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Academic literature on the topic 'Rare earth ion dopants'

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Journal articles on the topic "Rare earth ion dopants"

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Tay, Jian Wei, Patrick M. Ledingham, and Jevon J. Longdell. "Coherent optical ultrasound detection with rare-earth ion dopants." Applied Optics 49, no. 23 (August 3, 2010): 4331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.49.004331.

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Lv, Yang, Yahong Jin, Zhenzhang Li, Shaoan Zhang, Haoyi Wu, Guangting Xiong, Guifang Ju, Li Chen, Zhengfa Hu, and Yihua Hu. "Reversible photoluminescence switching in photochromic material Sr6Ca4(PO4)6F2:Eu2+ and the modified performance by trap engineering via Ln3+ (Ln = La, Y, Gd, Lu) co-doping for erasable optical data storage." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 19 (2020): 6403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc00933d.

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Dasgupta, V., N. Litombe, W. E. Bailey, and H. Bakhru. "Ion implantation of rare-earth dopants in ferromagnetic thin films." Journal of Applied Physics 99, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 08G312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2173212.

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Sun, Yifei, Michele Kotiuga, Dawgen Lim, Badri Narayanan, Mathew Cherukara, Zhen Zhang, Yongqi Dong, et al. "Strongly correlated perovskite lithium ion shuttles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 39 (August 13, 2018): 9672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805029115.

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Solid-state ion shuttles are of broad interest in electrochemical devices, nonvolatile memory, neuromorphic computing, and biomimicry utilizing synthetic membranes. Traditional design approaches are primarily based on substitutional doping of dissimilar valent cations in a solid lattice, which has inherent limits on dopant concentration and thereby ionic conductivity. Here, we demonstrate perovskite nickelates as Li-ion shuttles with simultaneous suppression of electronic transport via Mott transition. Electrochemically lithiated SmNiO3 (Li-SNO) contains a large amount of mobile Li+ located in interstitial sites of the perovskite approaching one dopant ion per unit cell. A significant lattice expansion associated with interstitial doping allows for fast Li+ conduction with reduced activation energy. We further present a generalization of this approach with results on other rare-earth perovskite nickelates as well as dopants such as Na+. The results highlight the potential of quantum materials and emergent physics in design of ion conductors.
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Kang, Fengwen, Lejing Li, Jin Han, Dang Yuan Lei, and Mingying Peng. "Emission color tuning through manipulating the energy transfer from VO43− to Eu3+ in single-phased LuVO4:Eu3+ phosphors." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 2 (2017): 390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc04172h.

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Recently, rare earth (RE) ion doped single-phased phosphors, which can emit tunable colors upon single wavelength excitation, have received a great deal of attention, but most of them involve multiple dopants as luminescence centers.
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Frayret, Christine, Antoine Villesuzanne, Michel Pouchard, Fabrice Mauvy, Jean Marc Bassat, and Jean Claude Grenier. "A Density Functional Study of Oxygen Mobility in Ceria-Based Materials." Defect and Diffusion Forum 323-325 (April 2012): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.323-325.233.

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In CeO2-based solid electrolytes, it has been shown that point defects are directly responsible for oxygen ionic conduction. The ionic conductivity is strongly affected by the anion vacancy concentration which is enhanced by doping with aliovalent cations. When rare earth sesquioxides such as La2O3, Gd2O3, Sm2O3, Y2O3 are added to CeO2, the dopant cation substitutes for the cerium ion, and oxygen vacancies are created for charge compensation. Incorporation of trivalent dopants into CeO2 at the Ce4+ sites can be depicted by the following defect reaction (expressed in Kröger-Vink notation):
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OGURI, Yasuo, Ryuji ADACHI, Hideo TONO, Norio NAKAJIMA, and Tadashi ENDO. "The Effect of Rare Earth Ion Dopants on the Grain Size of Y2O2S Phosphors." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 104, no. 1216 (1996): 1129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.104.1129.

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Caratto, Valentina, Federico Locardi, Giorgio Andrea Costa, Roberto Masini, Mauro Fasoli, Laura Panzeri, Marco Martini, Emanuela Bottinelli, Enrica Gianotti, and Ivana Miletto. "NIR Persistent Luminescence of Lanthanide Ion-Doped Rare-Earth Oxycarbonates: The Effect of Dopants." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6, no. 20 (October 13, 2014): 17346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am504523s.

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Hasim, Nurhafizah, Md Supar Rohani, Md Rahim Sahar, and Sib Krishna Ghoshal. "Luminescence of Er3+/Nd3+ Co-Doped Lithium Niobate Tellurite Glass." Materials Science Forum 846 (March 2016): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.846.131.

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Achieving tuneable photoluminescence via controlled co-doping of rare earth ions in lithium niobate based glasses are challenging. A series of Er3+/ Nd3+ co-doped tellurite glasses of composition (70-x-y) TeO2 – 15 Li2CO3 – 15 Nb2O5 – (x) Er2O3 – (y) Nd2O3 with x = 0; 1.0 mol % and 0 ≤ y ≤ 1.0 mol % are prepared using melt quenching technique. The influence of co-dopants on the emission properties is analyzed and discussed using partial energy level diagram of rare earth ions. The dopants concentration dependent physical properties such as refractive index, molar volume, density, polarizability and molar refractions are determined. The down-converted luminescence spectra for 2G9/2 à4I9/2 transition reveal a strong green emission band centred at 497 nm is attributed to the energy transfer from erbium to neodymium ion. The emission spectra exhibit five prominent peaks centred at 497, 539, 553, 616 and 634 nm corresponding to the transitions from 2H11/2, 4S3/2 and 4F9/2 excited states to the ground state of Er3+ ion and the transitions from 2G9/2, 2G7/2, 2H11/2 and 4F9/2 excited states to ground state of Nd3+ ion. The highest intensity is achieved for x = y = 1.0 mol%. The excellent luminescence response suggests that our glasses may be nominated for solid state lasers and other photonic applications.
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Nilsson, Johan O., Mikael Leetmaa, Olga Yu Vekilova, Sergei I. Simak, and Natalia V. Skorodumova. "Oxygen diffusion in ceria doped with rare-earth elements." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 21 (2017): 13723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp06460d.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rare earth ion dopants"

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Longdell, Jevon Joseph, and jevon longdell@anu edu au. "Quantum Information Processing in Rare Earth Ion Doped Insulators." The Australian National University. Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061010.105020.

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A great deal of theoretical activity has resulted from blending the fields of computer science and quantum mechanics. Out of this work has come the concept of a quantum computer, which promises to solve problems currently intractable for classical computers. This promise has, in turn, generated a large amount of effort directed toward investigating quantum computing experimentally. ¶ Quantum computing is difficult because fragile quantum superposition states of the computer’s register must be protected from the environment. This is made more difficult by the need to manipulate and measure these states. ¶ This thesis describes work that was carried out both to investigate and to demonstrate the utility of rare earth ion dopants for quantum computation. Dopants in solids are seen by many as a potential means of achieving scalable quantum computing. Rare earth ion dopants are an obvious choice for investigating such quantum computation. Long coherence times for both optical and nuclear spin transitions have been observed as well as optical manipulation of the spin states. The advantage that the scheme developed here has over nearly all of its competitors is that no complex nanofabrication is required. The advantages of avoiding nano-fabrication are two fold. Firstly, coherence times are likely to be adversely effected by the “damage” to the crystal structure that this manufacture represents. Secondly, the nano-fabrication presents a very serious difficulty in itself. ¶ Because of these advantages it was possible to perform two-qubit operations between independent qubits. This is the first time that such operations have been performed and presents a milestone in quantum computation using dopants in solids. It is only the second time two-qubit operations have been demonstrated in a solid. ¶ The experiments performed in this thesis were in two main areas: The first was the characterisation of hyperfine interactions in rare earth ion dopants; the second, simple demonstrations directly related to quantum computation. ¶ The first experiments that were carried out were to characterise the hyperfine interactions in Pr[superscript 3]+:Y[subscript 2]SiO[subscript 5]. The characterisation was the first carried out for the dopants in a site of such low symmetry. The resulting information about oscillator strengths and transition frequencies should prove indispensable when using such a system for quantum computation. It has already enabled an increase in the coherence times of nuclear spin transitions by two orders of magnitudes. ¶ The experiments directly related to the demonstration of quantum computation were all carried out using ensembles. The presence of a significant distribution of resonant frequencies, or inhomogeneous broadening, meant that many different sub-ensembles could be addressed, based on their resonant frequencies. Furthermore, the properties of the sub-ensembles could be engineered by optically pumping unwanted members to different hyperfine states away from resonance with the laser. ¶ A previously demonstrated technique for realising ensembles that could be used as single qubits was investigated and improved. Also, experiments were carried out to demonstrate the resulting ensembles’ utility as qubits. Further to this, ions from one of the ensembles were selected out, based on their interaction with the ions of another. Elementary two qubit operations were then demonstrated using these ensembles.
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Zhen, Y. S. "Oxygen ion conduction in doped rare earth oxides." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383333.

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Shen, Shaoxiong. "New rare earth ion-doped hosts for broadband fibre amplifier." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2379/.

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Three kinds of oxide glasses doped with Er3+ ions were chosen for investigation. Both the properties of glass and fluorescence from rare earth dopant ions are measured and discussed. In Er3+ ion doped silicate glass, the changes in the structure of glass as a result of fluorine addition are studied by measuring the glass properties: density, molar volume, refractive index, IR and UV edges. The absorption and emission cross- sections of Er3+ ion increase with increasing value of F/O ratio as do the full width of half maximum (FWHM) and figure-of-merit (FOM) for gain and bandwidth. In Er3+ ion doped heavy metal germanate glass, the structural units of forming network in germanate glass change with the addition of PbO, Bi2C>3, Ga2C>3 and TeC>2. The molar volume, glass transition temperature Tg, IR and UV edges have been measured and discussed with the relation of glass structure. More Er3+ ion sites result in the increase of absorption and emission cross-sections, emission FWHM and FOM for gain. In Er3+ doped Te02 - ZnO - R2O (R2O = Li20, Na20 and K2O) tellurite glass system, glass properties such as density, molar volume, transition temperature Tg, IR and UV edges are measured and discussed. The glass structure has been characterised using Raman spectra. The role of F' and Cl' has also been studied in tellurite glass. Crystallisation kinetics has been analysed in tellurite glass using isothermal and non- isothermal methods. The properties of Er3+ absorption and emission have been measured and discussed with the change of glass structure and concentrations. FOM for gain and bandwidth have also been compared and discussed in Er3+ doped modifies silicate, HMO germanate, tellurite and ZBLAN fluoride glasses. The tellurite glass fibre has been made and the emission spectra of Er3+ ion in fibre have been measured. Absorption and emission spectra have been studied in Tm -doped tellurite glass, it shows to be a highly promising host for a 1.47 (im amplifier capable of providing extended short-wavelength gain and a continuous band with the tellurite EDFA. Nd3+- doped tellurite and silicate glasses have also been studied, amplifier operating around 1.34 (j.m is clearly desirable in tellurite glass. A continuous gain band extending from 1310 to 1600 nm may become possible by using Nd3+, Tm3+ and Er3+ amplifiers.
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Fraval, Elliot, and elliot fraval@gmail com. "Minimising the Decoherence of Rare Earth Ion Solid State Spin Qubits." The Australian National University. Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061010.124211.

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[Mathematical symbols can be only approximated here. For the correct display see the Abstract in the PDF files linked below] This work has demonstrated that hyperfine decoherence times sufficiently long for QIP and quantum optics applications are achievable in rare earth ion centres. Prior to this work there were several QIP proposals using rare earth hyperfine states for long term coherent storage of optical interactions [1, 2, 3]. The very long T_1 (~weeks [4]) observed for rare-earth hyperfine transitions appears promising but hyperfine T_2s were only a few ms, comparable to rare earth optical transitions and therefore the usefulness of such proposals was doubtful. ¶ This work demonstrated an increase in hyperfine T_2 by a factor of 7 × 10^4 compared to the previously reported hyperfine T_2 for Pr^[3+]:Y_2SiO_5 through the application of static and dynamic magnetic field techniques. This increase in T_2 makes previous QIP proposals useful and provides the first solid state optically active Lamda system with very long hyperfine T_2 for quantum optics applications. ¶ The first technique employed the conventional wisdom of applying a small static magnetic field to minimise the superhyperfine interaction [5, 6, 7], as studied in chapter 4. This resulted in hyperfine transition T_2 an order of magnitude larger than the T_2 of optical transitions, ranging fro 5 to 10 ms. The increase in T_2 was not sufficient and consequently other approaches were required. ¶ Development of the critical point technique during this work was crucial to achieving further gains in T_2. The critical point technique is the application of a static magnetic field such that the Zeeman shift of the hyperfine transition of interest has no first order component, thereby nulling decohering magnetic interactions to first order. This technique also represents a global minimum for back action of the Y spin bath due to a change in the Pr spin state, allowing the assumption that the Pr ion is surrounded by a thermal bath. The critical point technique resulted in a dramatic increase of the hyperfine transition T_2 from ~10 ms to 860 ms. ¶ Satisfied that the optimal static magnetic field configuration for increasing T_2 had been achieved, dynamic magnetic field techniques, driving either the system of interest or spin bath were investigated. These techniques are broadly classed as Dynamic Decoherence Control (DDC) in the QIP community. The first DDC technique investigated was driving the Pr ion using a CPMG or Bang Bang decoupling pulse sequence. This significantly extended T_2 from 0.86 s to 70 s. This decoupling strategy has been extensively discussed for correcting phase errors in quantum computers [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15], with this work being the first application to solid state systems. ¶ Magic Angle Line Narrowing was used to investigate driving the spin bath to increase T_2. This experiment resulted in T_2 increasing from 0.84 s to 1.12 s. Both dynamic techniques introduce a periodic condition on when QIP operation can be performed without the qubits participating in the operation accumulating phase errors relative to the qubits not involved in the operation. ¶ Without using the critical point technique Dynamic Decoherence Control techniques such as the Bang Bang decoupling sequence and MALN are not useful due to the sensitivity of the Pr ion to magnetic field fluctuations. Critical point and DDC techniques are mutually beneficial since the critical point is most effective at removing high frequency perturbations while DDC techniques remove the low frequency perturbations. A further benefit of using the critical point technique is it allows changing the coupling to the spin bath without changing the spin bath dynamics. This was useful for discerning whether the limits are inherent to the DDC technique or are due to experimental limitations. ¶ Solid state systems exhibiting long T_2 are typically very specialised systems, such as 29Si dopants in an isotopically pure 28Si and therefore spin free host lattice [16]. These systems rely on on the purity of their environment to achieve long T_2. Despite possessing a long T_2, the spin system remain inherently sensitive to magnetic field fluctuations. In contrast, this work has demonstrated that decoherence times, sufficiently long to rival any solid state system [16], are achievable when the spin of interest is surrounded by a concentrated spin bath. Using the critical point technique results in a hyperfine state that is inherently insensitive to small magnetic field perturbations and therefore more robust for QIP applications.
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Fraval, Elliot. "Minimising the decoherence of rare earth ion solid state spin qubits /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2005. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20061010.124211/index.html.

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Burcher-Jones, Cody Owen. "Mineralogical and ion-exchange leaching study of a Rare Earth Element (REE) bearing ion-adsorption clay deposit." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30161.

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Rare earth elements (REEs), La to Lu including Y, are vital elements in manufacture of catalysts and metallurgical industries, and play a critical role in meeting future energy demands, such as through their use in permanent magnets in wind turbines. China has dominated more than 90 % of the REE market, with heavy REE (HREE) clay deposits in South China accounting for 35 % of their total REE output. This has prompted the evaluation of ion-adsorption clay (IAC) deposits in tropical regions outside China, namely Madagascar. Clay minerals such as kaolinite are part of the phyllosilicate class, containing structures of shared octahedral aluminium and tetrahedral silicon sheets. Isomorphous substitutions within the lattice leads to a charge imbalance, which accounts for negative charge on kaolinite, thus giving the ability to attract REE cations from aqueous solution to the surface of the clay particle. IAC deposits are formed from the tropical weathering of granite with REE enrichment from accessory minerals. IAC clay samples of two regolith profiles, the pedolith (A1) and saprock (A2, B and F) from northern Madagascar were collected and subjected to a suite of characterisation techniques to investigate the properties of the clay mineral. This included particle size distribution (PSD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The geochemical leaching characteristics of the clay mineral were investigated using a sequential leaching program, targeting ion-exchangeable REE on kaolinite, halloysite, REEorganic matter and mineral phase. Ammonium sulphate leach experiments were conducted, varying the ionic strength to determine optimum leaching concentrations. Seawater is easily available at the coastal mine, therefore simulated seawater (NaCl) experiments were conducted with the addition of ammonium sulphate to improve the REE recovery. Compound leaching agents were investigated including varying magnesium / ammonium ratios in a sulphate system as well as ammonium in a varying nitrate / sulphate ratio system. The magnesium ion was investigated to correct the Mg deficiency in soils after leaching and the nitrate ion was investigated due to its high ionic permeability in kaolinite. Ion-adsorption clay leaching includes the leaching of impurities such as Al, Fe, Mg, K, Na, Ca and Mn. Ammoniumsulphate experiments with increasing amounts of ammonium acetate were conducted. Ammonium acetate acts a buffering agent to inhibit the leaching of the main impurity Al. The texture of sample A1 (5 to 6.5 m) was homogenous, with the QEMSCAN results showing Fe minerals distributed through the kaolinite, giving it a red appearance. The saprock samples A2, B and F have a heterogeneous texture due to the preservation of the primary texture. The QEMSCAN results show that this texture is composed of pure white kaolin, kaolin with red staining due to Fe minerals, tawny staining due to Al minerals and black phases containing Mn minerals. These Mn minerals show Ce deposited as the mineral cerianite, unavailable for ion-exchange. The pedolith sample was light REE (LREE) enriched but depleted in total REE (TREE = 1 503 ppm) compared with the saprock samples (TREE = 7 006 ppm on average). The saprock samples show LREE and HREE enrichment with samples A2 and F having La / Gd ratio of 17.4 and Gd / Lu ratios of 1.2. The more crystalline samples A2 and F (Hinckley index 0.40 and 0.44 respectively) are more REE enriched than the more weathered sample B (Hinckley index 0.32). The geochemical characterisation of sample A1 showed decreasing REE recovery from LREE to HREE from kaolinite whereas sample A2 showed consistent recovery across the REEs from kaolinite with both showing little Ce recovery. The best TREE recovery for samples A1 and A2 in the chloride system achieved with was NH4 + (44.3 % and 83.1 % respectively) followed by Na+ (39.5 % and 72.2 %) and Mg2+ (28.9 % and 72.1 % respectively). For sample A1 the recovery from the kaolinite fraction was 37.7 %, halloysite 5.1 %, organic 1.6 % and mineral 55.7 %. The proportion of ion-exchangeable REE is increased in sample A2 showing a recovery from the kaolinite fraction of 66.9 %, halloysite 12.7 %, organic 3.5 % and mineral 16.9 %. The results from increasing the ionic strength of ammonium sulphate shows that TREE leachant concentration increases as the concentration increases but decreases above 0.25 M. This indicates that the ammonium sulphate concentration saturates at 0.25 M and any further lixiviant increase eliminates access to the kaolinite surface. The simulated seawater experiments indicate that some addition of ammonium sulphate is beneficial as the addition of 0.05 M ammonium sulphate almost doubled the TREE leachant concentration. However excess addition of ammonium sulphate above 0.05 M had adverse effects on the leachant concentration of the LREEs. It was concluded from the compound leaching experiments that the Mg2+ ion can be used to supplement ammonium leaching with the greatest leachant concentration using a Mg2+:NH4 + ratio of 1:2 (equal charge). This ratio would produce a high REE leachant concentration while keeping Mg available for plants (flora). Compound leaching with the nitrate ion shows that the greatest REE leachant concentration was with a NO3 - :SO4 2- ratio of 2:1 (equal charge) due to increased nitrate ion permeability. The results from the addition of ammonium acetate as a buffer showed that the buffer inhibited the leaching of Al in both samples A1 and F, with the greatest inhibition at 0.05 M. The characterisation experiments illustrate the complexity of the in-situ clay deposit and further work should use this information to construct leaching models that take into account the heterogeneity of saprock samples. The leaching experiments show that compound leaching can improve REE recovery and further work should incorporate multiple lixiviants in in-situ leaching models.
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Wood, Timothy James. "Structural studies of rare earth silicides on silicon by medium-energy ion scattering." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434176.

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Sakr, Hesham. "Towards mid-infrared fibre lasers : rare earth ion doped chalcogenide glasses and fibres." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33338/.

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This Project is aimed at developing rare earth ion doped chalcogenide glasses targeting mid-infrared (MIR) fibre lasers, emitting in the wavelength region 4 - 5 μm. The work reported in this thesis has two objectives: (i) a study of the Ge-As-In-Se glass system when doped with a single species of rare earth (RE) ions, i.e. praseodymium (Pr3+) or cerium (Ce3+), or when co-doped with two rare earth ion species: Pr3+ and Ce3+, and (ii) a study of the effect of replacing a gallium (Ga) additive with an indium (In) additive on the physical and optical properties of the undoped and Pr3+ doped Ge-As-(Ga/In)-Se glasses and fibres. The MIR, i.e. 3 - 25 μm wavelength, offers to advance many photonics areas including bio-medical imaging spectroscopy for human tissue sensing in vivo for early cancer diagnosis. Low loss RE-ion doped MIR fibre lasers are potential pumps for MIR supercontinuum generation (SCG) sources for a compact MIR broadband device. Also, MIR fibre narrowband lasers offer potential new wavelengths for laser medical surgery. To date, there are no MIR rare earth ion doped glass fibre lasers emitting at wavelengths ≥ 4 μm. Selenide (Se)-based glasses, a member of the chalcogenide glass family, are known for their wide transparency up to 12 μm and good rare earth ion solubility. In the Project, an additive to the Ge-As-Se glass system of indium or gallium is considered to help decluster the rare earth ions and increase their solubility in the as-prepared Pr3+ doped Ge-As-(Ga/In)-Se glasses. However, an indium additive is concluded here to achieve a lower rare earth ion solubility limit than that obtained using the equivalent gallium additive in the Ge-As-(Ga/In)-Se glass systems. On the other hand, the photoluminescent intensity is concluded here to be approximately doubled when using an indium additive in Pr3+ doped Ge-As-In- Se, compared to the analogous gallium glasses. Furthermore, the decay lifetime, at the same emission wavelength of 4.7 μm, is found to be longer in the Pr3+ doped Ge-As-In-Se glasses when compared to the Pr3+ doped Ge-As- Ga-Se glasses. Overall, for a singly-doped Ge-As-In-Se glass system, Pr3+ offer wide photoluminescence spectral emission in the range 3 - 6 μm, which promotes this type of glass fibre as an active source for MIR laser emission in the target range of 4 - 5 μm. However, the photoluminescent decay lifetime, at 4.7 μm, of Pr3+ doped Ge-As-In-Se is concluded to decrease substantially with the number of thermal processes invoked to fabricate the glass-based fibres; a lifetime of 7 - 9 ms measured on the as-prepared fibres is compared to the decay lifetime of 9 - 10.1 ms that were found in the bulk glasses. Alternatively, the addition of Ce3+ in the Ge-As-In-Se glass system is concluded to offer a larger absorption cross-section than that of the Pr3+ in the wavelength range 3.5 - 5 μm. Co-doping the Pr3+ / Ce3+ in Ge-As-In-Se in order to enhance the MIR photoluminescence emission in the range 3 - 6 μm is also investigated. It is concluded that rare earth ions, in particular Ce3+ and / or Pr3+, doped chalcogenide glass fibres based on the Ge-As-In-Se glass system, developed through this Project, are strong candidates towards achieving MIR fibre lasers.
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Ridley, Mark K. "Gradient ion chromatographic determination of rare earth elements in coal and fly ash." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18597.

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Rare Earth Element (REE) determination in samples of coal and fly ash was undertaken by gradient high performance ion chromatography (HPIC). Ion chromatographic analysis requires that samples be in solution and that the matrix transition metals be removed. Coal samples, weighing 0.20g, were successfully dissolved in sealed pressure vessels in a microwave oven. Standard ashing procedures, followed by acid dissolution, were carried out to allow comparison with the microwave digestion technique. A lithium metaborate/tetraborate fusion and acid dissolution technique was used for the dissolution of fly ash. For the technique of REE determination the sample matrix was removed by off-line cation exchange. In an initial stage of the HPIC analysis the transition metals were removed by anion exchange using pyridine-2,6 dicarboxylic acid. The REE were then analysed using gradient elution of oxalic and diglycolic acid. Typically a 100μ1 volume of sample solution was employed for REE determination, but in the case of low ash (low REE) coal samples, prepared by microwave digestion, on-line concentration of 3-5 ml of sample, was necessary. The separated REE were reacted with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) and detected photometrically using a visible light detector at a wavelength of 520nm. Reproducibility for each REE was typically better than 5%CoV. Results from the analysis of coal and fly ash international standard reference materials were in acceptable agreement with values from alternative analytical procedures. Smooth, coherent trends obtained when the data were plotted on chondrite and "shale composite" normalised diagrams provided some support for the accuracy of the technique. The application of HPIC to the determination of REE in coals was demonstrated by the analysis of a new international reference coal sample, USGS CLB-1. Differences in REE concentrations between coal samples prepared by microwave digestion and ashing were observed. The HPIC analytical technique was also applied to the determination of REE in fly ash. The REE concentrations of fly ash from sequential electrostatic precipitators, from Lethabo and Kendal power stations, were determined to elucidate the behaviour of REE after the combustion of coal. REE concentrations increased through the sequential precipitators.
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Gonçalves, Tássia de Souza. "Caracterização estrutural e espectroscópica de vidros fluorofosfatos dopados e co-dopados com Er3+ e Yb3+." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-18082014-150349/.

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Atualmente, vidros e vitrocerâmicas dopados com íons terras raras trivalentes TR3+ constituem a mais importante classe de materiais para aplicações laser e em outros dispositivos ópticos, na região do infravermelho próximo e visível. Neste contexto, um dos desafios está em encontrar uma matriz hospedeira adequada que assegure qualidade óptica e um ótimo desempenho dos íons dopantes (altas seções de choque de absorção e emissão, baixa probabilidade de decaimentos não radiativos, tempos de vida de estado excitado suficientemente longos), mantendo estabilidade térmica e mecânica. Entre os possíveis candidatos, estão os vidros fosfatos com alta capacidade de dispersão dos dopantes, baixo índice de refração e propriedades termo-ópticas superiores aos silicatos, calcogenetos e fluoretos. Contudo, estes vidros apresentam alta energia de fônons, menor estabilidade química e mecânica e são higroscópicos, o que pode constituir um significativo mecanismo de supressão da luminescência devido ao acoplamento de transições dos TR3+ com vibrações de grupos hidroxila. Se por um lado vidros fluoretos podem ser obtidos com baixas energias de fônon e alta estabilidade química, os mesmos são mecanicamente frágeis e apresentam más características termo-ópticas. Para superar estas limitações, vidros oxifluoretos como fluorofosfatos têm sido explorados com a promessa de combinar os méritos dos fluoretos (baixas energias de fônon, baixos índices de refração, extensa janela de transmissão óptica) e dos óxidos (alta estabilidade química e resistência mecânica, maior solubilidade dos TR3+). Do ponto de vista das aplicações, considerando a transmissão e amplificação de sinais em telecomunicação em torno de 1,5 µm, e geração de ação laser de alta potência em torno de 1,0 µm, materiais dopados com Er3+ e Yb3+ estão entre os mais importantes. Neste trabalho apresenta-se a síntese e caracterização estrutural e espectroscópica de novos vidros fluorofosfatos dopados com Er3+ ou Yb3+ e co-dopados com ambos, no sistema composicional 25BaF225SrF2(30-x)Al(PO3)3xAlF3 (20-z)YF3:zTRF3 com x = 20 ou 15, TR = Er3+ e/ou Yb3+ e z = 0,25, 0,5, 1,0, 2,0, 3,0, 4,0 e 5,0 mol%. As amostras foram obtidas pelo método convencional de fusão e resfriamento e caracterizadas por Raman, Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de estado sólido e espectroscopia UV-VIS. Dos estudos por RMN de 19F verificou-se que há uma perda máxima de fluoreto de ~20% nas amostras. Ainda assim, a quantidade remanescente foi suficiente para garantir um ambiente químico favorável às emissões e poucas diferenças foram notadas entre as amostras com 20 e 15 mol% AlF3 contendo a mesma concentração de dopantes. Para o Er3+, tempos de vida do estado emissor 4I13/2 da ordem de 10 ms implicam em altos valores de eficiência quântica (η= 85%) e para o Yb3+ tempos de vida do estado emissor 2F5/2 similarmente longos (τ = 1,7 ms) foram medidos. Em amostras co-dopadas com 4,0 mol% YbF3 e 0,25, 1,0 e 2,0 mol% ErF3 o decréscimo do tempo de vida do Yb3+ e acréscimo do tempo de vida do Er3+ indicam que a transferência Yb→Er foi eficiente neste sistema. De maneira geral, os resultados indicam que os vidros estudados são potenciais candidatos a aplicações ópticas como as mencionadas acima.
Currently, glasses and glass ceramics doped with trivalent rare earth ions RE3+ represent the most important class of materials for laser and other optical applications in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. In this context, one of the challenges is to find host matrices that assure good optical quality and optimum performance of the dopant ions (high absorption and emission cross sections, low probability of non-radiative decays, sufficiently long excited state lifetimes), while still maintaining thermal and mechanical stabilities. Among the candidates, phosphate glasses with high capacity for RE3+ dispersion, low refractive index and superior thermo-optical properties than silicate, chalcogenide and fluoride glasses are largely studied. However, phosphates present high phonon energies, lower chemical and mechanical stabilities and they are hygroscopic, which can imply in significant luminescence quenching effects. If on one hand fluoride glasses may be designed with low phonon energies and higher chemical stability, they are frail and present less than ideal thermo-optical properties. In order to overcome these drawbacks, oxyfluoride glasses such as fluorophosphates have been explored with the promise to combine the merits of fluorides (low phonon energies and refractive index, extensive optical window) and of oxides (high chemical stability and chemical resistance, higher solubility of RE3+). From the viewpoint of applications, when it comes to the transmission and amplification of signal in telecommunications around 1.5 µm, and the generation of high power lasers around 1.0 µm, materials doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ are among the favorite. Furthermore, because Yb3+ presents higher absorption cross-section than Er3+ at the preferred excitation wavelength for both these ions (980 nm), the former can act as an efficient sensitizer of excitation energy with subsequent transfer to the latter. We present the synthesis, and structural and spectroscopic characterization of new flurophosphate glasses doped with Er3+ or Yb3+ and co-doped with both, in the compositional system 25BaF225SrF2(30x)Al(PO3)3 xAlF3 (20- z)YF3:zREF3 with x = 20 or 15, RE = Er3+ and/or Yb3+ and z = 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mol%. The samples were obtained by conventional melt quenching technique and characterized by Raman, solid state NMR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. From the NMR studies of 19F, it was shown that there is a maximum fluoride loss of 20% in the samples. Even so, the remaining quantity was enough to assure a favorable chemical environment to the RE3+ emissions. Little differences were detected between the samples with 20 and 15 mol% AlF3 for the same dopant concentration. For Er3+, lifetimes of the emitting level 4I13/2 of the order of 10 ms result in fluorescence quantum efficiency values (η = 85%), and similarly, for Yb3+, long lifetimes of the excited state 2F5/2 (τ = 1,7 ms) were measured. In co-doped samples with 4.0 mol% YbF3 and 0.25, 1.0 and 2.0 mol% ErF3 the decrease in lifetime of Yb3+ and increase in lifetime of Er3+ indicate that the Yb→Er energy transfer is efficient in this system. In general, the results indicate that the studied glasses are potential candidates for optical applications.
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Books on the topic "Rare earth ion dopants"

1

Schneider, David L. The determination of rare earth elements in marine sediments by ion-exchange separation and ICP emission spectrometry. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1987.

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Karshman, Samir. The determination of rare earth elements in geological materials by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry following ion-exchange separation. [s.l: s.n.], 1992.

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J, Froisland L., and Petersen A. E, eds. Rapid separation of heavy rare-earth elements. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1995.

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W, Street Kenneth, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Solid phase luminescence of several rare earth ions on ion-exchange films. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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W, Street Kenneth, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Solid phase luminescence of several rare earth ions on ion-exchange films. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Solid Phase Luminescence of Several Rare Earth Ions on Ion-Exchange Films. Independently Published, 2018.

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R, Reddy B., Venkateswarlu P, and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. Development of infrared sensors using energy transfer/energy upconversion process: Study of laser excited fluorescence in rare earth ion doped crystals. [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1994.

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Development of Infrared Sensors Using Energy Transfer/Energy Upconversion Processes: Study of Laser Excited Fluorescence in Rare Earth Ion Doped Crystals. Independently Published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rare earth ion dopants"

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Jones, R., and B. Hourahine. "Theoretical Modelling of Rare Earth Dopants in GaN." In Topics in Applied Physics, 1–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2877-8_33.

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Powell, Richard C. "Rare-Earth-Ion Laser Materials." In Physics of Solid-State Laser Materials, 339–79. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0643-9_9.

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Kolesnikov, Ilya, and Alina Manshina. "Rare Earth Ion Based Luminescence Thermometry." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 69–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77646-6_5.

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Chen, Xuesheng. "Rare Earth Ion Doped Ceramic Laser Materials." In Frontiers of Optical Spectroscopy, 721–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2751-6_24.

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Tabata, Shuhei, Yoshihiro Hirata, Soichiro Sameshima, and Yoshimitsu Uemura. "Colloidal Processing of SiC with Rare-Earth Ion." In Key Engineering Materials, 123–28. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-965-2.123.

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Kołodyńska, Dorota, Dominika Fila, Bernadeta Gajda, Jerzy Gęga, and Zbigniew Hubicki. "Rare Earth Elements—Separation Methods Yesterday and Today." In Applications of Ion Exchange Materials in the Environment, 161–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10430-6_8.

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Collins, John. "Principles and Applications of Rare Earth Ion-Doped Nanoparticles." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 339–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9133-5_16.

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Collins, John. "Principles and Applications of Rare Earth Ion-Doped Nanoparticles." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 315–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5313-6_15.

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Deqian, Li, Wang Zhonghuai, Song Wenzhong, Meng Shulan, and Ma Gengxiang. "Recommended separation processes for ion-absorbed rare earth minerals." In Hydrometallurgy ’94, 627–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1214-7_41.

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Skorupa, Wolfgang, J. M. Sun, S. Prucnal, L. Rebohle, T. Gebel, A. N. Nazarov, I. N. Osiyuk, and M. Helm. "Rare Earth Ion Implantation for Silicon Based Light Emission." In Solid State Phenomena, 755–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-13-2.755.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rare earth ion dopants"

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Payne, Stephen A., Christopher D. Marshall, Andy J. Bayramian, and Janice K. Lawson. "Conduction-band states and the 5d-4f laser transition of rare-earth ion dopants." In Tunable Solid State Lasers, edited by Wieslaw Strek, Edward Lukowiak, and Barbara Nissen-Sobocinska. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.293425.

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Fouliard, Quentin, Johnathan Hernandez, Hossein Ebrahimi, Khanh Vo, Ranajay Ghosh, Seetha Raghavan, Frank Accornero, Mary McCay, Jun-Sang Park, and Jonathan Almer. "Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction to Quantify In-Situ Strain on Rare-Earth Doped Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59649.

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Abstract The recent advancement in multifunctional thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) for temperature sensing or defect monitoring has gained interest over the past decade as they have shown great potential for optimized engine operation with higher efficiency, reduced fuel consumption and maintenance costs. Specifically, sensor coatings containing luminescent ions enable materials monitoring using integrated spectral characteristics. While facilitating sensing capabilities, luminescent rare-earth dopants ideally present minimal intrusiveness for the thermal barrier coating. However, the effects of rare-earth dopant addition on thermomechanical and thermochemical properties remain unclear. Our study intends to fill this knowledge gap by characterizing coatings’ internal thermomechnical properties under realistic gas turbine engine operating temperatures. In this work, TBC configurations including industry standard coatings and sensor coatings were compared to quantify dopant intrusiveness. The TBC configurations have been characterized using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction while being heated up to gas turbine engine temperatures. The TBC samples have been subjected to a single cycle thermal load with multiple ramps and holds during XRD data collection. Depth-resolved XRD was used to obtain the 2D diffraction patterns corresponding to each depth location for the determination of strain distributions along the TBCs. Internal strains and stresses acting through the coatings were quantified mostly highlighting that there is negligible variation between the standard and novel sensor coatings. Thus, the thermal response at high temperature remains unaffected with addition of luminescent dopants. This evaluation of novel coating configurations provides valuable insight for future safe implementation of these temperature sensing coatings without performance reductions.
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Kawaguchi, Noriaki, Takayuki Yanagida, Yutaka Fujimoto, Atsushi Yamazaki, Kenichi Watanabe, Kentaro Fukuda, Shunsuke Kurosawa, Yoshisuke Futami, Yuui Yokota, and Akira Yoshikawa. "Dopant segregation in Czochralski grown rare-earth-ion doped 6LiCaAlF6 single crystal for thermal neutron detection." In 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2011 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2011.6154638.

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Ruan, Xiulin, and Massoud Kaviany. "Enhanced Laser Cooling of Ion-Doped Nanopowders." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81939.

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Enhanced laser cooling performance of rare-earth ion doped nanocrystalline powders is predicted, using Yb3+:Y2O3 as the model material. This is achieved by enhancing the anti-Stokes off-resonance absorption, which is proportional to the three factors considered in this paper: dopant concentration, pumping field energy, and anti-Stokes transition rate. The concept of the optimum dopant concentration for cooling is proposed based on the fact that higher concentration increases absorption while decreases quantum efficiency. Using the concentration quenching theory of energy transfer, the optimum concentration, which gives the maximum cooling power, is found to be larger than the currently used value, suggesting noticeable enhancement effects for laser cooling. The pumping field energy is enhanced in random nanopowders compared with bulk crystals under the same irradiation, due to the multiple scattering of photons. Photons are thus localized in the medium and do not propagate through, increasing the photon absorption of the pumping beam. This also contributes significantly to laser cooling enhancement. Using molecular dynamics simulations, the phonon density of states (DOS) of the nanopowder is calculated, and found to have extended, small tails at low and high frequencies. The second-order electronic transition rate for the anti-Stokes luminescence is calculated using the Fermi golden rule, which includes the influence of this phonon DOS, and is shown to have enhancement effects on the laser cooling efficiency using nanopowders. Finally, it is concluded that these three enhancement mechanisms are exactly equivalent to increasing the number of the three participating carriers (electron, photon, and phonon) in the interacting volume.
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Cardin, Julien, Alexandre Fafin, Christian Dufour, and Fabrice Gourbilleau. "Modeling of optical amplifier waveguide based on silicon nanostructures and rare earth ions doped silica matrix gain media by a finite-difference time-domain method: comparison of achievable gain with Er3+or Nd3+ions dopants." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Bernd Witzigmann, Marek Osiński, Fritz Henneberger, and Yasuhiko Arakawa. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2077611.

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Najafi, S. Iraj, Wei-Jian Wang, John F. Currie, Richard Leonelli, and John L. Brebner. "Ion-Exchanged Rare-Earth Doped Waveguides." In 1989 Intl Congress on Optical Science and Engineering, edited by Giancarlo C. Righini. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.961450.

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Nikonorov, N. V., S. A. Ivanov, D. A. Kozlova, and I. S. Pichugin. "Effect of rare-earth-dopants on Bragg gratings recording in PTR glasses." In SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, edited by Miroslav Hrabovský, John T. Sheridan, and Antonio Fimia. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2265716.

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Petermann, K. "Rare-earth-ion-doped sesquioxide laser materials." In 2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2007.4386227.

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Yablon, A. D. "Measuring the spatial distribution of rare-earth dopants in high-power optical fibers." In SPIE LASE, edited by Jay W. Dawson. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.873291.

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Kindem, Jonathan M., Andrei Ruskuc, John G. Bartholomew, Jake Rochman, Yan Qi Huan, and Andrei Faraon. "Single rare-earth ion spins in nanophotonic resonators." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleopr.2020.c9c_3.

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Reports on the topic "Rare earth ion dopants"

1

Skone, Timothy J. Separation of rare earth elements using ion exchange. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509123.

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Islam, Z. The interplay of long-range magnetic order and single-ion anisotropy in rare earth nickel germanides. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/354997.

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