Academic literature on the topic 'RARE TYPE MATCH'
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Journal articles on the topic "RARE TYPE MATCH"
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Cereda, Giulia, and Richard D. Gill. "A Nonparametric Bayesian Approach to the Rare Type Match Problem." Entropy 22, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22040439.
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The “rare type match problem” is the situation in which, in a criminal case, the suspect’s DNA profile, matching the DNA profile of the crime stain, is not in the database of reference. Ideally, the evaluation of this observed match in the light of the two competing hypotheses (the crime stain has been left by the suspect or by another person) should be based on the calculation of the likelihood ratio and depends on the population proportions of the DNA profiles that are unknown. We propose a Bayesian nonparametric method that uses a two-parameter Poisson Dirichlet distribution as a prior over the ranked population proportions and discards the information about the names of the different DNA profiles. This model is validated using data coming from European Y-STR DNA profiles, and the calculation of the likelihood ratio becomes quite simple thanks to an Empirical Bayes approach for which we provided a motivation.
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Cereda, Giulia. "Bayesian approach to LR assessment in case of rare type match." Statistica Neerlandica 71, no. 2 (March 10, 2017): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/stan.12104.
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Van Dorp, I. N., A. J. Leegwater, I. Alberink, and G. Jongbloed. "Value of evidence in the rare type match problem: common source versus specific source." Law, Probability and Risk 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lpr/mgaa002.
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Abstract In the so-called rare type match problem, the discrete characteristics of a crime stain have not been observed in the set of background material. To assess the strength of evidence, two competing statistical hypotheses need to be considered. The formulation of the hypotheses depends on which identification of source question is of interest (Ommen, 2017, Approximate statistical solutions to the forensic identification of source problem. (Phd thesis). South Dakota State University). Assuming that the evidence has been generated according to the beta-binomial model, two quantifications of the value of evidence can be found in the literature, but no clear indication is given when to use either of these. When the likelihood ratio is used to quantify the value of evidence, an estimate is needed for the frequency of the discrete characteristics. The central discussion is about whether or not one of the traces needs to be added to the background material when determining this estimate. In this article it is shown, using fully Bayesian methods, that one of the values of evidence from the literature corresponds to the so-called ‘identification of common source’ problem and the other to the ‘identification of specific source’ problem (Ommen, 2017, Approximate statistical solutions to the forensic identification of source problem. (Phd thesis). South Dakota State University). This means that the question whether or not one of the traces needs to be added to the background material reduces to the question whether a common source or specific source problem is under consideration. The distinction between the two values is especially important for the rare type match problem, since the values of evidence differ most in this situation.
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Cereda, G., R. D. Gill, and F. Taroni. "A solution for the rare type match problem when using the DIP-STR marker system." Forensic Science International: Genetics 34 (May 2018): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.07.010.
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Kazerounian, Milod, Jeffrey S. Foster, and Bonan Min. "SimTyper: sound type inference for Ruby using type equality prediction." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, OOPSLA (October 20, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3485483.
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Many researchers have explored type inference for dynamic languages. However, traditional type inference computes most general types which, for complex type systems—which are often needed to type dynamic languages—can be verbose, complex, and difficult to understand. In this paper, we introduce SimTyper, a Ruby type inference system that aims to infer usable types—specifically, nominal and generic types—that match the types programmers write. SimTyper builds on InferDL, a recent Ruby type inference system that soundly combines standard type inference with heuristics. The key novelty of SimTyper is type equality prediction , a new, machine learning-based technique that predicts when method arguments or returns are likely to have the same type. SimTyper finds pairs of positions that are predicted to have the same type yet one has a verbose, overly general solution and the other has a usable solution. It then guesses the two types are equal, keeping the guess if it is consistent with the rest of the program, and discarding it if not. In this way, types inferred by SimTyper are guaranteed to be sound. To perform type equality prediction, we introduce the deep similarity (DeepSim) neural network. DeepSim is a novel machine learning classifier that follows the Siamese network architecture and uses CodeBERT, a pre-trained model, to embed source tokens into vectors that capture tokens and their contexts. DeepSim is trained on 100,000 pairs labeled with type similarity information extracted from 371 Ruby programs with manually documented, but not checked, types. We evaluated SimTyper on eight Ruby programs and found that, compared to standard type inference, SimTyper finds 69% more types that match programmer-written type information. Moreover, DeepSim can predict rare types that appear neither in the Ruby standard library nor in the training data. Our results show that type equality prediction can help type inference systems effectively produce more usable types.
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Akdogan, Leyla, Ali Kemal Oguz, Tarkan Ergun, and Ihsan Ergun. "The Rarest of the Rare: Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia of the Superior Ectopia Type." Case Reports in Nephrology 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/742419.
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Crossed fused renal ectopia is a rare congenital anomaly of the urinary system where one kidney crosses over to opposite side and the parenchyma of the two kidneys fuse. Herein, we present an atypical CFRE case whose renal anatomy does not exactly match any of the already defined CFRE types. Both of the kidneys are ectopic with the crossed ectopic right kidney lying superiorly and fused to the upper pole of the left kidney. Renal arteries were originating from the common iliac arteries. A focal 90% stenosis was observed on the right main renal artery. The patient is borderline hypertensive.
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Rai, Preeti, Geetika Sharma, Deeksha Singh, and Jyoti Garg. "Rare presentation of mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children: Report of 2 cases." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 9, no. 04 (October 2017): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_95_17.
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AbstractImmune hemolytic anemia is characterized by clinical and laboratory features of hemolytic anemia with direct antiglobulin test (DAT) positivity. It could be autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), alloimmune, or drug-induced hemolysis based on the antigenic stimulus. Furthermore, based on thermal amplitude of autoantibody, AIHA is classified as warm (65%), cold (30%), and mixed (5%) type. Mixed AIHA is extremely rare in children and must be differentiated from warm AIHA with clinically insignificant cold agglutinins and cold hemagglutinin disease as their treatment is different. It may present as blood group discrepancy or cross-match incompatibility leading to delay in arranging suitable blood unit for transfusion. Therefore, a thorough immunohematology workup including monospecific DAT, indirect antiglobulin test at 4°C and 37°C, determination of thermal amplitude and titer is essential. We hereby present two pediatric cases of mixed AIHA presenting as ABO forward and reverse blood group discrepancy and cross-match incompatibility.
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Dobish, Mark A., David A. Wyler, Christopher J. Farrell, Hermandeep S. Dhami, Victor M. Romo, Daniel D. Choi, Travis Reed, and Michael E. Mahla. "Chronic Skull Base Erosion from Temporomandibular Joint Disease Causes Generalized Seizure and Profound Lactic Acidosis." Case Reports in Critical Care 2018 (September 27, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8795036.
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This report displays a rare presentation of lactic acidosis in the setting of status epilepticus (SE). The differential diagnosis of lactic acidosis is broad and typically originates from states of shock; however, this report highlights an alternative and rare etiology, SE, due to chronic skull base erosion from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease. Lactic acidosis is defined by a pH below 7.35 in the setting of lactate values greater than 5 mmol/L. Two broad classifications of lactic acidosis exist: a type A lactic acidosis which stems from global or localized tissue hypoxia or a type B lactic acidosis which occurs once mitochondrial oxidative capacity is unable to match glucose metabolism. SE is an example of a type A lactic acidosis in which oxygen delivery is unable to meet increased cellular energy requirements. This report is consistent with a prior case series that consists of five patients experiencing generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures and lactic acidosis. These patients presented with a pH range of 6.8-7.41 and lactate range of 3.8-22.4 mmol/L. Although severe lactic acidosis following GTC has been described, this is the first report in the literature of chronic skull base erosion from TMJ disease causing SE.
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Magee, M. R., and K. Maguire. "An investigation of 56Ni shells as the source of early light curve bumps in type Ia supernovae." Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (October 2020): A189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037870.
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An excess of flux (i.e. a bump) in the early light curves of type Ia supernovae has been observed in a handful of cases. Multiple scenarios have been proposed to explain this excess flux. Recently, it has been shown that for at least one object (SN 2018oh) the excess emission observed could be the result of a large amount of 56Ni in the outer ejecta (∼0.03 M⊙). We present a series of model light curves and spectra for ejecta profiles containing 56Ni shells of varying masses (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 M⊙) and widths. We find that even for our lowest mass 56Ni shell, an increase of >2 magnitudes is produced in the bolometric light curve at one day after explosion relative to models without a 56Ni shell. We show that the colour evolution of models with a 56Ni shell differs significantly from those without and shows a colour inversion similar to some double-detonation explosion models. Furthermore, spectra of our 56Ni shell models show that strong suppression of flux between ∼3700–4000 Å close to maximum light appears to be a generic feature for this class of model. Comparing our models to observations of SNe 2017cbv and 2018oh, we show that a 56Ni shell of 0.02–0.04 M⊙ can match shapes of the early optical light curve bumps, but the colour and spectral evolution are in disagreement. Our models also predict a strong UV bump that is not observed. This would indicate that an alternative origin for the flux excess is necessary. In addition, based on existing explosion scenarios, producing such a 56Ni shell in the outer ejecta as required to match the light curve shape, without the presence of additional short-lived radioactive material, may prove challenging. Given that only a small amount of 56Ni in the outer ejecta is required to produce a bump in the light curve, such non-monotonically decreasing 56Ni distributions in the outer ejecta must be rare, if they were to occur at all.
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Billeter, R., M. Messerli, E. Wey, A. Puntschart, K. Jostarndt, H. M. Eppenberger, and J. C. Perriard. "Fast myosin light chain expression in chicken muscles studied by in situ hybridization." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 40, no. 10 (October 1992): 1547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/40.10.1382092.
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We have studied the fiber type-specific expression of the fast myosin light chain isoforms LC 1f, LC 2f, and LC 3f in adult chicken muscles using in situ hybridization and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Type II (fast) fibers contain all three fast myosin light chain mRNAs; Types I and III (slow) fibers lack them. The myosin light chain patterns of two-dimensional gels from microdissected single fibers match their mRNA signals in the in situ hybridizations. The results confirm and extend previous studies on the fiber type-specific distribution of myosin light chains in chicken muscles which used specific antibodies. The quantitative ratios between protein and mRNA content were not the same for all three fast myosin light chains, however. In bulk muscle samples, as well as in single fibers, there was proportionally less LC 3f accumulated for a given mRNA concentration than LC 1f or LC 2f. Moreover, the ratio between LC 3f mRNA and protein was different in samples from muscles, indicating that LC 3f is regulated somewhat differently than LC 1f and LC 2f. In contrast to other in situ hybridization studies on the fiber type-specific localization of muscle protein mRNAs, which reported the RNAs to be located preferentially at the periphery of the fibers, we found all three fast myosin light chain mRNAs quite evenly distributed within the fiber's cross-sections, and also in the few rare fibers which showed hybridization signals several-fold higher than their surrounding counterparts. This could indicate principal differences in the intracellular localization among the mRNAs coding for various myofibrillar protein families.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "RARE TYPE MATCH"
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Barbillon, Pierre. "Méthodes d'interpolation à noyaux pour l'approximation de fonctions type boîte noire coûteuses." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559502.
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Cette thèse se place dans le cadre des expériences simulées auxquelles on a recours lorsque des expériences physiques ne sont pas réalisables. Une expérience simulée consiste à évaluer une fonction déterministe type boîte-noire coûteuse qui décrit un modèle physique. Les entrées de ce modèle, entachées d'incertitude, forment un vecteur aléatoire. Cela implique que les sorties que nous souhaitons étudier sont aléatoires. Une technique standard pour rendre possibles de nombreux traitements statistiques, est de remplacer la fonction type boîte-noire par un métamodèle d'évaluation quasi-instantanée l'approchant. Nous nous concentrons plus particulièrement sur les métamodèles d'interpolateurs à noyaux dont nous étudions la construction et l'utilisation. Dans ce cadre, une première contribution est la proposition d'une définition plus générale de noyau conditionnellement positif qui permet une vraie généralisation du concept de noyau défini positif et des théorèmes associés. Nous donnons ensuite, dans une deuxième contribution, un algorithme de construction de plans d'expérience dans des domaines éventuellement non hypercubiques suivant un critère maximin pertinent pour ces métamodèles. Dans une troisième contribution, nous traitons un problème statistique inverse en utilisant un métamodèle d'interpolateurs à noyaux dans un algorithme stochastique EM puisque le modèle liant les entrées aux sorties est de type boîte-noire coûteux. Enfin, nous proposons aussi, dans la dernière contribution, l'utilisation d'un tel métamodèle pour développer deux stratégies d'estimation et de majoration de probabilités d'événements rares dépen\-dant d'une fonction type boîte-noire coûteuse.
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Cereda, G. "Current challenges in statistical DNA evidence evaluation." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1272989.
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DNA profiling has become one of the most widely used techniques for human identification
in forensic science since its introduction in 1984 by Alec Jeffreys. Despite the common belief
that DNA evidence is a "damning evidence" which leaves no space for uncertainty, it actually
needs strong statistical models in order to be used as a support for particular conjectures. The
process which allows forensic experts to evaluate the statistical meaning of DNA evidence
is one of the most interesting domains of forensic science of the last decades. This thesis
started with the aim of building a statistical interpretative framework for a new genotyping
methodology, the DIP-STR marker system, conceived to deal with the problem of extremely
unbalanced mixtures.
While working on this project, we were confronted with the so-called `rare type match problem',
a very interesting open problem of forensic DNA statistics. The term refers to the
situation in which there is a correspondence between the DNA profile of a suspect and that
of a recovered stain, but this profile was never observed in a previously collected reference
database. The evaluation of such a correspondence is very challenging. This problem is very
common when using Y-STR markers or new genotyping techniques, such as DIP-STR markers,
since the coverage of the available databases is limited. Therefore, we started investigating
several statistical methods to deal with the rare type match problem. This led to the in-depth
study of other delicate methodological issues, such as uncertainty assessment, data reduction,
hybrid solutions.
As a closing loop to this Phd project, one of the discussed methods is proposed as a solution
to the DIP-STR rare type match problem.
Books on the topic "RARE TYPE MATCH"
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Archer, Richard. Breaking a Barrier. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676643.003.0010.
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Had Massachusetts legislators been aware of how many mixed marriages existed in their state (and in their region, for that matter), they may not have repealed the law. In their own lives they may have encountered or heard of a couple with mixed ancestry, but that would have been rare. Their experience reinforced the idea that people of African descent and people of European descent preferred to live among their "kind." Even if they didn't find each other physically repugnant, they still had no desire to intermarry. But observations and hearsay did not match reality. During the antebellum period there were at least 410 mixed marriages in New England, scattered through no fewer than 209 cities, towns, and villages. They occurred in all parts of the region and had distinctive characteristics. Their existence substantiated the fluidity of the construction of race (as evidenced in public records) and showed the complexity of New England types of racism and even its absence.
Book chapters on the topic "RARE TYPE MATCH"
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Ellison, Alexandra. "A More Mindful Approach to College and Career Counseling." In Leading Schools With Social, Emotional, and Academic Development (SEAD), 231–46. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6728-9.ch012.
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While social and emotional learning practices are now more common in American classrooms, counselors often have limited time and resources to devote to college counseling at all, let alone a type of counseling grounded in social and emotional awareness. The American School Counselor Association recommends a student-to-counselor ratio of 250 to 1, but the current ratio is 430 to 1. Few high school counselors have the rare luxury of only needing to focus on college and career readiness. They are up against pressures from parents, and sometimes administrators, who want to see more AP courses, higher GPAs, higher ACT and SAT scores, and more elite college acceptances. These pressures can blur a counselor's view of what is actually suitable for each individual student; this means the counselor needs to understand financial fit, social and emotional fit, and academic match for each college-bound student. This kind of holistic understanding of a student is the only way to restore a focus on student wellbeing to the college and career planning process.
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Fargue, Sonia, Dawn S. Milliner, and Christopher J. Danpure. "Hereditary disorders of oxalate metabolism: The primary hyperoxalurias." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Timothy M. Cox, 2174–81. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0237.
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Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are rare inherited disorders characterized by an increased endogenous synthesis of oxalate caused by a deficiency in one of several liver and kidney enzymes involved in glyoxylate metabolism. The excess oxalate is eliminated from the body by the kidneys. High concentrations of oxalate in the urine increase the risk of calcium oxalate deposition in the kidney (resulting in nephrocalcinosis) and in the urinary tract (leading to urinary stones). Primary hyperoxaluria is characterized by recurring calcium oxalate stones, presenting from early childhood to late adult life. Over time, deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in kidney tissue leads to kidney damage with progressive loss of kidney function. Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 is the most severe form with a median age at end-stage renal failure reached during young adulthood. Patients with PH type 2 and PH type 3 may show preservation of kidney function well into adulthood. Systemic deposition of calcium oxalate (oxalosis) can follow kidney failure and increased plasma oxalate levels. Diagnosis is made by DNA analysis of peripheral blood samples, or more rarely by enzyme assay of liver biopsy tissue. Treatment relies on high fluid intake, inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization, and, when required, urological procedures for stone removal. Some patients with PH1 respond to vitamin B6 treatment. Management of end-stage renal failure is difficult as dialysis, whether haemo- or peritoneal, cannot match oxalate production. Isolated kidney transplantation places patients at risk of recurring oxalate deposition in the graft in PH1 patients not responsive to vitamin B6. Liver transplantation, usually combined with kidney transplantation, is a curative treatment for PH1 but carries significant risks.
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"Cellular metabolism." In Oxford Assess and Progress: Medical Sciences, edited by Jade Chow, John Patterson, Kathy Boursicot, and David Sales. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199605071.003.0014.
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Cellular metabolism is divided into catabolism — responsible for converting nutrients into the energy sources and smaller molecules required for the chemical reactions of the body — and anabolism, which is the interconversion and synthesis of the molecules that maintain the body’s structure and function. This chapter examines the control of metabolism and the central metabolic pathways. Such control includes compartmentalization of metabolic processes and the cooperation between the metabolic activities of different organs. Metabolic control is important because metabolism must match the availability of nutrients to the demand for the products of the metabolic processes and both will vary over time. The synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), with its high-energy phosphate bond, lies at the heart of these central metabolic pathways. Most of the ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, but glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle) provide additional amounts. Of the nutrients entering the body from the diet, fat, glucose, and amino acids are the main fuels for cellular metabolism. The utilization of lipids, fatty acids, and ketone bodies is important in metabolism in addition to the key role played by glucose. Glucose is the fuel for energy production in glycolysis. It is also manufactured by gluconeogenesis and stored as glycogen by glycogenesis. It is important to know how different organs utilize different fuels and how energy production alters between the fed state and starvation. Amino-acid metabolism and coenzymes in amino acid oxidation are also important although some details, including the urea cycle, have not been covered here. Energy balance and the relationship between food intake and energy expenditure lead to the concept of body mass index (BMI). The BMI offers a quick method of quantifying the nutritional status of a person, and BMI values may be helpful in assessing the risk of, for example, obesity-related diseases such as type II diabetes and coronary heart disease. Cellular metabolism not only contributes to the medical sciences background to clinical reasoning, but there are also a number of identifiable, inborn errors of metabolism. While individually rare (with incidences of approx. 1–25 per 100,000 births), collectively they present a considerable number of new cases each year.
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Wilson, Eli Revelle Yano. "Producing Difference." In Front of the House, Back of the House, 23–52. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479800612.003.0002.
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This chapter shows how management structures a socially divided workplace from the back office. Chefs and dining room supervisors at Match, Terroir, and The Neighborhood channel workers into distinct types of service jobs based on socially coded ideals, and subject each group of workers to divergent supervisory practices. I argue that management’s strategic decisions regarding hiring, service protocols, and workplace policies adhere to an overarching logic of upscale service packaged with powerful race, class, and gender assumptions, as well as strategically differentiated service brands that nuance how each workplace is organized. Wilson shows how service brands shape the kinds of social relations and labor prospects that workers encounter.
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Szczurek, Tadeusz, and Arkadiusz Michalak. "Średniowieczne monety i pokrywka pojemnika na brakteaty / Medieval coins and the lid of a bracteate box." In Castrum Lubenov. Tragiczne dzieje średniowiecznej wieży w Lubrzy / Castrum Lubenov. The tragic history of the medieval tower in Lubrza, 183–213. Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo; Muzeum Archeologiczne Środkowego Nadodrza, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/lubenov2022.11.
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Twenty-two coins were found in the area of the motte-and-bailey castle in Lubrza; 13 of them are discussed in this article (the remaining are German emissions from the twentieth century along with an early Modern Era German dish pfennig). Twelve coins are from the Middle Ages (1–12); and specimen #13 is a copper disc without any trace of stamping. The numismatic material from the knight seat in Lubrza implies profound influence of the Brandenburg coinage from the Ascanian dynasty (expired in 1319) on the northern parts of Silesia. To the same category of emissions belong Anhalt and Saxon-Wittenberg denars (#8–9), including March of Brandenburg forged denar, most likely minted in the County/Duchy of Anhalt or the Duchy of Saxony-Wittenberg (#9). Interest is aroused by the regularly cut Prague groschen (#10), a very rare find of this type. Also, Teutonic coins appear rarely this far west (#11). However, the lack of a Silesian coin is intriguing. Specimen #12, suspected to be of Silesian origin, is probably a Neumark (New March) denar (Vinkenauge). The lack of domestic coins seems rather accidental; however, all finds in Lubrza are probably chance losses. The noticeably large amount of the Brandenburg coinage results from the Lubrza motte-and-bailey castle location close to the border. Substantial minting activity in the Ascanian period and the short-term affiliation of Lubrza to the March of Brandenburg in the first quarter of the 14th century also played a considerable role. In the present-day territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, no large bracteates (45 mm in diameter) have been minted, therefore, a fragment of a lid of a copper alloy box intended for storing small amounts of this kind of money is quite sensational. The box lid from Lubrza, probably made in the second half of the 13th century, is most likely of Meissen origin.
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Wei, Shuyi, Lei Zhu, Jingyi Guo, Shaobo Wei, Zhulin Shao, and Xiuxia Zhang. "Random Access Mechanism Based on Priority Discrimination in Internet of Things." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde221019.
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The prioritized random access mechanism has been researched in this paper. The current situation of large-scale node multiple access in the Internet of Things leaded to channel congestion and increased blocking rate. In M2M communication, there were a large number of nodes trying to RA. In this case, serious physical random access channel overload would occur, making it even difficult to access the network. Nodes spent a lot of time accessing the network, and even given resource management schemes could not guarantee acceptable end-to-end latency meet QoS guarantees. So, the traditional method has greater limitations in supporting different QoS in M2M communication, It would also have an unimaginable impact on the web, Therefore, it was necessary to propose a scheme to reduce the access delay while ensuring the success rate, The current priority-differentiated random access mechanism needed to consider how to match with the new features of M2M services. The reasonable random access scheme and efficiently manage the resource and allocated the channel were designed in the system where the traditional H2H service and the new M2M service coexist. The weights of different services were obtained by modeling and simulation. Therefore, by setting different threshold detecting preamble index matching service type and calling different back-off indexes to reduce the access collision, so as to optimize the random access mechanism. This study could make the node indicate its priority in the access process, and reduced the conflict and access delay. Under 5G communication technology, this solution would be widely used.
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Rosa, Juan, Matias Tajerian, Yael Zin, Mauricio Brunner, Natalia Lopez, Alejandro Gaiera, Matias Butti, et al. "Development, Implementation and Initial Results of CDSS Recommendations for Patients at Risk of Hereditary Breast Cancer." In MEDINFO 2021: One World, One Health – Global Partnership for Digital Innovation. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220092.
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Breast cancer represents 23% of all cancers diagnosed among women each year. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes related to the most frequent form of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, as well as other types of cancer. The aim of this work is to describe the development of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) for referral to genetic counseling in patients at increased risk of pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2, and to describe results during the pilot study implementation (from January 5, 2021 to March 5, 2021). To achieve integration and system interoperability, we used FHIR and CDS-Hooks within the CDSS development. A total of 142 alerts were triggered by the system for 72 physicians in 98 patients. Results showed an acceptance rate for the recommendation of 2.1%, which could improve using intrusive alerts in all of the hooks.
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"Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed." In Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed, edited by Stephen M. Bollens and Alison M. Sanders. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569599.ch2.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Pacific herring <em>Clupea pallasi </em>is a commercially and ecologically important fish with a sizable stock that spawns and spends its early life history in the San Francisco Estuary (SFE). Yet very little is known about the basic ecology of larval Pacific herring in the SFE. We undertook a 3-year field study (1999–2002), focused on winter and spring collections in two regions of the SFE (the Central and San Pablo bays), to address three objectives: (1) determine seasonal abundance patterns of larval Pacific herring in the two bays, (2) examine the diet of larval Pacific herring, and (3) evaluate the condition of larval Pacific herring in the two bays. Pacific herring were a conspicuous component of the winter larval fish assemblage in both the San Pablo and Central bays, comprising a maximum of 22.5% and 5.5% of total abundance, respectively. Larval Pacific herring abundance peaked in February or March of each year, reaching a maximum density of 2.53/m<sup>3 </sup>(San Pablo) and 0.52/m<sup>3 </sup>(Central Bay). Length frequency distributions suggested that at least 2–3 cohorts were produced each year, with some evidence that larvae were slightly larger in San Pablo Bay. Larval Pacific herring fed on a broad range of prey types, including tintinnids, copepodids, copepod nauplii, diatoms, and gastropod veligers. The unusually high proportion of tintinnids in the diet (87% by number in March 2001) suggests an important protozoan–metazoan linkage. Condition of larvae was assessed by analyses of covariance of a “growth sensitive” variable (i.e., body weight, anal body depth, or pectoral body depth) regressed against a “growth insensitive” variable (i.e., standard length). These results showed marked differences between the bays: in Central Bay, early (small) larvae exhibited better condition, but within San Pablo Bay, larvae exhibited a greater rate of improved condition with increasing age (size). This suggests the possibility of important differences in the Central and San Pablo bays as larval Pacific herring nursery grounds. Several areas of future research on the ecology of larval Pacific herring in SFE are recommended (e.g., coupling between horizontal and vertical distributions and advective flow fields, predation, and feeding dynamics on protozoan versus metazoan prey).
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Modarres, MohammadReza, and Miguel Almeida. "Application of the Computational Fluid Dynamics in Forest Fires Investigations for Mitigation of the Wildland-Urban Interface Fires’ Risks." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 533–38. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_83.
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Realistic modeling of the vegetation fires based on reliable data from laboratory experiments is a key factor in the prediction of the fire dynamics ‎behavior and its spread rate in wildlands. A robust understating of the fire behavior in different species can provide a pragmatic insight to take precautionary steps to mitigate the fire risks in Wildland-urban interfaces. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of ‎wildland fires ‎offers a considerably high load of information needed for engineers and policymakers. This paper addresses the numerical modeling of common Ivy (Hedera helix) and grapevine ‎(Vitis)‎ plants using the fire dynamics ‎simulation for the fire behavior analysis. Other species which authors have conducted experiments are Acacia, Apple tree, Arizona cypress, Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), Blueberry tree (Prunus Spinosa), Cherry Tree, Fig tree, Gum rockrose (Cistus ladanifer), Hydrangea, Kiwi tree, Leyland cypress, Lindens (Tilia), Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), Nerium oleander, Olive tree, Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii), Rhus typhina (Anacardiaceae), The Holly (Ilex Aquifolium), Thuja occidentalis (white cedar), and Wild Blackberry (Rubus Ulmifolius) shrub, in alphabetical order. The corresponding mathematical modelings of these experiments are being carried out by the authors. The current numerical study was performed using the NIST open-source FDS 6.7.7 code, developed by ‎‎the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with specific emphasis on the heat release rate from fires in different types of indigenous plants common in the Mediterranean climate, especially in Portugal. The validations of the numerical results are realized based on the observations from the ‎experiments conducted at the Laboratório de Estudos Sobre Incêndios Florestais (LEIF) by the authors. The large-eddy ‎simulation (LES) is used in these sets of simulations to close the turbulence equations in the low-Mach regime. The 2nd order accurate finite difference approximation scheme is used to discretize the governing equations on uniformly spaced three-dimensional staggered grids. The flow obstructions are ‎treated using the simple immersed boundary method. Comparing the results of the FDS with those from the practical experiments, it is concluded that mathematical modeling of the vegetation fires can provide reasonably accurate results based on the fuel’s physical and chemical characteristics along with operating boundary conditions.
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Moses, C. Warren. "History of the Children’s Aid Society Model." In Community Schools in Action. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169591.003.0010.
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The Children’s Aid Society’s concept of community schools came to life in February 1992 with the opening of the Salomé Ureña de Henriquez Middle Academies (Intermediate School [IS] 218) and the opening in March 1993 of the Ellen Lurie School (Primary School [PS] 5). These were the first community schools operated by The Children’s Aid Society (CAS) in partnership with New York City’s Board of Education. PS 5 is an elementary school whose students advance to middle school at IS 218. The model has evolved into a well-integrated, multidimensional community school involving CAS, the Board (now Department) of Education, and the parents and many other partners from the broader community. Before the two schools opened, several years were spent in preparation and planning. Initially, CAS surveyed New York City communities to identify those that would benefit most from CAS’s services. This was part of an ongoing effort on CAS’s part to examine its current programs in order to modify them to meet current social and familial needs. The survey led to the selection of the Washington Heights community, which was characterized by a large influx of recent immigrants, substantial poverty, large families, and a dearth of services. A more intensive study conducted by CAS in 1987 had documented the dramatic needs of families in this community and the shortage of services available to them. The school system ranked 32nd of 32 districts in nearly every category. The type of poverty that characterizes new immigrants was endemic: very low-wage jobs, two and three families sharing one apartment, and a reluctance to accept outside help. Washington Heights was the substance- abuse and drug-trafficking hub for the tri-state area and had the city’s highest homicide rate. Teenage pregnancy rates were also among the city’s highest. This community is not unlike those that CAS has traditionally served throughout its 150-year history. What was to be strikingly different was how CAS would address these problems. In setting out to plan a service model, CAS drew on its long and rich history of operating community centers in low-income neighborhoods.
Conference papers on the topic "RARE TYPE MATCH"
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Berger, Tom, Joseph Horn, and Mark Tischler. "High-Speed Rotorcraft Pitch Axis Response Type Investigation." In Vertical Flight Society 77th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16793.
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This paper presents a systematic investigation of high-speed rotorcraft pitch-axis response types, command models, and handling-qualities specifications. The investigation was done using two Future Vertical Lift-relevant rotorcraft configurations—a lift offset coaxial helicopter with a pusher propeller and a tiltrotor. Five response types were investigated, consisting of: a pitch rate-command/attitude-hold response type typically used for rotorcraft, a pitch ratecommand/attitude-hold response type using a higher-order command model based on the conventional airplane pitch rate transfer function, a normal acceleration/angle-of-attack hold response type, a flight path rate command/flight path hold response type, and a “blended” flight path rate command response type which varies the command model bandwidth based on stick input size. Designs of varying levels of pitch attitude bandwidth, flight path bandwidth, control anticipation parameter, and pitch attitude dropback were evaluated in a piloted simulation experiment conducted at the Penn State Flight Simulator facility using two high-speed Mission Task Elements. The results of the piloted simulation suggest that both the pitch attitude bandwidth and the pitch attitude dropback requirements must be met for Level 1 handling qualities. In addition, the current fixed-wing boundary for pitch attitude dropback appears to be too loose for high speed rotorcraft, and should be tightened to better match with pilot ratings. A set of recommended specifications and associated updated Level boundaries is provided in the Appendix.
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Koh, Yasuhiro, Mio Ikeda, Shunsuke Teraoka, Masayuki Ishige, Yuu Fujimura, Kazuo Takeda, Nahomi Tokudome, Yuichi Ozawa, Hiroki Ueda, and Nobuyuki Yamamoto. "Abstract 2223: High-purity isolation method of rare cells for molecular analyses using microfluidic chip type cell sorter." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-2223.
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Koh, Yasuhiro, Mio Ikeda, Shunsuke Teraoka, Masayuki Ishige, Yuu Fujimura, Kazuo Takeda, Nahomi Tokudome, Yuichi Ozawa, Hiroki Ueda, and Nobuyuki Yamamoto. "Abstract 2223: High-purity isolation method of rare cells for molecular analyses using microfluidic chip type cell sorter." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2223.
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Jenei, Bettina, Roman Manasipov, Hussein Almuallim, and Leonhard Ganzer. "Advantages of Automated Rock Type Adjusting History Matching Workflow Driven by Adjoint Approach with Sensitivity Analysis of Different Model Parameters and Saturation Functions." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212616-ms.
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Abstract During history matching, physical inconsistencies can be introduced and remain unrevealed. A rich parameter space can mimic the historical reservoir behaviour, possibly by sacrificing geological constraints. Improved geological consistency is proposed in this work using rock-type adjustments. Sensitivity analysis of the parameters which characterise different rock types is essential. This paper demonstrates the advantages and sensitivities of the rock-typing workflow when coupled with an adjoint-based approach through various history-matching cases. In order to analyse the effect of individual model parameters on the rock-type driven history matching workflow, three different realisations of a quarter of a five-spot model were created with nine simulation cases. The analysed and modified properties are the porosity, absolute permeability, relative permeability and capillary pressure functions. The rock-type adjusting workflow is based on a Mahalanobis distance calculation; the results are compared to the standard adjoint-based workflow. The history matching process is split into stages with corresponding objective functions, e.g. rate or pressure focus, where the switch is automatic based on preliminarily defined criteria. The rock typing workflow shows more favourable results than the standard approach. The success of rock-type adjustments (validation and correction) lies in preserving the correlations between different petrophysical properties. The automated rock typing workflow can indirectly adjust the relative permeability and capillary pressure through the rock type correction. The extended workflow's performance concerning the parameters characterising different rock types is analysed. The sensitivity analysis provides a comprehensive comparison of the significance of each model parameter on the rock type adjusting history matching workflow. The results subsequently conclude the necessity of rock type adjustments for achieving a better match in the dynamic results while better maintaining the geological constraints of the static model. Conclusively a "smart", well-constrained automation is beneficial for achieving maximum efficiency and quality in history matching. This paper reveals a comparison between the influence of each model parameter on the rock type adjusting history matching workflow through two different automated setup combinations. While monitoring the objective functions of the dynamic results, two geological consistency indicators were introduced. These are the Valid Rock Types (VRT) and the Valid Mahalanobis Distance (VMD), which objectively quantify the validity of the final model regarding the static model assumptions. The automated rock-typing workflow improves the quality and reliability of the history-matching procedure, honouring geological consistency. Moreover, it also enhances the convergence rate and accuracy of the match. It includes automation between the different history matching sequences, which improves finding the right set of model parameters. The results show the necessity of applying the automated rock-typing feature with complex models and demonstrate the degree of inconsistency produced by applying the standard workflow.
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Luong, Loc. "Rate Transient Analysis of Heterogeneous Unconventional Gas Reservoir Using a Fractional Decline Model." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205974-ms.
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Abstract In this study, an extended version of the fractional decline model is analytically developed for gas flow in fracture reservoir using the anomalous diffusion equation incorporated with the fractional calculus and equation of state. The model can represent the heterogeneity of complex fracture networks and can further be used to interpret reservoir properties by performing type-curve matching of flow rate and cumulative production from multi-fractured horizontal wells in unconventional reservoirs. To address the limitations of conventional planar fracture idealization, the hydraulic fractures in this present study are integrated with the fracture network, and the fractional diffusivity is solved for a horizontal wellbore. Upon establishing and solving the governing equation in the Laplace domain, the solutions are converted back to the real-time and space domain by performing numerical Laplace inversion. A set of distinctive type curves is generated on the basis of an infinite conductivity horizontal well model, considering early and middle times, in order to capture the heterogeneity of the fractal network in the reservoir model. Application of this new model is demonstrated through type-curve matching of two synthetic cases of simulation data obtained from commercial software; the cases cover orthogonal evenly and unevenly distributed networks. Results from these examples show an acceptable match between the fractional decline model and synthetic data and, hence, showcase the applicability of this model to capture the transient flow in heterogeneous fractured reservoirs.
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Lustosa, Alysson Bastos, João Paulo Holanda Soares, Iago Mateus Rocha Leite, Rilciane Maria dos Reis Ribeiro, and Olívio Feitosa Costa Neto. "SECRETORY CARCINOMA BREAST IN A YOUNG MAN." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1075.
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Introduction: Secretory carcinoma of the breast is a rare disease, accounting for approximately 0.15% of breast cancer cases. This entity was first described in a child in 1966. However, one of the largest case series with SEER data, encompassing a total of 190 patients, showed that the median age at diagnosis was 56 years, and it can affect both sexes, being much more common in women. In this same series, 58% and 40% of patients were positive for estrogen and progesterone hormone receptors, respectively. Most cases (86.86%) were well to moderately differentiated tumors without lymph node involvement. Older patients had a worse prognosis. In general, the secretory breast carcinoma has a more indolent course with excellent prognosis. The treatment is based mainly on surgery, followed by radiation therapy. The role of chemotherapy and hormone therapy in these cases is not yet well established in the literature. Parallel to basal-like breast cancer, the indolent clinical course as well as prolonged survival seems opposite to that of common triple-negative breast cancer. In most cases of secretory breast carcinoma, reaching a 92% positivity rate, there is a fusion of the ETV6-NTRK3 genes, activating aberrant cell proliferation pathways. Studies with NTRK inhibitors are being developed and will bring this therapeutic possibility soon. Due to the rarity of secretory carcinoma of the breast, notably in men, we report the case of a young man with this neoplasm. A.S.R., 20 years old, male, from Guaraciaba do Norte (CE), white, single, telecommunications technician, reported that he noticed a painless, small, stable nodule in his left breast in 2012. He did not seek medical help at the time. In June 2021, the patient suffered trauma to her left breast during a soccer match. After this event, she noticed a considerable growth of a nodule in the left breast, which became painful to palpation. He then sought medical attention in a health center and underwent an ultrasonography of the left breast in August 2021, which detected a hypoechoic nodular image, oval, with well-defined limits, and regular contours, measuring 16.1×9.6×13.7 cm, 1.8 mm away from the skin, without vascularization inside the nodule (CATEGORY: BIRADS 3); little amount of stromal and glandular tissue were observed. A core biopsy of the nodule, performed in August 26, 2022, showed atypical epithelial proliferation. Immunohistochemistry was compatible with hypersecretory atypical epithelial proliferation. After the diagnosis of secretory carcinoma of the breast, the patient was referred to the Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, a reference hospital in oncologic treatment in the North/Northeast of Brazil, where he underwent a slide review and immunohistochemistry, which confirmed invasive carcinoma of the secretory type of breast. Staging CT scans and bone scintigraphy were performed in September 2021. Chest CT showed a nodule with irregular contours and contrast medium concentration in the left breast, in close contact with the retropectoral musculature, measuring 19×10×12 mm, in addition to adenomegaly in the right axillary region (levels I and II), measuring up to 38×27 mm. There were no other relevant findings, with no evidence of secondary disease in the abdomen and bones. Investigation of right axillary adenomegaly with core biopsy continued and was negative for neoplasia. Histological picture and immunohistochemical profile were compatible with mixed lymphoid hyperplasia, follicular, and interfollicular. In December 28, 2022, the patient underwent a left mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy, which revealed a secretory invasive carcinoma, measuring 1.9×1.5 cm, grade I, lymphovascular invasion, and negative margins, no lymph nodes were involved, nipple with compromised dermis and intraductal extension. Pathological staging: pT1c pN0 (sn-). The patient is currently on adjuvant systemic treatment (chemotherapy) with good tolerance.
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Mamun, Abdullah Al, Chris Simpson, Tomiwa Erinosho, Dylan Agius, Christina Reinhard, Mahmoud Mostafavi, and David Knowles. "Effect of Plasticity on Creep Deformation in Type 316H Stainless Steel." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93587.
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Abstract The creep life and deformation behaviour of high-temperature steels can be significantly affected by the prior plastic loading. This effect is partly due to the generation of intergranular strains from the grain-scale elastic and plastic anisotropic deformation during plastic loading. This paper investigates the effect of these plasticity generated intergranular strains on the subsequent creep strain accumulation behavior in type 316H stainless steel. An in-situ synchrotron diffraction experiment was conducted at 550°C, where the sample was loaded incrementally to different magnitudes of plastic strain, followed by a displacement-controlled stress relaxation dwell at each of this stage. The lattice strains of 4 grain families were measured during these stages. It was found that the intergranular strains generated during the plastic deformation significantly affect the relative magnitude of creep strain accumulation in different grain families. A subtle but significant difference has been observed between the creep intergranular strain accumulation behavior and the plastic intergranular strain accumulation behavior in different grain families which can be used to interrogate the validity of any micromechanical models’ formulation for creep and plastic deformation. The macroscopic stress relaxations measured from the experiment were compared with the prediction from a novel crystal plasticity based micromechanical model developed in our group. A good overall match was found between the experiment and the model regarding the magnitude of stress relaxation after various level of plasticity. The experiments have demonstrated that the model requires further development to accurately predict the rate of stress relaxation and the micro scale lattice strain evolution during creep.
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Al-Rawahi, Hamza Salim Humaid, Dirk Jan Groenendijk, Johannes Maria van Wunnik, Dawood Ahmed Al Mahruqi, Diederik VanBatenburge, Volodimir Karpan, and Mohammed Al-Abri. "A Practical Capacitance–Resistance Model Approach to History Matching and Full Field Chemical EOR Forecasting." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211377-ms.
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Abstract Commercial application of chemical flooding requires understanding the performance of patterns already subjected to water- or chemical flooding and the capability to extrapolate this performance to new patterns. The conventional approach that relies on complex finite-difference models to obtain oil profiles is time-consuming and often unable to provide a good match on a well-by-well level. The workflow developed here instead starts from the well-by-well level, using a Capacitance Resistance Model (CRM) and oil response type curves to allocate gross rates and generate oil profiles between injector-producer pairs. These are then matched to historical performance and used for forecasting on a pattern and field scale. In the workflow, multiple patterns are analyzed simultaneously. The analysis comprises the following aspects: (1) Gross Rate Analysis: an iterative scheme is developed to calculate allocation factors between injector-producer pairs that match the measured injection and production history; (2) Swept Pore Volume Analysis: injector-producer connections are assigned pore volumes and properties such as heterogeneity and initial recovery factor at the start of the forecast period; (3) Oil Response Analysis: type curves are used to calculate oil production from each injector-producer connection to match historical oil production and predict future oil response under different development scenarios. The workflow was first verified against synthetic finite-difference models and a good match of gross rates and oil profiles was obtained. The allocation factors and pore volumes assigned to injector-producer pairs were comparable to the values obtained from streamline calculations and simulated tracer data. The workflow was subsequently applied to an actual brownfield development with 24 waterflood patterns, 46 polymer patterns and 2 alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) patterns. The historical performance of individual producers and patterns were well captured. Finally, the incremental recovery obtained from EOR was evaluated by comparing the performance forecast of existing EOR activity (NFA) with the waterflood baseline. The workflow produces comparable if not more accurate results than alternative methods in a fraction of the time. In addition, it provides good physical insights into the origin of the produced oil, making it especially suited for development optimization studies. The established workflow also sets the foundation for a generalized approach that can be applied for development and reservoir management of various chemical EOR applications.
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Momeni, Amir Farid, Robert J. Peterman, B. Terry Beck, Chih-Hang John Wu, and Naga Narendra B. Bodapati. "Effect of Concrete Release Strength on the Development Length and Flexural Capacity of Members Made With Different Prestressing Wires Commonly Used in Pretensioned Concrete Railroad Ties." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5736.
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A study was conducted to determine the effect of concrete release strength on the development length and flexural capacity of members utilizing five different 5.32-mm-diameter prestressing wires that are commonly used in the manufacture of prestressed concrete railroad ties worldwide. These included two chevron-indented wires with different indent depths, one spiral-indented wire, one dot-indented wire, and one smooth wire (with no surface indentation). A consistent concrete mixture was used for the manufacture of all test specimens, and the different release strengths were obtained by allowing the specimens to cure for different amounts of time prior to de-tensioning. Each prismatic specimen (prism) had a 3.5″ (88.9 mm) × 3.5″ (88.9 mm) square cross section with four wires arranged symmetrically. The prisms were identical except for the wire type and the compressive strength at the time of de-tensioning. All four wires were each initially tensioned to 7000 pounds (31.14 KN) and then de-tensioned gradually when the concrete compressive strength reached 3500 (24.13 MPa), 4500 (31.03 MPa) and 6000 (41.37 MPa) psi. Precise de-tensioning strengths were ensured by testing 4-in.-diameter (101.6 mm) × 8-in.-long (203.2 mm) compression strength cylinders that were temperature match-cured. The prisms were loaded in 3-point-bending to determine the ultimate bond characteristics of each reinforcement type for the different concrete release strengths. A loading rate of 300 lb/min (1334 N/min) was applied at mid-span and the maximum sustained moment was calculated for each test. Two 69-in.-long (175.26 cm) prisms, each having different concrete release strength, were tested with each of the 5 wire types. These prisms were tested at both ends, with a different embedment length assessed at each end. Thus, for each wire type and concrete release strength evaluated, a total of 4 tests were conducted for a total of 60 tests (5 wire types × 3 release strengths × 4 tested embedment lengths). Test results indicate that the concrete compressive strength at de-tensioning can have a direct impact on the ultimate flexural capacity of the members, and this has significant design implications for pretensioned concrete railroad ties. Results are discussed and recommendations made.
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Liesner, Karsten, Robert Meyer, Matthias Lemke, Christoph Gmelin, and Frank Thiele. "On the Efficiency of Secondary Flow Suction in a Compressor Cascade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22336.
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An experimemtal investigation in a high speed compressor cascade has been carried out to show the effect of different types of secondary flow suction. In order to get deeper insight into the separated three dimensional flow topology and to determine appropriate suction positions, numerical simulations are performed additionally for the baseline cascade. To obtain the flow solution, an implicit, pressure based solver, elaN3D (by ISTA TU Berlin), is employed in steady RANS mode, whereby the Menter SST-k model is used for turbulence treatment. Both investigations are conducted at Mach number Ma = 0.67 and Reynolds number Re = 560.000. The aerodynamic design condition is used. The examined cascade consists of NACA65-K48 type vanes. The experiments include measurements with four different types of suction geometries plus reference measurements. Total pressure and flow angle measurements in the wake show the flow deflection, total pressure loss and the rise of the static pressure of the cascade. The best suction geometry follows the design of R.E. Peacock, designed for low Mach number cascades, with small changes. Using a maximum suction rate of 2% of the main flow the total loss coefficient was reduced by 23%. In this case the stage efficiency — calculated with a reference rotor — is increased by almost 1%. The vacuum pump energy consumption has been taken into account for this calculation. In another case the suction geometry has been chosen in a way that the suction slot is placed along the sidewall from suction side to pressure side following the wall streamlines. With an increased suction rate of 5% of the main flow, the vortex system in the passage is eliminated and the total loss coefficient is decreased to 0.055, which equals to a decrease of 37%. Taking into account that compressors in aero-engines provide bleed air for the plane’s air system, enormous efficiency increase is possible. For this the air bleed valves need to be redesigned.
Reports on the topic "RARE TYPE MATCH"
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Harter, Rachel M., Joseph P. McMichael, Derick S. Brown, Ashley Amaya, Trent D. Buskirk, and David Malarek. Telephone Appends for Address-Based Samples— An Introduction. RTI Press, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0050.1802.
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Surveys with samples selected from an address frame derived from US Postal Service sources are often referred to as address-based sampling (ABS) surveys. For an ABS survey that is primarily conducted by mail, web, or face-to-face, sometimes it is helpful to have a telephone number corresponding to the sample addresses for setting appointments or conducting nonresponse follow-up prompts. The usefulness of a telephone contact mode in a mixed mode ABS design depends on both the percentage of addresses for which telephone numbers can be appended (append rate or match rate) and the accuracy of the telephone numbers associated with addresses. Before planning a telephone contact as part of a mixed-mode study, the designer should know the likely effectiveness of the approach. This paper focuses primarily on append rate information, with a discussion of accuracy rates. For a single ABS frame, telephone match rates vary by geography, address type, match vendor, and by landline vs. cell telephone number. Using very large samples of addresses from a total US ABS frame, we estimated state and national telephone append rates from Marketing Systems Group's sources. The append rates are summarized here and interactively at the website http://abs.rti.org/atlas/.
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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, Ryszard (Richard) Puchala, Terry A. Gipson, Zalman Henkin, Eugene D. Ungar, and Amit Dolev. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.
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Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and goats) over a wide range of ecological and management conditions to develop and evaluate simple means of prediction. In the first study in Israel, small frame (SF) and large frame (LF) cows (268 and 581 kg) were monitored during spring, summer, and autumn. Feed intake by SF cows per unit of metabolic weight was greater (P < 0.001) than that by LF cows in both spring and summer and their apparent selection of higher quality herbage in spring was greater (P < 0.10) than that of LF cows. SF cows grazed more hours per day and walked longer distances than the LF cows during all seasons. The coefficient of specific costs of activities (kJ•kg BW-0.75•d-1) and of locomotion (J•kg BW-0.75•m-1) were smaller for the SF cows. In the second study, cows were monitored in March, May, and September when they grazed relatively large plots, 135 and 78 ha. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and horizontal locomotion derived were similar to those of the previous study based on data from smaller plots. However, the energy costs of walking idle and of vertical locomotion were greater than those found by Brosh et al. (2006) but similar to those found by Aharoni et al. (2009). In the third study, cows were monitored in February and May in a 78-ha plot with an average slope of 15.5°, whereas average plot slopes of the former studies ranged between 4.3 and 6.9°. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and walking idle were greater than those calculated in the previous studies. However, the estimated energy costs of locomotion were lower in the steeper plot. A comparison on a similar HP basis, i.e., similar metabolizable energy (ME) intake, shows that the daily energy spent on activities in relation to daily HP increased by 27% as the average plot slope increased from 5.8 and 6.02 to 15.5°. In the fourth study, cows grazing in a woodland habitat were monitored as in previous studies in December, March, and July. Data analysis is in progress. In the first US experiment, Boer and Spanish does with two kids were used in an experiment beginning in late spring at an average of 24 days after kidding. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. Periods of 56, 60, 63, 64, and 73 days in length corresponded to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation, and mid-gestation. EEa expressed as a percentage of the ME requirement for maintenance plus activity in confinement (EEa%) was not influenced by stocking rate, breed, or period, averaging 49%. Behavioral activities (e.g., time spent grazing, walking, and idle, distance traveled) were not highly related to EEa%, although no-intercept regressions against time spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking indicated an increase in EEa% of 5.8 and 5.1%/h, respectively. In the second study, animal types were yearling Angora doeling goats, yearling Boer wether goats, yearling Spanish wether goats, and Rambouilletwether sheep slightly more than 2 yr of age. Two animals of each type were randomly allocated to one of four pastures 9.3, 12.3, 4.6, and 1.2 ha in area. The experiment was conducted in the summer with three periods, 30, 26, and 26 days in length. EEa% was affected by an interaction between animal type and period (Angora: 16, 17, and 15; Boer: 60, 67, and 34; Spanish: 46, 62, and 42; sheep: 22, 12, and 22% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (SE = 6.1)). EEa% of goats was predicted with moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.40-0.41) and without bias from estimates of 5.8 and 5.1%/h spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking, respectively, determined in the first experiment; however, these methods were not suitable for sheep. These methods of prediction are simpler and more accurate than currently recommended for goats by the National Research Council.