Academic literature on the topic 'RASTA'
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Journal articles on the topic "RASTA"
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Bedasse, Monique. "Rasta Evolution." Journal of Black Studies 40, no. 5 (August 18, 2008): 960–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934708320135.
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Matijevic, Andrea. "EKONOMSKA NEJEDNAKOST KAO FAKTOR OGRANIČENJA EKONOMSKOG RASTA SJEDINJENIH AMERIČKIH DRŽAVA." Politička revija 66, no. 4/2020 (January 5, 2021): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/pr.6642020.4.
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Polazeći od različitih teorija ekonomskog rasta, autor u radu prikazuje ekonomsku nejednakost kao jedan od značajnih faktora koji utiču na ekonomski rast. Brojne su studije koje se bave uticajem ekonomskog rasta na ekonomsku nejednakost. Relativno manje pažnje posvećeno je analizi odnosa ova dva fenomena u obrnutom smeru. Osnovna pretpostavka od koje autor polazi je da, ako posmatramo uticaj ekonomske nejednakosti na ekonomski rast, ta veza ne može biti tako jednostavno determinisana i data kao konačna. Stoga se u radu nastoji ispitati koji su to kanali uticaja rasta nejednakosti na ekonomski rast, da li je taj uticaj direktan ili posredan. Autor na primeru Sjedinjenih Američkih Država razmatra pitanja uzroka rasta nejednakosti, kao i uzroke usporavanja ekonomskog rasta. U radu se pokušava dokazati da upravo ekonomska nejednakost predstavlja faktor ograničenja ekonomskog rasta Sjedinjenih Američkih Država.
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Šušić, Nikola, Andrijana Bauer-Živković, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, Siniša Andrašev, and Martin Bobinac. "Growth characteristics of one-year-old Hungarian oak seedlings (Quercus frainetto Ten.) in full light conditions." Šumarski list 143, no. 5-6 (June 18, 2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.143.5-6.3.
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U radu su prikazane značajke rasta jednogodišnjih biljaka sladuna u uvjetima potpunog svjetla u poljskom pokusu 2016. godine. U odnosu na višegodišnji prosjek (1981.–2010. godine) srednja temperatura zraka u vegetacijskom razdoblju 2016. godine bila je veća za 1.3<sup>°</sup>C, a količina oborina za 30.1 mm. Broj ožiljaka terminalnih pupova na jednogodišnjim biljkama sladuna (Slika 1), definira broj faza rasta u visinu na temelju kojega su izdvojeni tipovi rasta biljaka: biljke s jednofaznim, dvofaznim i trofaznim rastom. U analiziranom uzorku, 39,8% biljaka pripada jednofaznom tipu rasta, 58,2% dvofaznom, a svega 2,0% trofaznom tipu rasta (Slika 2). S obzirom na mali broj biljaka s trofaznim rastom u visinu, sve biljke su podijeljene u dvije skupine: biljke sa jednofaznim i biljke sa višestrukim rastom u visinu (Tablica 2). Postoje statistički značajne razlike u varijancama uzoraka kod svih značajki rasta između biljaka s jednofaznim i višestrukim rastom na razini p < 0,05, a na razini p < 0,01 između srednjih vrijednosti svih analiziranih elemenata rasta između biljaka s jednofaznim i višestrukim rastom. Primjetno je da raspodjela svih elemenata rasta varira između dvije definirane skupine biljaka. S obzirom na visinu primarnog rasta (H<sub>1</sub>), biljke s jednofaznim rastom su po apsolutnoj varijabilnosti nešto manje varijabilne, a po relativnoj duplo manje varijabilne od biljaka s višestrukim rastom, s blago pozitivnom asimetrijom. Što se tiče ukupne visine, biljke sa višestrukim rastom su znatno varijabilnije kako glede apsolutne varijabilnosti, tako i relativne varijabilnosti i s više izraženom desnom asimetrijom u odnosu na biljke s jednofaznim rastom. Kod biljaka s višestrukim rastom, apsolutna varijabilnost broja listova je dvostruko veća, a ukupne površine listova trostruko veća s izraženom desnom asimetrijom u usporedbi s biljkama s jednofaznim rastom. Postoje značajne razlike između raspodjela biljaka s jednofaznim i višestrukim rastom u visinu. Biljke s jednofaznim rastom imaju manju ukupnu visinu, manji promjer korjenovog vrata, manji broj i ukupnu površinu listova, ali se odlikuju većom srednjom visinom primarnog rasta u odnosu na biljke sa višestrukim rastom, što ukazuje na različite značajke rasta u početnoj fazi i tijekom vegetacijskog razdoblja između ovih tipova biljaka.
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RAČIUS, VIDAS. "RASTA NAUJA LIETUVIŠKA MARGINALIJA." Knygotyra 51 (January 1, 2015): 272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kn.v51i0.7903.
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Servin, Micheline B. "Du griot au rasta." Les Temps Modernes 620-621, no. 4 (2002): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ltm.620.0504.
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Hermansky, H., and N. Morgan. "RASTA processing of speech." IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 2, no. 4 (1994): 578–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/89.326616.
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Miklić, Boris, Igor Anić, Stjepan Mikac, Marko Orešković, Domagoj Trlin, and Anja Žmegač. "Climate sensitivity of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) chronology in the Northern Velebit." Šumarski list 145, no. 3-4 (April 30, 2021): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.145.3-4.3.
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Zabrinutost oko mogućih posljedica klimatskih promjena i njihovog utjecaja na Mediteransko područje ukazuje na potrebu boljeg razumijevanja varijabilnosti klime dugo u povijest, a posebice izvan razdoblja obuhvaćenih instrumentalnim mjerenjima. Kako bismo poboljšali prostornu i vremensku pokrivenost hrvatskog Sredozemlja klimatskim podacima te bolje razumjeli utjecaj klimatskih promjena na rasta stabala, provedena su prva dendrokronološka istraživanja na području Sjevernog Velebita. Rezultati istraživanja 274 godine stare kronologije crnoga bora ukazuju da je glavni limitirajući čimbenik rasta stabala crnoga bora nedostatka vlage u ljetnom razdoblju godine. Korelacije kronologije rasta stabala i količine ljetnih oborina od 1954. do 2015. godine su značajne i pozitivne (R=0.60, p=0.0099) te vremenski stabilne. Time se stvorila mogućnost rekonstrukcije klime relativno daleko u prošlost za područje sjeverozapadnih Dinarida.
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Batuman, Ozgur, Ö. Cem Çiftçi, Michael K. Osei, Sally A. Miller, Maria R. Rojas, and Robert L. Gilbertson. "Rasta Disease of Tomato in Ghana is Caused by the Pospiviroids Potato spindle tuber viroid and Tomato apical stunt viroid." Plant Disease 103, no. 7 (July 2019): 1525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-18-1751-re.
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Rasta is a virus-like disease of unknown etiology affecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in Ghana. Symptoms include stunting; epinasty, crumpling, and chlorosis of leaves; and necrosis of leaf veins, petioles, and stems. Leaf samples with rasta symptoms were collected from commercial tomato fields in Ghana in October 2012 and applied to FTA cards, and RNA extracts were prepared. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests with primers for Columnea latent viroid, which causes rasta-like symptoms in tomato plants in Mali, were negative, whereas tests with degenerate viroid primer pairs were inconclusive. However, tomato seedlings (Early Pak 7) mechanically inoculated with RNA extracts of 10 of 13 samples developed rasta-like symptoms. In RT-PCR tests with RNA from leaves of the 10 symptomatic seedlings and primers for Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) or Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd), the expected size (approximately 360 bp) of DNA fragment was amplified from eight and two seedlings, respectively. Sequence analyses confirmed that these fragments were from PSTVd and TASVd isolates, and revealed a single PSTVd haplotype and two TASVd haplotypes. The PSTVd and TASVd isolates from Ghana had high nucleotide identities (>94%) with isolates from other geographic regions. In a host range study, PSTVd and TASVd isolates from Ghana induced rasta symptoms in the highly susceptible tomato cultivar Early Pak 7 and mild or no symptoms in Glamour, and symptomless infections in a number of other solanaceous species. PSTVd and TASVd isolates were seed associated and possibly seed transmitted.
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Bobinac, Martin, Siniša Andrašev, Nikola Šušić, Andrijana Bauer-Živković, and Đura Jorgić. "Elementi rasta stabala talijanske (Alnus cordata /Loisel./ Duby) i crne johe (Alnus glutinosa /L./ Gaertn.) u linijskim nasadima na Fruškoj gori (Srbija)." Glasilo Future 3, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32779/gf.3.1-2.1.
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U radu su prikazani elementi rasta stabala u linijskim nasadima talijanske johe (Alnus cordata /Loisel./ Duby) u starosti 11 i 16 godina i crne johe (Alnus glutinosa /L./ Gaertn.) u starosti 100 godina u sličnim stanišnim uvjetima na Fruškoj gori (Srbija). Nasadi su osnovani na antropogeno izmijenjenom staništu lužnjaka i graba u potočnoj dolini, na nadmorskoj visini oko 120 m. Talijanska joha predstavlja novounijetu vrstu u Srbiju 2004. godine, a nasad crne johe je u kategoriji najstarijih nasada te vrste na Fruškoj gori. Komparacija elemenata rasta stabala talijanske johe u starosti 16 godina, kada je srednja i dominantna visina stabala iznosila 19,5 i 21,0 m, a srednji i dominantni promjer na prsnoj visini 47,0 i 59,4 cm, i elemenata rasta stabala crne johe u starosti 100 godina na istom lokalitetu, gdje je srednja i dominantna visina stabala iznosila 24,0 i 25,2 m, a srednji i dominantni promjer na prsnoj visini 48,7 i 62,1 cm, ukazala je da su promjeri talijanske johe oko 95%, a visine oko 81% od vrijednosti istih elementa rasta kod crne johe. Izvedeni elementi rasta nasada (na bazi preračuna da se po hektaru nalazi 200 stabala) ukazuju da veličina temeljnice oko 35 m2•ha−1 i volumena nasada oko 300 m3∙ha−1 kod talijanske johe u starosti 16 godina iznose oko 90% od istih veličina kod crne johe u starosti 100 godina. Na osnovu početnih rezultata uzgoja talijanska joha može predstavljati potencijalno primjenjivu vrstu: kao brzorastuća u šumskim plantažama i dekorativna u urbanim područjima.
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Lake, Obiagale. "The many voices of Rastafarian women : sexual subordination in the midst of liberation." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 68, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1994): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002652.
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Author calls it ironic that although Rasta men emphasize freedom, their relationship to Rasta women is characterized by a posture and a rhetoric of dominance. She analyses the religious thought and institutions that reflect differential access to material and cultural resources among Rastafarians. Based on the theory that male physical power and the cultural institutions created by men set the stage for male domination over women.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "RASTA"
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Ivana, Vorgučin. "Praćenje vrednosti insulinu sličnog faktora rasta tip 1 u serumu i brzine rasta tokom terapije hormonom rasta kod dece." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95556&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Hormon rasta ima ključnu ulogu u mnogim fiziološkim procesima, anabolički efekti, stimulisanje rasta dugih kostiju, regulacija transkripcije gena u ciljnim ćelijama su uglavnom posredovani preko mitogenog polipeptida, insulinu sličan faktor rasta tip 1 (insulin like growth factor 1-IGF-1). Hormon rasta indukuje proizvodnju IGF-1 u jetri, koji reaguje sa receptorima ciljnih organa indukujući rast, odnosno IGF-1 posreduje svim stimulativnim dejstvima hormona rasta na kost, hrskavicu, rast mišić a i na metabolizam masti i ugljenih hidrata. U proceni redovnosti, bezbednosti i efikasnosti terapije hormonom rasta koristi se merenje koncentracije IGF-1 u serumu. Istraživanje je urađeno kao retrospektivno-prospektivna studija, a obuhvatilo je 80 pacijenata na terapiji hormonom rasta koja se kontrolišu i leče na Odeljenju za endokrinologiju, dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma Instituta za zdravstvenu zaštitu dece i omladine Vojvodine u Novom Sadu. Istraživani uzorak je obuhvatio 80 pacijenata, od kojih 35 dece sa nedostatkom hormona rasta, 24 dece rođene male za gestacionu dob i 21 devojčicu sa Tarnerovim sindromom. Svi ispitanici su praćeni od početka primene hormona rasta i tokom prve dve godine terapije hormonom rasta. U ovom istraživanju su praćeni auksološki i laboratorijski parametri u cilju ispitivanja odgovora na terapiju hormonom rasta. Praćene su bazalne vrednosti IGF-1 i promene nivoa IGF-1 u serumu tokom terapije hormonom rasta i korišćene da bi se ispitao odgovor na terapiju hormonom rasta, praćenjem brzine rasta, promena skora standardnih devijacija - SSD za telesnu visinu i koštanog sazrevanja. Ciljevi istraživanja su bili da se utvrdi povezanost vrednosti insulinu sličnog faktora rasta tip 1, brzine rasta i koštanog sazrevanja tokom terapije hormonom rasta. Takođe je poređena brzina rasta dece sa deficitom hormona rasta, devojčica sa T arnerovim sindromom i dece rođene male za gestaciono doba na terapiji hormonom rasta. U istraživanom uzorku, dvogodišnjim praćenjem terapije hormonom rasta je postignut dobar odgovor na terapiju, među decom sa nedostatkom hormona rasta je 71,5% postiglo normalnu telesnu visinu (±2 SSDTV) posle dve godine terapije hormonom rasta, 79,2% dece rođene male za gestacionu dob i 42,9% devojčica sa Tarnerovim sindromom. Značajna zastupljenost dece prepubertetskog uzrasta na početku terapije hormonom rasta, među decom sa nedostatkom hormona rasta 77,2%, među decom rođenom malom za gestacionu dob 79,1% i među devojčicama sa Tarnerovim sindromom 90,5% što je značajno uticalo na uspešnost terapije. Tokom terapije hormonom rasta je utvrđeno povećanje brzine rasta i SSD TV kod sve tri grupe ispitanika. U sve tri grupe ispitanika je tokom terapije hormonom rasta utvrđen porast nivoa IGF-1 seruma i SSDIGF-1 i ubrzanje koštanog sazrevanja tokom terapije hormonom rasta. Za prvih šest meseci terapije nema statistički značajnih razlika među grupama u brzini rasta (p>0,05), dok je za period prve i druge godine terapije hormonom rasta utvrđeno da postoji statistički značajna razlika među grupama (p<0,05), da je brzina rasta kod devojčica za Tarnerovim sindromom statistički značajno manja i od brzine rasta kod dece sa nedostatkom hormona rasta (p <0,05), i od brzine rasta kod dece rođene male za gestacionu dob (p<0,05). Među decom sa nedostatkom hormona rasta i dece rođene male za gestacionu dob nema statistički značajne razlike u brzini rasta (p>0,5). U ovom istraživanju je praćenjem auskoloških i laboratrijskih parametara tokom dvogodišnje primene hormona rasta, konstruisano više matematičkih modela za predviđanje odgovora na terapiju hormona rasta koji su statistički veoma značajani sa visokim koeficijentom višestruke linearne korelacije. U ovom istraživanju nije dobijena statistički značajna korelacija izmedju nivoa promene IGF-1 i brzine rasta za ceo uzorak, kao ni za decu sa nedostatkom hormona rasta, decu rođenu malu za gestacionu dob i devojčice za Tarnerovim sindromom. Nije dobijena statistički značajna korelacija izmedju nivoa promene IGF-1 i ubrzanja koštanog sazrevanja za ceo uzorak i za tri grupe pacijenata.Growth hormone plays a key role in many physiological processes. The anabolic effects, the stimulation of growth of the long bones and the regulation of gene transcription in the target cells are mediated mainly via mitogenic polypeptide and insulin-like growth factor type 1 (insulin like growth factor 1-IGF-1). Growth hormone induces the production of IGF-1 in the liver, which interacts with receptors of the target organs inducing growth, that is, IGF-1 mediates all the stimulating effects of growth hormone on bone, cartilage, muscle growth and the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. In assessing the regularity, safety and efficacy of growth hormone therapy, measuring the concentration of IGF-1 in serum is used. The survey was conducted as a retrospective-prospective study and involved 80 patients treated with growth hormone, monitored and treated at the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, at the Institute for Health Protection of Children and Youth of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. Investigated sample included 80 patients, of whom 35 children have growth hormone deficiency, 24 children were born small for gestational age and 21 girls with Turner syndrome. All the patients were monitored from the beginning of the administration of growth hormone and during the first two years of growth hormone therapy. In this study, auxological and laboratory parameters were monitored for the purpose of examining the response to treatment of growth hormone. The basal values of IGF-1 and changes in IGF-1 levels in serum, along with monitoring the rate of growth velocity and recent changes in standard deviation - SSD for body height and bone maturation, were monitored during growth hormone therapy and used for the evaluation of the response to growth hormone therapy. The objectives of the study were to determine the correlation of insulin-like growth factor type 1 values, the growth velocity and maturation of bone during growth hormone therapy. Also, the growth velocity in children with growth hormone deficiency was compared with the growth velocity in girls with Turner syndrome and in children born small for gestational age while treated with growth hormone. Two-year monitoring of growth hormone therapy in the study sample has show n good response to therapy. 71.5% of children with growth hormone deficiency, 79.2% of children born small for gestational age, and 42.9% of girls with Turner syndrome achieved normal body height (± 2 SSDTV) after two years of growth hormone therapy. There was a significant share of children at prepubertal age at the beginning of growth hormone therapy: 77.2% of children with growth hormone deficiency, 79.1% of children born small for gestational age and 90.5% of girls with Turner syndrome, which significantly influenced the success of the therapy. During the growth hormone therapy there was an increase of growth velocity and SSD TV in all three groups of children. An increase in levels of IGF-1 serum and SSDIGF-1 and acceleration of bone maturation were determined in all three groups of patients during growth hormone therapy. For the first six months of therapy there was no statistically significant difference between groups in growth velocity (p> 0.05), while the period of the first and second year of growth hormone therapy showed a statistically significant difference between groups (p <0.05). The growth velocity in girls with Turner syndrome was significantly lower than the growth velocity in children with growth hormone deficiency (p <0.05) and in children born small for gestational age (p <0.05). Between children with growth hormone deficiency and children born small for gestational age there was no statistically significant difference in growth velocity (p> 0.5). By monitoring auxological and laboratory parameters during the two years of application of growth hormone, several highly statistically significant mathematical models for predicting the response to treatment of growth hormone were constructed in this study with a high coefficient of multiple linear correlation. In this study, there was no statistically significant correlation between the level of change in IGF-1 and growth velocity for the entire sample, as well as for children with growth hormone deficiency, children born small for gestational age and girls for Turner syndrome. There was no statistically significant correlation between the level of change in IGF-1 and acceleration of bone maturation for the entire sample and for the three groups of patients.
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Teng, Yan, and 滕雁. "Rasta resin-supported reagents and catalysts." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46934297.
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Sandra, Jovanović. "Uloga inhibitora vaskularnog endotelnog faktora rasta u terapiji dijabetičnog makularnog edema." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=91828&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Dijabetesna retinopatija je među vodećim uzročnicima stečenog slepila, kako u razvijenim zemljama, tako i zemljama u razvoju. Dijabetesna retinopatija je jedna odnajčešćih komplikacija Dijabetes Mellitus-a. U sklopu dijabetesne retinopatije jedan od najranijih razloga koji dovodi do pada vidne oštrine je dijabetični makularni edem (DME). Pad vidne oštrine kod pacijenata sa dijabetesom narušava njihov kvalitet života i umanjuje radnu sposobnost. Dosadašnji oblik lečenja laserfotokoaguacijom makule, nije dao zadovoljavajuće rezultate. U novije vreme sve više je zastupljeno farmakološko lečenje edema koje podrazumeva intrvitrealnu aplikaciju lekova iz grupe inhibitora vaskularnog endotelnog faktora rasta (VEGF inhibitori), koji dovodi do stabilizacije zidova krvnih sudova. Cilj ove studije je da se ispita efikasnost lečenja DME uz pomoć intravitrealno aplikovanih lekova iz grupe inhibitora vaskularnog endotelnog faktora rasta u odnosu na konvencionalno do sada priznato lečenje laserfotokogulacijom makule. Efikasnost lečenja je procenjivana na dva načina: anatomski, na osnovu smanjenja centralne makularne debljine izražene u μm, merene metodom optičke koherentne tomografije, i funkcionalno, na osnovu poboljšanja vidne oštrine koja je izražavana u log MAR jedinicama. U ovoj prospektivnoj, randomiziranoj kliničkoj studiji sa minimumom praćenja od 6 meseci, u eksperimentalnoj grupi tretiran je 51 pacijent,odnosno 84 oka aplikacijom bevacizumaba (anti VEGF agens) u dozi od 1,25 mg, sa ili bez dodatnog laser tretmana. Uz prosečno 2,46 inekcije postignuta je prosečna redukcija centralne makularne debljine od 139,15 μm. Dobijene vrednosti su nakon svake aplikovane doze su značajno bolje u odnosu na početnu. Edemi sa većom centralnom makularnom debljinom su zahtevali tretman sa većim brojem inekcija. Kod većih edema je postignuta i veća redukcija centralne makularne debljine. U odnosu na vidnu oštrinu u eksperimentalnoj grupi postignuto je poboljšanje od 0,135 log MAR jedinica. Efekat lasera kao samostalne terapije u kontrolnoj grupi (50 pacijenata, 92 oka) nije bioznačajan ni u pogledu smanjenja centralne makularne debljine kao ni na osnovu poboljšnja vidne oštrine. Tretman bevacizumabom samostalno ili u kombinaciji sa laserom je efikasniji u tretmanu DME u odnosu na konvencionalni tretman laserfotokoaguacijom koji potvrđeno dovodi do stabilizacije stanja. Značaj ove studije je potvrda efikasnosti i bezbednosti jednog novog oblika lečenja koji samostalno ili u kombinaciji sa laser tretmanom predstavlja novi protokol lečenja dijabetičnog makularnog edema.Diabetic retinopathy is among the leading causes of acquired blindness in developed countries, as well as in developing countries. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most frequent Diabetes Mellitus complications. Within diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the earliest causes of the loss of visual acuity. Impaired vision causes decline in life quality in diabetic patients and it decreases theirworking ability. Up to this date, laser photocoagulation treatment has not givensatisfactory results. Recently, new promising treatment forms have emerged, including the intravitreal application of vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF inhibitors), which lead to stabilization of the vessel wall. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of DME treatment consisting of intravitreal VEGF inhibitor application alone or as a part of combined treatment (intravitreal VEGF inhibitor plus laser photocoagulation) compared with conventional laser treatment alone. The effect of treatment was evaluated according to morphological parameters by measuring central macular thickness (CMT) in μm with optical coherence tomography, and according to functional parameter by visual acuity in log MAR scale. In this prospective randomized clinical trial, with minimum follow up of 6 months, in experimental group 51 patient, or 84 eyes were treated with bevacizumab (VEGF inhibitor) in 1.25 mg dosage, alone or in combination with laser. The mean reduction in was 139.15 μm, which was achieved with 2.46 doses on average. The difference between the final and initial CMT values after each dos age was tatistically significant.Edemas with high central macular thickness required high number of intravitealaplicatons and the reduction was higher. In our study, mean visual acuity improved significantly in 0.135 log MAR. In control group (50 patient, 92 eyes) treated with laserphotocolagulation alone, the effect on visual acuity and central acular thickness was not statistically significant. The treatment with bevacizumab alone or in combinedtreatment is more effective in treating DME than conventional macular laser treatment alone, from both - anatomical and functional perspective. The importance of this study is confirmation of the efficacy and safety of a new form of treatment and the introduction of a new protocol for the treatment of diabetic macular edema.
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Dragana, Bjelić. "Karakterizacija i efektivnost bakterija promotora biljnog rasta izolovanih iz rizosfere kukuruza." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=87676&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Korisni mikroorganizmi ili mikroorganizmi promotori biljnog rasta (PGPM) ispoljavaju efekat na rast i razviće biljaka azotofiksacijom, mobilizacijom hraniva (N, P, Fe) u zemljištu i produkcijom fitohormona te na taj način stimulišu rast biljaka, povećavaju prinos i štite biljke od patogena. Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je da se izvrši karakterizacija bakterija izolovanih iz rizosfere kukuruza, inokulacija semena kukuruza odabranim izolatima, ispitivanje efektivnosti primene pojedinačnih i združenih kultura izolata na mikrobiološku aktivnost u rizosfernom zemljištu, kao i na početni rast i razvoj biljke, sadržaj pojedinih hranljivih elemenata u biljnom materijalu i prinos kukuruza. Korišćeno je 50 izolata iz rizosfernog zemljišta hibrida kukuruza NS 6010 gajenog na zemljištu tipa karbonatni černozem (13 izolata roda Azotobacter, 16 izolata roda Bacillus, 15 izolata roda Pseudomonas, 6 izolata roda Streptomyces). Karakterizacija izolata obuhvatila je određivanje morfoloških, fizioloških, biohemijskih i PGP osobina. Inokulacija semena kukuruza izvršena je s osam odabranih izolata primenjenih pojedinačno i u smeši i to s tri izolata azotobaktera (Azb5, Azb8, Azb13), s dva izolata bacilusa (Bac9, Bac15 ), s dva izolata pseudomonasa (Pse1, Pse5) i s jednim izolatom aktinomiceta (Act6). U ogledima su korišćeni hibridi kukuruza NS 6010 i NS 6030 selekcionisani u Odeljenju za kukuruz Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, a efektivnost primene odabranih izolata na mikrobiološku aktivnost u rizosfernom zemljištu, kao i na biljku kukuruza, ispitana je u polukontrolisanim i poljskim uslovima. Brojnost mikroorganizama određena je metodom agarnih ploča, a dehidrogenazna aktivnost spektrofotometrijskom metodom. Uticaj izolata na klijanje semena ispitan je u laboratorijskim uslovima. Uticaj izolata na početni rastbiljaka ispitan je u fazama 3. i 5-7. lista merenjem visine i suve mase nadzemnog delabiljke. Sadržaj azota, fosfora, bakra i cinka u biljnom materijalu (nadzemni deo/list)određen je u fazi 5-7. lista kukuruza za ogled u polukontrolisanim uslovima i u fazi svilanjaza ogled u polju. Ukupan prinos zrna kukuruza po jedinici površine određen jepreračunavanjem prinosa po svakoj elementarnoj parceli. Najbolji efekat na brojnostmikroorganizama dobijen je primenom izolata A zb5, B ac15, P se1, A ct6 i smeše i zolata.Na povećanje dehidrogenazne aktivnosti najviše je uticala primena izolata Azb5, Azb8,Bac15 i Act6. Inokulacija je imala pozitivan uticaj na klijavost, visinu i suvu masunadzemnog dela biljke, sadržaj N, P, Zn i Cu u biljnom materijalu, kao i prinos kukuruza.Najbolji efekat na visinu i masu nadzemnog dela biljke u polukontrolisanim uslovimautvrđen je sa izolatima azotobaktera, Bac15 i Pse1, dok je u poljskim uslovima najvećepovećanje ovih parametara dobijeno primenom izolata Pse5 i Act6. U proseku, najboljiefekat na prinos dobijen je primenom smeše izolata. Rezultati ovih istraživanja treba daposluže kao osnova za dalja istraživanja koja će omogućiti odabir visoko kompatibilnezajednice ispitivanih hibrida kukuruza i najefektivnijih vrsta PGPM u cilju proizvodnjemikrobiološkog preparata kojim bi se ostvario veći prinos i omogućilo održavanje ipovećanje plodnosti zemljišta. Beneficial or plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) exert effect on plant growth and development through nitrogen fixation, mobilization of nutrients (N, P, Fe) in soil and production of phytohormones and thereby stimulate plant growth, increase yield and reduce pathogen infection. The aim of this study was to perform characterization of bacteria isolated from maize rhizosphere, inoculation of maize seeds with selected isolates, testing the effectiveness of single and co-inoculation on microbial activity in rhizosphere, as well as on initial growth and development of plants, content of some nutrients in plant material and yield of maize. 50 isolates from rhizosphere of maize hybrid NS 6010 grown on calcareous chernozem soil (13 isolates of the genus Azotobacter, 16 isolates of Bacillus, 15 isolates of Pseudomonas, 6 isolates of Streptomyces) were used. Characterization of isolates included determination of morphological, physiological, biochemical and PGP traits. Inoculation of maize seeds was carried out with eight selected strains applied individually and in mixture, and that with three isolates of Azotobacter (Azb5, Azb8, Azb13), two isolates of Bacillus (Bac9, Bac15), two isolates of Pseudomonas (Pse1, Pse5) and one isolate of Streptomyces (Act6). The experimental objects were maize hybrids NS 6010 and NS 6030 developed at Maize Department, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, and the effectiveness of selected isolates on microbial activity in rhizosphere, as well as on maize plant, was tested in semi-controlled and field conditions. The number of microorganisms was determined by agar plates method, and dehydrogenase activity by spectrophotometric method. Effect of isolates on maize seed germination was tested in the laboratory. The effect of isolates on initial plant growth was tested at 3 and 5-7 leaf stages by measuring height and dry weight of above ground plant parts. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, copper and zinc in plant material (above ground part/leaf) were determined at 5-7 leaf stage for experiment in semi-controlled conditions and at silking stage for field trial. Thetotal grain yield per unit area is determined by recalculating yield for each elementaryplot. The best effect on the number of microorganisms was obtained by applying Azb5,Bac15, Pse1, Act6 and mixtures of isolates. The largest increase in dehydrogenase activitywas achieved with isolates Azb5, Azb8, Bac15 and Act6. Inoculation had a positive impacton germination, height and dry weight of above ground part of the plant, the content ofN, P , Z n and C u i n p lant material, as well as the yield of maize. The best effect on theheight and weight of above ground part of the plant in semi-controlled conditions wasachieved with isolates of azotobacters, Bac15 and Pse1, while in field conditions thelargest increase in these parameters was obtained with isolates Pse5 and Act6. On average,the best effect on yield was obtained by using a mixture of isolates. The results of thisstudy should be the basis for further research which would allow the selection of highlycompatible community of maize hybrids and the most effective strains of PGPM and beused in the production of microbial preparations in order to achieve higher yields andfacilitate the maintenance and increase fertility of soil.
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Dragana, Stamenov. "Karakterizacija mikoroorganizama promotora rasta i njihovo preživljavanje u rizosferi engleskog ljulja." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/579:573.4:631.559(043.3).
Full textAbstract:
PGP mikroorganizmi (Plant Growth Promoting) su predmet mnogobrojnih istraživanja, čiji je glavni cilj pronalaženje adekvatnog načina njihove primene u poljoprivredi, hortikulturi, šumarstvu i zaštititi životne sredine. Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je izolacija i karakterizacija mikroorganizama sa PGP svojstvima iz rizosfere engleskog ljulja, ispitivanje sposobnosti njihovog preživljavanja nakon unošenja u zemljište, kao i praćenje uticaja njihove primene na parametre prinosa i mikrobiološku aktivnost u rizosferi biljke. Karakterizacija izolata roda Pseudomonas, Bacillus i Streptomyces obuhvatila je određivanje fizioloških, biohemijskih i PGP osobina. Uticaj introdukcije odabranih izolata i gljive Trichoderma asperellum na brojnost i mikrobiološku aktivnost u rizosferi engleskog ljulja, određivan je standardnim metodama na selektivnim hranljivim podlogama, a dehidrogenazna aktivnost spektrofotometrijskom metodom. U laboratorijskim uslovima ispitivan je efekat primene izolata na klijavost, dužinu korenka i stabaoca klice semena engleskog ljulja. U toku godine, uzimana su tri otkosa i pri tome su određivani dužina nadzemnog dela i korena biljke (cm) i prinos zelene i suve materije nadzemnog dela biljke po otkosu (t/ha). Na osnovu morfoloških, fiziološko-biohemijskih, kao i PGP osobina koje su izolati pokazali, te na osnovu rezultata mnogobrojnih dosadašnjih istraživanja, može se zaključiti da izolati P1 i P9 pripadaju vrsti Pseudomonas putida, izolat P12 Pseudomonas fluorescens, izolati B1, B3 i B6 vrsti Bacillus subtilis, a izolati A1, A2, A3 rodu Streptomyces. Brojnost pojedinih sistematskih i fizioloških grupa mikroorganizama kao i enzimatska aktivnost u rizosferi engleskog ljulja, zavisila je od primenjenih inokulanata. Primena izolata Pseudomonas sp. P12 pozitivno je uticala na povećanje ukupnog broja mikroorganizama, brojnost gljiva, aminoheterotrofa i aktinomiceta. Izolat Bacillus sp. B1 uticao je na povećanje ukupnog broja mikroorganizama, brojnosti gljiva i azotobaktera. Primena izolata Streptomyces sp. A3 dovela je do povećanja broja aktinomiceta i oligonitrofila, dok je primena Trichoderma asperellum uticala pozitivno na povećanje broja aminoheterotrofa i azotobaktera. Primena izolata Pseudomonas sp. P12 i Streptomyces sp. A3 imala je najveći efekat na dehidrogenaznu aktivnost. Inokulacija je imala pozitivan uticaj na klijavost, svežu i suvu masu biljke, visinu i dužinu korena biljaka. Primena gljive Trichoderma asperellum i izolata Streptomyces sp. A3 delovala je pozitivno na klijavost, dužinu korenka i stabaoca klice. U proseku, najbolji efekat na prinos sveže i suve materije, kao i na visinu nadzemnog dela i dužinu korena biljke, imala je primena izolata Pseudomonas sp.P12 i Bacillus sp. B1.U proizvodnji krmnih trava mikroorganizmi još nisu našli značajniju praktičnu primenu iako je veći i kvalitetniji prinos jedan od ciljeva stočarske proizvodnje. Rezultati ovih istraživanja su pokazali da se primenom mikroorganizama mogu postići pozitivni efekti i u proizvodnji engleskog ljulja. Zbog toga je veoma značajno da se vrše dalja ispitivanja uzajamnog odnosa primenjenih mikroorganizama i engleskog ljulja u poljskim uslovima, kako bi se optimizirao način i vreme primene inokulanataPGP microorganisms (Plant Growth Promoting) have been the subject of many research projects, whose main goal is to find appropriate methods of their use in agriculture, horticulture, forestry and environmental protection. The aim of this study is the isolation and characterization of microorganisms with PGP characteristics from the rhizosphere of perennial ryegrass, testing their ability to survive after entering the soil, and monitoring the impact of their application on yield parameters and microbial activity in the rhizosphere of plants. Characterization of Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Streptomyces included determination of the physiological, biochemical and PGP characteristics. Impact of the introduction of selected isolates and fungi Trichoderma asperellum on quantity and microbial activity in the rhizosphere of ryegrass was determined by using the standard method of selective media; dehydrogenase activity by the spectrophotometric method. The effects of the implementation of isolates on germination, seedling length sprouts seeds of perennial ryegrass were studied under laboratory conditions. During the year, three cuttings were taken. At each of the three cuttings, length of stem and roots of plants (cm) and yields of fresh and dry matter of the plant (t / ha) were measured.Based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and PGP characteristics observed in the isolates, and based on the results of many previous studies, it can be concluded that (1) P1 and P9 isolates belong to the species Pseudomonas putida, (2)Pseudomonas fluorescens P12 isolate, isolates of B1, B3, B6, belong to the species Bacillus subtilis, and (3) A1, A2 and A3 isolates belong to the ordo Streptomyces. The quantity of systematic and physiological groups of microorganisms and enzymatic activity in the rhizosphere of ryegrass depended on the applied inoculants. Application of Pseudomonas sp. P12 had positive effects on increasing the total number of microorganisms, fungi, aminoheterotrophs and actinomycetes. Isolate Bacillus sp. B1 affected the increase of the total number of micro-organisms in the fungi and Azotobacter. Application of Streptomyces sp. isolates A3 led to an increase in the number of actinomycetes and oligonitrophyls, while the application of Trichoderma asperellum had positive impact on increasing the number aminoheterotrophs and Azotobacter. Application of Pseudomonas sp. P12 and Streptomyces sp. A3 had the greatest effect on dehydrogenase activity. Inoculation had a positive effect on germination, fresh and dry weight of plant, height and rootlength of plants. Introduction of fungus Trichoderma asperellum and Streptomyces sp. A3 isolate acted positively on germination, length of seedling of germs. On average, the best effects on the yield of fresh and dry matter, the height of the stem of the plant and the length of the root were attained by the application of Pseudomonas sp.P12 and Bacillus sp. B1 isolates. Microorganisms have not yet found significant practical use in the production of forage grasses, even though more qualitative yield has been sought in livestock production. The results of this study demonstrate that positive results in the production of perennial ryegrass can be achieved by the use of microorganisms. Therefore, it is very important to carry out further studies of the relationship between applied microorganisms and ryegrass under field conditions in order to optimize the method and time of application of inoculants.
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Milica, Milojković. "Uticaj darbepoetina alfa na broj glomerula novorođenih miševa sa intrauterusnom restrikcijom rasta." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=102330&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterusna restrikcija rasta (IUGR) se odnosi na stanje u kojem fetus nije u mogućnosti da ostvari svoj genetski potencijal za rast. IUGR je ozbiljan klinički problem i nedavno je povezan sa bolestima odraslog doba kao što su hipertenzija, insulin nezavistan diabetes melitus, dislipidemije i ishemijske bolesti srca. Eritropoetin je glavni regulator proliferacije i diferencijacije eritroidnih progenitorskih ćelija zahvaljujući svojoj antiapoptotičkoj aktivnosti. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita uticaj IUGR na bubrege, kao i uticaj eritropotina na bubrege sa IUGR. Eksperimentalna studija je sprovedena u gajilištu Pasterovog zavoda u Novom Sadu na 60 miševa rase NMRI. IUGR je izazivana aplikacijom deksametazona gravidnim ženkama. Po rođenju su mladunci bili podeljeni u sedam grupa. Mladuncima je u 1. i 7. danu života davan darbepoetin alfa (DA) u dozama od 1, 4 i 10μg/kg. Dve grupe su predstavljale potomke majki koje su tokom trudnoće dobile DA. Nakon 4 nedelje su uzimani uzorci bubrega i vršena je morfološka i stereološka analiza glomerula. Aplikacija deksametazona (100 μg/kg) trudnim mišicama dovodi do potomstva sa IUGR. Primena DA kod novorođenih miševa sa IUGR dovodi do bržeg porasta telesne mase u prvih 7 dana života („catch-up― rasta). Miševi rođeni sa IUGR imaju manju površinu glomerula bubrega. Primena DA nakon rođenja i u 7. danu života (4 i 10 μg/kg) kod novorođenih miševa sa IUGR dovodi do hipertrofije glomerula bubrega. IUGR nema uticaja na broj glomerula bubrega miševa. Primena DA nema uticaja na broj glomerula bubrega miševa. Miševi rođeni sa IUGR imaju manju debljinu korteksa bubrega. Primena DA (4 i 10 μg/kg) kod miševa rođenih sa IUGR dovodi do povećanja debljine korteksa bubrega. Davanje DA kod IUGR značajno povećava površinu glomerula i debljinu korteksa bubrega.Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to a condition in which a foetus is not able to achieve its genetic potential for growth. IUGR is a serious clinical problem, and has recently been linked with diseases of adulthood, such as hypertension, insulin-independent diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and ischemic heart disease. Erythropoietin is the major regulator of proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells, thanks to its anti-apoptotic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IUGR on the kidneys, and the impact of erythropoietin on the kidneys with IUGR. The experimental study was conducted in Pasteur Institute of Novi Sad on 60 mice of NMRI race. IUGR has been imposed with the application of dexamethasone to pregnant females. After birth, the pups were divided into seven groups. DA was administered to the pups on the 1st and 7th day of life (dose 1, 4 and 10 μg/kg). Two groups represented the offspring of the mothers who during pregnancy received DA. After 4 weeks, kidney samples were taken and morphological and stereological analysis of the glomeruli was performed. The application of dexamethasone (100 μg/kg) to pregnant mice leads to their offspring with IUGR. Application of DA to newborn mice with IUGR leads to faster weight gain in the first 7 days of life ("catch-up" growth). Mice born with IUGR have a reduced glomerular surface. Application of DA after birth and on the 7th day of life (4 and 10 μg/kg) in mice with IUGR leads to hypertrophy of the kidney glomeruli. IUGR has no effect on the number of kidney glomeruli. Application of DA has no effect on the number of kidney glomeruli. Mice born with IUGR have a reduced cortical thickness. Application of DA (4 and 10 μg/kg) in mice born with IUGR leads to increased thickness of the kidney cortex. Application of DA to mice with IUGR significantly increases the surface area of the kidney glomeruli and cortical thickness.
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Dragana, Tegeltija. "Učestalost i tipovi mutacija receptora epidermalnog faktora rasta u invazivnim adenokarcinomima pluća." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=100677&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Receptor epidermalnog faktora rasta (EGFR) pripada porodici receptora protein-tirozin kinaze čija je aktivacija povezana sa proliferacijom malignih, invazijom, inhibicijom apoptoze, tumorskom angiogenezom i metastatskim širenjem stoga ima važnu ulogu u karcinogenezi i tumorskoj progresiji. Aktivirane mutacije se odvijaju oko katalitičkog tirozin kinaza domena. Biopsijski, citološki i hirurški uzorci se koriste u detekciji EGFR mutacija u momentu postavljanja dijagnoze adenokarcinoma ili karcinoma sa komponentom adenokarcinoma, najpouzdanije lančanom reakcijom polimeraze. Činjenica da primena ciljane molekularne terapije tirozin kinaza inhibitorima kod obolelih sa EGFR mutiranim adenokarcinomom pluća poboljšava prognozu bolesti, postoji rezistencija kod pojedinih tipova EGFR mutacija i povezanost histopatološkim i imunohistohemijskim karakteristikama tumora, da je bronhološki uzorak često jedini uzorak u kome je potrebno odrediti i molekularni profil tumora osnovni cilj ove disertacije bio je da se odredi učestalost i tip EGFR mutacija i povezanost sa karakteristikama adenokarcinoma. Da bi se taj cilj realizovao postavljeni su sekundarni ciljevi odnosno da se: izvrši histopatološka reklasifikacija adenokarcinoma pluća na osnovu kriterijuma koje je postavila internacionalna asocijacija za proučavanje carcinoma pluća, američko torakalno društvo i evropsko respiratorno društvo; odredi ekspresija TTF-1 u adenokarcinomu pluća i povezanost sa EGFR mutacionim statusom; odredi učestalost, tip i povezanost EGFR mutacija sa predominantnim tipom adenokarcinoma i utvrdi da li bronhoskopska biopsija može da bude reprezentativni uzorak za određivanje EGFR mutacionog statusa. Histopatološka građa adenokarcinoma pluća u hirurškim uzorcima je heterogenija u odnosu na biopsijske uzorke i ta razlika je statistički značajna (p<0,001). Acinarno predominantni tip je najzastupljeniji u hirurškim i biopsijskim uzorcima bez statistički značajne razlike u raspodeli predominantnih tipova u njima (p=0,65883). Predominantni tip u primarnom tumoru određuje predominantni tip u limfogenim metastazama. EGFR mutacije tipa insercija na egzonu 21 i L858R mutacija na egzonu 20 su detektovane kod tri od 60 (5%) bolesnika u pet od 120 uzoraka (tri hirurška i dva biopsijska uzorka), češće kod žena, starijih od 60 godina, pušača i u solidno predominantnom tipu. Ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u koncentraciji izolovane DNK između EGFR mutiranih i wt EGFR adenokarcinoma u biopsijskim (p=0,132) i hirurškim uzorcima (p=0,641). Procenat invalidnih rezultata prilikom određivanja EGFR mutacionog statusa u je veći u biopsijskim uzorcima u odnosu na hirurške uzorke. Postoji statistički značajna razlika izmeĐu broja TTF-1 pozitivnih i TTF-1 negativnih adenokarcinoma (p<0,001), ali ne i u raspodeli ovih bolesnika prema polovima (p=0,1231), prosečnoj starosti, pušačkim navikama (p=0,6488) i prosečnoj veličini tumora (p=0,21). Postoji pozitivna korelacija između TTF-1 pozitivne ekspresije i EGFR mutacionog statusa stoga TTF-1 pozitivna ekspresija može da bude prediktor pozitivnog EGFR mutacionog statusa. Bronhoskopska biopsija je reprezentativni uzorak za određivanje EGFR mutacionog statusa zato što: većina dijagnostičkih biopsijskih uzoraka ima više od 100 očuvanih tumorskih ćelija, nema razlike u raspodeli predominantnih tipova u odnosu na hirurške uzorke, EGFR mutacije se detektuju u uzorcima sa manje od 100 tumorskih ćelija i manje od 20% volumenske gustine tumorskog tkiva, razlika između koncentracije izolovane DNK u EGFR mutiranim i wt EGFR adenokarcinomima u biopsijskim i hirurškim uzorcima nije statistički značajna (p=0,132 i p=0,641).Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the family of protein-tyrosin kinase family, whose activation is associated with the proliferation of malignant cells, invasion, inhibition of apoptosis, tumor angiogenesis and metastatic spread and thus plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Activated mutations take place around the catalytic tyrosine kinase domain. Biopsy, cytological and surgical specimens are used for the detection of EGFR mutations at the time of diagnosis of adenocarcinoma or carcinoma with an adenocarcinoma component, most reliably using a polymerase chain reaction. The fact that the application of molecular tyrosin kinase inhibitor therapy to patients with EGFR mutated lung adenocarcinoma improves the prognosis of the disease, there is resistance in certain types of EGFR mutations and connection with histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of tumor, that the bronchoscopic specimen is often the only specimen in which it is necessary to determine the molecular profile of the tumor, the primary objective of this thesis is to determine the frequency and type of EGFR mutations and their connection with the characteristics of adenocarcinoma. In order to realize this objective, the following secondary objectives have been set: to execute histopathological reclassification of lung adenocarcinoma based on the criteria set by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society; determine the expression of TTF-1 in lung adenocarcinoma and connection with EGFR mutation status; determine the frequency, type and connection of EGFR mutations with predominant type of adenocarcinoma and confirm whether bronchoscopic biopsy may be a representative specimen for the determination of EGFR mutation status. Histopathological material of lung adenocarcinoma in surgical specimens is more heterogeneous in relation to biopsy specimens and such difference is statistically significant (p<0,001). Acinar predominant type is the most common in surgical and biopsy specimens with no statistically significant differences in the distribution of predominant type among them (p=0,65883). The predominant type in the primary tumor determines the predominant type in lymphatic metastases. EGFR mutations in the type of insertions on exon 21 and L858R mutations on exon 20 have been detected in three out of 60 (5%) of patients in five out of 120 specimens (three surgical and two biopsy samples), more often in women older than 60, smokers and in a solid predominant type. There are no statistically significant differences in the concentration of isolated DNA between EGFR mutated and wt EGFR adenocarcinoma in biopsy (p=0,132) and surgical specimens (p=0,641). The percentage of invalid results in determining the EGFR mutation status is higher in biopsy specimens compared to the surgical specimens. There is a statistically significant difference between the number of TTF-1 positive and TTF-1 negative adenocarcinoma (p<0,001), but not in the distribution of these patients according to gender (p=0,1231), average age, smoking habits (p=0,6488) and average tumor size (p-0,21). There is a positive correlation between TTF-1 positive expression and EGFR mutation status and therefore TTF-1 positive expression can be a predictor of positive EGFR mutation status. Bronchoscopic biopsy is a representative sample for the determination of EGFR mutation status because: most diagnostic biopsy specimens have more than 100 preserved tumor cells, there is no difference in the distribution of predominant types in relation to surgical specimens, EGFR mutations are detected in samples with less than 100 tumor cells and less than 20% of volume density of tumor tissue, the difference between the concentration of isolated DNA in EGFR mutated and wt EGFR adenocarcinoma in biopsy and surgical specimens is not statistically significant (p=0,132 and p=0,641).
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Aleksandar, Čabrilo. "Mehaničke osobine i brzina rasta zamorne prsline u zavarenom spoju pancirnog čelika." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107385&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Cilj rada je bila izrada kvalitetnog zavarenog spoja pancirnog čelika.Zavareni spoj poseduje dobre zatezne karakteristike, kao i visoku energijuudara u metal šavu i ZUT-u, visoku otpornost na propagaciju prsline umetal šavu i ZUT-u. Osnovni materijal ima najveću zateznu čvrstoću,najnižu energiju udara, najmanju žilavost loma i otpornost na propagacijuprsline. Nakon balističkih ispitivanja ustanovljeno je da ZUT i osnovnimaterijal poseduju balističku otpornost, dok metal šava ne zadovoljavastandarde. Ispitivanjem gasne hromatografije ustanovljena je niskakoličina difundovanog i zadržanog vodonika u zoni metal šava. U skladusa tim se zaključuje da su parameteri zavarivanja, kao i dodatni materijalodgovarajuće izabrani. Na osnovu ispitivanja brzine rasta zamorneprsline, određen je preostali vek oklopnih vozila koja se prave odpancirnog čelika.The aim of this paper was to produce a high-quality welded joint of armored steel.The welded joint has good tensile properties, as well as a high impact energy inthe weld metal and HAZ, and high resistance to crack propagation in the weldmetal and HAZ. The base metal has the highest tensile strength, the lowestimpact energy and the smallest fracture toughness and crack propagationresistance. After ballistic testing, the HAZ and basic metals have been found tohave ballistic resistance, while the weld metal does not meet the standards. Gaschromatography analysis detected a low amount of diffused and retainedhydrogen in the metal seam zone. It may therefore be concluded that the weldingparameters and the additional material have been appropriately selected.Based on the study of the fatigue crack growth rate, the fatigue life of armoredvehicles was predicted.
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Ana, Tadić. "Uticaj preparata koncentrovanih faktora rasta na regeneratorne i reparatorne procese u postekstrakcionim ranama." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110072&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Ekstrakcija zuba je intervencija prilikom koje se zub vadi iz svog ležišta u zubnoj alveoli. Rana koja nastaje kao posledica ove intervncije je takvog oblika da njene ivice nije moguće približiti jednu drugoj , te zarasta per secundam intentionem. Ekstrakcija zuba ima za posledicu mnogobrojne promene na tvrdim i mekim tkivima alveolarnog nastavka u periodu od nekoliko meseci do godinu dana nakon intervencije. Savremena stomatologija se i dalje intenzivno bavi proučavanjem procesa zarastanja ekstrakcione rane iz potrebe da se što bolje razumeju promene u tkivu koje nastaju po gubitku zuba da bi se mogle prevenirati i/ili usmeriti tako da se omogući kasnija lakša protetska rehabilitacija pacijenata. Mnoge studije su pokazale efikasnost faktora rasta u tokom procesa zaceljivanja tkiva.Opisan je veliki broj tehnika za pripremu autolognih krvnih preparata koji sadrže faktore rasta, ali su njihova praktična primena i efikasnost su dalje nejasni zato što svaka od ovih metoda dovodi do izrade različitog produkta sa različitom biologijom i potencijalnim indikacijama za upotrebu. Ekstrakcije mandibularnog trećeg molara spadaju u jednu od najčešćih intervencija sa kojom se u svom radu svakodnevno sreću oralni i maksilofacijalni hirurzi. Ova hirurška procedura je povezana za postoperativnim efektima koji u velikoj meri utiču na kvalitet života pacijenta kao što su bol, trizmus, edem, infekcija i alveolitis. U literaturi postoje dokazi da aplikacija nekog od autolognog krvnog preparata sa visokim sadržajem faktora rasta u određenoj meri može da poboljša proces zarastanja tkiva i da umanji neželjene propratne pojave hirurške intervencije nakon ekstrakcije mandibularnog trećeg molara. Cilj ovog rada je bio da utvrdimo da li primena autolognih krvnih preparata sa koncentrovanim faktorima rasta ubrzava stvaranje koštanog tkiva u ekstrakcionoj rani, kao i da li utiče na učestalost pojave alveolitisa i pojavu aproksimalinih parodontalnih džepova na susednim zubima nakon hirurške ekstrakcije donjeg trećeg molara. Studija je sprovedena kao prospektivna klinička studija split-mouth dizajna. U studiju je bilo uključeno 30 pacijenata kod kojih je indikovana ekstrakcija oba mandibularna treća molara i kod kojih su ovi zubi bilateralno u približno istom položaju u odnosu na drugi donji molar. Nakon hirurške ekstrakcije u jednu alveolu je aplikovan preparat koncentrovanih faktora rasta. Kontrolnu grupu u istraživanju činilo je 30 zubnih alveola u koje nije aplikovan preparat koncentrovanih faktora rasta. U eksperimentalnu grupu spadalo je 30 alveola u koje su aplikovani preparati koncentrovanih faktora rasta nakon ekstrakcije zuba. Pacijentima je prvi obavezan kontrolni pregled zakazivan za 7 dana nakon intervencije, tokom koga su uklanjane suture, a vršen je i klinički pregled rane i parodontološkom sondom je proveravana dubina parodontalnog džepa na distalnoj površini drugog molara. Druga postoperativna kontrola je zakazivana 4 nedelje nakon intervencije, a treća nakon 8 nedelja i na ovim kontrolama je merena dubina parodontalnog džepa na distalnoj površini drugog molara. Ispitanicima su napravljena tri CBCT snimka operisanih regija i to po sledećoj dinamici- prvi snimak neposredno nakon ekstrakcije zuba, drugi 4 nedelje i treći 8 nedelja po intervenciji. Svaki CBCT snimak je analiziran da bi se prikupili željeni podaci: zapremina šupljine alveole koja je ostala nakon ekstrakcije zuba i gustina novostvorenog koštanog tkiva, što su parametri na osnovu kojih procenjujemo proces zarastanja koštanog tkiva nakon intervencije. Ova metodologija je originalna , obzirom da su do sada korišćene dvodimenzionalne radiografske metode snimanja sa ciljem praćenja koštanog zarastanja nakon ekstrakcije zuba manje precizne i pouzdane. Dobijenu podaci su obrađeni odgovarajućim matematičko-statističkim postupcima. Najznačajniji rezultati istraživanja su zatim tabelarno i grafički prikazani. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata došli smo do zaključka da iako primena koncentrovanih faktora rasta dovodi do intenziviranja procesa koštanog zarastanja i smanjenja dubine parodontalnog džepa na distalnoj površini susednih zuba, ta razlika nije statistički značajna. Obzirom da ni u jednom slučaju nije došlo do pojave alveolitisa, nismo mogli zaključiti na koji način primena koncentrovanih faktora rasta utiče na učestalost ove komplikacije.Tooth extraction is an intervention during which a tooth is removed from its socket. A wound that remains after this is of specific size and shape and it heals per secundam intentionem. Where once was a tooth, in following months and years, a large number of changes in composition of hard and soft tissues occure. Haeling of extraction wound in still in focus of contemporary dentistry, since it is imperative to understand all tissue changes in order to prevent and/or gide them and enable prosthodontic rehabilitation of the patient. Many studies confirm a benefitial effect of growth factors douring wound healing. A large number of techniques is developed to prepare autologous blood concentrates containing growth factors, like platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) , but their aplicability and efficancy are still unclear because each of these methods results in product with different biology and physical characteristics, as well as different potential indications. Third mandibular molar extraction is one of the most frequent interventions that oral and maxillofacial surgeon face in their everyday clinical practice. This procedure is usually followed by postoperative effects affecting such as pain, trismus, edema, infection and alveolitis. In contemporary literature there is enough evidence to suport beneficial role of autologous blood preparations in wound healing, and some authors even sugest that they can reduce incidence of postextraction complications afther third molar surgery. The aim of this study was to determin weather concentrated growth factors have beneficial effect on bone healing after tooth extraction, as well as their effect on the incidence of alveolitis and do they reduce pocket depth on distal side of adjacent tooth. This study was conducted as prospective clinical split-mouth designed study. 30 patients with both mandibular third molars indicated for the extraction, in similar position, were included in the study. On the same day surgical removal of both mandibular molars was performed, and in one socket PRF was placed. Patients were scheduled for a check-up and suture removals on the 7th postoperative day. During this visit, as well as after 4 and after 8 weeks, depth of distal pocket of the second molar was measured. CBCT was made on the day of surgery, 4 and 8 weeks afther surgery. On these radiographs volume of the bone defect was measured as well as density of newly formed bone tissue in the socket. This is original methodology, while previous studies used two-dimensional radiography methods in order to evaluate bone healing after tooth extractions, with less precision and liability. We processed and analyzed gained data using appropriate mathematical-statistical methods. According to our data we concluded that application of PRF in the extraction socket improves bone healing and reduces depth of pocket on the adjacent teeth, although this effects are not statistically significant. In our study, alveolitis did not occur neither in control nor in the experimental group, so we could not conclude if the application of PRF has any effect on prevention of this complication.
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Mladen, Radišić. "Portfolio investitori u evropskim zemljama u tranziciji: procena rizika i potencijala rasta tržišta." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20110711RADISIC.
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Doktorska disertacija odnosi se na analizu najznačajnijih kriterijumakoje posmatraju investitori prilikom ulaganja na tržišta u razvoju.Poređenjem šest evropskih berzanskih indeksa tržišta u razvoju isvetski najznačajnijeg berzanskog indeksa - S&P 500, dobijeni surezultati koji ukazuju da postoji značajnost u zavisnosti nivoa cena odkretanja na globalnom tržištu, a koja su posledica postojanjainternacionalnih investitora. Dobijeni rezultati mogu se koristitikao osnova za dalja istraživanja u oblasti od strane akademskezajednice, kao i od strane profesionalnih učesnika na finansijskimtržištima, kao pomoć prilikom donošenja njihovih investicionihodluka. Od posebnog interesa je mogućnost primene rezultata u vođenjuekonomske i finansijske politike Republike Srbije.markets investors. Comparison of six European emerging stock market indices and world’s the most important stock exchange index - the S&P 500, established a level of emerging markets price dependence on international investors with global market overview. The results obtained can be used as a basis for further research in the field by the academic community, as well as by professional investors in financial markets, to assist in making their investment decisions. Of particular interest is the possibility of applying the results in economic and financial decision making policy of the Republic of Serbia.
Books on the topic "RASTA"
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Sharma, Yagya Dutt. Chautha Rasta. Delhi: Sahitya Prakashan, 1985.
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Perry, Henzell, ed. Yes Rasta. New York: PowerHouse Books, 2000.
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Osborne, Laura. The rasta cookbook. London: Antillean, 1988.
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Mirza, Kamal. Manzil ate rasta. Patiala: Amarjit Sahit Prakashan, 1987.
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Osborne, Laura. The Rasta cookbook. London: Optima, 1990.
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I-Roy. Can't conquer rasta. [Place of publication not identified]: Radiation Roots, 2017.
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Leu, Christophe. King ston rasta. Saint-Romuald, QC: Productions d'Oz, 2007.
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Mohani, Iffat. Rasta phulon ka. Lucknow: Nasim Book Depot, 1987.
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Zephaniah, Benjamin. Rasta time in Palestine. Liverpool: Shakti Publishing Ltd, 1990.
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Kumar, Anil. Madhyam Marg:Safalta Ka Rasta. New Delhi: Krantz Publications, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "RASTA"
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Kaur, Min. "Lumbah Rasta (A Long Journey)." In Ruptures, 211–24. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-446-8_18.
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Reyntjens, Steve, and Robert Puers. "RASTA: the Real-Acceleration-for-Self-Test Accelerometer." In Transducers ’01 Eurosensors XV, 434–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59497-7_103.
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Dobraunig, Christoph, Maria Eichlseder, Lorenzo Grassi, Virginie Lallemand, Gregor Leander, Eik List, Florian Mendel, and Christian Rechberger. "Rasta: A Cipher with Low ANDdepth and Few ANDs per Bit." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 662–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96884-1_22.
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Singh, Lavneet, and Girija Chetty. "A Comparative Study of Recognition of Speech Using Improved MFCC Algorithms and Rasta Filters." In Information Systems, Technology and Management, 304–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29166-1_27.
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Esposito, A., and E. C. Ezin. "Phoneme Classification using a Rasta-PLP preprocessing algorithm and a Time Delay Neural Network: Performance Studies." In Perspectives in Neural Computing, 207–17. London: Springer London, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0811-5_20.
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Pollock, Sheldon. "From Rasa Seen to Rasa Heard." In Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Sciences Religieuses, 187–207. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.behe-eb.4.00326.
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Duschinsky, Robbie. "Tabula Rasa." In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, 1923–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_515.
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Walrath, Robert. "Tabula Rasa." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 1469. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2865.
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Furnham, Adrian. "Tabula rasa." In 50 Schlüsselideen Psychologie, 164–67. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2379-5_42.
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Bainbridge, William Sims. "Tabula Rasa." In Springer Series in Immersive Environments, 35–53. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-904-8_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "RASTA"
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Hermansky, H., N. Morgan, A. Bayya, and P. Kohn. "RASTA-PLP speech analysis technique." In [Proceedings] ICASSP-92: 1992 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1992.225957.
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Veličković, Dragiša, and Jelena Veličković. "Kreativne industrije i razumevanje faktora rasta." In Sinteza 2014. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/sinteza-2014-282-287.
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Heinrich, Markus, Jannik Vieten, Tolga Arul, and Stefan Katzenbeisser. "Security Analysis of the RaSTA Safety Protocol." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isi.2018.8587371.
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Qiu, Zuochun. "ICA-based Rasta-PLP feature for speaker identification." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5691661.
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Golem, Silvia, and Andrea Begonja. "VEZA IZMEĐU ULAGANJA U OBRAZOVANJE I EKONOMSKOG RASTA." In 2nd International Scientific Conference - Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Management Koper, Slovenia; Doba Business School - Maribor, Slovenia; Integrated Business Faculty - Skopje, Macedonia; Faculty of Management - Zajecar, Serbia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2018.8.
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Jović, Zoran, Kosana Vićentijević, and Milenko Stanić. "ULOGA ODRŽIVE STOPE RASTA U UPRAVLJANJU KORPORATIVNIM FINANSIJAMA." In FINIZ 2015. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/finiz-2015-118-122.
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Aradilla, Guillermo, John Dines, and Sunil Sivadas. "Using RASTA in task independent TANDEM feature extraction." In Interspeech 2004. ISCA: ISCA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2004-643.
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Hermansky, Hynek, and Petr Fousek. "Multi-resolution RASTA filtering for TANDEM-based ASR." In Interspeech 2005. ISCA: ISCA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-184.
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Zhang Long, Zhao Yunxue, Zhang Peng, Yan Ke, and Zhang Wei. "Chinese accent detection research based on RASTA - PLP algorithm." In 2014 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Internet of Things (ICIT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaiot.2015.7111531.
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Benba, Achraf, Abdelilah Jilbab, Ahmed Hammouch, and Sara Sandabad. "Using RASTA-PLP for discriminating between different Neurological diseases." In 2016 International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies (ICEIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eitech.2016.7519630.
Full textReports on the topic "RASTA"
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Šipka, Pero. Deset godina rasta srpske naučne produkcije: ali šta je sa njenim kvalitetom? Centre for Evaluation in Education and Sciece (CEON/CEES), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/cees-2017-01.
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Myrick, T. E., B. A. Berven, W. D. Cottrell, W. A. Goldsmith, and F. F. Haywood. Procedures manual for the ORNL Radiological Survey Activities (RASA) Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6598530.
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Lomax, James, Ji Ahn, and Lester Shewmake. A Breakdown, Application, and Evaluation of the Resiliency Analysis Support Tool (RAST) from the Operator's Perspective. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585533.
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Mezo Ortiz, Jon Ander. GEOMORFOLOGÍA CUATERNARIA Y PROCESOS ACTIVOS EN URIBE KOSTA OCCIDENTAL (VIZCAYA). Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Geólogos, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21028/jmo.2021.04.14.
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Este estudio geomorfológico se ha centrado en la sección occidental del área de Uribe Kosta (Vizcaya), entre los municipios de Plentzia y Getxo, dentro del dominio del Arco Vasco en la Cuenca Vasco-Cantábrica. Se han diferenciado un sistema morfogenético litoral, incluyendo acantilados y plataforma de abrasión junto con las playas y superficies de rasa; un sistema morfogenético eólico, en el cual se incluyen una serie de depósitos de dunas colgadas (cliff-top dunes); un sistema morfogenético gravitacional, que recoge los procesos de ladera que se dan en los acantilados; y un sistema morfogenético fluvial, que abarca la red fluvial que actúa en la zona incidiendo sobre las superficies de rasa. Una vez caracterizados y cartografiados los sistemas morfogenéticos, así como la cartografía de las unidades geomorfológicas que los componen se ha establecido una secuencia cronológica relativa de la evolución geomorfológica del relieve a lo largo del Cuaternario y hasta el presente.
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Brown, J. R., M. Kasrai, G. M. Bancroft, K. H. Tan, and J.-M. Chen. Direct identification of organic sulphur species in rasa coal from s l-edge x-ray absorption near edge spectra. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304497.
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Sirait, M. T. Nasional di Son! Field test of the Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RATA) in the Batang Toru watershed, North Sumatera ICRAF Working Paper no. 44. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp15225.pdf.
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Sirait, M. T., Z. A. Saifullah, and I. L. Nurdin. Lesson Learned RATA Garut dan Bengkunat: Suatu Upaya Membedah Kebijakan Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan dan Redistribusi Tanah Bekas Kawasan Hutan ICRAF Working Paper no. 84. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp16387.pdf.
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Tanika, Lisa, Betha Lusiana, and Adis Hendriatna. Simulasi Dampak Perubahan Tutupan Lahan dan Iklim di DAS Citarum Hulu dengan Model GenRiver: Kalibrasi model dan analisa sensitivitas. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20048.pdf.
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Alih guna lahan dan perubahan iklim merupakan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi hidrologi di suatu Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS), dan yang dapat mempengaruhi efektifitas fungsi DASdalam mempertahankan keseimbangan neraca air di tingkat bentang alam. Oleh karena itu pengelolaan DAS yang didukung dengan perencanaan DAS terpadu yang juga mengatur peruntukan dan pemafaatan wilayah sangat diperlukan. Langkah awal dalam perencanaan DAS adalah dengan menilai kondisi fungsi hidrologi DAS tersebut dengat tujuan mengetahui apakah DAS mulai atau telah mengalami degradasi, atau sebaliknya mulai mengalami perbaikan fungsi DAS. Model simulasi seperti model Genriver dapat digunakan menilai kondisi saat ini serta memproyeksikan bagaimana dampak perubahan lahan dan iklim terhadap kondisi hidrologis DAS. Salah satu DAS penting di Jawa Barat adalah DAS Citarum Hulu sebagi bagian dari DAS Citarum yang telah ditetapkan sebagai salah satu DAS prioritas nasional. Kalibrasi model dan analisis sensitivitas menjadi bagian penting untuk mengetahui kelayakan suatu model hidrologi dalam mensimulasikan kondisi DAS, khususnya dalam mengestimasi neraca air di tingkat lansekap. Hasil kalibrasi model GenRiver dengan menggunakan data tahun 2012-2016 menunjukkan bahwa parameterisasi model telah berhasil dan model layak digunakan untuk analisa sensitivitas dan simulasi skenario. Hasil simulasi model, menunjukan bahwa secara rata-rata 37% curah hujan yang jatuh di DAS Citarum Hulu menjadi aliran permukaan (surface flow/run-off), 7% menjadi aliran bawah permukaan (sub-surface flow) dan 20% menjadi aliran dasar (baseflow). Analisa senssitivitas dilakukan dengan menyusun lima skenario tutupan lahan dan tiga skenario curah hujan yang dianggap mewakili berbagai kondisi yang mungkin termasuk kondisi ekstrim: yaitu keseluruhan lahan menjadi area terbuka (ekstrim negatif) dan seluruh lahan menjadi hutan (ekstrim positif). Hasil proyeksi simulasi ekstrim negatif menunjukan bahwa kondisi DAS Citarum Hulu yang terdegradasi dengan dominasi lahan terbuka berpotensi meningkatkan aliran permukaan hingga mencapai 70% dari curah hujan. Sedangkan perbaikan tutupan lahan DAS Citarum hulu dengan reforestasi (skenario ekstrim positif) mampu menurunkan aliran permukaan hingga mencapai 20% dari total curah hujan.
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Galudra, G., R. Nurhawan, A. Aprianto, Y. Sunarya, and Engkus. The last remnants of mega biodiversity in West Java and Banten: an in-depth exploration of RaTA (Rapid Land Tenure Assessment) in Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia ICRAF Working paper no. 69. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp15965.pdf.
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Water resources rata - Washington water year 2002. US Geological Survey, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wdrwa021.
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