPR), relative NPR (RNPR), and nitrogen utilization (NU) were compared with those of amino acid analysis in the same batches of 7 protein sources (ANRC casein, egg white solids, minced beef, soy assay protein, rapeseed protein concentrate, pea flour, and whole wheat flour). Interlaboratory variation (estimated as between-laboratories coefficients of variation, CV) of NPR and RNPR (up to 6.0%) was lower than that of PER (up to 20.2%) and RPER (up to 18.5%). The interlaboratory determination of NPR and RNPR was also more reproducible than that of most essential amino acids (CV up to 10.0%), especially tryptophan (CV up to 23.7%), cystine (CV up to 17.6%), and methionine (CV up to 16.1%). Intralaboratory variation (estimated as within-laboratories CV) of amino acid analysis (up to 4.7%), however, was comparable to that of protein quality indices in most protein sources (up to 6.0%). The significant (P <0.01) positive correlations (r = 0.68-0.74) between amino acid scores and protein quality indices based on rat growth were further improved when amino acid scores were corrected for digestibility of protein (r = 0.73-0.78) or individual amino acids (r = 0.79- 0.82).
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43

Kwon, T., B. Lee, E. Yoo, S. Chung, Y. Park, and B. Kim. "Targeting bladder tumor cells in vivo and in the urine by a peptide identified using phage display." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 10071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10071.

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10071 Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most common tumors of genitourinary tract. Selective delivery of drugs to tumor tissues is important for effective tumor therapy. Here we identified a peptide targeting bladder tumor cells using phage display. Methods: Phage peptide library containing CX7C (C-cysteine and X-any amino acid residue) was based on T7 415–1b phage vector (Novagen). Tumor xenografts were prepared by subcutaneously injecting BALB/c Nu/nu female nude mice with HT-1376 bladder tumor cells. For a carcinogen-induced tumor model, Fischer 344 female rats were supplied ad libitum with tap water containing 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) for 8 weeks. Results: A phage library containing CX7C random peptides was screened for selective binding to cells from human bladder tumor xenografts. Selected phage clones were individually evaluated for binding to cultured bladder tumor cells and for binding to cells from human tumor tissues of six patients. The peptide displayed by the most promising clone was synthesized and designated as Bld-1. Fluorescein-conjugated Bld-1 peptide showed selective binding to frozen sections of human bladder tumor tissues of three patients. In vivo tumor targeting was examined in a carcinogen-induced rat tumor model (n=20). When the fluorescent peptide was introduced into the bladder lumen, it selectively bound to tumor epithelium. Next, when the fluorescent peptide was intravenously injected into the tail vein, it homed to the bladder tumor, but was not detectable in normal bladder and control organs such as lung. Moreover, the fluorescent peptide bound to cells from urinary specimens of tumor patients (n=10), whereas little binding was observed in cells from healthy individuals (n=3). Conclusions: The Bld-1 peptide may be useful for targeting bladder tumor cells in vivo and in the urine. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Disselhorst, Jonathan A., Danny F. Newport, Andreas M. Schmid, Fabian P. Schmidt, Christoph Parl, Chih-Chieh Liu, Bernd J. Pichler, and Julia G. Mannheim. "NEMA NU 4-2008 performance evaluation and MR compatibility tests of an APD-based small animal PET-insert for simultaneous PET/MR imaging." Physics in Medicine & Biology 67, no. 4 (February 16, 2022): 045015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac499d.

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Abstract An avalanche photodiode (APD)-based small animal positron emission tomography (PET)-insert was fully evaluated for its PET performance, as well as potential influences on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance. This PET-insert has an extended axial field of view (FOV) compared with the previous design to increase system sensitivity, as well as an updated cooling and temperature regulation to enable stable and reproducible PET acquisitions. The PET performance was evaluated according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU4-2008 protocol. The energy and timing resolution’s full width at half maximum were 16.1% and 4.7 ns, respectively. The reconstructed radial spatial resolution of the PET-insert was 1.8 mm full width at half maximum at the center FOV using filtered back projection for reconstruction and sensitivity was 3.68%. The peak noise equivalent count rates were 70 kcps for a rat-like and 350 kcps for a mouse-like phantom, respectively. Image quality phantom values and contrast recovery were comparable to state-of-the art PET-inserts and standalone systems. Regarding MR compatibility, changes in the mean signal-to-noise ratio for turbo spin echo and echo-planar imaging sequences were below 8.6%, for gradient echo sequences below 1%. Degradation of the mean homogeneity was below 2.3% for all tested sequences. The influence of the PET-insert on the B 0 maps was negligible and no influence on functional MRI sequences was detected. A mouse and rat imaging study demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo simultaneous PET/MRI.
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Mosquera-Sulbarán, Jesús, Adriana Pedreáñez, Yenddy Carrero, and Catherina Peña. "Nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the rat central nervous system." Investigación Clínica 64, no. 4 (November 22, 2023): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54817/ic.v64n4a07.

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The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a transmembrane protein involved in the induction of inflammatory processes and oxidative stress after interacting with its ligands on the cell surface. Lo-calization on the cell surface is necessary for interaction with the ligands. This study aimed to determine the expression of RAGE in different parts of the nor-mal rat brain and cerebellum using the immunofluorescence technique. Sev-eralcerebral cortex layers (molecular/granular layers: M/GL; pyramidal layer: PL) and the hypothalamus were analyzed, as well as the molecular layer (CML) and the granular layer (CGL) of the cerebellum. Cells with RAGE-positive nu-clei were generally observed in the brain’s cerebral cortex and cerebellum. In the M/GL, cells with different degrees of positivity in the nucleus and cyto-plasm accompanied by RAGE-positive material in the adjacent extracellular space were observed, and RAGE-positive material in the neuropile. Pyramidal neurons presenting various degrees of nuclear RAGE-positive material budding and cells with different degrees of nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity were ob-served in PL. The hypothalamus showed a high number of cells with RAGE-positive granules adjacent to the nucleus and in the cytoplasm; nuclei remained negative. Many positive nuclei were observed in CML; they were scarce in CGL. These data suggest the storage of RAGE at the nuclear and cytoplasmic levels in healthy rats and hypothesize the possible translocation of this molecule to the cell surface in pathological conditions.
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46

Medlock, E. S., I. Goldschneider, D. L. Greiner, and L. Shultz. "Defective lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow of motheaten (me/me) and viable motheaten (mev/mev) mutant mice. II. Description of a microenvironmental defect for the generation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-positive bone marrow cells in vitro." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 11 (June 1, 1987): 3590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.11.3590.

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Abstract We have presented evidence in a previous paper that the development of prothymocytes, pre-B cells, and TdT+ lymphoid precursor cells in the bone marrow of motheaten (me/me) and viable motheaten (mev/mev) mice is defective. In the present study, we have used a selective culture system that supports the generation of rat- and mouse-origin TdT+ bone marrow lymphoid cells in vitro to further investigate the early stages of lymphopoiesis in me/me and mev/mev mice. The results demonstrate that bone marrow stromal cell feeder layers derived from me/me and mev/mev mice do not support the growth of rat TdT+ cells in vitro, whereas stromal cell feeder layers from heterozygous (+/-) littermates and wild type (+/+) control mice do. Moreover, composite feeder layers formed by mixing as few as one part me/me and mev/mev bone marrow cells with 7 to 9 parts +/- littermate bone marrow cells also fail to effectively support the generation of TdT+ cells in vitro. In contrast to me/me and mev/mev mice, other mutant mouse models of autoimmune (NZB, NZB/W), immunodeficient (nu/nu), and hemopoietic (W/Wv, Sl/Sld) disorders form feeder layers that support normal to elevated levels of TdT+ cell growth in vitro. Thus, to date, only the me/me and mev/mev mutant mice have been found to lack the appropriate microenvironment for the generation of TdT+ bone marrow cells. Histologic analysis of the stromal cell feeder layers that are formed in our culture system shows that multilayered cellular patches, which normally are the most active sites of TdT+ cell development in vitro, are absent in feeder layers of me/me and mev/mev cells. Moreover, feeder layers from mev/mev mice contain a population of MAC 1+, basophilic, nonvacuolated, macrophage-like cells; whereas feeder layers from control mice contain MAC 1+, eosinophilic, vacuolated macrophage-like cells. Stromal cell feeder layers formed by mixtures of me/me or mev/mev and control mouse bone marrow cells contain numerous multilayered cellular patches and vacuolated mononuclear cells, but also contain large numbers of basophilic mononuclear cells. These composite feeder layers have a disproportionately reduced capacity to support the generation of TdT+ cells in vitro. Although the stromal microenvironment of me/me and mev/mev bone marrow does not support the growth of TdT+ cells in vivo or in vitro, the bone marrow from these mutant mice contains detectable numbers of pre-TdT+ cells. Thus, when cultured on normal mouse feeder layers, mutant mouse bone marrow rapidly generates TdT+ cells in vitro, albeit at significantly reduced levels as compared to +/- littermate controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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47

Mulyati, Mulyati, Susy Wijayanti, Annisa Nur Islahi, Anindyanari Rahma Sriyekti Saraswati, Ashfiya Hanif Hasnadewi, and Safira Ratri Dwi Setyasari. "Metal Bioaccumulation in Albino Rat Tissues Treated with Decontaminated Sea Lettuce (<i>Ulva lactuca</i> L.)." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 9, no. 2 (June 3, 2024): 84533. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.84533.

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Ulva lactuca is a macroalgae that contains high nutritional values. The heavy metal contaminants in natural Ulva lactuca needs to be eliminated or decreased using natural agent. The aim of this research was to determine the bioaccumulation of Pb, Cd, Hg, and the impact on liver and gastrointestinal function. Parameters of this research were Hepatosomatic Index (HSI), SGPT levels, SGOT levels, bioaccumulation Pb, Cd, Hg, and histological structure of liver and small intestine. Besides that, the progression of body weight was observed. Twelve female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) were randomly assigned to three groups: Control, NU (treated with natural Ulva lactuca), and DU (treated with heavy metal decontaminated Ulva lactuca using Averrhoa bilimbi juice).Treatment was carried out orally at a dose of 1000 mg/Kg BW/day for 30 days. Histological structure of rat’s liver and small intestine were prepared after necropsy at the end of this research. Based on results, it can be concluded that there were no significant differences observed in HSI, SGPT, and SGOT levels among the groups. However, there was a tendency for an increase in total bilirubin levels in the decontaminated Ulva lactuca group. Both natural and heavy metal decontaminated Ulva lactuca showed histological damage on liver and small intestine. Bioaccumulation of Cd and Hg in the liver and gastrointestinal tract of rats after consuming decontaminated Ulva lactuca was lower than the natural Ulva lactuca group, but need more observations.
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48

Thomas, L., and H. Betz. "Synaptophysin binds to physophilin, a putative synaptic plasma membrane protein." Journal of Cell Biology 111, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): 2041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.111.5.2041.

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We have developed procedures for detecting synaptic vesicle-binding proteins by using glutaraldehyde-fixed or native vesicle fractions as absorbent matrices. Both adsorbents identify a prominent synaptic vesicle-binding protein of 36 kD in rat brain synaptosomes and mouse brain primary cultures. The binding of this protein to synaptic vesicles is competed by synaptophysin, a major integral membrane protein of synaptic vesicles, with half-maximal inhibition seen between 10(-8) and 10(-7) M synaptophysin. Because of its affinity for synaptophysin, we named the 36-kD synaptic vesicle-binding protein physophilin (psi nu sigma alpha, greek = bubble, vesicle; psi iota lambda os, greek = friend). Physophilin exhibits an isoelectric point of approximately 7.8, a Stokes radius of 6.6 nm, and an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 5.6 S, pointing to an oligomeric structure of this protein. It is present in synaptic plasma membranes prepared from synaptosomes but not in synaptic vesicles. In solubilization experiments, physophilin behaves as an integral membrane protein. Thus, a putative synaptic plasma membrane protein exhibits a specific interaction with one of the major membrane proteins of synaptic vesicles. This interaction may play a role in docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic plasma membrane.
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49

Liu, Zhendong, Ruotian Zhang, Xin Chen, Penglei Yao, Tao Yan, Wenwu Liu, Jiawei Yao, Andrei Sokhatskii, Ilgiz Gareev, and Shiguang Zhao. "Identification of hub genes and small-molecule compounds related to intracerebral hemorrhage with bioinformatics analysis." PeerJ 7 (October 25, 2019): e7782. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7782.

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Background Because of the complex mechanisms of injury, conventional surgical treatment and early blood pressure control does not significantly reduce mortality or improve patient prognosis in cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to identify the hub genes associated with intracerebral hemorrhage, to act as therapeutic targets, and to identify potential small-molecule compounds for treating ICH. Methods The GSE24265 dataset, consisting of data from four perihematomal brain tissues and seven contralateral brain tissues, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ICH, with a fold change (FC) value of (|log2FC|) > 2 and a P-value of <0.05 set as cut-offs. The functional annotation of DEGs was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) resources, and the cell signaling pathway analysis of DEGs was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), with a P-value of <0.05 set as the cut-off. We constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to clarify the interrelationships between the different DEGs and to select the hub genes with significant interactions. Next, the DEGs were analyzed using the CMap tool to identify small-molecule compounds with potential therapeutic effects. Finally, we verified the expression levels of the hub genes by RT-qPCR on the rat ICH model. Result A total of 59 up-regulated genes and eight down-regulated genes associated with ICH were identified. The biological functions of DEGs associated with ICH are mainly involved in the inflammatory response, chemokine activity, and immune response. The KEGG analysis identified several pathways significantly associated with ICH, including but not limited to HIF-1, TNF, toll-like receptor, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and chemokine molecules. A PPI network consisting of 57 nodes and 373 edges was constructed using STRING, and 10 hub genes were identified with Cytoscape software. These hub genes are closely related to secondary brain injury induced by ICH. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of ten hub genes was significantly increased in the rat model of ICH. In addition, a CMap analysis of three small-molecule compounds revealed their therapeutic potential. Conclusion In this study we obtained ten hub genes, such as IL6, TLR2, CXCL1, TIMP1, PLAUR, SERPINE1, SELE, CCL4, CCL20, and CD163, which play an important role in the pathology of ICH. At the same time, the ten hub genes obtained through PPI network analysis were verified in the rat model of ICH. In addition, we obtained three small molecule compounds that will have therapeutic effects on ICH, including Hecogenin, Lidocaine, and NU-1025.
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50

Giraldo, Esther, Pablo Bonilla, Mara Mellado, Pablo Garcia-Manau, Carlota Rodo, Ana Alastrue, Eric Lopez, et al. "Transplantation of Human-Fetal-Spinal-Cord-Derived NPCs Primed with a Polyglutamate-Conjugated Rho/Rock Inhibitor in Acute Spinal Cord Injury." Cells 11, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11203304.

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Neural precursor cell (NPC) transplantation represents a promising therapy for treating spinal cord injuries (SCIs); however, despite successful results obtained in preclinical models, the clinical translation of this approach remains challenging due, in part, to the lack of consensus on an optimal cell source for human neuronal cells. Depending on the cell source, additional limitations to NPC-based therapies include high tumorigenic potential, alongside poor graft survival and engraftment into host spinal tissue. We previously demonstrated that NPCs derived from rat fetal spinal cords primed with a polyglutamate (PGA)-conjugated form of the Rho/Rock inhibitor fasudil (PGA-SS-FAS) displayed enhanced neuronal differentiation and graft survival when compared to non-primed NPCs. We now conducted a similar study of human-fetal-spinal-cord-derived NPCs (hfNPCs) from legal gestational interruptions at the late gestational stage, at 19–21.6 weeks. In vitro, expanded hfNPCs retained neural features, multipotency, and self-renewal, which supported the development of a cell banking strategy. Before transplantation, we established a simple procedure to prime hfNPCs by overnight incubation with PGA-SS-FAS (at 50 μM FAS equiv.), which improved neuronal differentiation and overcame neurite-like retraction after lysophosphatidic-acid-induced Rho/Rock activation. The transplantation of primed hfNPCs into immune-deficient mice (NU(NCr)-Foxn1nu) immediately after the eighth thoracic segment compression prompted enhanced migration of grafted cells from the dorsal to the ventral spinal cord, increased preservation of GABAergic inhibitory Lbx1-expressing and glutamatergic excitatory Tlx3-expressing somatosensory interneurons, and elevated the numbers of preserved, c-Fos-expressing, activated neurons surrounding the injury epicenter, all in a low percentage. Overall, the priming procedure using PGA-SS-FAS could represent an alternative methodology to improve the capabilities of the hfNPC lines for a translational approach for acute SCI treatment.
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