Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rat locomotion

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Rat locomotion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rat locomotion"

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Brudzynski, Stefan M., Michael Wu, and Gordon J. Mogenson. "Decreases in rat locomotor activity as a result of changes in synaptic transmission to neurons within the mesencephalic locomotor region." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 71, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1993): 394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y93-060.

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The mesencephalic locomotor region is defined as a functional region sending signals to the spinal cord generators of rhythmical limb movements for locomotion. It has been shown that the mesencephalic locomotor region plays a critical role in locomotion initiated from the nucleus accumbens or from the subpallidal region. However, there are conflicting data on whether synaptic input from the nucleus accumbens – subpallidal region to the mesencephalic locomotor region mediates locomotion. The purpose of the study was to determine the role of synaptic input to different subregions of the mesencephalic locomotor region in locomotion induced by injecting dopamine into the nucleus accumbens or by injecting picrotoxin into the subpallidal region in freely behaving rats. Synaptic transmission in the mesencephalic locomotor region was eliminated by excitotoxic lesions or was reversibly interrupted by injecting cobalt chloride, which can block synaptic transmission. Excitotoxic lesions or injections of cobalt into subregions of the mesencephalic locomotor region significantly decreased, although did not completely block, locomotion. The most effective sites for cobalt- and lesion-induced reduction in locomotion were consistent with localization of the mesencephalic locomotor region. Effective sites for cobalt and lesions markedly overlapped but were not identical. The results indicate that synaptic transmission within the mesencephalic locomotor region contributes to dopamine- or picrotoxin-induced locomotion.Key words: locomotion, mesencephalic locomotor region, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, dopamine, picrotoxin, excitotoxins, cobalt chloride.
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Gerasimenko, Yury, Chet Preston, Hui Zhong, Roland R. Roy, V. Reggie Edgerton, and Prithvi K. Shah. "Rostral lumbar segments are the key controllers of hindlimb locomotor rhythmicity in the adult spinal rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 585–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00810.2018.

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The precise location and functional organization of the spinal neuronal locomotor-related networks in adult mammals remain unclear. Our recent neurophysiological findings provided empirical evidence that the rostral lumbar spinal cord segments play a critical role in the initiation and generation of the rhythmic activation patterns necessary for hindlimb locomotion in adult spinal rats. Since added epidural stimulation at the S1 segments significantly enhanced the motor output generated by L2 stimulation, these data also suggested that the sacral spinal cord provides a strong facilitory influence in rhythm initiation and generation. However, whether L2 will initiate hindlimb locomotion in the absence of S1 segments, and whether S1 segments can facilitate locomotion in the absence of L2 segments remain unknown. Herein, adult rats received complete spinal cord transections at T8 and then at either L2 or S1. Rats with spinal cord transections at T8 and S1 remained capable of generating coordinated hindlimb locomotion when receiving epidural stimulation at L2 and when ensembles of locomotor related loadbearing input were present. In contrast, minimal locomotion was observed when S1 stimulation was delivered after spinal cord transections at T8 and L2. Results were similar when the nonspecific serotonergic agonists were administered. These results demonstrate in adult rats that rostral lumbar segments are essential for the regulation of hindlimb locomotor rhythmicity. In addition, the more caudal spinal networks alone cannot control locomotion in the absence of the rostral segments around L2 even when loadbearing rhythmic proprioceptive afferent input is imposed. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The exact location of the spinal neuronal locomotor-related networks in adult mammals remains unknown. The present data demonstrate that when the rostral lumbar spinal segments (~L2) are completely eliminated in thoracic spinal adult rats, hindlimb stepping is not possible with neurochemical modulation of the lumbosacral cord. In contrast, eliminating the sacral cord retains stepping ability. These observations highlight the importance of rostral lumbar segments in generating effective mammalian locomotion.
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Liu, Jun, and Larry M. Jordan. "Stimulation of the Parapyramidal Region of the Neonatal Rat Brain Stem Produces Locomotor-Like Activity Involving Spinal 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A Receptors." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 2 (August 2005): 1392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00136.2005.

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Locomotion can be induced in rodents by direct application 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) onto the spinal cord. Previous studies suggest important roles for 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A receptors in the locomotor effects of 5-HT. Here we show for the first time that activation of a discrete population of 5-HT neurons in the rodent brain stem produces locomotion and that the evoked locomotion requires 5-HT7 and 5-HT2A receptors. Cells localized in the parapyramidal region (PPR) of the mid-medulla produced locomotor-like activity as a result of either electrical or chemical stimulation, and PPR-evoked locomotor-like activity was blocked by antagonists to 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors located on separate populations of neurons concentrated in different rostro-caudal regions. 5-HT7 receptor antagonists blocked locomotor-like activity when applied above the L3 segment; 5-HT2A receptor antagonists blocked locomotor-like activity only when applied below the L2 segment. 5-HT7 receptor antagonists decreased step cycle duration, consistent with an action on neurons involved in the rhythm-generating function of the central pattern generator (CPG) for locomotion. 5-HT2A antagonists reduced the amplitude of ventral root activity with only small effects on step cycle duration, suggesting an action directly on cells involved in the output stage of the pattern generator for locomotion, including motoneurons and premotor cells. Experiments with selective antagonists show that dopaminergic (D1, D2) and noradrenergic (α1, α2) receptors are not critical for PPR-evoked locomotor-like activity.
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Tresch, Matthew C., and Ole Kiehn. "Population Reconstruction of the Locomotor Cycle From Interneuron Activity in the Mammalian Spinal Cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.1972.

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Lesion studies have shown that neuronal networks in the ventromedial regions of the neonatal rat spinal cord are critical for the production of locomotion. We examined whether the locomotor cycle could be accurately predicted based on the activity recorded in a population of spinal interneurons located in these regions during pharmacologically induced locomotion. We used a Bayesian probabilistic reconstruction procedure to predict the most likely phase of locomotion given the observed activity in the neuronal population. The population reconstruction was able to predict the correct locomotor phase with high accuracy using a relatively small number of neurons. This result demonstrates that although the spike activity of individual spinal interneurons in the ventromedial region is weak and varies from cycle to cycle, the locomotor phase can be accurately predicted when information from the population is combined. This result is consistent with the proposed involvement of interneurons within these regions of the spinal cord in the production of locomotion.
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Hayes, Heather Brant, Young-Hui Chang, and Shawn Hochman. "An In Vitro Spinal Cord–Hindlimb Preparation for Studying Behaviorally Relevant Rat Locomotor Function." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 2 (February 2009): 1114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90523.2008.

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Although the spinal cord contains the pattern-generating circuitry for producing locomotion, sensory feedback reinforces and refines the spatiotemporal features of motor output to match environmental demands. In vitro preparations, such as the isolated rodent spinal cord, offer many advantages for investigating locomotor circuitry, but they lack the natural afferent feedback provided by ongoing locomotor movements. We developed a novel preparation consisting of an isolated in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord oriented dorsal-up with intact hindlimbs free to step on a custom-built treadmill. This preparation combines the neural accessibility of in vitro preparations with the modulatory influence of sensory feedback from physiological hindlimb movement. Locomotion induced by N-methyl d-aspartate and serotonin showed kinematics similar to that of normal adult rat locomotion. Changing orientation and ground interaction (dorsal-up locomotion vs ventral-up air-stepping) resulted in significant kinematic and electromyographic changes that were comparable to those reported under similar mechanical conditions in vivo. We then used two mechanosensory perturbations to demonstrate the influence of sensory feedback on in vitro motor output patterns. First, swing assistive forces induced more regular, robust muscle activation patterns. Second, altering treadmill speed induced corresponding changes in stride frequency, confirming that changes in sensory feedback can alter stride timing in vitro. In summary, intact hindlimbs in vitro can generate behaviorally appropriate locomotor kinematics and responses to sensory perturbations. Future studies combining the neural and chemical accessibility of the in vitro spinal cord with the influence of behaviorally appropriate hindlimb movements will provide further insight into the operation of spinal motor pattern-generating circuits.
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Bedford, T. G., P. K. Loi, and C. C. Crandall. "A model of dynamic exercise: the decerebrate rat locomotor preparation." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.1.121.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a dynamic exercise model in the rat that could be used to study central nervous system control of the cardiovascular system. Rats of both sexes were decerebrated under halothane anesthesia and prepared for induced locomotion on a freely turning wheel. Electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) elicited locomotion at different speeds and gait patterns and increased heart rate and blood pressure. Two maneuvers were performed to illustrate the potential use of the preparation. The first maneuver consisted of muscular paralysis, which prevents excitation of muscle mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors resulting from exercise. MLR stimulation still increased blood pressure. The second maneuver was performed to determine whether the blood pressure response obtained during paralysis was an artifact of electrical stimulation of the MLR. After microinjection of gamma-aminobutyric acid into the MLR, electrical current thresholds for blood pressure and locomotion increased in parallel. gamma-Aminobutyric acid injection also reduced the pressor response to suprathreshold electrical stimulation by 76%. The injection results suggest that electrical stimulation of the MLR activates cells rather than fibers of passage. The blood pressure response of the exercise model is probably not an artifact of stimulation. The decerebrate rat locomotor preparation should offer another approach to investigate difficult problems in exercise physiology.
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Ballion, Bérangère, Didier Morin, and Denise Viala. "Forelimb locomotor generators and quadrupedal locomotion in the neonatal rat." European Journal of Neuroscience 14, no. 10 (November 2001): 1727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01794.x.

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Sławińska, Urszula, Henryk Majczyński, Anna Kwaśniewska, Krzysztof Miazga, Anna M. Cabaj, Marek Bekisz, Larry M. Jordan, and Małgorzata Zawadzka. "Unusual Quadrupedal Locomotion in Rat during Recovery from Lumbar Spinal Blockade of 5-HT7 Receptors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 6007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116007.

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Coordination of four-limb movements during quadrupedal locomotion is controlled by supraspinal monoaminergic descending pathways, among which serotoninergic ones play a crucial role. Here we investigated the locomotor pattern during recovery from blockade of 5-HT7 or 5-HT2A receptors after intrathecal application of SB269970 or cyproheptadine in adult rats with chronic intrathecal cannula implanted in the lumbar spinal cord. The interlimb coordination was investigated based on electromyographic activity recorded from selected fore- and hindlimb muscles during rat locomotion on a treadmill. In the time of recovery after hindlimb transient paralysis, we noticed a presence of an unusual pattern of quadrupedal locomotion characterized by a doubling of forelimb stepping in relation to unaffected hindlimb stepping (2FL-1HL) after blockade of 5-HT7 receptors but not after blockade of 5-HT2A receptors. The 2FL-1HL pattern, although transient, was observed as a stable form of fore-hindlimb coupling during quadrupedal locomotion. We suggest that modulation of the 5-HT7 receptors on interneurons located in lamina VII with ascending projections to the forelimb spinal network can be responsible for the 2FL-1HL locomotor pattern. In support, our immunohistochemical analysis of the lumbar spinal cord demonstrated the presence of the 5-HT7 immunoreactive cells in the lamina VII, which were rarely 5-HT2A immunoreactive.
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Bauman, Jay M., and Young-Hui Chang. "Rules to limp by: joint compensation conserves limb function after peripheral nerve injury." Biology Letters 9, no. 5 (October 23, 2013): 20130484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0484.

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Locomotion persists across all manner of internal and external perturbations. The objective of this study was to identify locomotor compensation strategies in rodent models of peripheral nerve injury. We found that hip-to-toe limb length and limb angle was preferentially preserved over individual joint angles after permanent denervation of rat ankle extensor muscles. These findings promote further enquiry into the significance of limb-level function for neuromechanical control of legged locomotion.
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Ettema, G. J. "Elastic and length-force characteristics of the gastrocnemius of the hopping mouse (Notomys alexis) and the rat (Rattus norvegicus)." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 1277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.6.1277.

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The aim of this study was to compare the contractile and series elastic properties of terrestrial mammals that use bipedal versus quadrupedal gaits. The gastrocnemius muscle of the hopping mouse (body mass 30.2 +/- 2.4 g, mean +/- S.D.) and the rat (313 +/- 10.7 g) were compared with data from the literature for the wallaby and the kangaroo rat to distinguish scaling effects and locomotion-related effects on muscle properties. Contractile length-force properties and series elastic stiffness were measured in situ during maximal tetanic contractions. The rat had a larger muscle-fibre-to-tendon-length ratio. The rat and hopping mouse showed similar normalised length-force characteristics of the gastrocnemius. Normalised stiffness in the hopping mouse was higher. The hopping mouse showed a higher capacity to store elastic energy per unit of contractile work capacity, as well as per unit of body mass. Accounting for body size differences, the rat had a smaller relative muscle mass and thus smaller work capacity than the three hopping animals considered. This is an agreement with a quadrupedal versus bipedal locomotion style. The differences in contractile and elastic properties of the gastrocnemius of the rat and hopping mouse seem to be closely related to locomotion patterns. Small animals seem to be able to utilise the storage and release of elastic energy to a far lesser extent than larger animals. However, even in animals as small as hopping mice, the storage and utilisation of elastic energy during locomotion is of functional significance and probably depends on locomotor behaviour.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rat locomotion"

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Arkley, Kendra. "Strategy change in vibrissal active sensing during locomotion in rat." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5738/.

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Coles, S. K. "Controls of the locomotor system in the rat." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233493.

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Perrot, Olivier. "Locomotion et franchissement d'obstacles après lésion cérébrale : étude cinématique chez le rat." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596578.

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Les tests couramment utilisés pour évaluer le déficit sensori-moteur induit par une lésion du cerveau chez le rat posent problèmes en termes de sensibilité, d'objectivité et de quantification. Nous avons émis l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'analyse 3D de la cinématique de la locomotion constitue un paradigme expérimental approprié pour quantifier un tel déficit. Aussi, la locomotion a été étudiée lors d'une course sur tapis roulant (25 cm/s) muni ou pas d'obstacles (deux obstacles de 3cm de haut et 1,2 cm de large) à l'aide du système optoélectronique VICON. Le mouvement des quatre pattes a été simultanément enregistré avant et après induction d'une lésion unilatérale soit du striatum (mort d'origine métabolique des neurones striataux) soit du cortex cérébral (infarctus du cortex moteur) chez le rat adulte. Le laboratoire a précédemment montré que ces deux modèles de lésion conduisaient à une anomalie plus ou moins durable de la traversée d'une poutre étroite et surélevée, test classiquement utilisé pour évaluer la locomotion du rat. La première étude décrit pour la première fois la stratégie utilisée par le rat pour franchir un obstacle. Elle révèle que le franchissement s'accompagne d'une rupture complète du pattern locomoteur de base et que l'élévation des ceintures contribue de façon notable au passage de chacune des pattes au- dessus de l'obstacle. La seconde étude montre que la lésion du striatum s'accompagne d'un déficit locomoteur durable lors des deux modalités de course, l'anomalie portant sélectivement sur les pattes contralatérales à la lésion. Plus précisément, ces pattes présentent une flexion exagérée pendant la phase d'appui dont la durée est augmentée. Par ailleurs, lorsque que la patte antérieure opposée à la lésion conduit la manœuvre de franchissement, elle prend fréquemment appui sur l'obstacle suite à une initiation trop précoce de son élévation. Dans ce cas, la patte postérieure homolatérale franchit ou non correctement l'obstacle. L'ensemble de ces résultats suggère l'implication du striatum dans la programmation des mouvements guidés par la vue. La dernière expérience montre qu'aucune des modalités de locomotion n'est affectée par la lésion corticale, suggérant que le faisceau corticospinal n'est indispensable ni à la locomotion ni à son adaptation à l'environnement. En conclusion, notre travail montre que nos modalités d'enregistrement de la locomotion sont appropriées pour quantifier le déficit fonctionnel induit par une lésion du striatum, mais pas celui induit par une lésion du cortex moteur. Il serait intéressant de répéter les expériences lors d'une course volontaire, de manière à s'affranchir de la stimulation sensitive générée par le déroulement du tapis sous les pattes et d'étudier la réversibilité du déficit en cas de lésion partielle du striatum.
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Mallem, Soraya. "Conception d'une chaîne de mesure automatique pour l'étude des troubles de la locomotion chez le rat : le locomotion monitoring system ( L.M.S.)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL062N.

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L'évaluation de la capacité fonctionnelle après traumatisme et la mesure de l'efficacité des thérapeutiques proposées constituent un élément fondamental de la recherche portant sur les lésions du système nerveux. Les méthodes d'évaluation actuellement utilisées en toxicologie, en pharmacologie, en traumatologie et en neurochirurgie, soit comportent beaucoup d'imprécision et de subjectivité, soit se présentent sous forme de chaine de mesure très couteuse et très compliquée à gérer, ou encore fournissent des résultats d'interprétation longue et difficile nous avons élaboré un système complètement automatise visant a la simplicité, à la rapidité et a la standardisation des mesures. Ce système est applicable aux déficits générés par des lésions centrales et diffuses, quelle que soit la forme d'impact de cette lésion. Le LMS - locomotion monitoring system- respecte l'intégralité anatomo-physiologique de l'animal. Il ne nécessite aucune méthode de mesure invasive ce qui permet l'étude longitudinale à tout moment de l'expérimentation. Le traitement des données acquises, base sur l'analyse multidimensionnelle, permet de concevoir un modèle de récupération des déficits locomoteurs. La standardisation de ces déficits permet de mesurer objectivement l'effet des thérapeutiques utilises. Plusieurs méthodes de classification sont ensuite évaluées. L'intérêt d'un classifieur est motive par la conviction que l'utilisation maximale des connaissances disponibles sur le comportement de l'animal ne peut conduire qu'à un diagnostic plus précis. La contrepartie est la sensibilité des décisions prises vis-à-vis notamment des erreurs de classification et de la mesure du taux de rétablissement. Ce dernier point constitue un paramètre essentiel pour les cliniciens. Il est, par conséquent, nécessaire de disposer d'un modèle évolutif et précis. La classification floue, outil quantitatif puissant, permet de résoudre ces problèmes. Pour remédier aux inconvénients détectés lors des différents traitements, un deuxième système de détection des erreurs de marche plus performant est conçu sur des principes éthologiques plus rigoureux.
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Oueghlani, Zied. "Contrôle afférent du réseau locomoteur lombaire chez le rat néonatal intact et spino-lésé." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0347/document.

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Lors de la locomotion, la commande rythmique envoyée aux muscles des membres est organisée de manière spatiale et temporelle par les générateurs centraux du patron locomoteur (CPGs) localisés dans la moelle épinière. Ces derniers sont sous le contrôle des centres supraspinaux impliqués dans l'aspect motivationnel du comportement locomoteur dont l’activité est constamment modulée par des afférences sensorielles afin de permettre d'adapter les mouvements aux changements environnementaux. L’objectif majeur de mon travail doctoral était d’explorer les mécanismes des interactions dynamiques entre (1) les centres supraspinaux, (2) les CPGs et (3) les afférences sensorielles dans le contrôle de la locomotion chez le rat nouveau-né intact et spino-lésé. En nous appuyant sur le modèle de préparation de tronc cérébral / moelle épinière isolée in vitro, nous avons montré que la manipulation de l’organisation temporelle de la commande locomotrice en provenance de la formation réticulée (située dans le tronc cérébral) est efficace pour ajuster finement l’activité des CPGs locomoteurs. Nous avons ensuite mis en lumière l’importance des voies descendantes sérotonergiques dans l’intégration de l’information sensorielle par les CPGs locomoteurs durant la première semaine postnatale. Enfin, en combinant des approches comportementales, neurochimiques et électrophysiologiques, nous avons mis en évidence des effets différents mais complémentaires des neuromodulateurs monoaminergiques (sérotonine, dopamine et noradrénaline) dans la réexpression du comportement locomoteur après une lésion spinale. Notre travail ouvre de belles perspectives pour la compréhension du contrôle afférent de la moelle épinière, à la fois dans un contexte non-pathologique et après un traumatisme médullaire
Located within the spinal cord, the locomotor central pattern generators (CPGs) organize the rhythmical activation of limb muscles according to specific gait pattern requirements. These CPGs are under the control of supraspinal centers that are involved in the motivational aspect of locomotor behavior, and their activity is constantly modulated by sensory inputs to adapt the locomotor activities to environmental changes. The aim of my doctoral work was to further understand the dynamic interactions between (1) the supraspinal centers, (2) the CPGs and (3) the sensory inputs in both healthy and spinalized newborn rats. Using the isolated brainstem / spinal cord preparation as an in vitro experimental model, we first showed that manipulating the periodicity and the relative durations of left and right descending reticulospinal commands at the brainstem level is efficient to set the locomotor speed and sustain directional changes. We next established the interaction between the descending serotonergic pathways and sensory feedback to shape the spinal locomotor outputs during the first postnatal week. Finally, by combining behavioral, neurochemical and electrophysiological techniques, we showed different but complementary effects of monoaminergic neuromodulators (serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine) in the expression of locomotor behavior after a spinal cord injury. Our work brings additional data to better understand the afferent control of locomotor spinal CPGs in healthy and spinalized newborn rats
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Horner, Angela M. "Crouched Locomotion in Small Mammals: The Effects of Habitat and Aging." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1283529573.

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Nemati, Farshad, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Contribution of brain with or without visual cortex lesion to exploratory locomotion in the rat." Thesis, Arts and Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/665.

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Over the past five decades spatial behavior has been a subject of research interest in psychology and neuroscience, in part based on philosophical theories of mental spatial representations. In order to continue uncovering the facts regarding spatial behavior, the focus of this thesis was on the contribution of entry point and visual inputs to the organization of exploratory locomotion and spatial representation in the rat. Despite the contribution of the hippocampus to spatial abilities, the exploratory locomotion is still visually organized in rats with damage to the hippocampus. On the other hand, recent studies have demonstrated a contribution of visual areas to the spatial ability of the rat. Nevertheless, the contribution of visual cortex to the organization of exploratory locomotion has not been studied in an open field. The experiments in this thesis were designed to characterize the organization of exploratory locomotion to the point of entry and/or visual cues. Rats were started from the edge or center of an open table near or on which a salient object could be placed. The main findings were that rats organized their exploratory locomotion to their point of entry and modified their behavior as they encountered objects. Also, rats with damage to visual cortex displayed an extra-attachment to the visual objects and in contrast to controls did not expand their exploratory locomotion with time. The results are discussed with respect to the centrality of the entry point in the organization of exploratory locomotion and the neural network that control visual exploration in the rat.
xiii, 220 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. --
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Hamilton, Rachel A. "Arboreal habitat structure affects route choice by rat snakes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250524005.

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Fellippa-Marques, Carmen Silvia. "Contrôle des entrées sensorielles dans la moelle épinière du rat : développement et plasticité." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066641.

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Bouët, Valentine. "Modulation des informations proprioceptives et activités posturo-locomotrices : influence de la gravité chez le rat et de l'exercice chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11022.

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Les informations proprioceptives musculaire et vestibulaire occupent un rôle majeur dans l'organisation des activités posturales et locomotrices. L'exercice musculaire chez l'homme et l'exposition à un environnement hypergravitaire chez le rat ont été utilisés pour moduler ces informations. Nous avons analysé les conséquences de ces modulations sur l'acuité du sens de la position chez l'homme, le comportement postural et locomoteur ainsi que les propriétés des muscles antigravitaires chez l'animal. Chez l'homme l'exercice musculaire améliore la sensibilité kinesthésique. Cette amélioration peut contribuer à expliquer les meilleures performances motrices résultant d'un échauffement musculaire. Par ailleurs, des rats conçus, nés et élevés en hypergravité (2 g) manifestent au passage à 1 g des désordres posturaux (élargissement de la surface d'appui, déficits dans la réaction de retournement) et locomoteurs (hyperactivité et désorientation spatiale, modifications de la cinématique). La sensibilité du système vestibulaire et le fonctionnement musculaire semblent être principalement impliqués dans ces perturbations dont la plupart disparaissent au bout de trois semaines passées en gravité terrestre. Les muscles extenseurs de la cheville présentent chez les mêmes animaux au passage à 1 g des propriétés contractiles et une composition différentes de celles des animaux témoins. Le soléaire et le plantaire développent une force plus importante et accentuent leurs caractéristiques de muscles respectivement lent et rapide. L'absence de normalisation au bout de deux mois passés en gravité terrestre suggère soit une imprégnation irréversible du système neuro-musculaire, soit un ralentissement des processus de plasticité en hypergravité.
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Books on the topic "Rat locomotion"

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Poletaeva, Vladislava. Financial mechanism for the formation of the economy of sustainable industrial growth. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1347148.

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"The monograph is devoted to the development of a financial mechanism for the transformation of the national economic system from a relatively low growth rate and their significant instability of the export-raw materials model to a model of sustainable industrial growth. In the first chapter, the rationale is made for the feasibility (to solve the problem of forming an economy of sustainable industrial growth) of developing cooperation between the banking sector and the state in the field of financing the manufacturing industry based on the implementation of the interests of all key stakeholders of such projects, the interests of the state, the banking sector and manufacturing enterprises are identified, and the completeness of their implementation within the existing mechanisms of bank-state investment in the economy is assessed. The second chapter describes the algorithm of transactions for lending to industrial enterprises as part of the financial mechanism for forming an economy of sustainable industrial growth, and also develops methods for implementing the interests of the bank, the authorized state institution (creditors) and the manufacturing industry (borrower) when providing the latter with financing and in a situation of problem debt. In the third chapter, the author formulates a method for determining the "locomotive" industries, investment in which will stimulate the growth of the national economic system to the greatest extent
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US GOVERNMENT. Health Security Act: A bill to ensure individual and family security through health care coverage for all Americans in a manner that contains the rate of growth in health care costs and promotes responsible health insurance practices, to promote choice in health care, and to ensure and protect the health care of all Americans. Washington, D.C: [U.S. G.P.O.], 1993.

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Steel, Vivian L. Effects of maternal exposure to trichloroethylene on locomotor activity and circulating corticosterone levels in rat pups. 1985.

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Clarke, Andrew. Temperature and reaction rate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0007.

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All other things being equal, physiological reaction rate increases roughly exponentially with temperature. Organisms that have adapted over evolutionary time to live at different temperatures can have enzyme variants that exhibit similar kinetics at the temperatures to which they have adapted to operate. Within species whose distribution covers a range of temperatures, there may be differential expression of enzyme variants with different kinetics across the distribution. Enzymes adapted to different optimum temperatures differ in their amino acid sequence and thermal stability. The Gibbs energy of activation tends to be slightly lower in enzyme variants adapted to lower temperatures, but the big change is a decrease in the enthalpy of activation, with a corresponding change in the entropy of activation, both associated with a more open, flexible structure. Despite evolutionary adjustments to individual enzymes involved in intermediary metabolism (ATP regeneration), many whole-organism processes operate faster in tropical ectotherms compared with temperate or polar ectotherms. Examples include locomotion (muscle power output), ATP regeneration (mitochondrial function), nervous conduction and growth.
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Longmore, Murray, Ian B. Wilkinson, Andrew Baldwin, and Elizabeth Wallin. Rheumatology. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199609628.003.0012.

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The rheumatological historyAssessing the locomotor systemRheumatological investigationsBack painOsteoarthritis (oa)Septic arthritisRheumatoid arthritis (ra)Crystal arthropathies:Goutcppd arthropathySpondyloarthritides:Ankylosing spondylitis (as)Enteropathic, psoriatic and reactive arthritisAutoimmune connective tissue diseases:Mixed connective tissue disease...
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Austin, Mark Charles. Neuropharmacological substrates of the nucleus accumbens and the ventral pallidum of the rat brain mediating locomotor behavior. 1987.

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Stoddard, Frederick J., and Robert L. Sheridan. Wound Healing and Depression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603342.003.0009.

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Depression and wound healing are bidirectional processes for adults and children consistent with the conception of depression as systemic. This systemic interaction is similar to the “bidirectional impact of mood disorder on risk for development, progression, treatment, and outcomes of medical illness” generally. And, evidence is growing that the bidirectional impact of mood disorder may be true for injuries and for trauma surgery. Animal models have provided some support that treatment of depression may improve wound healing. An established biological model for a mechanism delaying wound healing is increased cortisol secretion secondary to depression and/or stress, and impaired immune response, in addition or together with the other factors such as genetic or epigenetic risk for depression. Cellular models relate both to wound healing and to depression include cytokines, the inflammatory response (Miller et al, 2008), and cellular aging (Telgenhoff and Shroot, 2005) reflected in shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) (Verhoeven et al, 2016). Another model of stress impacting wound healing investigated genetic correlates—immediate early gene expression or IEG from the medial prefrontal cortex, and locomotion, in isolation-reared juvenile rats. Levine et al (2008) compared isolation reared to group reared samples, and found that, immediate gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was reduced, and behavioral hyperactivity increased, in juvenile rats with 20% burn injuries. Wound healing in the isolation reared rats was significantly impaired. They concluded that these results provide candidates for behavioral biomarkers of isolation rearing during physical injury, i.e. reduced immediate mPFC gene expression and hyperactivity. They suggested that a biomarker such as IEGs might aid in demarcating patients with resilient and adaptive responses to physical illness from those with maladaptive responses
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The effects of locomotor skipping on aerobic capacity, body composition and injury rate in college age women: A comparison with jogging. 1991.

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The effects of locomotor skipping on aerobic capacity, body composition and injury rate in college age women: A comparison with jogging. 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rat locomotion"

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Arashi, M., A. Yachi, Y. Sibille, J. P. Vaerman, and H. Bazin. "Locomotor response of rat PMN induced by IgA." In Advances in Mucosal Immunology, 441–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1848-1_125.

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Cazalets, Jean-René. "Organization of the Spinal Locomotor Network in Neonatal Rat." In Neurobiology of Spinal Cord Injury, 89–111. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-200-5_4.

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Yakhnitsa, I. A., A. L. Pilyavsky, and N. V. Bulgokova. "Presynaptic Control of Afferent Input During Real Locomotion in Rats." In Stance and Motion, 153–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0821-6_14.

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Helbig, Thomas, Danja Voges, Sandra Niederschuh, Manuela Schmidt, and Hartmut Witte. "Characterizing the Substrate Contact of Carpal Vibrissae of Rats during Locomotion." In Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, 399–401. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09435-9_42.

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Xu, Kedi, Jiacheng Zhang, Songchao Guo, and Xiaoxiang Zheng. "Optogenetic Modulation of Locomotor Activity on Free-Behaving Rats." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 195–206. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3512-3_13.

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Kiehn, O., and O. Kjaerulff. "Organization of Spinal Locomotor Networks and their Afferent Control in the Neonatal Rat." In Neural Control of Movement, 179–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1985-0_23.

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Routhe, J. S., M. J. Niemeier, H. C. Riis, G. Schneider, and W. Jensen. "Animal Model to Investigate the Role of the Motor Cortex during Treadmill Locomotion in Rats." In Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation, 335–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34546-3_53.

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Cagiano, R., M. Salvia, G. Renna, G. Racagni, and V. Cuomo. "Prenatal Exposure to Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) Acetate: Effects on Ultrasonic Vocalization and Locomotor Activity in Rat Offspring." In Mechanisms and Models in Toxicology, 148–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72558-6_21.

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Taccola, G., and A. Nistri. "Electrophysiological effects of 4-aminopyridine on fictive locomotor activity of the rat spinal cord in vitro." In Re-Engineering of the Damaged Brain and Spinal Cord, 151–54. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-211-27577-0_26.

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González-Sandoval, Josué, S. Ivvan Valdez-Peña, Sergio Dueñas-Jiménez, and Gerardo Mendizabal-Ruiz. "A Bio-inspired Algorithm for the Quantitative Analysis of Hind Limb Locomotion Kinematics of Laboratory Rats." In Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 385–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56148-6_34.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rat locomotion"

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Aoi, Shinya, Naohiro Hayashi, Takahiro Kondo, Dai Yanagihara, Sho Aoki, Hiroshi Yamaura, Naomichi Ogihara, et al. "Hindlimb obstacle avoidance during rat locomotion based on a neuromusculoskeletal model." In 2012 4th IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2012.6290884.

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Fukayama, Osamu, Ryosuke Nakanishi, Hiroshi Otsuka, Takafumi Suzuki, and Kunihiko Mabuchi. "RatCar: A whole-body neuromuscular locomotion prosthetic device with exoskeletal robotic limbs for a rat." In 2012 Joint 6th Intl. Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS) and 13th Intl. Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scis-isis.2012.6505404.

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Fukayama, Osamu, Noriyuki Taniguchi, Takafumi Suzuki, and Kunihiko Mabuchi. "RatCar system for estimating locomotion states using neural signals with parameter monitoring: Vehicle-formed brain-machine interfaces for rat." In 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2008.4650416.

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Fukayama, Osamu, Noriyuki Taniguchi, Takafumi Suzuki, and Kunihiko Mabuchi. "Estimation of Locomotion Speed and Directions Changes to Control a Vehicle Using Neural Signals from the Motor Cortex of Rat." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260297.

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Fukayama, Osamu, Noriyuki Taniguchi, Takafumi Suzuki, and Kunihiko Mabuchi. "Estimation of Locomotion Speed and Directions Changes to Control a Vehicle Using Neural Signals from the Motor Cortex of Rat." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4397607.

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Andrada, E., J. Mämpel, A. Schmidt, M. S. Fischer, A. Karguth, and H. Witte. "Biomechanical analyses of rat locomotion during walking and climbing as a base for the design and construction of climbing robots." In DESIGN AND NATURE 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/dn100151.

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Tasch, U., P. Moubarak, W. Tang, L. Zhu, R. M. Lovering, J. Roche, and R. J. Bloch. "An Instrument That Simultaneously Measures Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters and Ground Reaction Forces of Locomoting Rats." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59085.

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We describe an instrument that assesses two features of the gait of rats, spatiotemporal paw movement variables (SPMV) and ground reaction forces (GRF) in the vertical direction. The GRF and the SPMV variables are measured electrically by eight single axis load-cells that support two floor plates. We can derive four gait parameters from the SPMV and GRF measured by the instrument: the stride length of individual limbs, the maximum and mean vertical ground forces, and the intensity of the vibrations created by each paw during locomotion. Measurements of the vertical GRF show errors of less than 3.5%; errors in the determination of the paw positions, used to derive stride lengths, are less than 9 mm. Here we report the stride length, maximum and mean GRF values, and the intensity of the floor vibrations of healthy adult mature rats. Our instrument is capable of evaluating changes in these gait parameters in rat models of injury and disease.
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Hamid, Ahmed Abdel, Amr Nazih, Mohammed Ashraf, Ahmed Abdulbaky, and Alaa Khamis. "UGV locomotion system for rough terrain." In 2016 International Workshop on Recent Advances in Robotics and Sensor Technology for Humanitarian Demining and Counter-IEDs (RST). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rst.2016.7869858.

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Seo, ByungHoon, HyunGyu Kim, Minhyeok Kim, Yanheng Liu, Kyungmin Jeong, and TaeWon Seo. "Novel robotic platform for stable stair climbing by flipping locomotion." In 2013 6th International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics (RAM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ram.2013.6758568.

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Ratliff, Nathan, J. Andrew Bagnell, and Siddhartha S. Srinivasa. "Imitation learning for locomotion and manipulation." In 2007 7th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichr.2007.4813899.

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