Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rapports entre femmes'
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Thiaw, Marie Louise. "Rapports différenciés aux médias entre trois générations de femmes réfugiées au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26847.
Full textThis PhD project aims to reflect and analyse how three generations of women refugees are exposed, identify themselves, takes ownership of the media discourse and then discuss them. In other words, it was discussed how identify through intergenerational networks, women transmit, create, and update the knowledge learned from the media, a memory and insertion practices and adaptation to a new environment life. Indeed, immigration favors increasingly hatch. “The diversity of cultures” that are an unavoidable issue in integration (Racine, Marengo, 2000). The media, in turn, are an indispensable source of access to information and culture. The development of transmission technologies such cable networks. Direct broadcast satellite, Internet and digital media allow the consumer, regardless of its origin, to appropriate personally cultural products which in turn determine the participation in working life in the host society. This new cultural integration is it spread easily among immigrant generations? The methodology is based on semi-structured interviews, commentary and reflexive content analysis. The interviews with refugee families stetted in several regions of Quebec (Sherbrooke, Joliette, Quebec City and Montreal) were carried out by a multidisciplinary team, multicultural and female. The originality of this research lies among others in the collection of information that is made from generational trios (grandmother, mother and daughter)” Each member of the trio was met individually and thereafter, the trio formed for a final group interview. Thus a thematic analysis of the speech of respondents was conducted. This analysis allowed to put into perspective various prominent elements relating to the relationship between the media and each member of generational trio. It was found that the media are understood differently by each member of the trip, the media such as television and the Internet are the most popular with young people and are used to window on both the host country of openness to the world and expressing oneself face the frustrations experience in Quebec. Finally, an analysis of the issue of intergenerational transmission of the prism of the media between the three-generation of refugee woman was made because this research is part of a larger project of intergenerational transmission of knowledge, practice and mutual aid between three generations of women refugees in Quebec (Vatz Laroussi, Guilbert & al. CRSH, 2009-2012). It is observed that the trios, the transmission is not unidirectional. It goes in all directions. Outside the box become a creative space.
Bellier, Irène. "La part des femmes. Essai sur les rapports entre les femmes et les hommes MAI HUNA (Amazonie Péruvienne)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373408.
Full textBellier, Irène. "La part des femmes. Essai sur les rapports entre les femmes et les hommes mai huna (amazonie peruvienne)." Paris, EHESS, 1986. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373408.
Full text"women's share" is a monograph of the mai huna society (western tukanoan peruvian amazon) presented under the problematic of the relations between men and women. A first point deals about the history of the mai huna in order to understand the transformations of that society compared to the eastern and western (other) tukanoan groups. The modalities of the social relation between the sexes are introduced through the study of social organisation, kinship and political organisation. The principles of human reproduction -regulation and representation of sexuality, conception, and "child's production" - show that the physiological reproduction is politically controlled by men. Then the construction of sexual identity -cultural as well as biolo- gical data - is treated and the male and female roles are identified. Sexual difference is the first aspect of alterity and this polarisa- tion appears in the relations that the mai huna society entertains with nature and supernature. The conception of time is built on male reference and the representation of nature, animal and plant nature, is based on female characters. So it results that men and women inter- act in a different way with natural world. The sexual division of labour, and the share of the labour product, take peculiar forms : the complementarity between the sexes serves the social inequality. The women are subordinated to the men who determine their place and share
Bellier, Irène. "La Part des femmes essai sur les rapports entre les femmes et les hommes Mai Huna, Amazonie péruvienne." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595821f.
Full textBen, Ghacham Houda. "Ecritures féminines de la guerre : un état des rapports de pouvoir entre les sexes." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080027/document.
Full textWar is in essence a masculine activity. Women were not allowed to use weapons and to make war in early human communities. Historically speaking, women had never been required to take part in collective violence to defend their group interests. These historical and anthropological data have led us to raise the issue of the writing of women about extreme violence, with the Lebanon war as a case in point, through a corpus of three women's novels.By relating the late advent of the writing of women and the historical discrimination of women in the Arab world, we have been able to consider the writing of women within the power relationships opposing both sexes. This has allowed us to question the state of those power relationships in women's writing about an activity which is out of reach of women and at the same time concerns society as a whole.War in women's writing is considered, reported and staged according to common main lines: the all-importance of space as it has been reconstructed by the conflict as such, being fully in control by armed confrontations; time is subservient to divided up space; men/women relationships characterized by symptoms of discord, disunion and separation brought about by the civil war. The rejection of the armed conflict and the radical criticism of the resistance of authoritarian and unfair social structures to the modern dynamics of female and human emancipation bring together the works under study in spite of the different aesthetical choices opposing them. A new feminine self materializes, liberated from the sacrificial burden of the traditional social contract
Sineau, Mariette. "La politique : un enjeu majeur dans les rapports de pouvoir entre sexes." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0004.
Full textChabassier, Joane. "L' espace de la cause des femmes en France : entre formes d'actions collectives, dynamiques d'engagement et rapports au politique." Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO2005.
Full textBetween forms of collective actions, commitments dynamics and relations to politics. This thesis questions the condition of women's issues in France through its logics and its mechanisms of formation, structuring and implementation. It examines the actions of its commited players, and the determinant elements of the existence of the cause. What speeches, claims, watchwords contribute to unite for a cause? Who commit himself to and for what? In what extent a « belief in women's issues » can emerge and institutionalize? Between individual dynamic and incorporation within a collective framework, the dialectical approach of a joint action for the establishment of the cause has developed around the interconnection between speech production on the cause, confirmation of the watchwords as universal of the cause and establishment of the content of the belief/confidence in the cause. The alliance of the quantitative and qualitative approachs enable us to highlight competitive logics about the existence of women's issues, namely: a social space in which come several engagements, allowing us to question the commitments dynamics within/inside the cause. The different relations to politics underlined by the observation of various forms of collective actions and the diversity of commitments dynamics show how this space is organised, how it orders itself based on the multipositionality abilities of the agents. So, the features of that space bring out the stake of the intersection of resources to legitimate by and for the cause, that fit into power relations constituent of the global social space
Galerand, Elsa. "Les rapports sociaux de sexe et leur (dé)matérialisation : retour sur le corpus revendicatif de la marche mondiale des femmes de 2000." Thèse, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2456/1/D1831.pdf.
Full textGuehaz, Lamia. "Rapport à la sexualité des femmes de culture arabo-islamique : entre traditions, religion et modernité(s)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2073/document.
Full textSex education is firstly cultural. Sexuality is a social construction which is being perpetuated inside families. For a long time, it has been inexistent and silent within Arab-Muslim families. Today, mothers are concerned about their culture and some principles. They adopted a new sex education, different from their mother's, combining religion and western vision. They are opting for educational strategies based on the quest of meaning, logic, reason and religion. That is why they transmit a morality and often refer to scriptural texts to convince their daughters about the benefits of a sexuality based on preservation. They insist on the “others” differences
Casamayor, Cisneros Odette. "Lectures de Cuba : entre récit et réalité : études sur les rapports entre le récit cubain contemporain et la réalité sociale." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA111.
Full textThis study seeks to interrogate Cuban narrators in regards to their social reality. Here the literary text becomes a labyrinth to seek answers, a place in which a given social context is expressed. And the Cuban authors ? Those that reform the world, express their place in society as a result of their own Cuban experience. They may have been born, lived, or have written in Cuba. They may make claim to or dream of the Island in exile. Yet none of these circumstances define the identification to a nation. A. Carpentier, J. Lezama Lima, V. Piñera, S. Sarduy, R. Arenas, G. Cabrera Infante, L. Cabrera, J. Diaz, L. Padura, S. Paz, A. Estévez, P. -J. Gutiérrez, Z. Valdés, E. -L. Portela, and so many more. A wealth of authors not extensively studied. They seem to appear only when their prose offers a particular entryway to on a given topic: power, homosexuality, race, the condition of women, the aforementioned national identity. Because an analysis of Cuban society today is particularly focused on these very particular conditions, who exercise an important influence on one’s perception of contemporary Cuban reality. An analysis of this vision of the world and its interpretation within the works of Cuban narrators is central to our investigation. By studying these visions of the world one can begin to explain the different perceptions these authors have of their own humanity. It is, nonetheless, in society that the conflicts of being are manifested in concrete form. Becoming a part of their comprehensive description of the vision of the world, the social experiences that derive from homosexuality, nationality, feminism, race or power relations, we can then better explain the different interpretations that each author develops in regards to these conditions. What then might this set of interpretations of Cuban reality mean to the reader ? No doubt they offer some path in understanding one’s own interpretation of Cuban reality
Charron, Hélène. "Représentations des rapports sociaux de sexe et naturalisme dans le savoir sociologique de la Belle Époque en France : une analyse de "L'Année sociologique" (1898-1913)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17958.
Full textPinard, Émilie. "«Construire son futur» : production de l'habitation et transformation des rapports de genre à Pikine, Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25529.
Full textCette thèse porte sur la production de l’habitation des quartiers informels et sur sa participation dans le processus d’autonomisation des femmes sénégalaises. Elle documente les acteurs, normes et pratiques impliqués dans la construction résidentielle, par l’étude des cas de dix-sept femmes propriétaires et de leur maison dans quatre quartiers de Pikine, en périphérie de Dakar. Supportée par un cadre théorique qui permet de concevoir l’habitation comme un processus dynamique et multidimensionnel, cette étude met en lumière les rapports sociaux développés autour de la mobilisation des ressources pour construire et de la transformation de la forme bâtie. L’approche méthodologique combine des entretiens narratifs avec les propriétaires sur des séquences de vie et l’histoire de leur maison, des relevés architecturaux, des entretiens avec des intervenants locaux et une enquête sur la population et les habitations des quartiers étudiés. Une attention particulière est portée aux moyens individuels et collectifs déployés par les femmes pour la production de leur habitation, afin d’en éclairer les possibilités et contraintes pour la transformation des rapports de genre et l’autonomisation. La thèse montre que les femmes doivent s’appuyer sur divers réseaux pour mobiliser les ressources pour construire, tout en s’assurant de sécuriser celles-ci pour protéger, à long terme, les possibilités qu’elles ont créées pour elle-même et leur famille et, par le fait même, négocier ou transformer les normes sociales qui les désavantagent. Dans ce processus, l’espace résidentiel devient pour les propriétaires un médium des rapports aux autres et peut contribuer au maintien ou à la perte de cet équilibre entre l’accès à de nouvelles ressources et la sécurisation des acquis. Cette étude remet ainsi en question les interprétations, à la base de nombreux écrits et politiques de logement, sur la nature spontanée des quartiers informels et sur les principaux objectifs associés à la construction dans ce contexte. Pour les femmes propriétaires, le processus de production en lui-même représente une voie vers de nouvelles possibilités sociales et économiques porteuses d’une plus grande sécurité et d’une autonomie; pour « construire son futur », transformer activement sa maison est donc souvent plus important que l’obtention d’un bâtiment fini.
This thesis examines informal housing production and its contribution to the empowerment of Senegalese women. It documents the everyday practices, norms and social relationships involved in the construction of houses “from below”, through a detailed analysis of women owners and their houses in four unplanned neighbourhoods of Pikine, in the periphery of Dakar. Considering housing as a dynamic and multidimensional process, this study sheds light on people’s interactions over resource transactions and space, while paying attention to negotiations and inequalities associated with these processes and their consequences for daily life in the city. It describes the strategies through which women owners produce their house and secure a place for themselves and their family in the urban agglomeration, and the spatial and social consequences of these processes. In-depth interviews and life stories with women owners and their families were conducted in combination with architectural surveys of their houses, interviews with key actors involved in land subdivision and housing production, and surveys on land transaction and housing conditions. The thesis shows that women need to draw on a wide range of networks to access resources and at the same time continually negotiate and protect the space of opportunity they have created for themselves; in doing so, they resist and transform social and spatial norms. These results question the usual interpretation according to which obtaining a finished house is the main objective of house construction: for women, the production process itself represents a path towards greater security, but also towards an array of new social and economic possibilities, that are often more significant than the (sometimes never reached) final result.
Ouamabia-Le, Gall Azilda. "Le "Monstre froid" et la Rebelle : étude des rapports entre la femme et le pouvoir politique dans l'oeuvre romanesque de Sony Labou Tansi." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120011.
Full textGiguère, Karen. "Le rôle des rapports sociaux de sexe dans la vulnérabilité au VIH/sida de jeunes Maliennes s’adonnant à des activités sexuelles contre rétribution." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24916/24916.pdf.
Full textKarimi, Fatemeh. "Les rapports sociaux de sexe dans les forces politiques kurdes en Iran entre 1979 et 1991 : le Komala." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0117.
Full textThis thesis analyses gender relations within Komala, the left-wing Kurdish organization that was emerged on the Iranian political scene after the 1979 Revolution. In order to make visible the events peculiar to this historical period, ignored and forgotten both by researchers as well as political and social movements in Iran, the thesis examines gender inequalities within the organization, focusing on women’s political participations and engament. To do so, the thesis draws on the political experiences and life stories of ex-Peshmerga (fighters in Kurdish) gathered through numerous interviews.Analyzing the trajectories of militant Kurdish women in the organization, carried out with the help of gender and feminist studies, makes it possible to observe the inter-articulations and reconfigurations of the sexual division of reproductive labor, the sexual division of revolutionary labor, and sexist representations.According to the results of this thesis, the sexual divisions of labor are reconfigured within the organization through unequal and asymmetrical relations between men and women. Whereas Kurdish women were socially confined to the domestic space until the 1979 Revolution, they played a new and active role as Peshmerga in the political sphere which, nonetheless, was not easily accessible to and feasible for them. To enter political life, in particular armed struggle, women had to encounter various obstacles, including masculinity and the difficulties involved in the creation of ‘non-mixed’ spaces. Although the organization has considered itself ‘revolutionary’ and ‘avant-garde’ on gender norms, and despite women’s efforts to modify those norms, Komala remains structured by the sexual division of labor in the context of armed struggle
Wilson, Anna. "Constructions et déconstructions du sujet féminin : l'ambivalence des relations entre femmes en situation d'oppression dans les romans d'Assia Djebar et de Toni Morrison." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL121.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the relational dynamic between female characters trapped in patterns of domination and oppression in the literary work of Assia Djebar and Toni Morrison, and its part in their construction or deconstruction as subjects in the face of this oppression. Drawing primarily from eight works from the two writers - La Soif, Les Impatients, Ombre sultane and La Femme sans sépulture by Djebar and Sula, Beloved, Love and A Mercy by Morrison - this study takes as its focal point subjugated Algerian and African-American women situated in duos or trios. Starting from the observation that situations of ethnoracial, socioeconomic and gender oppression complicate the advent of these subaltern women to subject status, this work analyzes female relationships in their ambivalence: by investigating the modalities of imitation and counter-imitation at work, it sets out to interrogate the role of connections between women as much in the (de)construction of individual identity and subjectivity as in the possibility of collective action between women in order to free themselves from domination. Through an examination of their manifestations and effects, this thesis explores relationships between women as a factor in both the edification and neutralization of identity, in the sense that they can empower women to individuate as singular, autonomous subjects, or conversely, they can destroy their individuality by relegating them to undifferentiated, disempowered non-beings. In response to this authorial scripting of oppression, the aim of this study is to determine the extent to which connections between women, in terms of their impact on identity and subjectivity, either undo or reinforce the subjugation and social invisibility of subaltern women in these narratives
Charron, Hélène. "Les formes de l'illégitimité intellectuelle : genre et sciences sociales françaises entre 1890 et 1940." Thèse, Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3209.
Full textIn this dissertation in historical sociology, I analyze gender relations and the construction of women’s intellectual legitimacy in the French social sciences between 1890 and 1940. To that end, I study the social positions, the intellectual productions, and the reception of women in the main social science periodicals leaning towards sociology and anthropology. The pivotal point of my demonstration is women’s university enrolment and graduation. The first part of my dissertation is about women lacking a university diploma that nevertheless played a role in the social sciences before 1914, mainly through participating in the reformist circle of influence or by being involved in feminine and feminist groups. The “legitimate feminine figures”, i.e. women whose works did not fuel any kind of controversy, are in the most heteronomous parts of the field of study, in which issues about the reformist practice prevail over issues about knowledge. On the other hand, the “figures of transgression”, i.e. women lacking a diploma but pretending to participate in social empirical and theoretical knowledge, provoke negative reactions that, in turn, relegate their heterodox feminist analyzes to the political field. After 1914 and until 1940, the amount of women and of feminine works in periodicals and French social science groups decreased, and women with a university diploma replaced those lacking one. The gender-differentiated processes of evaluation, which contributed to reformulate the antinomy between intellectual competence and femininity, adapted itself to the fact that women had access to university diploma. On the one hand, the majority of newly graduated women heads and is directed towards new social professions (mainly social work) and teaching. Both professions promote competences traditionally associated with women, and construct the latter’s professional identities as disjoint from intellectual, and mainly theoretical, activities. On the other hand, the only graduated women aspiring to stay within the field of the social sciences, and who succeeded before 1940 in gaining a relative recognition for their competence, pursued empirical research, accomplished their work in accredited institutions, took on problems and perspectives sanctioned by the expert community, and did not play the role of feminist activists.
Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales
Boussedra, Saliha. "La question de la prostitution à la lumière du Lumpenproletariat et des rapports entre les sexes chez Marx." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAC024.
Full textThis dissertation studies, in the framework of an exegesis of the texts of Marx between 1844 and 1867, the way in which the former conceived of prostitution and of the relations between the sexes. Prostitution is presented in two ways: it is associated with marriage and private family property and it designates a social activity, as such. To shed light on Marx's report to these questions, it is necessary to review his conception of the proletariat and social classes. An analysis of Marx's texts shows that this begins in 1845, when Marx conceived of his own conception of social class. He proposed, on the one hand, the concept of Lumpenproletariat and, on the other hand, the concept of private family property. The social activity of prostitution is thus definitely included in the Lumpenproletariat; further, the association between marriage and prostitution is only valid for the bourgeoisie, as the working class family had been dissolved. Marx's theoretical evolution led him to reintroduce the concept of the family for the working class, a concept that would enable him in Book I of Capital to envisage relations between the sexes in a contradictory manner within the working class. The relationship between the sexes, first considered from both a generic point of view and from the point of view of private family ownership, will lead Marx to highlight the process of individualization of the "members" of the working class family after the entry of women and children into the social world of work. This work is part of the history of philosophy, so the ambition of this dissertation is to read internally the work of Marx that highlights its position on prostitution and gender relations; it also aims to to open a dialogue between the currents of Marxism and gender studies in an interdisciplinary perspective
Bencivenga, Rita. "Femmes et hommes face à l’ordinateur : histoires du développement d’une relation positive." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100212/document.
Full textWhen we talk about adults using computers, inequalities between women and men very often emerge, and particular emphasis is placed on the negative relationship which women supposedly have with computers. Studies on ways of reducing these inequalities have often been based on information collected by IT professionals or expert users. This leaves out the majority of normal users (both women and men). Therefore we have very little information on people who, although they are not experts or professionals, appreciate computers and use one regularly and confidently. This thesis is aimed at this particular group of people. The main objective was to gather information on how women and men who are regular but non-professional users can form positive relationships with ICT computers. Twenty-five narrative interviews were conducted with this aim in mind. Based on a comparison between the sexes, the study explores potential inequalities between women/men and examines the potential role of gender, that is, a “hierarchical system of norms for each sex”. The results show that positive relationships are based on the same aspects for both women and men. The influence of gender depends on power games and on recognising situations which defy the imagination, in which men are much closer to technology than women
Corbin, Andrée-Ann. "Le changement social à Gringolandia : regard sur le tourisme, les rapports de genre et la jeunesse dans la Riviera Maya." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26839/26839.pdf.
Full textAriey-Jouglard, Myriam. "Conditions de travail des jeunes serveuses dans le quartier touristique de Hô Chi Minh Ville: Une analyse des rapports sociaux de sexe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27001/27001.pdf.
Full textThis thesis describes the working conditions of young waitresses in Phạm Ngũ Lạo, a touristic neighbourhood in Hồ Chí Minh City, Việt Nam. Waitresses, without constituting a homogenous group, are often subjected to heavy workloads and low earnings, which can lead to an intensification of stress, fatigue, and illness. The working conditions affect their health and well-being. This thesis analyzes, with a feminist perspective, the unequal relations between waitresses and their male counterparts, their superiors, and their clients. Those relations, clearly shaped by deep class disparities, are complexified by the presence of a foreign clientele. Sexual harassment is omnipresent in some establishments. Waitresses, confronted with poverty and insecurity, risk being drawn into prostitution. In order to escape this trap and to improve their conditions, they develop various tactics and strategies with mitigated outcome. Keywords: waitress, restauration, poverty, gender, class and race relations, gender and development, touristic neighbourhood, tourism, sexual tourism, prostitution, sexual harassment, tactics and strategies.
Barreau, Léa. "Les mules de la mode : mobilités de commerçantes angolaises entre le Brésil et la Chine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0431/document.
Full textThis thesis is based on the professional experiences of a small group of transnationalAngolan traders how travel abroad to bring back manufactured products (clothing,shoes, and women’s accessories) that they transport in their suitcases withoutdeclaring the commercial aim of this activity. After the end of the Angolan civil war in2002, allowing for the opening of international relations with partners such asPortugal, Brazil, Dubai and China, the feminization of this commercial practiceintensified. This thesis analyzes these phenomena through different case studiesinvolving two waves of female transnational traders: the first being from Angola toBrazil, and the second from Angola to China. By investigating the specific roles ofthese African women in the three different spaces where they were observed, themarkets of São Paulo, Luanda and Guangzhou, the research fits into the perspectiveof globalization from below. By investigating these emancipatory processes, thisresearch attempts to verify if this commercial activity allows the women to becomeconscious of the power relations that marginalize them and whether thisconsciousness develops the capacity to transform them. However, the thesis defendedhere assumes that the characteristics of the “parallel” economy, where the bordersblur between legal and illegal, licit and illicit, condition the capacities of the women’sempowerment and put them at a disadvantage in the collective demands for theirrights. At of time when globalization is accelerating, this study endeavors to give anintimate, feminist vision of mobility through the journey and the life stories of variousAngolan women as they travel between Brazil, Angola and China
Zana, Augusta Rodrigues de Oliveira. "Identidades e posições nas relações sociais em perspectivas feministas : interrogações à psicanálise a partir de articulações entre materialidade e discurso." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/RODRIGUES_DE_OLIVEIRA_ZANA_Augusta_va2.pdf.
Full textBoth in the field of psychoanalysis and in that of feminist and queer studies, different perspectives conceive the identity “women” as a kind of imaginary unification. However, once we recognize the importance of desessentialization, we cannot deny the existence of differentiated vulnerabilities. This tension placed, our objective is to think about the category “women” under the assumption that if there is nothing “genuinely feminine”, but there is indeed a differentiated vulnerability, that category can only be defined by the oppression experienced by them. In order to question psychoanalysis about some feminist perspectives’ contributions, we outline a theoretical-conceptual methodology guided by the “situated knowledge” theoretical-methodological approach based on a theoretical framework anchored in psychoanalysis, notably Freud and Laplanche, and in feminist perspectives. Appealing to propositions outwards identity approaches, such as performativity according to Judith Butler and positions in social relations provided by materialist feminism perspectives, we achieve a non-essentialist understanding of the category “women”, characterized by positions in social relations bounded to concrete and varied forms of oppression, which cannot be understood outside multiple and imbricated social relations. In this perspective, “becoming a woman” can be defined by the experience of oppression, which psychoanalysis allows us to situate as operative standards, such as the principle of gender hierarchy, that at the same time that work reveal their flaw, in the way that is posed to the child as an enigma to translate. Understanding the notion of “women” in those terms allows us to locate gender oppressions, as well as to articulate what would be the “specificity of psychoanalysis” considering the imbrications between discourse (or the field of representation) and materiality
Tanto no âmbito da psicanálise quanto nos campos dos estudos feministas e queer, diferentes perspectivas concebem a identidade “mulheres” como uma espécie de unificação imaginária. No entanto, uma vez reconhecida a importância da dessessencialização, não podemos negar a existência de vulnerabilidades diferenciadas. A partir dessa tensão, nosso objetivo é pensar a categoria “mulheres” segundo a hipótese de que, se não há nada de “autenticamente feminino” e, ao mesmo tempo, existe uma vulnerabilidade diferenciada, tal categoria não pode ser definida senão em virtude de sua opressão. A partir de um referencial teórico ancorado na psicanálise, notadamente Freud e Laplanche, bem como em perspectivas feministas, delineamos uma metodologia de pesquisa teórico-conceitual, orientada pela abordagem teórico-metodológica dos “saberes situados”, a fim de interrogar a psicanálise a partir de inflexões ocasionadas por perspectivas feministas. Fazendo recurso a proposições não-identitárias, tais como a performatividade em Judith Butler e as contribuições de perspectivas feministas materialistas no que se refere a posições nas relações sociais, chegamos a uma compreensão não essencialista da categoria “mulheres”, caracterizada por posições nas relações sociais que circunscrevem formas concretas e variadas de opressão, as quais não podem ser compreendidas senão a partir de relações sociais múltiplas e imbricadas. Nessa perspectiva, o “tornar-se mulher” pode ser concebido enquanto a experiência mesma da opressão, que a psicanálise permite situar a partir de normas operantes – por um princípio de hierarquia de gêneros – ao mesmo tempo em que sempre existe algo que falha, uma vez que essa hierarquia se coloca para a criança como um enigma a traduzir. Esa abordagem possibilita situar opressões gênero-específicas, assim como articular o que seria a “especificidade da psicanálise”, levando em consideração as imbricações entre discurso (ou o campo da representação) e materialidade
Arkhurst, Cécile. "Le rapport entre les femmes séropositives et la maltraitance sexuelle pendant l'enfance." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100068.
Full textThe number of people infected worldwide with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) increases each year. Women account for half of these cases (UNAIDS, 2003). However, there are few studies about women and AIDS in general, and there is virtually nothing written from a psychological perspective. While we await a cure, the prevention of transmission and the identification of high-risk factors for women are paramount. This study introduces the hypothesis that one will find a high percentage of childhood sexual abuse among these women. Since we know that two long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse are at the same time the two most common modes of transmission: intravenous drug use and unprotected sexual intercourse, childhood sexual abuse is presented as a high-risk factor for contracting the virus. Using this hypothesis as a starting point, an analytical model, called Women Confronting AIDS (WCA), was designed to identify and explain the key factors involved in the overall functioning of these women and in their adaptation to their first trauma, childhood sexual abuse, and to their second trauma, a diagnosis of HIV or AIDS. Of the 60 women evaluated, each having either an HIV positive status or a diagnosis of AIDS, 59 disclosed having been a victim of sexual abuse during their childhood. Other results (simple statistics, correlations, analyses of regression) support other factors in the WCA model and clarify the fundamental processes and certain components of adaptation or “maladapation” to trauma in HIV positive women or women living with AIDS. The results highlight the need for a psychological intervention to ameliorate their adaptation to the virus, but also the urgent need for an intervention with teenage girls and women who are HIV negative but were sexually abused during their childhood, because they constitute a new population at risk for contracting the virus. In this way, it may be possible to slow the spread of this devastating virus
Kartibou, Farah. "Rapports entre arts plastiques et mode, travail ironique de l'image de la femme." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010558.
Full textThe research work gradually focused on a more and more deeper investigation of the universe related to fashion, and more particularly to a garment : the strapless corset. This raises the question of the relationships between art and the sewing craft work. We can look into it, through the work of artists such as Natacha Lesueur, Jana Sterbak, Niki de Saint 1 Phalle, Annette Messager and Elsa Schiaparelli. We can notice that most of these artists were feminists and we can make the assumption, that an esthetic work of this nature, involving a reflection on the image of women, creates an awareness on the position we confer to them in our society. Very often, an ironic attitude, even burlesque (or caricatural) was often looked for, to create a distance, and an attitude of surprise, appropriate to trigger an awareness of the situation. Moreover, it is also possible to investigate the body of the woman and the fantast around it, through the existence and the use of symbols such as trimmings, jewels, and bright and flash y materials. Although the representation of fashion has always existed in Art, this work will focus on modern and contemporary artists, who accompanied the birth and the development of the design artwork ... However it is also necessary to take into consideration, what happened during the Renaissance period, during which the notion of craftsmanship has developed, as well as the pathway of the bustier, from its creation until its deconstruction. And finally, how to position some of these works (or analysis) in conjunction with major art, and minor art, art work and artcraft ? Are they an extension of technical and symbolic practices so it leads to a combination
De, Haas Anaïs. "Tenir les mondes à distance : sémiotique de la "découverte", à partir des journaux des marins de la circumnavigation de Bougainville (1766-1769)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH192.
Full textBetween 1766 and 1769, on the Étoile and the Boudeuse, more than three hundred men – and one woman dressed up as a man – sailed around the world. It was one of the first « discovery voyages ». Six of the sailors held logbooks. This thesis offers a study of these logbooks, in order to analyse the discursive processes at work in the descriptions and narrations of the first contacts between the sailors and the people they had met during their stopovers. I begin with a study of the narratives of the stopovers in the Strait of Magellan, and continue with the narratives of the stopover at Tahiti. There, Tahitian men and women welcomed the sailors in a particular way : they offered them food and drink in abundance, invited them into their houses, and suggested to the sailors that they were expected to make love with Tahitian women… The irruption of women and bodies at the foreground of the encounter disrupts the navigators, disrupts their narratives and allows for a better understanding of certain aspects of the « discovering » project – thanks to this disorder, thanks to these intrusions that disrupt the scientific programm. I also analyse the interpretations of theses narratives of the stopover at Tahiti, from the savants of the 18th century until the anthropologists of the 21 century
Mazzola, Manuela. "Ce qui pousse la femme hors-la-loi : de la féminisation de la violence dans ses rapports à la psychanalyse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC169.
Full textOn principle, right treats equally the two sexes while servants domains lead thought in apeace’s deadlock brought by the women and wars brought by the men. Feminine crime hasalways remains minor towards mens. Since crossed analysis from historicians, jurists,criminologists, sociologists and psychologists, groups of researchers mobilize abundant andmultiple sources that reveals the complexity of criminal women’s representations built andsedimented for centuries. Today feminine’s infractions rise forms a new field ofinterdisciplinary research. Better questionning civilization and its discontents on the currenttrend towards feminine violence consists in reopening the Pandora box by this ancestral themeof criminal woman. Under this feminine print which characterises our current world thisthesis initiate us in the path of psychoanalysis researches in its reports with the acting outfrom a clinical practice in prison environment. Feminine’s position is not to be confused withthe feminine jouissance, what this touch of the real from the out-law comes to teach us ?Before failure of the phantasm, both in neurosis and psychosis, violences never ceased toescape (the chain of signifier ou the signifier machine). From the enlightement of freudian’steaching and direct by this non oedipal’s logic introduced by the theory of Lacanianjouissance, we question the violent enactment as a short-circuit of unconscious reality
Mazzola, Manuela. "Ce qui pousse la femme hors-la-loi : de la féminisation de la violence dans ses rapports à la psychanalyse." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC169.
Full textOn principle, right treats equally the two sexes while servants domains lead thought in apeace’s deadlock brought by the women and wars brought by the men. Feminine crime hasalways remains minor towards mens. Since crossed analysis from historicians, jurists,criminologists, sociologists and psychologists, groups of researchers mobilize abundant andmultiple sources that reveals the complexity of criminal women’s representations built andsedimented for centuries. Today feminine’s infractions rise forms a new field ofinterdisciplinary research. Better questionning civilization and its discontents on the currenttrend towards feminine violence consists in reopening the Pandora box by this ancestral themeof criminal woman. Under this feminine print which characterises our current world thisthesis initiate us in the path of psychoanalysis researches in its reports with the acting outfrom a clinical practice in prison environment. Feminine’s position is not to be confused withthe feminine jouissance, what this touch of the real from the out-law comes to teach us ?Before failure of the phantasm, both in neurosis and psychosis, violences never ceased toescape (the chain of signifier ou the signifier machine). From the enlightement of freudian’steaching and direct by this non oedipal’s logic introduced by the theory of Lacanianjouissance, we question the violent enactment as a short-circuit of unconscious reality
Picquet, Audrey. "L'exil et le féminin dans leur rapport à l'étranger : approche psychanalytique et anthropo-philosophique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0239/document.
Full textExile, a very topical question, makes the substratum of this thought. A growing number of works deal with this question, that we have developed here, according to the reading of exiled women books, under a stalling angle of femineity for women. Directed by the psycho-analysis in its questioning the link between psychism and culture, we have been led to take a by-way with the theory in order to understand the enigmatical part of femineity, before having a hint about the way this question is treated by Culture with the help of Anthropology, and feel the consequences of geographic exile on exile and femineity .As a matter of fact, if exile (psychical one) sends someone to one’s unknown part, femineity appears for women as a redoubling of enigmas, as they are dealing with exile and femineity in their intercourse with the extraneous. Besides, the following question comes into view from the different witnesses: “what about femineity for hers, in geographic exile context? “The instability of cultural systems of symbols, upholding those individuals with regard to an “identity feeling “and their bond to the “Other”, makes their landmarks precarious, altering what unites them in their representation of “being a woman “, especially during teenage, experiencing time with femineity .An option then starts for these exiled women, who undergo damaged cultural metaphorical processes: creativity or “ravage”.When the unknown is not considered as a danger but as an opening, it is a place for contriving.On the opposite, if it is considered as a threat coming from outside, they run the risk of a subjective desertion where their desire is cankered in a bond of contagiousness
Bahrani, Fatemeh. "Les inégalités entre époux en droit iranien de la famille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0561.
Full textAt the time of drafting the family protection bill in 2007, there seemed to be a general consensus among politicians, religious, academics and women's rights activists on the need to revise the Iranian family law legislation. However, despite the anticipations, the new family protection law, has totally maintained the same structure of relation between the spouses as that which had been enacted in previous legislations. These inequalities, based on imamite law, have been justified since the end of the 1960s by the theory of non-similarity between man and woman, set forth by ayatollah Motahari. According to the theory of non-similarity, because of their difference in nature, men and women can not have the same tasks. To woman, the role of reproduction of life within the family; to man, the reproduction of wealth in order to provide for the needs of the family. But, the fact that several pecuniary relations between the spouses were affected by the new family protection law proves that from the point of view of the Iranian legislator, the balance which was supposed to dominate the relation between the spouses was disturbed. The study of inequalities in the personal and patrimonial relations of the spouses, the study shows that this division of task does not ensure a peaceful, dignified and balanced married life. The study also proves that the material protection of the wife lasts only during the life of the husband. On another note, the materiel protection measures that are theoretically granted to the wife, are practically very difficult to perceive. Furthermore, such material compensation is not sufficient to recompense for the non-pecuniary damage suffered by her
Corbeil, Johanne. "L'inspiration et le processus de création : une exploration des rapports entre une démarche artistique personnelle et la théorie /." 1998. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=734153011&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textGiguère, Karen. "Le rôle des rapports sociaux de sexe dans la vulnérabilité au VIH/sida de jeunes Maliennes s'adonnant à des activités sexuelles contre rétribution /." 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24916/24916.pdf.
Full textDesrosiers, Chantal. "L'androgynie psychologique comme analyseur des dimensions de l'identité : une reconsidération socio-épistémologique de la reproduction et de la transformation des rapports institués entre les genres /." 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=790297241&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textFleury, Évelyne. "Exploration des perceptions et de l'expérience de jeunes hommes associés aux gangs quant aux rapports de genre et à la sexualité." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1244/1/M10312.pdf.
Full textBouchard, Geneviève. "Ombilic : texte dramatique portant sur le rapport entre le corps et l'identité féminine, suivi d'une analyse de trois monologues selon le concept de crypte revu par Jacques Derrida." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4746/1/M10025.pdf.
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