Academic literature on the topic 'Rat lung worm'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rat lung worm"
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Archer, C. E., C. C. Appleton, S. Mukaratirwa, and K. J. Hope. "The rat lung-worm Angiostrongylus cantonensis: A first report in South Africa." South African Medical Journal 101, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.4309.
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Yoshikawa, S., S. G. Kayes, S. L. Martin, and J. C. Parker. "Eosinophilia-induced vascular and airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in rat lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 81, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 1279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.3.1279.
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We evaluated the effects of pulmonary infiltration of eosinophils without exogenous activators on airway and vascular hyperresponsiveness to muscarinic challenge in the lungs of rats infected with Toxocara [correction of Toxicara] canis, the canine round worm. Bronchoalveolar lavage of infected lungs produced 4.26 x 10(7) cells with 85% eosinophils, 15% mononuclear cells, and essentially no neutrophils. Eosinophils were present in the air spaces and interstitial spaces surrounding airways and vessels. The smooth muscle thickness increased about fourfold in large airways and vessels, and medium and small vessels were muscularized in infected lungs. In the T. canis-infected lungs, baseline airway resistance increased 288%, total vascular resistance (RT) increased 202%, and capillary filtration coefficient increased 208% compared with uninfected control lungs. Lung compliance was 56% of control. The concentration of acetylcholine that produced 50% of maximal response was 18.4 times greater for airway resistance and 18.7 times greater for RT in uninfected controls than in infected lungs. Isoproterenol (10(-4) M) decreased RT and peak airway pressure by 21% in infected lungs but had no significant effect on controls. We conclude that pulmonary interstitial infiltrates of eosinophils cause airway and vascular remodeling and increase baseline resistances and muscarinic reactivities of airways and vessels in rat lungs infected with T. canis.
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Fan, P. C., H. Lu, and L. H. Lin. "Experimental transfer of Paragonimus westermani from rodents to rodents following subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes." Journal of Helminthology 68, no. 1 (March 1994): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00013444.
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AbstractIn order to investigate the experimental transfer of Paragonimus westermani from rodents to rodents following subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes, 13 rats and 23 mice were inoculated with a total of 115 (1 mature and 114 immature) worms of P. westermani subcutaneously and intraperitoneally. The age of worms before transfer was 25–193 days. The transfer was performed immediately after worm collection from rodents which were killed at various intervals from 4 to 144 days after infection. The location, development and size of worms were recorded. An infection rate of 58% (or 21/36) was demonstrated in rodents after experimental transfer of P. westermani by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. Twenty-seven worms were recovered, giving a worm recovery rate of 23.5%. The rate was significantly higher by the subcutaneous route (34.8%) than by the intraperitoneal route (20.7%) but no difference was found between mice (23.9%) and rats (23.0%). The sizes of worms in the abdominal cavity, pleural cavity and thoracic muscles of mice, and in the leg muscles of rats were much less than in the pleural cavity and lung cysts of rats. A mature worm (7×5 mm) and numerous eggs were found in the uterus and pleural cavity of one rat. It is evidence that these rodents are unfavourable definitive hosts of P. westermani, because the worm size, infectivity, maturation and egg production are usually very low. However, the worms are usually widely distributed in their rodent hosts and remain small in size for a long period. Therefore, these rodents are good paratenic hosts for P. westermani and can play an important role in infecting cats and dogs with P. westermani in the laboratory.
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Blagojević, Miloš, Ivana Božičković, Gordana Ušćebrka, Olivera Lozanče, Milena Đorđević, Zoran Zorić, and Ivana Nešić. "Anatomical and histological characteristics of the lungs in the ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus)." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 66, no. 2 (June 2018): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2018.016.
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The aim of this work was to study the topography, morphology, vascularisation, histology and innervation of the lungs in the ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) and compare these data with those concerning the rat, mole rat, rabbit and mouse. The research was carried out on 15 animals. It was revealed that the right lung has four lobes (cranial, middle, caudal and accessory lobes), while the left lung is not divided into segments. The functional vessels are a. pulmonalis dextra et sinistra and vv. pulmonales (5–6), while the nutritive vessels of the lungs are a. bronchoesophagea dextra and v. bronchoesophagea dextra. Histological tissue sections of the lungs revealed that the wall of terminal bronchioles contains no cartilage and the mucosal epithelium is pseudostratified, cubic and ciliated. Clara cells (club cells, bronchiolar exocrine cells) are present but have no cilia. The lung alveolar diameter is 37 μm on average, and the thickness of the alveolar wall and the interalveolar septa is 1.38 μm. Destruction of the alveolar walls, accumulation of erythrocytes in the capillaries of alveolar septa and destruction of the cytolemma of the capillary endothelium were detected. In addition, connective tissue fibres and peripheral nerves were detected by silver impregnation.
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Jarvi, Susan, Will Pitt, Antonio Osuna, Margaret Farias, Laura Shiels, Kay Howe, Steven Jacquier, et al. "Efficacy of a vaccine for Angiostrongylus costaricensis against rat lungworm disease caused by A. cantonensis in wild Hawaiian Rats (Rattus rattus) (VAC7P.978)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2014): 141.23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.141.23.
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Abstract The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a rat lungworm, a zoonotic pathogen which causes a global, emerging infectious disease known as rat lungworm disease (RLWD). RLWD has been reported in 30 countries, and Hawaii is the epicenter for RLWD in the United States. We conducted a study in wild Hawaiian rats (Rattus rattus) to determine the efficacy of a vaccine developed against a related species (A. costaricensis). Twenty-eight wild adult rats were captured from Waiakea Forest Reserve on the Island of Hawaii. Rats were mated and 41 F1 offspring were vaccinated with two doses of PP2A vaccine, a serine/threonine phosphatase 2A recombinant peptide (4 µg vaccine and 4 µg adjuvant/25 g body weight) at >3 mos. of age. Rats were gavaged with 50 L3 stage larvae at four weeks post-vaccination. Rats were euthanized and necropsies conducted at 51-53 days PI. Spleen weight, spleen length, and lung weight were recorded and number of worms in heart and lungs counted. Adult worms were found in all F1 rats. An average of 20.88 worms/rat reached adulthood with an infective dose of 50 L3 stage larvae. We found no significant differences between vaccinated rats (n=21) and unvaccinated rats (n=20) in spleen weight (p=0.963), spleen length (p=0.830), lung weight (p=0.830) or number of worms collected from the heart and lungs (p=0.882), suggesting the vaccine does not provide adequate protective immunity to guard against infection by A. cantonensis in wild Hawaiian rats.
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Silveira, Ana C., Luís Rato, Pedro Fontes Oliveira, Marco G. Alves, and Branca M. Silva. "White Tea Intake Abrogates Markers of Streptozotocin-Induced Prediabetes Oxidative Stress in Rat Lungs’." Molecules 26, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 3894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133894.
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Prediabetes (PrDM) is a prodromal stage of diabetes mellitus (DM) with an increasing prevalence worldwide. During DM progression, individuals gradually develop complications in various organs. However, lungs are suggested to be affected later than other organs, such as the eyes, heart or brain. In this work, we studied the effects of PrDM on male Wistar rats’ lungs and whether the regular consumption of white tea (WTEA) for 2 months contributes to the improvement of the antioxidant profile of this tissue, namely through improved activity of the first line defense antioxidant enzymes, the total antioxidant capacity and the damages caused in proteins, lipids and histone H2A. Our data shows that PrDM induced a decrease in lung superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and histone H2A levels and an increase in protein nitration and lipid peroxidation. Remarkably, the regular WTEA intake improved lung antioxidant enzymes activity and total antioxidant capacity and re-established the values of protein nitration, lipid peroxidation and histone H2A. Overall, this is the first time that lung is reported as a major target for PrDM. Moreover, it is also the first report showing that WTEA possesses relevant chemical properties against PrDM-induced lung dysfunction.
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Christofidou-Solomidou, Melpo, Giuseppe G. Pietra, Charalambos C. Solomides, Evgenia Arguiris, David Harshaw, Garret A. Fitzgerald, Steven M. Albelda, and Vladimir R. Muzykantov. "Immunotargeting of glucose oxidase to endothelium in vivo causes oxidative vascular injury in the lungs." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 278, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): L794—L805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2000.278.4.l794.
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Vascular immunotargeting is a novel approach for site-selective drug delivery to endothelium. To validate the strategy, we conjugated glucose oxidase (GOX) via streptavidin with antibodies to the endothelial cell surface antigen platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM). Previous work documented that 1) anti-PECAM-streptavidin carrier accumulates in the lungs after intravenous injection in animals and 2) anti-PECAM-GOX binds to, enters, and kills endothelium via intracellular H2O2 generation in cell culture. In the present work, we studied the targeting and effect of anti-PECAM-GOX in animals. Anti-PECAM-GOX, but not IgG-GOX, accumulated in the isolated rat lungs, produced H2O2, and caused endothelial injury manifested by a fourfold elevation of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the perfusate. In intact mice, anti-PECAM-GOX accumulated in the lungs (27 ± 9 vs. 2.4 ± 0.3% injected dose/g for IgG-GOX) and caused severe lung injury and 95% lethality within hours after intravenous injection. Endothelial disruption and blebbing, elevated lung wet-to-dry ratio, and interstitial and alveolar edema indicated that anti-PECAM-GOX damaged pulmonary endothelium. The vascular injury in the lungs was associated with positive immunostaining for iPF2α-III isoprostane, a marker for oxidative stress. In contrast, IgG-GOX caused a minor lung injury and little (5%) lethality. Anti-PECAM conjugated with inert proteins induced no death or lung injury. None of the conjugates caused major injury to other internal organs. These results indicate that an immunotargeting strategy can deliver an active enzyme to selected target cells in intact animals. Anti-PECAM-GOX provides a novel model of oxidative injury to the pulmonary endothelium in vivo.
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Tchepichev, S., J. Ueda, C. Canessa, B. C. Rossier, and H. O'Brodovich. "Lung epithelial Na channel subunits are differentially regulated during development and by steroids." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 269, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): C805—C812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.3.c805.
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Because the alpha-subunit of the rat lung epithelial Na channel (rENaC) is not expressed until late fetal gestation, the developmental immaturity of alpha-rENaC may be involved in the premature fetal lung's inability to mount a Na-absorptive response to appropriate agonists. As previous work has shown that the beta- and gamma-rENaC subunits of the Na channel are required for maximal alpha-rENaC activity, we determined their developmental expression in the fetal lung. In addition, because thyroid and corticosteroid therapy can mature the in vivo fetal lamb lung's ability to transport Na, we wished to determine whether such treatment increased the expression of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-rENaC. Lungs were harvested from normal rat fetuses of 17 through 22 days gestation (term = 22 days), normal rat pups during the first week of life, and adult rats. Initial expression of alpha-rENaC was detected at 19 days gestation and progressively increased in utero. beta- and gamma-rENaC mRNA were not detected until 21 and 22 days gestation, and then only at very low levels. During the first week after birth, the levels of alpha-rENaC declined, whereas beta- and gamma-rENaC mRNA levels increased. This pre- and postnatal pattern of alpha-rENaC expression correlates with the endogenous glucocorticosteroid levels in the fetus and the rat pup's early postnatal corticosteroid resistance. Combined or separate treatment of pregnant rats (16 through 22 days gestational age) with thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) and/or dexamethasone (Dex) for 48 h showed that Dex, but not TRH, could increase fetal lung alpha-rENaC mRNA levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Rogers, R. A., J. M. Antonini, J. Lai, B. A. Ekstein, E. H. Oldmixon, B. S. Ducatman, and J. D. Brain. "3-D imaging of respirable size asbestos fibers in rat and human lung tissue." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 1018–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100141469.
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Pulmonary exposure to natural and artificial fibers can result in serious health impacts to many segments of the occupational work force in the U.S. and worldwide. The toxicological response of a fiber on the respiratory tract depends upon the site at which the fiber makes initial contact, through which it migrates, where it deposits, and the route through which it is cleared. Persistence of fibers in lung tissue influences the severity of lung disease. The pulmonary deposition and clearance of inhaled fibers is a major determinant in understanding the health outcome of environmental and occupational exposures to these materials. Current microscopic methods of fiber analysis result in disruption of fiber orientation relative to lung structures and may influence our understanding of fiber toxicity within lungs.The purpose of this study was to examine the in situ pulmonary fate of respirable fibers in lungs using simultaneous nonspecific fluorescent tissue staining and reflected light confocal microscopy. Serial optical sections were recorded using a Sarastro 2000 confocal laser scanning microscope (Molecular Dynamics, Inc.) optimized for reflected light imaging.
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Wang, Hai-Tao, Yi-Qun Fang, Pu Yu, Xiao-Chen Bao, Kai-Cheng Li, Jian Yao, Ci Li, and Heng-Rong Yuan. "PDTC ameliorates decompression induced-lung injury caused by unsafe fast buoyancy ascent escape via inhibition of NF-κB pathway." Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine 45, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22462/05.06.2018.10.
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Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is the critical transcriptional factor in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). NF-κB regulates the expression changes of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In a previous study we showed that decompression sickness (DCS) caused by simulated unsafe fast buoyancy ascent escape (FBAE) could result in ALI, which was characterized by expression changes of inflammatory factors in rat lung tissue. The purpose of the present work was to study the roles of NF-κB and TNF-α in the process of DCS-induced rat lung injury caused by simulated unsafe FBAE. The research methods aimed to detect the rat lung tissue messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein level variations of NF-κB, inhibitory κB (IκB), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 by using pretreatment of the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and TNF-α antibody (Ab). Our experimental results demonstrated that PDTC could improve the survival rate of the rats with DCS caused by unsafe FBAE more effectively than TNF-α Ab. However, the inhibition of TNF-α Ab on the nuclear translocated protein expression of NF-κB was more effective than PDTC. Both PDTC and TNF-α Ab can abrogate the increment of the rat lung tissue mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and protein levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β effectively and increase the rat lung tissue content of IκB significantly. In conclusion, TNF-α-mediated NF-κB signaling may be one of the critical signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of DCS-induced rat lung injury caused by simulated unsafe FBAE. PDTC may ameliorate this type of injury partly through inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rat lung worm"
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Lunn, Julian Alexander. "Canine Neural Angiostrongyliasis." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2077.
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Master of Veterinary Clinical StudiesSummary Canine Neural Angiostrongyliasis (CNA) is caused by the obligatory neural migration of Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae in dogs. Characteristically, cases are juvenile dogs with progressive CNS dysfunction characterised by hyperaesthesia and often associated with eosinophilic pleocytosis of the CSF. In Australia, most cases occur between March and June. The rat lungworm, A cantonensis was first described by Chen in 1935 in Canton, China. While initially called Pulmonema cantonensis the parasite was later reclassified as A cantonensis. A disease diagnosed as eosinophilic meningoencephalitis was first described in 1944 in Taiwan. The same disease was reported in 1948 in the East Caroline Islands but it was not until 1961 that A cantonensis was confirmed as the aetiological agent when a patient in a Hawaiian mental institution, who had died of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, had A cantonensis larvae recovered from the brain and spinal cord. The first reports of animals infected with A cantonensis were made by Mason in 1976 when he described a syndrome occurring in puppies in the Brisbane area, characterised by urinary incontinence, hind limb paresis and hyperaesthesia, often associated with eosinophilic pleocytosis of the CSF. Reports of infection in other species followed including macropods, bats, horses, primates and birds. Twenty-two cases of suspected CNA were collected prospectively to compare with those previously described, including 37 cases published by Mason in 1983, and to examine the accuracy of an ELISA used to diagnose human neural angiostrongyliasis in Australia. Samples were collected from two control populations in an attempt to validate the ELISA results. In the prospective series of cases, there was a significantly older subpopulation of dogs in addition to “classical” young dogs, suggesting that this syndrome can occur at any age and should be considered a differential in any dog with progressive neurological disease. The mortality rate in the prospective group was lower than in the published group, which is a reflection of the severity of the disease in younger animals as is the case with human patients. Definitive diagnosis of neural angiostrongyliasis in human patients has been achieved by identifying A cantonensis larvae within the CSF or aqueous humour. In dogs, the only definitive way to diagnose CNA has been via necropsy. While many cases of CNA are characteristic and presumptive diagnosis can be made based on typical history, signalment, clinical signs, CSF analysis and response to glucocorticoids, there appear to be an increasing number of cases occurring in older dogs, that displaying focal, atypical clinical signs or that develop permanent sequelae. Serology has been a useful tool in diagnosing neural angiostrongyliasis in humans. In its current form the ELISA is not sensitive or specific enough to allow a definitive diagnosis of CNA to be made using serum but is useful when applied to CSF specimens. Further refinement of the antigen or using monoclonal rather than polyclonal antibodies may improve the accuracy of the serology. Alternatively, methods such as Western Blot, Immuno-PCR or dot-blot ELISA, which have been successfully used to diagnoses angiostrongyliasis in humans, may be worthy of investigation The major differential diagnosis for CNA is neosporosis. Other differential diagnoses include idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, parasitic infections including Toxoplasma gondii, Taenia solium, Gnathostoma spinigerum, visceral larval migrans (Toxocara canis) and schistosomiasis, fungal, bacterial, viral and rickettsial infections as well as neoplasia, trauma, drug reactions and toxicities. Treatment of CNA has been limited to glucocorticoids, however there may be adjunct therapies including anthelmintices, cyclosporine, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. In Mason’s series of cases the use of anthelmintics significantly worsened the clinical outcome for patients. It does not appear, however, that the use of these agents in species other than the dog exacerbates clinical signs. Acquired immunity is short lived in rats and mice, which would suggest the same is true in dogs. Routine heartworm and intestinal parasite prophylaxis appears to have no influence on the occurrence of CNA.
Books on the topic "Rat lung worm"
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Mueller, Christian. Acute dyspnoea in the emergency department. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0009_update_001.
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Acute dyspnoea is a very common symptom in the acute cardiac care setting. In contrast to current beliefs, acute dyspnoea, as the leading symptom in the emergency department, is associated with about twice the mortality risk, compared to acute chest pain. Rapid and accurate identification of the cause of dyspnoea is critical to the initiation of specific and effective treatment. In most patients, a rapid and accurate diagnosis in the emergency department can be achieved by a combination of vital signs, including pulse oximetry, detailed patient history, physical examination, blood tests (including natriuretic peptides—BNP, NT-proBNP, or MR-proANP), venous blood gases, and C-reactive protein in all patients, and D-dimers in selected patients, electrocardiograms, chest X-ray, and more recently also lung ultrasound. It is key to remember that the prevalence of acute heart failure in unselected patients with acute dyspnoea is about 50%. Therefore, a high awareness for the presence of acute heart failure is mandatory. Acute heart failure, pneumonia, obstructive pulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), pulmonary embolism, and anxiety disorders represent more than 90% of all cases with acute dyspnoea in the emergency department. In about 10–15%, two acute causes (e.g. acute heart failure and pneumonia) may be present and require combined treatment. Transthoracic echocardiography should be immediately performed in all patients with acute dyspnoea and shock, and in those patients in whom the diagnosis remains uncertain, even after initial work-up.
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Grant, Warren, and Martin Scott-Brown. Prevention of cancer. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0350.
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In the UK, the four commonest cancers—lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer—result in around 62 000 deaths every year. Although deaths from cancer have fallen in the UK over the last 20 years, the UK still suffers from higher cancer death rates than many other countries in Western Europe. In 1999, the UK government produced a White Paper called Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation that outlined a national target to reduce the death rate from cancer by at least 20% in people under 75 by 2010. The subsequent NHS Cancer Plan of 2000 designed a framework by which to achieve this target through effective prevention, screening, and treatment programmes as well as restructuring and developing new diagnostic and treatment facilities. But do we know enough about the biology of the development of cancer for government health policies alone to force dramatic changes in survival? The science behind the causes of cancer tells us that its origin lies in acquired or inherited genetic abnormalities. Inherited gene mutation syndromes and exposure to environmental mutagens cause cancer, largely through abnormalities in DNA repair mechanisms, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Although screening those thought to be at highest risk, and regulating exposure to environmental carcinogens such as tobacco or ionizing radiation, have reduced, and will continue to reduce, cancer deaths, there are many other environmental factors that have been shown to increase the population risk of cancer. These will be outlined in this chapter. However, the available evidence is largely from retrospective and cross-sectional population-based studies and therefore limits the ability to apply this knowledge to the risk of the individual patient who may been seen in clinic. Although we may be able to put him or her into a high-, intermediate-, or low-risk category, the question ‘will I get cancer, doc?’ is one that we cannot answer with certainty. The NHS Cancer Plan of 2000, designed to reduce cancer deaths in this country and to bring UK treatment results in line with those other countries in Europe, focuses on preventing malignancy as part of its comprehensive cancer management strategy. It highlights that the rich are less likely to develop cancer, and will survive longer if they are diagnosed than those who live in poverty. This may reflect available treatment options, but is more likely to be related to the lifestyle of those with regular work, as they may be more health aware. The Cancer Plan, however, suggests that relieving poverty may be more labour intensive and less rewarding than encouraging positive risk-reducing behaviour in all members of the population. Eating well can reduce the risk of developing many cancers, particularly of the stomach and bowel. The Cancer Plan outlines the ‘Five-a-Day’ programme which was rolled out in 2002 and encouraged people to eat at least five portions of fruit and vegetables per day. Obese people are also at higher risk of cancers, in particular endometrial cancer. A good diet and regular exercise not only reduce obesity but are also independent risk-reducing factors. Alcohol misuse is thought to be a major risk factor in around 3% of all cancers, with the highest risk for cancers of the mouth and throat. As part of the Cancer Plan, the Department of Health promotes physical activity and general health programmes, as well as alcohol and smoking programmes, particularly in deprived areas. Focusing on these healthy lifestyle points can potentially reduce an individual lifetime risk of all cancers. However, our knowledge of the biology of four cancers in particular has led to the development of specific life-saving interventions. Outlined in this chapter are details regarding ongoing prevention strategies for carcinomas of the lung, the breast, the bowel, and the cervix.
Book chapters on the topic "Rat lung worm"
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X. Li, Andrew, and Justin D. Blasberg. "Robotic Surgery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer." In Lung Cancer - Modern Multidisciplinary Management. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95816.
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Pulmonary resection has been a cornerstone in the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for decades. In recent years, the popularity of minimally-invasive techniques as the primary method to manage NSCLC has grown significantly. With smaller incisions and a lower incidence of peri-operative complications, minimally-invasive lung resection, accomplished through keyhole incisions with miniaturized cameras and similarly small instruments that work through surgical ports, has been shown to retain equivalent oncologic outcomes to the traditional gold standard open thoracotomy. This technique allows for the safe performance of anatomic lung resection with complete lymphadenectomy and has been a part of thoracic surgery practice for three decades. Robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) represents another major advancement for lung resection, broadening the opportunity for patients to undergo minimally invasive surgery for NSCLC, and therefore allowing a greater percentage of the lung cancer population to benefit from many of the advantages previously demonstrated from video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) techniques. RATS surgery is also associated with several technical advantages to the surgeon. For a surgeon who performs open procedures and is looking to adopt a minimally invasive approach, RATS ergonomics are a natural transition compared to VATS, particularly given the multiple degrees of freedom associated with robotic articulating instruments. As a result, this platform has been adopted as a primary approach in numerous institutions across the United States. In this chapter, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of robotic-assisted surgery for NSCLC and discuss the implications for increased adoption of minimally invasive surgery in the future of lung cancer treatment.
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Mitchell, Graham. "Respiration." In How Giraffes Work, 261–91. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571194.003.0012.
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This chapter discusses the respiratory system of giraffes. The respiratory system supplies oxygen, removes of carbon dioxide and produces the airflow needed to make sounds. Giraffes do not have the velocity of airflow through the airways to vibrate vocal cords sufficiently to generate sounds able to be heard by humans but can produce sounds able to be heard by giraffes. Air reaches alveoli for gas exchange through a long trachea, which is relatively narrow (~4 cm in diameter). Dead space volume is large. A short trunk and rigid chest wall reduce the capacity of the thorax and consequently lung volume is small. Respiratory rate is low (~10 min-1), but tidal volume is relatively big, and alveolar ventilation rate (VA; ~60 L min-1) delivers sufficient air despite the large dead space volume. Laryngeal muscles act to prevent food from entering the trachea a process controlled by the (short) superior and (long) inferior (recurrent) laryngeal nerves. Air that has been delivered to alveoli comes into contact with pulmonary artery blood (=cardiac output, Q; ~40 L min-1). The VA: Q ratio is ~1.5 (cf 0.8 in humans). Gas exchange occurs by diffusion. The surface area for diffusion is related to the number of alveoli which increase in number during growth from ~1 billion in a newborn giraffe to 11 billion in an adult. Gas carriage of oxygen and carbon dioxide is a function of erythrocytes which are small (MCV = 12 fL) but numerous (12 × 1012 L-1) and each liter of blood contains ~150 g of hemoglobin.
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Silvia Valente Barbas, Carmen, and Sergio Nogueira Nemer. "Advanced Modes of Mechanical Ventilation." In Mechanical Ventilation. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100283.
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Advanced modes of mechanical ventilation emerged from the need for better control of the ventilator by the patient, the possibility of respiratory mechanics and respiratory drive monitoring in assisted modes and a better patient-ventilator synchrony. Volume-assured pressure support ventilation (VAPSV) has the advantage of the variable of flow pressure support ventilation (PSV) assuring tidal volume in each respiratory cycle. Proportional assist ventilation plus (PAV+) delivers assistance in proportion of inspiratory efforts while monitoring work of breathing, respiratory compliance, resistance and auto-PEEP, improving patient-ventilator asynchrony. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist ventilation (NAVA) provides diaphragmatic electroactivity information and a better inspiratory and expiratory patient-ventilator synchrony. Adaptative support ventilation (ASV) assures a pre-set minute ventilation adjusting Pressure Support according to respiratory rate. Intellivent-ASV adds SpO2 and PETCO2 monitoring to adjust minute ventilation and PEEP/FIO2 according to lung pathology. Smart-Care ventilation provides an algorithm that decreases PSV according to patients tidal volume, respiratory rate and ETCO2 according to lung pathology and performs a spontaneous breathing trial indicating the redness for extubation. Clinical indications of advanced modes are to improve patient-ventilator synchrony and provide better respiratory monitoring in the assisted modes of mechanical ventilation.
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N., Sasikaladevi, and Revathi A. "Robust Diagnostic System for COVID-19 Based on Chest Radiology Images." In Applications of Computational Science in Artificial Intelligence, 44–59. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9012-6.ch003.
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The proposed system is based on a diagnosis of COVID from x-ray images. In the respiratory system, 17 different viral infections are possible. Accurately discriminating COVID from other viral infections is necessary today as it spreads rapidly. The proposed system differentiates COVID infection accurately from other viral infections. The convolutional neural network (CNN) provides superior performance for disease diagnosis based on images in the deep learning era. In this chapter, to solve this issue, the authors propose a hypergraph-based convolutional neural network-based fast and accurate diagnosis system for COVID. In this work, the hypergraph represents the sophisticated features of a lung x-ray image to diagnose COVID. In-depth features are extracted from the x-ray images using residual neural networks. In order to discriminate COVID viral infection from other viral infections, the hypergraph fusion approach is used.
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Voors, Adriaan A., and Piotr Ponikowski. "Acute heart failure: diagnosis." In ESC CardioMed, 1911–17. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0439.
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Acute heart failure is a life-threatening medical condition typically leading to urgent hospital admission. Early diagnosis is of great importance, since it will lead to earlier and better targeted treatment, leading to a decrease in length of hospital stay, and most importantly to improved clinical outcome. The initial diagnostic work-up includes a clinical history, evaluation of symptoms and signs, an electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, natriuretic peptide levels, echocardiography and perhaps lung ultrasound. After the initial work-up, a clinical classification according to blood pressure, congestion, and peripheral perfusion should be performed, since it will guide treatment. During the diagnostic work-up, treatable and life-threatening conditions always need to be considered since they need immediate and case-specific treatment.
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"Anita, a 4-Month-Old Girl with Respiratory Distress." In Pediatric Hospital Medicine: A Case-Based Educational Guide, 15–28. American Academy of PediatricsItasca, IL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610025935-case2.
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CASE PRESENTATION You are called to the emergency department (ED) to examine Anita, a 4-month-old girl, who presented 1 hour ago with increased work of breathing. You have been told by the ED physician that on arrival, Anita was noted to have subcostal retractions and a respiratory rate between 70 and 79 breaths/min. She was found to have crackles and wheezes on auscultation of her lungs and was given 5 mg of albuterol through a nebulizer without significant improvement. The ED physician is concerned that Anita will need further respiratory support because she continues to have significantly increased work of breathing, and, thus, she asks you to evaluate Anita for admission to the inpatient unit.
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Bansal, Shrikrishn, and Rajbir Kaur. "IoT-Based Health Risk Prediction by Collecting and Analyzing HIIT Data in Real Time Using Edge Computing." In Convergence of Big Data Technologies and Computational Intelligent Techniques, 166–85. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5264-6.ch008.
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Increased awareness of the benefits of physical exercise has motivated people to improve physical fitness by doing high-intensity interval training (HIIT). HIIT (where one needs to work at 70-85% of one's maximum heart rate) and forceful exercise sessions can lead to health risks such as cardiac arrest, heat strokes, or lung diseases because people are unaware of their body health and endurance status. It is essential that the health parameters of people who exercise outside controlled environments like the gym be acquired and analyzed during workout sessions. This chapter aims to design an IoT-based timely warning system based on edge computing responsible for identifying unusual patterns in the monitored health parameters and alerting the person involved in an exercise about any deviation from expected behavior. The authors collect real-time data from individuals during the exercise sessions. The data analysis provides an assessment of the health parameters and predicts any health risks during the HIIT session.
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Armstrong, Christopher, and Alasdair Gray. "Ventilatory support." In Oxford Textbook of Heart Failure, edited by Andrew L. Clark, Roy S. Gardner, and Theresa A. McDonagh, 579–86. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766223.003.0046.
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Heart failure is a leading cause of hospitalization across the world, accounting for around 2% of health expenditure in western countries. Acute pulmonary oedema, caused by decompensated heart failure, is a common emergency presentation. This accumulation of interstitial fluid, caused by increasing pulmonary capillary pressure secondary to increased left atrial pressure, causes increased work of breathing and decreased oxygenation and ventilation, so further worsening cardiac function. In those patients with acute respiratory distress or failure, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) (continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or biphasic positive airway pressure (BiPAP)) improves lung compliance, tidal volumes, and gas exchange, and decreases work of breathing. It also decreases cardiac preload and afterload, including transmural pressure so improving cardiac output in the failing heart. It can be delivered through a variety of patient interfaces according to patient preference and has been shown to be safe and viable both in the pre-hospital setting and in emergency departments and intensive care units. CPAP has been shown to reduce dyspnoea and improve clinical parameters such as respiratory rate and oxygen saturations and may reduce the need for intubation and mortality. NIV should be employed in the setting of acute heart failure with pulmonary oedema as part of a clinical pathway incorporating pharmacological therapies and a multidisciplinary team.
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Michou, Eleni, Nikola Kozhuharov, Jasmin Martin, and Christian Mueller. "Acute dyspnoea in the emergency department." In The ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care, edited by Marco Tubaro, Pascal Vranckx, Eric Bonnefoy-Cudraz, Susanna Price, and Christiaan Vrints, 103–12. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849346.003.0011.
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Acute dyspnoea is a very common symptom in the acute cardiac care setting. In contrast to current beliefs, acute dyspnoea, as the leading symptom, is associated with about twice the mortality risk, compared to acute chest pain. Rapid and accurate identification of the cause of dyspnoea is critical to the initiation of specific and effective treatment. In most patients, a rapid and accurate diagnosis in the emergency department can be achieved by a combination of vital signs, including pulse oximetry, detailed patient history, physical examination, blood tests including B-type natriuretic peptide or N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide, venous blood gases, and C-reactive protein in all patients, and D-dimers in selected patients, electrocardiograms, chest X-ray and pleural and/or lung ultrasound. It is key to remember that the prevalence of acute heart failure in unselected patients with acute dyspnoea is about 50%. Therefore, a high awareness for the presence of acute heart failure is mandatory. Acute heart failure, pneumonia, obstructive pulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), pulmonary embolism, and anxiety disorders represent more than 90% of all cases with acute dyspnoea in the emergency department. In about 10-15%, two acute causes (e.g. acute heart failure and pneumonia) may be present and require combined treatment. Transthoracic echocardiography should be immediately performed in all patients with acute dyspnoea and shock, and in those patients in whom the diagnosis remains uncertain, even after initial work-up
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Li, Jie Jack. "Cancer Drugs: From Nitrogen Mustards to Gleevec." In Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195300994.003.0006.
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Whereas infectious diseases are the scourge of developing countries, cancer is the most significant affliction in developed countries. At the beginning of 2005, the American Cancer Society announced that, for the first time, cancer had surpassed heart disease as the number one killer of Americans. Cancer, which is the uncontrollable multiplication of cells, has been in existence as long as animals have; evidence of cancers has been found in dinosaur bones. Cancers have also been found on mummies dating back 2,500 years. An operation to remove cancer was documented in the Ebers papyrus found in Egypt. In ancient times cancer was a relatively rare disease, because infectious diseases often made the life span so short that cancer had little chance to proliferate. Hippocrates (460–370 B.C.) coined the word cancer, which means “crab” in Greek. There are over 110 types of cancer, which can be divided into four categories depending on the tissue involved: carcinoma, lymphoma, leukemia, and sarcoma. Carcinomas are the most common, with 85–90% of all cancers falling into this category. Carcinomas are tumors that originate in epithelial tissue such as skin, breast, lung, prostate, stomach, colon, ovary, and so forth. Lymphomas are cancers of the lymphatic system. Leukemia is the cancer of the blood, bone marrow, and liver. Sarcomas, the rarest of all four types, are tumors arising from cells in connective tissue, bone, or muscle. It seems inconceivable that we had almost no clue about the origin of cancers up until the mid-1970s, despite the existence of cancer that predates human life. The debate raged on as to what caused cancer, with one camp believing that carcinogens (cancer-causing agents such as chemicals, X-ray, and ultraviolet light) were to blame, whereas the other thought that viruses were the culprits. The carcinogen theory took root first. As early as 1775, British doctor Percival Pott made the astute epidemiological observation that young English boys employed as chimney sweeps were more prone to develop scrotal skin cancers than their French counterparts. Further scrutiny revealed that the continental sweeps bathed more frequently after work, which prompted Pott to speculate that long exposure to coal tar caused skin cancer. In 1915, 140 years later, Katsusaburo Yamagiwa and Koichi Ichikawa confirmed Pott’s theory in an animal model.
Conference papers on the topic "Rat lung worm"
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Reddy, P., and A. M. Al-Jumaily. "Quantifying the Effect of Pressure Oscillations on the Respiratory System: An Engineering Approach." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-16241.
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The use of respiratory support devices using pressure oscillations has been shown to improve alveolar recruitment in animals and provide clinical benefits over traditional ventilators to infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The interactions and mechanisms of human lungs with such "bubble oscillation" (BO) devices is unknown. A simple mathematical model of the respiratory system and a BO type device is developed to explore the use of a new assessment parameter to study the effect of the pressure oscillations on lung performance. A mean square spectral density (MSSD) approach is employed in an attempt to observe the contribution of each pressure oscillation frequency on the work rate of unhealthy lungs. Further improvements to the respiratory system model are suggested for more detailed studies into human lung interactions with BO type devices.
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de Souza Lopes Palagar, Anna Esther, Katrine de Souza Guimarães, Gabriela Motta Vasconcelos, Karla Duarte Barreto Xavier, and Luciano Matos Chicayban. "Elaboration of neonatal and pediatric mechanical lungs." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Biológicas & Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8868113820212404.
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Pediatric patients or newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) receive life support care due to various conditions and pathologies. The physiotherapist controls and applies medicinal gases, institutes and monitors invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, as well as performs weaning, among others. Learning ventilatory management must be appropriate for the age and, therefore, consider different lungs for the proper simulations of compliance and resistance. Although the insertion of physical therapists is relatively recent, there are several postgraduate courses and training in this area. The creation of a mechanical lungthat covers, separately, neonatal and pediatric patients will be a fundamental tool for the learning and training of future professionals who will work in the area. To develop two neonatal and pediatric mechanical lungs, as well as to simulate different elastic and resistive behaviors inherent in clinical practice. Experimental study, bench, divided into two stages: creation of mechanical lungs and evaluation of mechanical characteristics. The lungs will be made on a two-story metallic base: on the upper floor, the pediatric lung and the lower floor, the neonatal. In the second stage, the mechanical lung will be connected to a mechanical ventilator, using its own ventilatory parameters used in both types of patients. For the neonatal, respiratory rate of 35rpm, inspiratory time of 0.45 and endotracheal tube of 3.0 mm. The pediatric lung will be ventilated with a volume between 100-120mL, 20-25 compliance and a 4.5mm orotracheal tube. The construction of the neonatal and pediatric mechanical lung will strongly add the teaching of the Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Physical Therapy specialty in the Undergraduate and Graduate settings, adding value to the teaching and training of professionals.
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Aghabaglou, Fariba, Keely Buesing, Nathan D. Legband, Connor Slagle, Wanchuan Xie, Mark Borden, Craig Kreikemeier-Bower, and Benjamin S. Terry. "Preliminary Investigation of the Mechanics of a Novel Thoracic Cavity Extra Pulmonary Oxygenation Device." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6908.
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) arising from trauma, sepsis, pneumonia or other diseases has been acknowledged to be a major clinical problem in respiratory medicine. Hypoxia and hypercapnia arising from ARDS are life-threating particularly in children and elderly people. The reported mortality rate for ARDS is high. Current methods for treating patients who have limited or no lung function are ineffective or insufficient and present additional risks to the patients. In this research, we have explored new methods of infusing phospholipid-coated oxygen microbubbles (OMBs) to the thoracic cavity in order to oxygenate patients suffering from ARDS and hypoxemia. In our previous work, OMBs have been shown to be effective in treating hypoxia in models of LPS lung injury and lung trauma in rats and rabbits. In this study, we have developed a novel thoracic cavity extrapulmonary oxygenation devices using OMBs and test this device in a benchtop test and in vivo experiment on a large animal (pig) right pneumothorax injury model.
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Arokina, N. K. "Restoration of heart and respiration in rats after cooling to a body temperature of 9-10°C." In VIII Vserossijskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Mediko-fiziologicheskie problemy jekologii cheloveka». Publishing center of Ulyanovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/mpphe.2021-14-16.
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The study was carried out on male Wistar rats anesthetized by urethane. The rats were cooled in water until breathing stopped; after 5 minutes, mechanical ventilation of the lungs was started, which activated the work of the heart. The animals were not removed from the water, the heart rate decreased, the heart stopped at rectal temperature (Tr) 9,6±0,7°, in the esophagus (Te) 11,9±0,6°C. Then the rats were taken out of the water, a saline heating pad (38-40 °C) was applied to the chest area. As a result, the heart temperature increased, the heart rate began to rise; their own respiration appeared at Tp 18,6±0,8° and Te 21,6±0,9°C. It is concluded that the supply of oxygen to the heart and warming contribute to the restoration of its work, and the resumption of its own breathing.
Key words: hypothermia, rat, artificial respiration, heart, respiration.
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Gayzik, F. Scott, Melissa Daly, and Joel Stitzel. "A Method to Discriminate Pulmonary Contusion Severity Through Analysis of Hounsfield Unit Frequency." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176906.
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This study presents a novel approach for the quantification and classification of pulmonary contusion (PC). PC is a common thoracic injury, affecting up to 25% of patients sustaining blunt chest trauma. [1] Contusion volume at the time of hospitalization has been shown to be an independent predictor for the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), with the risk of ARDS increasing sharply with PC in excess of 20% by volume. [1] Despite the frequency of the injury and strong positive correlation between contusion volume and outcome, there are relatively few contusion quantification methods in the current literature. One such study utilized chest x-ray film to score PC according the amount of lung appearing to be damaged. [2] The study concluded that despite the limitations in using chest x-rays, a PC scoring system may be of value in determining the need for ventilator assistance and predicting outcome. A potentially more accurate approach to quantifying the severity of PC is through the use of computed tomography (CT) chest scans. CT is the preferred modality for obtaining volumetric pulmonary contusion data since the complete three-dimensional lung anatomy is captured. In this work a semi-automated approach is used to analyze PC in an isolated model of lung contusion in the rat. [3, 4] The CT-based approach enables the PC to be precisely quantified as the lesion progresses in time. The technique distinguishes the severity of the contusion by analyzing the composition of bands in the Hounsfield Unit (HU) range of lung image masks.
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Santos, Paula. "Intelligent Computational Model for the Classification of Covid-19 with Chest Radiography Compared to other Respiratory Diseases." In 2nd International Conference on Soft Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (SAIM 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111011.
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Lung X-ray images, if processed using statistical and computational methods, can distinguish pneumonia from COVID-19. The present work shows that it is possible to extract lung X-ray characteristics to improve the methods of examining and diagnosing patients with suspected COVID-19, distinguishing them from malaria, dengue, H1N1, tuberculosis, and Streptococcus pneumonia. More precisely, an intelligent computational model was developed to process lung X-ray images and classify whether the image is of a patient with COVID-19. The images were processed and extracted their characteristics. These characteristics were the input data for an unsupervised statistical learning method, PCA, and clustering, which identified specific attributes of X-ray images with Covid-19. The introduction of statistical models allowed a fast algorithm, which used the X-means clustering method associated with the Bayesian Information Criterion (CIB). The developed algorithm efficiently distinguished each pulmonary pathology from X-ray images. The method exhibited excellent sensitivity. The average recognition accuracy of COVID-19 was 0.93 ± 0.051.
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Renzo, Matheus A., Natália Fernandez, André A. Baceti, Natanael Nunes Moura Junior, and André Anjos. "Development of a lung segmentation algorithm for analog imaged chest X-Ray: preliminary results." In Congresso Brasileiro de Inteligência Computacional. SBIC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21528/cbic2021-123.
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Analog X-Ray radiography is still used in many underdeveloped regions around the world. To allow these populations to benefit from advances in automatic computer-aided detection (CAD) systems, X-Ray films must be digitized. Unfortunately, this procedure may introduce artefacts which may severely impair the performance of such systems. This work investigates the impact digitized images may cause to deep neural networks trained for lung (semantic) segmentation on digital x-ray samples. While three public datasets for lung segmentation evaluation exist for digital samples, none are available for digitized data. To this end, a U-Net architecture was trained on publicly available data, and used to predict lung segmentation on a newly annotated set of digitized images. Our results show that the model is capable to effectively identify lung segmentation at digital X-Rays with a high intra-dataset (PR AUC: 0.99) and cross-dataset (PR AUC: 0.99) performances on unseen test data. When challenged against analog imaged films, the performance is substantially degraded (PR AUC: 0.90). Our analysis further suggests that the use of maximum F1 and precision-recall AUC (PR AUC) measures are not informative to identify segmentation problems in images.
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Zarrouk, David, and Moshe Shoham. "Locomotion of One Degree of Freedom Worm Robots." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47239.
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Worm-like robots have been widely designed for applications including maintenance of small pipes and medical procedures in biological vessels such as the lungs, intestines, urethra and blood vessels. The robots must be small, reliable, energy efficient and capable of carrying cargos such as cameras, biosensors, and drugs. Earthworm and inchworm robots have been traditionally designed with three or more cells and clamps and a corresponding number of actuators. The use of multiple actuators complicates the design, makes the system more cumbersome, reduces power efficiency and requires more control for coordination. In the present study, we analyze the worm locomotion, in terms of the distance between the cells and clamping modes, and model it as a cyclic function of the time. That is, the worm locomotion can be represented by a single degree of freedom. Consequently, multi-cells worm-like robots actuated by a single motor were designed. The robots employ a rotating screw-like shaft that mechanically coordinates the sequencing of the cell displacement as well as the clamping modes with no external control for each separate cell. This design allows for significant miniaturization and reduces complexity and cost of the system. Two prototypes of earthworm and inchworm robots for locomotion within 20mm and 70mm wide tubes were manufactured. The robots demonstrated high reliability and strong grip. They can crawl vertically while carrying a payload at a rate of few cm/s for the larger robots and roughly 1cm/s for the smaller ones. Furthermore, the low power consumption enables the robots to crawl wirelessly for hundreds of meters using standard off the shelf batteries.
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Puhteeva, I. V., and M. S. Mikulich. "ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION BY SOLID PARTICLES AND THE OCCURRENCE OF ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-1-233-237.
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In this work, data analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the diagnosed cases of morbidity of the population of the Republic of Belarus with oncological diseases, in particular lung cancer, and the concentration of solid particles in the atmospheric air. It was shown that in the period from 2002 to 2017 in all regions of the Republic of Belarus and in Minsk, a general increase in the number of diagnosed oncological diseases was registered. In the course of calculations, it was found that the highest average annual growth rate in the number of oncological diseases, which amounted to 3.35%, was noted in Minsk. Based on the values obtained, when calculating the relationship between the number of detected cases of lung cancer and the number of particulate matter in the atmospheric air, a weak positive correlation was established for the Minsk region.
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Chandra, N., M. Skotak, and F. Wang. "Biomechanical Response of Rats Under a Wide Range of Blast Overpressures in Blast Injury Animal Models." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14652.
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We evaluated the acute (up to 24 hours) pathophysiological response to primary blast using a rat model and helium driven shock tube. The shock tube generates animal loadings with controlled pure primary blast parameters over a wide range of field-relevant conditions. The biomechanical loading was evaluated using a set of pressure gauges mounted on the surface of the nose, in the cranial space and in the thoracic cavity of cadaver rats. The mortality rates were established using anesthetized rats exposed to a single blast at five peak overpressures over a wide range of shock intensities (130, 190, 230, 250 and 290 kPa). We observed 0% mortality rates in 130 and 230 kPa groups, and 30%, 24% and 100% mortality rates in 190, 250 and 290 kPa groups, respectively. The intracranial pressure (ICP) oscillations recorded for 190, 250 and 290 kPa groups are characterized by higher frequency (10–20 kHz) than in other two groups (7–8 kHz). The acute bradycardia and moderate lung hemorrhage were noticeable in all groups of rats exposed to the shock wave loading. The onset of both corresponds to 110 kPa peak overpressure, according to the dose-response models. The immunostaining against immunoglobulin G (IgG) of brain sections of rats sacrificed 24-hours post-exposure indicated the diffuse blood-brain barrier breakdown in the brain parenchyma. We observed that the acute response as well as mortality is a non-linear function of peak overpressure and impulse ranges explored in this work.