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Journal articles on the topic 'Rare earth ions'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Mohammed, Mohanad Hazim, Joseph Horvat, Zhen Xiang Cheng, and Shi Xun Cao. "Robustness in Coupling between Iron and Rare Earth Spins in Rare Earth Orthoferrites." Materials Science Forum 985 (April 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.985.29.

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We report on very accurate magnetic measurements on large rare earth orthoferrites single crystals of ErFeO3 and NdFeO3. Our results show that the interaction between rare earth and iron spin system does not change during the spin-flip process. This implies that the coupling between the iron and rare earth spin systems is robust enough to withstand the effects of spin flipping against the magnetic anisotropy energy. This is despite rare eath ions, polarized by the ordered iron ions, being in partly metastable state and their magnetic moment decays with time.

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2

ZHAO, XINWEI, SUSUMU HARAKO, SHINRI NOGUCHI, and SHUJI KOMURO. "SYSTHESIS AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RARE EARTHS DOPED NANO-SEMICONDUCTORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 28n29 (November 20, 2002): 4294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202015297.

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Er and Yb have been doped into nanocrystalline Si and ZnO thin films. Sharp and intense photoluminescence (PL) lines related to intra-4f transitions in the rare earth ions were observed. The optical transition dynamics of the rare earth ions were investigated by time-resolved PL measurements. It was demonstrated that a nano-meter sizing of Si widened the energy bandgap and led to an increase of doping densities of the rare earths. It was also shown that the Er-related PL gave rise to different features under direct and indirect excitations indicating a strong interaction of electron-hole pairs in the host with 4f electrons in the rare earth ions. A co-doping effect of Yb and Er into nanocrystalline Si was presented also. Our results suggested a rare earth-rare earth coupling between the Yb 3+ ions and the Er 3+ ions, which transferred the energy from Yb to Er and enhanced the 1.54 μm PL of Er.

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3

Morrison, C. A., and D. E. Wortman. "Energy levels of rare-earth ions in rare-earth arsenides." Optical Materials 1, no. 3 (September 1992): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-3467(92)90028-l.

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4

Yoshimura, Y., Takahiro Oikawa, H. Kanno, and Y. Suzuki. "Coordination of Thiocyanate Ions to Rare Earth Ions in Concentrated Aqueous Rare Earth Thiocyanate Solutions." Materials Science Forum 315-317 (July 1999): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.315-317.494.

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5

CHOI, YONG GYU. "ENHANCING EMISSION PROPERTIES OF RARE EARTH IONS IN CHALCOGENIDE GLASS VIA MINUTE COMPOSITIONAL ADJUSTMENTS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 19, no. 04 (December 2010): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021886351000556x.

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The significant role of the chemical environments of rare earths ions in controlling their radiative and nonradiative processes are exemplified in this study: The emission properties of rare earth ions ( Dy3+ or Tm3+ ) embedded in the strong covalent chalcogenide glass ( Ge and/or As containing sulphide glass) are dramatically enhanced upon the addition of very small amount of the Group III elements ( Ga or In ) and alkali halides ( CsBr or RbBr ). These compositional adjustments alter only the local structural environments of rare earth ions, while thermal stability of the modified glass is kept unaltered.

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6

Bai, Qiongyu, Zhijun Wang, Panlai Li, Shuchao Xu, Ting Li, and Zhiping Yang. "Zn2−aGeO4:aRE and Zn2Ge1−aO4:aRE (RE = Ce3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+): 4f–4f and 5d–4f transition luminescence of rare earth ions under different substitution." RSC Advances 6, no. 104 (2016): 102183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra21932b.

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Generally, luminescent properties of rare earth ions doped host can be tuned by controlling the host composition, that is, when substituted for different cations of host, the rare earths ions can present different characteristics.

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7

Binnemans, Koen. "Stilbazolium dyes containing rare-earth ions." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 303-304 (May 2000): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(00)00618-6.

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8

Pelletier-Allard, N., and R. Pelletier. "Spectroscopy of photoexcited rare earth ions." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 180, no. 1-2 (March 1992): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(92)90374-i.

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9

Lezhnina, M. M. "Rare-Earth Ions in Porous Matrices." Physics of the Solid State 47, no. 8 (2005): 1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.2014496.

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10

Meijerink, A., C. de Mello Donegá, A. Ellens, J. Sytsma, and G. Blasse. "Vibronic transitions of rare earth ions." Journal of Luminescence 58, no. 1-6 (January 1994): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2313(94)90355-7.

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11

Benelli, Cristiano, Andrea Caneschi, Dante Gatteschi, and Luca Pardi. "Magnetic interactions involving rare earth ions." Materials Chemistry and Physics 31, no. 1-2 (March 1992): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(92)90147-z.

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12

Yao, Yu Yu, Jing Liu, Yong Qiang Wu, Min Min Zheng, and Chun Mei Tang. "Process of Salicylic Acid-Type Composite for Rare Earth Ions." Materials Science Forum 814 (March 2015): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.814.333.

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The chelation adsorption behavior of a salicylic acid-type composite ASA-PGMA/SiO2for rare earth ions of the rare earth ore mud leaching solution in Mianning was studied in the present work. The effect of the reaction temperature and medium pH on adsorption properties of the ASA-PGMA/SiO2particle was examined. The concentrations of REEs were determined by ICP-MS. The results showed that the ASA-PGMA/SiO2possessed strong chelation adsorption ability for rare earth ions. The reaction temperature was 50°C, the adsorption properties of the composite were the best and the adsorption rate of rare earth ions reached above 90%. In the pH range where the hydrolysis of rare earth ions was inhibited, an increase in the pH value of the medium strengthened the chelation adsorption ability of the ASA-PGMA/SiO2particle for rare earth ions. The rare earth ions desorption from the ASA-PGMA/SiO2particle is effective when using 0.2mol/L of hydrochloric acid solution as the eluent.

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13

Gao, Liang, Yan Wang, Jian Oyang, Yang Gao, Jinbiao Liu, Ruixiang Wang, Zhifeng Xu, and Jinhui Li. "Removal of Aluminum from Synthetic Rare Earth Leach Solution by Selective Complexation and Turbidity Point Extraction." Minerals 13, no. 12 (November 22, 2023): 1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13121462.

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During the leaching process of ion-adsorbed rare earth ores, large amounts of non-rare earth impurities such as aluminum and iron will be generated. This study selected glutamic acid as a complex agent to selectively calculate aluminum ions; then, added non-ionic surfactants and extract and separate aluminum ions from a rare earth solution using the cloud point extraction method. The effects of solution pH, reaction temperature, equilibration time, amount of glutamic acid, reaction time, and amount of Triton X-114 on aluminum extraction were investigated. The results showed that with a Mglu:MAl ratio of 3:1, a solution pH of 4.5, a constant temperature of 40 °C, and the addition of 10 mL Triton X-114 after 10 min of reaction time, the single extraction efficiency of aluminum ions reached 78.01%, and the extraction efficiency of rare earths was only 5.09% after 10 min of equilibration time. The reaction equation of glutamic acid with aluminum ions was determined, and the lowest extraction concentration of aluminum ions in the glutamic acid complexation extraction solution was found to be cAl = 0.045 ± 0.003 g/L, with a separation coefficient of β(Al/RE) = 66.15. This result indicated that the aluminum ions in the mixed solution could be effectively separated from the rare earth ions when using glutamic acid as a complexing agent in combination with the turbidity point extraction method.

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14

Wu, Fuyu, Dan Wang, Yunzhang Rao, Meidao Zhang, Liang Shi, Min Han, and Wei Xu. "Mesoscopic Process Simulation of In Situ Leaching of Ionic Rare Earth Based on NMRI Technology." Adsorption Science & Technology 2023 (March 8, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8348431.

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In order to simulate and calculate the leaching process of ionic rare earths more realistically, a digital model of ionic rare earths with real size, shape, seepage channel, and pore ratio and distribution at the mesoscopic scale was constructed based on nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) technology. And the in situ leaching mining process was simulated and calculated by using three control equations of solution seepage, ion exchange, and solute migration. The reliability of the NMRI model was verified by the results of the indoor column leaching experiment, and the influence of the injection intensity and leaching agent concentration on the leaching of rare earth ions was analyzed. The results show that there are dominant seepage channels in the ore body, and the rare earth ion exchange reaction and migration in the dominant channel area are completed first. By analyzing the leaching results of rare earth ions under the working conditions of different injection strengths and different concentrations of leaching agent, the results show that the injection strength and the concentration of leaching agent have an obvious promoting effect on the leaching of rare earth ions in a certain range. The injection strength of 0.5~1.0 mL/min and the concentration of 0.20~0.25 mol/L leaching agent are considered to be more economical in practical engineering.

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15

Roosen, Joris, Jeroen Spooren, and Koen Binnemans. "Adsorption performance of functionalized chitosan–silica hybrid materials toward rare earths." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 45 (2014): 19415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta04518a.

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16

Zhou, Zongke, Quan Wan, Wenbin Yu, Xin Nie, Shuguang Yang, Shuqin Yang, and Zonghua Qin. "Adsorption Behaviors of Lanthanum (III) and Yttrium (III) Ions on Gibbsite." Minerals 13, no. 12 (December 9, 2023): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13121530.

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The enrichment process of rare earth elements in ion-adsorbed rare earth ores and bauxite is potentially related to the adsorption of rare earth elements by gibbsite. In this paper, lanthanum and yttrium were selected as surrogates of light rare earth elements and heavy rare earth elements, respectively. The effects of adsorption time, solution pH, and background electrolyte concentration on the adsorption of rare earth ions by gibbsite were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. The results showed that the adsorption of rare earth ions by gibbsite can approach equilibrium in 72 h. There is mainly electrostatic repulsion between gibbsite and rare earth ions at pH 4–7, and the adsorption efficiency increases with the increase in solution pH value and background electrolyte concentration. The adsorption process of rare earth ions by gibbsite is more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir single-layer adsorption models. Moreover, based on the structural correlation between clay minerals and gibbsite, the causes for the differences in the adsorption behaviors of rare earth elements on the minerals are discussed. The results of this study help to understand the role of aluminum hydroxide in the migration and fate of rare earth elements in epigenetic environments.

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17

Li, Jinhui, Yaoru Wen, Yuhang Chu, Wenxin Liu, Jinbiao Liu, Ruixiang Wang, and Zhifeng Xu. "Separation of Rare Earth and Aluminum by Selective Complexation." Minerals 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2022): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12060743.

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The presence of aluminum in the weathering crust leaching rare earth ore harms the subsequent extraction and separation of rare earths. High-quality rare earth production processes must reduce the aluminum content in their feed liquid. Groups containing lone pairs of electrons can form stable insoluble complexes with metal ions under certain conditions. In this paper, 3-hydroxyphenylphosphoryl propionic acid is used to selectively separate rare earths by complexation in feed liquid. The results show that: using 3-hydroxyphenylphosphoryl propionic acid as the complexing agent, and when the amount of 3-hydroxyphenyl phosphoryl propionic acid is six times the theoretical complete reaction amount, the reaction time is 10 min, the reaction temperature is 50 °C, and the solution is adjusted to pH 1, the extraction rate of RE3+ is 90.48%, and the extraction rate of Al3+ is nearly 9.52%. The separation of rare earth and aluminum is well realized. 3-hydroxyphenyl phosphoryl propionic acid has good water solubility and low cost, and the product after complexation reaction with metal ions is solid and easy to separate. It has potential as an alternative complexing agent in the industry.

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18

Huang, Ying, Ping Long, Guanshi Wang, Sihai Luo, Yonghui Shi, Chao Zhang, and Xiongdong Lan. "Ion-Exchange Model for the Leaching Process of Ion-Adsorption-Type Rare-Earth Ores Considering the Influence of Anions." Minerals 13, no. 12 (November 23, 2023): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13121475.

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Clay minerals have a specific adsorption capability for anions, which increases the amount of net negative charge on the surface, leading to the increased adsorption of rare-earth ions in clay minerals and some change from exchangeable to non-exchangeable. Further, anions show a shielding effect on rare-earth ions. The shielding capacity of anions in the leaching agents for rare-earth ions was measured in this study. The relationship between the solid-phase concentration of rare-earth ions shielded and the anion concentration was consistent with the Langmuir model. Based on the Kerr model describing the exchange of rare-earth ions by ammonium ions, an ion-exchange model considering the shielding influence of anions was proposed. The accuracy of the proposed model was higher than that of the Kerr model. When the leaching agent was ammonium sulfate, the calculation accuracy of XW and AY samples was increased by 1.15% and 5.75%, respectively. The improvement in accuracy positively correlated with the proportion of iron oxides, aluminium oxides, and Kaolin. The established ion-exchange model can provide accurate source and sink terms for the numerical simulation of the leaching process of ion-adsorption-type rare-earth ores.

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19

Radzhabov, E. A., and A. V. Samborsky. "Divalent rare-earth ions in LaF3 crystals." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 81, no. 9 (September 2017): 1058–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873817090209.

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20

Hengrasmee, Sunantha, and Michael M. Probst. "A Study of Hydrated Rare Earth Ions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 46, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1991): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1991-1-219.

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AbstractHydrated lanthanide(III) ions Ln3 + (H2O)8 with Ln3 + = La3 + to Yb3+ have been studied using ab-initio methods. The binding energy as a function of ion-water distance and position of the ion in the rare earth series is discussed. The calculations are related to recent experimental results elucidating the hydration behaviour of lanthanide(III) ions. Since no S-shape behaviour is found for complex binding energies or metal-oxygen distance, the calculations indicate that observed thermodynamic anomalities should come from hydration number changes due to the different ionic radii within the series. The non-additivity of the ion-water interactions has been calculated and it is found that its relative importance increases from 26% for La3+ to 32% for Ln3 +

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21

Heber, J., J. Neukum, M. Altwein, R. Demirbilek, and N. Bodenschatz. "Interaction between excitons and rare-earth ions." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 54, no. 11 (September 1998): 1557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-1425(98)00083-3.

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22

Dong-Ping, Ma, and Xu Yi-Sun. "Multiphonon Nonradiative Transition of Rare-Earth Ions." Communications in Theoretical Physics 4, no. 1 (January 1985): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/4/1/1.

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23

Heber, J., R. Demirbilek, and S. I. Nikitin. "Excitons and rare-earth ions in CsCdBr3." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 380, no. 1-2 (October 2004): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.03.021.

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24

Balcar, E., and S. W. Lovesey. "Neutron-electron spectroscopy of rare-earth ions." Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics 19, no. 24 (August 30, 1986): 4605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/19/24/005.

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25

Paderni, Daniele, Luca Giorgi, Vieri Fusi, Mauro Formica, Gianluca Ambrosi, and Mauro Micheloni. "Chemical sensors for rare earth metal ions." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 429 (February 2021): 213639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213639.

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26

Guessous, A., and K. Matho. "RARE EARTH IONS IN RANDOM CRYSTAL FIELDS." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 46, no. C8 (December 1985): C8–355—C8–359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1985853.

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27

Du, Hai Yan, Zhen Xing Liu, and Jia Yue Sun. "Photostimulated Luminescence Studies of Electron Trapping Materials SrS:Eu²⁺,RE (RE= Dy³⁺,Yb³⁺,Pr³⁺,Ho³⁺,Tm³⁺)." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.264.

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Trivalent rare-earth ions, Dy3+, Yb3+, Pr3+, Ho3+, Tm3+, have been investigated as the co-doped auxiliary sensitizer for the electron trapping materials SrS:Eu2+ in order to enhance the fluorescence properties. It is found that Dy3+ and Ho3+ has the optimum photoluminescence stimulated luminescence (PSL) effect among the selected trivalent rare-earth ions. All the SrS: Eu2+ samples coped by different trivalent rare-earth ions can be stimulated by 980 nm laser after exposing to the conventional sun light, and they emit PSL with the peak located at 615 nm. The present research also indicates that some co-doped rare earth ions can increase fluorescence intensities of the traditional electron trapping materials SrS: Eu2+.

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28

Khaironie, Mohamed Takip, Markom Masturah, Meor Yusoff Meor Sulaiman, and Salim Nazaratul Ashifa. "Solvent Extraction of Light Rare Earth Ions Using D2EHPA from Nitric Acid and Sulphuric Acid Solutions." Advanced Materials Research 970 (June 2014): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.970.209.

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A study on solvent extraction of a mixture of light rare earths ions (La (III), Nd (III) and Ce (IV)) from nitric and sulphuric acid solutions with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in kerosene as an extractant has been carried out. The influences of D2EHPA and acid concentrations on the extraction efficiency of rare earth metal ions were evaluated. It was found that the extraction percentage of La, Nd and Ce decreased as the acids concentrations increased. On the contrary, the extraction efficiency of these ions increased as D2EHPA concentration increased. The utmost extraction percentage of La, Nd and Ce (99.4%, 99.7% and 100% respectively) was extracted from 0.1 M HNO3using 1.0 M D2EHPA. The order of extraction ability of the studied rare earth elements by D2EHPA decreased in the series of Ce (IV)>Nd (III)>La (III).

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29

Church, Jeffrey S., Noel W. Cant, and David L. Trimm. "Stabilisation of aluminas by rare earth and alkaline earth ions." Applied Catalysis A: General 101, no. 1 (July 1993): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-860x(93)80141-c.

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30

Pan, Er, Gongxun Bai, Yutao Peng, Liang Chen, and Shiqing Xu. "Promoting luminescence of Yb/Er codoped ferroelectric composite by polarization engineering for optoelectronic applications." Nanophotonics 8, no. 12 (September 17, 2019): 2215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0230.

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AbstractFerroelectric oxide nanocrystals, in combination with the robust coupling of an electric field with crystal structure symmetry, makes such systems agreeable to field-induced crystal structural transformation. The luminescent properties of rare earth ions are sensitive to the symmetry of the surrounding crystal field. The luminescence tuning of rare earth ions is an important assignment in the research of luminescent materials. However, the current conditional feasibility and reversibility in the exploration of luminescence modification remain major challenges. In this article, the luminescence modulation of rare earth ions has been developed in Yb3+/Er3+ codoped ferroelectrics glass ceramics containing Bi4Ti3O12 nanocrystals through an electric field. The inclusion of nanocrystals in the glass matrix greatly enhances the electrical resistance. Both upconversion and near-infrared emissions of rare earth ions are effectively enhanced more than twice via polarization engineering. The electric field regulates the photonic properties of rare earth ions with excellent reversibility and nonvolatility in ferroelectrics. The effective modification by electric field provides a new scheme for optical storage and optoelectronic devices.

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31

Herrmann, Andreas, Mohamed Zekri, Ramzi Maalej, and Christian Rüssel. "The Effect of Glass Structure on the Luminescence Spectra of Sm3+-Doped Aluminosilicate Glasses." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020564.

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Peralkaline Sm3+-doped aluminosilicate glasses with different network modifier ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Zn2+) were investigated to clarify the effect of glass composition and glass structure on the optical properties of the doped Sm3+ ions. For this purpose, the Sm3+ luminescence emission spectra were correlated with the molecular structure of the glasses derived by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The different network modifier ions have a clear and systematic effect on the peak area ratio of the Sm3+ emission peaks which correlates with the average rare earth site symmetry in the glasses. The highest site symmetry is found for the calcium aluminosilicate glass. Glasses with network modifier ions of lower and higher ionic radii show a notably lower average site symmetry. The symmetry could be correlated to the rare earth coordination number with oxygen atoms derived by MD simulations. A coordination number of 6 seems to offer the highest average site symmetry. Higher rare earth coordination probabilities with non-bridging oxygen result in an increased splitting of the emission peaks and a notable broadening of the peaks. The zinc containing glass seems to play a special role. The Zn2+ ions notably modify the glass structure and especially the rare earth coordination in comparison to the other network modifier ions in the other investigated glasses. The knowledge on how glass structure affects the optical properties of doped rare earth ions can be used to tailor the rare earth absorption and emission spectra for specific applications.

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32

Nishimura, K. "Nuclear Orientation on Rare Earth Nickel Alloys." Australian Journal of Physics 51, no. 2 (1998): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/p97047.

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A hyperfine interaction study of the light rare earth elements, Ce, Pr, Nd and Pm, in the rare earth nickel and CeNi2Al5 compounds by means of the low temperature nuclear orientation is summarised. The magnitudes and directions of the magnetic hyperfine fields obtained through measurements of γ-ray anisotropy and angular distributions reveal the magnetic structures of the ions. The experiments extracted peculiar results for the magnetic properties of the ions, and show certain novel features of the technique to the study of solid-state magnetism.

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33

Okamatsu, Toshihiro, Hitoshi Nishimura, Noriyuki Inoue, Harunobu Sano, and Hiroshi Takagi. "The Effect of Rare Earth (Ln = Gd, Dy, Y and Yb) Doping on the Microstructure and Reliability in BaTiO₃-Based Monolithic Ceramic Capacitors (MLCs)." Key Engineering Materials 421-422 (December 2009): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.421-422.301.

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The effect of rare earth (Ln = Gd, Dy, Y and Yb) and Mg ions on the microstructure and reliability of BaTiO3-based monolithic ceramic capacitors (MLCs) with Ni electrodes was investigated. The X-ray diffraction results about the lattice volume of sintered specimens suggested that Gd and Dy ions predominatly substituted into the Ba-site, Yb ions gave exclusive substitution at the Ti-site, while Y ions occupied either the Ba- and Ti-site. The reliability of ceramic capacitors was increasing with increasing the ionic radius of the rare earths in this study. The nonlinearity coefficient() etsimated from the leakage currents and the lifetime measured from the highly accelerated lifetime testing (HALT) showed a negative correlation which was observed only from Dy and Y ions doped specimens. The quantity of Ln and Mg in the grains tended to increase with increasing the Ln ionic radius. In order to improve the reliability and the insulation property of BaTiO3 based MLCs with Ni electrodes, it is important that acceptor ions at the Ti-site compensate donor ions which are rare earth ions at the Ba-site, so the overall quantity of the dopants required for the charge compensation with acceptor and donor ions increases accordingly.

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34

Zhang, Jun, Xiao Ting Shi, Wei Guo, Zhong Zhang, and Hong Yang. "The Difference between Rare Earth Ions and Alkaline Earth Metal Ions in DNA Condensation Process." Materials Science Forum 694 (July 2011): 613–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.613.

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The structural transition of DNA double-stranded induced by Ce3+ or Mg2+ ions was investigated in this paper. By atomic force microscopy, different types of condensed DNA structures were observed at the presence of Ce3+ or Mg2+ ions. The results show that there are some differences between rare earth ions and alkaline earth metal ions in the DNA condensation process.

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35

Mathur, S. P., and C. S. Bhandari. "Equilibrium studies on rare-earth chelates: Interactions of rare-earth ions with thioformohydroxamic acid." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 100, no. 2 (September 2, 2010): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19811000203.

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36

Ohto, Keisuke, Shinpei Nakashima, Yudai Tanaka, Shintaro Morisada, Hidetaka Kawakita, and Tatsuya Oshima. "Extraction Behavior of Trivalent Rare Earth Metal Ions with Diphosphonic Acid Type Extraction Reagent." Key Engineering Materials 884 (May 2021): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.884.133.

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Bis(phenyl hydrogen phosphonato)-1-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethylheptane has been prepared to investigate extraction behavior of a series of trivalent rare earth metal ions. This diphosphonic acid extraction reagent exhibited high extraction ability to all ions examined, especially Sc ion. It did not exhibit apparent dependency in acid concentration, which corresponds to ion-exchange mechanism, probably due to extremely high extraction ability. Although the mutual separation of rare earths was difficult with this reagent, group separation of rare earths over divalent base metals can be accomplished. Compared with the extraction of base metals, it was found that this reagent with branched alkyl chain exhibited lower in extraction ability than diphosphonic acid with linear chain, bis(phenyl hydrogen phosphonato)-1-hydroxy-hexadecane.

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37

Dong, Wei, Huimin Wang, Zhoushen Ning, Kaijian Hu, and Xianping Luo. "Bioadsorption of Terbium(III) by Spores of Bacillus subtilis." Minerals 12, no. 7 (July 8, 2022): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12070866.

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Wastewater containing low concentrations of rare earth ions not only constitutes a waste of rare earth resources but also threatens the surrounding environment. It is therefore necessary to develop environmentally friendly methods of recovering rare earth ions. The spores produced by Bacillus are resistant to extreme environments and are effective in the bioadsorption of rare earth ions, but their adsorption behaviors and mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, the cells and spores of Bacillus subtilis PS533 and PS4150 were used as biosorbents, and their adsorption of terbium ions was compared under different conditions. The adsorption characteristics of the spores were investigated, as were the possible mechanisms of interaction between the spores and rare earth ions. The results showed that the PS4150 spores had the best adsorption effect on Tb(III), with the removal percentage reaching 95.2%. Based on a computational simulation, SEM observation, XRD, XPS, and FTIR analyses, it was suggested that the adsorption of Tb(III) by the spores conforms to the pseudo−second−order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. This indicates that the adsorption process mainly consists of chemical adsorption, and that groups such as amino, hydroxyl, methyl, and phosphate, which are found on the surface of the spores, are involved in the bioadsorption process. All of these findings suggest that Bacillus subtilis spores can be used as a potential biosorbent for the recovery of rare earth ions from wastewater.

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38

Franczak, Agnieszka, Koen Binnemans, and Jan Fransaer Jan Fransaer. "Magnetomigration of rare-earth ions in inhomogeneous magnetic fields." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 39 (2016): 27342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp02575g.

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39

Armellini, C., A. Chiappini, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari, Y. Jestin, M. Mortier, E. Moser, R. Retoux, and G. C. Righini. "Rare Earth-Activated Silica-Based Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2007 (2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/84745.

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Two different kinds of rare earth-activated glass-based nanocomposite photonic materials, which allow to tailor the spectroscopic properties of rare-earth ions: (i) Er3+-activated SiO2-HfO2waveguide glass ceramic, and (ii) core-shell-like structures of Er3+-activated silica spheres obtained by a seed growth method, are presented.

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40

Cao, Xiaoyan, Chunjie Zhou, Shuai Wang, and Ruilin Man. "Adsorption Properties for La(III), Ce(III), and Y(III) with Poly(6-acryloylamino-hexyl hydroxamic acid) Resin." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010003.

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Using polyacrylic resin followed by the substitution reaction with 6-aminohexyl hydroxamic acid, poly(6-acryloylamino-hexyl hydroxamic acid) resin (PAMHA) was successfully synthesized. PAMHA, a spherical resin with the particle size of 0.4 mm, is a novel polyamide hydroxamic acid chelating resin containing acylamino and hydroxamic acid functional groups. A series of influences (pH, contact time, temperature, and the initial concentrations of rare earth ions) were investigated to determine the adsorption properties. The adsorption capacity for La(III), Ce(III), and Y(III) ions were 1.030, 0.962, and 1.450 mmol·g−1, respectively. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies were also carried out to show that the uptake of rare earth ions onto PAMHA fitted well the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm, and the adsorption process was spontaneous endothermic. In addition, desorption of rare earth ions was achieved by using 2 mol·L−1 HNO3 and desorption efficiencies for La(III), Ce(III), and Y(III) ions were 98.4, 99.1, and 98.8%, respectively. Properties of PAMHA resin were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The results showed that there was coordination between the rare earth ions with PAMHA and rare metal ions were chemically adsorbed on the surface of the PAMHA.

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41

Nie, Hongkun, Feifei Wang, Junting Liu, Kejian Yang, Baitao Zhang, and Jingliang He. "Rare-earth ions-doped mid-infrared (2.7–3 µm) bulk lasers: a review [Invited]." Chinese Optics Letters 19, no. 9 (2021): 091407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202119.091407.

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42

Kimiaee Asadi, F., N. Lauk, S. Wein, N. Sinclair, C. O'Brien, and C. Simon. "Quantum repeaters with individual rare-earth ions at telecommunication wavelengths." Quantum 2 (September 13, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-09-13-93.

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We present a quantum repeater scheme that is based on individual erbium and europium ions. Erbium ions are attractive because they emit photons at telecommunication wavelength, while europium ions offer exceptional spin coherence for long-term storage. Entanglement between distant erbium ions is created by photon detection. The photon emission rate of each erbium ion is enhanced by a microcavity with high Purcell factor, as has recently been demonstrated. Entanglement is then transferred to nearby europium ions for storage. Gate operations between nearby ions are performed using dynamically controlled electric-dipole coupling. These gate operations allow entanglement swapping to be employed in order to extend the distance over which entanglement is distributed. The deterministic character of the gate operations allows improved entanglement distribution rates in comparison to atomic ensemble-based protocols. We also propose an approach that utilizes multiplexing in order to enhance the entanglement distribution rate.

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43

Moncorgé, R., L. D. Merkle, and B. Zandi. "UV-Visible Lasers Based on Rare-Earth Ions." MRS Bulletin 24, no. 9 (September 1999): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940005301x.

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An issue on novel applications of materials doped with rare-earth (RE) ions can scarcely fail to address lasers, but it need not address all RE-based lasers. Some Nd3+ -doped lasers, particularly Nd:YAG (Y3Al5O12, yttrium aluminum garnet), emitting light with a wavelength of 1064 nm, are very well-established commercial products—by no means novelties.1 Some other near-infrared (NIR) lasers, based on Er3+ or Tm3+, are also available commercially. That wavelength region is relatively easy for RE laser ions, involving energy spacings between initial and final energy levels small enough to give large stimulated emission cross sections for useful, long upper-state life-times, yet large enough to minimize thermal deexcitation mechanisms. On the other hand, RE-doped lasers for ultraviolet (UV) and visible wavelengths are quite novel, since efficient laser operation is more difficult to achieve in these spectral ranges. Intriguing progress on such devices has been made in recent years, driven by several important applications.In this article, we begin by noting some of the alternative ways to obtain laser light at these wavelengths, including their advantages and drawbacks. We then discuss basic properties of RE-doped laser materials and how these can be advantageous. We then review a few of the most important and recent RE-doped laser materials and techniques for obtaining UV and visible output.

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Ohgoh, Tsuyoshi, Yuki Kudo, and Katsuaki Sato. "Single Crystals of CuAlS2Doped with Rare-Earth Ions." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 32, S3 (January 1, 1993): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.32s3.608.

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45

SAWAJI, Masanori, Hiroshi YAMASHITA, and Takashi MAEKAWA. "Flotation of Rare-Earth Ions with Octadecyliminobismethylenebisphosphonic Acid." Analytical Sciences 8, no. 2 (1992): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.8.247.

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46

Sellars, M. J., T. R. Dyke, G. J. Pryde, and N. B. Manson. "Time Domain Optical Memories Using Rare Earth Ions." Materials Science Forum 315-317 (July 1999): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.315-317.59.

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47

Amirova, L. M., V. P. Fomin, and R. R. Amirov. "Epoxy Polymers Containing Coordinated Rare-Earth Metal Ions." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 76, no. 11 (November 2003): 1835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:rjac.0000018695.45621.be.

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48

Ashour, Radwa M., Hani Nasser Abdelhamid, Ahmed F. Abdel-Magied, Ahmed A. Abdel-Khalek, M. M. Ali, A. Uheida, Mamoun Muhammed, Xiaodong Zou, and Joydeep Dutta. "Rare Earth Ions Adsorption onto Graphene Oxide Nanosheets." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 35, no. 2 (February 23, 2017): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366299.2017.1287509.

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Jensen, J. Skov, T. P. Leervad Pedersen, J. Chevallier, B. Bech Nielsen, and A. Nylandsted Larsen. "Rare earth ions and Ge nanocrystals in SiO2." Nanotechnology 17, no. 10 (April 28, 2006): 2621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/10/029.

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50

Rodnyĭ, P. A. "Energy levels of rare-earth ions in Gd2O2S." Optics and Spectroscopy 107, no. 2 (August 2009): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x09080177.

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