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Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Smith, Robert C., Richard Seltzer, and Ayana Best. "White Supremacist and Racist Opinion in America 1940s–2018." National Review of Black Politics 4, no. 3-4 (July 2023): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nrbp.2023.4.3-4.100.

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Since the 2008 presidential election of Barack Obama the United States has seen a significant increase in white supremacist and overtly racist attitudes. The rise of the Tea Party in 2009 and numerous other Alt-right conservative movements seemed to foreshadow the election of a presidential candidate like Donald Trump. During his presidency, Donald Trump was arguably the first openly white supremacist and racist president since Woodrow Wilson. He referred to Black Americans as lazy, and Mexicans as rapists and spewed anti-Asian rhetoric throughout his speeches. This paper examines how white supremacist and racist attitudes have changed over time. Using the American National Elections Survey (ANES) and the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) survey data from the 1940s through 2018, we descriptively show the salience of white racist attitudes and their effect on the 2016 presidential election.

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2

Linde, Robyn. "From Rapists to Superpredators: what the practice of capital punishment says about race, rights and the American child." International Journal of Children's Rights 19, no. 1 (2011): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181810x528706.

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AbstractAt the turn of the 20th century, the United States was widely considered to be a world leader in matters of child protection and welfare, a reputation lost by the century's end. This paper suggests that the United States' loss of international esteem concerning child welfare was directly related to its practice of executing juvenile off enders. The paper analyzes why the United States continued to carry out the juvenile death penalty after the establishment of juvenile courts and other protections for child criminals. Two factors allowed the United States to continue the juvenile death penalty after most states in the international system had ended the practice: the politics of American federalism and a system of racial subordination that excluded some juvenile off enders from the umbrella of child protection measures, a conclusion suggesting that racial prejudice has interfered with U.S. compliance with international norms of child welfare and juvenile justice.

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3

Turner, Frederick C., and Marita Carballo de Cilley. "ARGENTINE ATTITUDES TOWARD THE UNITED STATES." International Journal of Public Opinion Research 1, no. 4 (1989): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/1.4.279.

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4

THAYER, NATHANIEL B. "Japanese Attitudes Toward the United States." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 497, no. 1 (May 1988): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716288497001008.

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5

Koropeckyj-Cox, Tanya, and Gretchen Pendell. "Attitudes About Childlessness in the United States." Journal of Family Issues 28, no. 8 (August 2007): 1054–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x07301940.

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6

Guan, Yichen, Dustin Tingley, David Romney, Amaney Jamal, and Robert Keohane. "Chinese views of the United States: evidence from Weibo." International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 20, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/irap/lcy021.

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Abstract We study Chinese attitudes toward the United States, and secondarily toward Japan, Russia, and Vietnam, by analyzing social media discourse on the Chinese social media site, Weibo. We focus separately on a general analysis of attitudes and on Chinese responses to specific international events involving the United States. In general, we find that Chinese netizens are much more interested in US politics than US society. Their views of the United States are characterized by deep ambivalence; they have remarkably favorable attitudes toward many aspects of US influence, whether economic, political, intellectual, or cultural. Attitudes toward the United States become negative when the focus turns to US foreign policy – actions that Chinese netizens view as antithetical to Chinese interests. On the contrary, attitudes toward Japan, Russia, and Vietnam vary a great deal from one another. The contrast between these differentiated Chinese views toward the United States and other countries, on the one hand, and the predominant anti-Americanism in the Middle East, on the other, is striking.

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7

Diamond, Jeff. "African-American Attitudes towards United States Immigration Policy." International Migration Review 32, no. 2 (1998): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2547191.

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8

Pye, Lucian W., and David I. Steinberg. "Korean Attitudes toward the United States: Changing Dynamics." Foreign Affairs 84, no. 3 (2005): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20034402.

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9

Domino, George, and Luisa Perrone. "Attitudes toward Suicide: Italian and United States Physicians." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 27, no. 3 (November 1993): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/xng2-nmwe-tn9v-dtlg.

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The Suicide Opinion Questionnaire was administered to 100 Italian and 100 United States physicians, comparable in age, gender, and medical field. Significant differences were obtained on seven of the eight SOQ scales, with Italian physicians showing greater agreement on the mental illness, right to die, religion, impulsivity, normality, aggression, and moral evil scales. Gender differences were obtained in both samples, with males scoring higher. These results are discussed in terms of cultural differences, especially the role of Catholicism.

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10

RICE, TOM W., and DIANE L. COATES. "GENDER ROLE ATTITUDES IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES." Gender & Society 9, no. 6 (December 1995): 744–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124395009006007.

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11

Gibson, James L., Gregory A. Caldeira, and Lester Kenyatta Spence. "Measuring Attitudes toward the United States Supreme Court." American Journal of Political Science 47, no. 2 (April 2003): 354–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5907.00025.

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12

Ward, Carley, Geoffrey Maruyama, Lara Jessen, Wei Song, Lori Kratchmer, and Rob Zeaske. "Attitudes toward Food Insecurity in the United States." Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 18, no. 1 (September 30, 2018): 400–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asap.12168.

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13

Diamond, Jeff. "African-American Attitudes towards United States Immigration Policy." International Migration Review 32, no. 2 (June 1998): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839803200207.

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14

Webb, Clive, and Robert Cook. "British attitudes towards the United States since 1941." Journal of Transatlantic Studies 18, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s42738-020-00048-9.

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15

Bahr, Stephen J., and Anastasios C. Marcos. "Cross-Cultural Attitudes Toward Abortion." Journal of Family Issues 24, no. 3 (April 2003): 402–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x02250892.

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Using data from 1,494 Greeks and 1,993 Americans, this study finds that social abortion attitudes are a separate dimension from physical abortion attitudes. According to our structural equation model, abortion attitudes are influenced significantly by religiosity and sexual liberalism. The model explains social abortion attitudes significantly better than physical abortion attitudes. Although the model is applicable to both countries, there are three major differences between Greece and the United States. First, in Greece religiosity has a smaller impact on sexual liberalism, and sexual liberalism has a much weaker impact on both types of abortion attitudes, particularly social abortion attitudes. Second, in Greece religiosity is more strongly related to abortion attitudes than in the United States, particularly to social abortion attitudes. Third, education has a weaker influence in Greece than in the United States.

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16

SCHAU, CANDACE, and ESMA EMMİOĞLU. "DO INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS COURSES IN THE UNITED STATES IMPROVE STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES?" STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL 11, no. 2 (November 30, 2012): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/serj.v11i2.331.

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We examined the attitudes of about 2200 students enrolled in 101 sections of post-secondary introductory statistics service courses located across the United States. Using the Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics-36, we assessed students’ attitudes when they entered and left their courses, as well as changes in attitudes across their courses. Results showed that, on average, students entered these courses with neutral (Affect, Difficulty), positive (Cognitive Competence, Value, Interest), and very positive (Effort) attitudes. Their attitudes either stayed about the same (Affect, Cognitive Competence, Difficulty) or decreased (Value, Interest, Effort). These results help us understand the current impact of introductory statistics instruction in U.S. institutions. First published November 2012 at Statistics Education Research Journal: Archives

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17

Ommundsen, Reidar, and Knud S. Larsen. "Attitudes toward Illegal Immigration in Scandinavia and United States." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3_suppl (June 1999): 1331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1331.

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531 undergraduate students ( M age = 23.4 yr.) from the universities of Copenhagen, Oslo, and Oregon State participated in a survey on attitudes toward illegal immigrants, radicalism–conservatism, Machiavellianism, and anomie. Also, a scale on relative optimism–pessimism, past, present, and future, was included. The range of coefficients alpha for the Attitudes Toward Illegal Immigration Scale was .92 to .93. Pearson product-moment correlations for the over-all sample were significant for these scores and on radicalism–conservatism, Machiavellianism, and anomie. Correlational and regression analysis identify radicalism–conservatism as a primary predictor. National sample differences are discussed.

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18

Li, Qi, Chris Knoester, and Richard J. Petts. "Attitudes about Paid Parental Leave in the United States." Sociological Focus 55, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2021.2012861.

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19

Cornfield, Daniel B., and Hyunhee Kim. "Socioeconomic Status and Unionization Attitudes in the United States." Social Forces 73, no. 2 (December 1994): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579819.

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20

Thornton, Arland. "Changing Attitudes toward Family Issues in the United States." Journal of Marriage and the Family 51, no. 4 (November 1989): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/353202.

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21

Goldenberg, Victor, and Leonard Saxe. "Social Attitudes of Russian Immigrants to the United States." Journal of Social Psychology 136, no. 4 (August 1996): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1996.9714024.

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22

Manza, J. "Public Attitudes Toward Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States." Public Opinion Quarterly 68, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfh015.

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23

Torabian, Saba, and Marina Abalakina. "Attitudes toward War in the United States and Iran." Iranian Studies 45, no. 4 (July 2012): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2012.673825.

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24

Hemenway, D. "National attitudes concerning gun carrying in the United States." Injury Prevention 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.7.4.282.

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25

Saunders, Phillip C. "China's America Watchers: Changing Attitudes Towards the United States." China Quarterly 161 (March 2000): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000003933.

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The People's Republic of China (PRC) has hundreds of analysts who interpret American policy for a Chinese audience. Some hold positions in government ministries, but many are in semi-official research institutes. These “America watchers” advise Chinese policy-makers and write internal papers which circulate among the top leadership. By influencing how China's leaders view the United States, they indirectly help shape policy. This article describes the community of America watchers and examines the theoretical orientations they use to understand international relations and to think about the United States. By surveying Chinese interpretations of Sino-U.S. relations during the 1990s, it seeks to evaluate how well China's America watchers understand the United States and assess their influence on Chinese foreign policy.

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26

Schildkraut, Deborah J. "Latino Attitudes About Surrogate Representation in the United States*." Social Science Quarterly 97, no. 3 (March 27, 2016): 714–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12266.

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27

Domino, George, Janet Catherine Macgregor, and Mo Therese Hannah. "Collegiate Attitudes toward Suicide: New Zealand and United States." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 19, no. 4 (December 1989): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1wu3-v74y-5vfm-6tc4.

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Attitudes toward suicide, as assessed by the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ), were evaluated in samples of New Zealand ( N = 236) and United States ( N = 248) college students. Substantial differences were found, with New Zealand students attitudinally perceiving to a greater degree a relationship between suicide and mental illness, perceiving suicide as less serious, agreeing with the right to take one's life, and seeing suicide in a more religious context and as a less impulsive, less “normal,” and more moral action.

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28

OMMUNDSEN, REIDAR. "ATTITUDES TOWARD ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION IN SCANDINAVIA AND UNITED STATES." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3 (1999): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.84.3.1331-1338.

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29

Lee, Sook-Jong. "Allying with the United States: Changing South Korean Attitudes." Korean Journal of Defense Analysis 17, no. 1 (March 2005): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10163270509464075.

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30

Cornfield, D. B., and H. Kim. "Socioeconomic Status and Unionization Attitudes in the United States." Social Forces 73, no. 2 (December 1, 1994): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/73.2.521.

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31

Klein, Rudolf. "Comparing the United States and United Kingdom: contrasts and correspondences." Health Economics, Policy and Law 7, no. 4 (October 2012): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133112000199.

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AbstractThe conventionally antithetical stereotypes of the United Kingdom and United States health care systems needs to be modified in the case of the elderly. Relative to the rest of the population, the over-65s in the United States are more satisfied with their medical care than their UK counterparts. There is also much common ground: shared worries about the quality of elderly care and similar attitudes towards assisted death. Comparison is further complicated by within country variations: comparative studies should take account of the fact that even seemingly polar models may have pools of similarity.

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32

Pogue, Kendall, Jamie L. Jensen, Carter K. Stancil, Daniel G. Ferguson, Savannah J. Hughes, Emily J. Mello, Ryan Burgess, Bradford K. Berges, Abraham Quaye, and Brian D. Poole. "Influences on Attitudes Regarding Potential COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States." Vaccines 8, no. 4 (October 3, 2020): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040582.

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The COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, with the United States being highly affected. A vaccine provides the best hope for a permanent solution to controlling the pandemic. However, to be effective, a vaccine must be accepted and used by a large majority of the population. The aim of this study was to understand the attitudes towards and obstacles facing vaccination with a potential COVID-19 vaccine. To measure these attitudes a survey was administered to 316 respondents across the United States by a survey corporation. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships of several factors with attitudes toward potential COVID-19 vaccination. Prior vaccine usage and attitudes predicted attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Assessment of the severity of COVID-19 for the United States was also predictive. Approximately 68% of all respondents were supportive of being vaccinated for COVID-19, but side effects, efficacy and length of testing remained concerns. Longer testing, increased efficacy and development in the United States were significantly associated with increased vaccine acceptance. Messages promoting COVID-19 vaccination should seek to alleviate the concerns of those who are already vaccine-hesitant. Messaging directed at the benefits of vaccination for the United States as a country would address the second predictive factor. Enough time should be taken to allay concerns about both short- and long-term side effects before a vaccine is released.

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33

TSIKLAURI, Gigi. "Overview of the United States Immigration Policy." Journal in Humanities 5, no. 2 (January 27, 2017): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/hum.v5i2.340.

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This article discusses some major historic and current trends in the United States immigration policy. The United States has traditionally been viewed as a nation formed by immigrants but at different times the mainstream attitudes of American society toward newcomers varied substantially. In the 19th century, the most welcomed newcomers usually were European settlers whose arrival and assimilation were promoted through a number of acts. In the 20th century, public attitudes shifted dramatically and legislativeprovisions largely reflected the changes taking place in the American society. The Red Scare of the 1920s and McCarthyism of the late 1940s-early 1950s contributed to the restrictive laws against travelers, immigrants and naturalized citizens suspected of Communist sympathies. Since 1971, the United States has seen a steady increase in the number of Asian and Hispanic immigrants. In recent years, a number of individualstates have carried out their own policies to regulate immigration in their respective states. The major focus of the states’ efforts is on limiting or regulating unauthorized immigration. Immigration and related issues remained hotly debated subjects in the Presidential campaign of 2016.

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34

Beversdorf, David Q., and Nellie R. Adams. "Attitudes Toward Animal Research Among Medical Students in the United States." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 59, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000125.

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Prior to use in patients in the clinical setting, the safety, mechanism of action, and efficacy of new treatments must be established. This often requires testing new treatments in animals. Public attitudes toward animal research have been investigated, but less is known about the attitudes of physicians. To begin to address this, we examined attitudes of medical students regarding animal research, and whether these attitudes were rigidly held. We surveyed US-based student members of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN). Students were questioned regarding agreement or disagreement with a set of 14 positively- or negatively-biased statements regarding animal research. To determine if these attitudes were rigidly held, students viewed an educational video regarding animals used in research and repeated the survey immediately after the video. One hundred sixty-eight students completed the initial survey. A group attitude score was calculated based on agreement with 14 statements. Males and those with previous research experience had a significantly more positive attitude toward animal research, but other variables had no effect. After viewing the video, 108 students repeated the survey. The overall attitude of respondents changed to be significantly more positive toward animal research. Of the 14 statements, attitudes toward 7 individual statements became significantly more positive after viewing the video. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine attitudes toward animal research among medical students. Overall, the group's attitude toward animal research was more positive than negative. However, these negative attitudes do not appear to be rigidly held. These findings should be considered in the future of medical education curriculum development.

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35

Esses, Victoria M., Alina Sutter, Joanie Bouchard, Kate H. Choi, and Patrick Denice. "North American Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration in the Time of COVID-19: The Role of National Attachment and Threat." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 697, no. 1 (September 2021): 148–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162211057501.

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Using a cross-national representative survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, we examine predictors of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration in Canada and the United States, including general and COVID-related nationalism, patriotism, and perceived personal and national economic and health threats. In both countries, nationalism, particularly COVID-related nationalism, predicted perceptions that immigration levels were too high and negative attitudes toward immigrants. Patriotism predicted negative immigration attitudes in the United States but not in Canada, where support for immigration and multiculturalism are part of national identity. Conversely, personal and national economic threat predicted negative immigration attitudes in Canada more than in the United States. In both countries, national health threat predicted more favorable views of immigration levels and attitudes toward immigrants, perhaps because many immigrants have provided frontline health care during the pandemic. Country-level cognition in context drives immigration attitudes and informs strategies for supporting more positive views of immigrants and immigration.

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36

Domino, George, and Yoshitomo Takahashi. "Attitudes Toward Suicide in Japanese and American Medical Students." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 21, no. 4 (December 1991): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1991.tb00573.x.

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ABSTRACT: The Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ) was administered to two samples of medical school students, from Japan (n = 80 males and 20 females) and the United States (n = 80 males and 20 females). A MANOVA followed by univariate tests indicated significant differences on the Right to die, Normality, and Aggression scales between Japanese and United States students, and significant gender differences on the Religion and Impulsivity scales. No gender by nationality interaction was obtained. An analysis of the individual SOQ items revealed substantial differences between Japanese and United States medical students in their views on suicide.

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37

Adkins, Todd, Geoffrey C. Layman, David E. Campbell, and John C. Green. "Religious Group Cues and Citizen Policy Attitudes in the United States." Politics and Religion 6, no. 2 (January 14, 2013): 235–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048312000545.

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AbstractThe public opinion literature shows that cues about the policy positions of social groups influence citizens’ political attitudes. We assess whether cues about religious groups’ positions affect attitudes on three issues: protection of homosexuals in the workplace, improving the socio-economic conditions of African-Americans, and government-provided health insurance. We argue that such cues should shape issue attitudes and condition the impact of religious and political orientations on those attitudes. That should be especially true on issues closely connected to religion and for citizens with low levels of political awareness. We assess this argument with a survey experiment pitting pairs of religious groups on opposite sides of issues. We find that religious group cues matter primarily for cultural attitudes, among less politically-aware individuals, and for the religiously unaffiliated, Democrats, and liberals. The dominant effect is negative, moving these groups away from the positions of religious leaders and especially evangelical leaders.

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38

Enekwe, Blessing. "Evaluating Social Services and Refugee Integration in Maryland." Practicing Anthropology 35, no. 4 (September 1, 2013): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.35.4.k70007550215k051.

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As a child of immigrants, I have always been interested in issues facing the foreign-born, particularly to the United States. Being exposed to immigrants from around the world helped me understand the different factors that motivated my parents' migration to the United States while realizing that others throughout the world were also heavily impacted by ineffectual home governments. As I delved into political attitudes, international relations, and public policy, my attention continued to turn back to the ways in which policies and attitudes in the United States affect the lives of immigrants. Identifying aspects of social policy that enhance immigrant life in the United States became central to my research interests.

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Pérez, Orlando J. "Public Opinion and the Future of U.S.-Panama Relations." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 41, no. 3 (1999): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166157.

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Using survey data and interviews, this study examines Panamanian attitudes toward the United States and toward the central issues in US.- Panama relations. It also compares Panamanian attitudes with opinions toward the United States in the rest of Central America. The study finds that nationalism, system support, anticommunism, and, for the mass public, ideology are the most important variables in determining support for the United States. Elites are more nationalistic and less accommodationist toward the United States than the mass public. Concern about the politicization and misuse of the Panama Canal and adjacent lands has led many in the general public to support a continued US. military presence on the Isthmus of Panama.

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40

Han, D., D. Chen, and C. Fang. "Images of the United States: Explaining the Attitudes of Chinese Scholars and Students in the United States." Chinese Journal of International Politics 6, no. 2 (April 24, 2013): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pot007.

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41

Moore, David G. "Employee Attitude Surveys in the United States." Relations industrielles 11, no. 3 (February 19, 2014): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1022620ar.

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Summary The Author first discusses generally the employee attitude survey, describing the techniques commonly used, evaluating the ordinary questionnaire technique with its many drawbacks and limitations; these, however, can be — and have been — gradually corrected with time, and one of them has been refined into an instrument called the SRA Employee Inventory. The rest of the article is spent describing and assessing the Inventory, and finally giving the results and trends in employee attitudes which it has yielded.

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42

Woo, Hyung-Jin, and Joseph R. Dominick. "Acculturation, Cultivation, and Daytime TV Talk Shows." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 80, no. 1 (March 2003): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900308000108.

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This study explored the cultivation phenomenon among international college students in the United States by examining the connection between levels of acculturation, daytime TV talk show viewing, and beliefs about social reality. It was expected that international students who were heavy viewers of daytime TV talk shows and who scored low on a measure of acculturation about the United States would hold the most negative perceptions and attitudes concerning U.S. society. Three specific hypotheses were tested. International students who score low on acculturation and watch a great deal of daytime talk shows should (1) overestimate the frequency of certain undesirable behaviors in the United States, (2) have more negative attitudes toward human relationships in the United States, and (3) have more negative perceptions of human relationships in the United States. The first hypothesis received limited support while the second and third received strong support.

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43

Rosenfeld, Michael J. "Moving a Mountain: The Extraordinary Trajectory of Same-Sex Marriage Approval in the United States." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 3 (January 1, 2017): 237802311772765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023117727658.

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Most public opinion attitudes in the United States are reasonably stable over time. Using data from the General Social Survey and the American National Election Studies, I quantify typical change rates across all attitudes. I quantify the extent to which change in same-sex marriage approval (and liberalization in attitudes toward gay rights in general) are among a small set of rapid changing outliers in surveyed public opinions. No measured public opinion attitude in the United States has changed more and more quickly than same-sex marriage. I use survey data from Newsweek to illustrate the rapid increase in the 1980s and 1990s in Americans who had friends or family who they knew to be gay or lesbian and demonstrate how contact with out-of-the-closet gays and lesbians was influential. I discuss several potential historical and social movement theory explanations for the rapid liberalization of attitudes toward gay rights in the United States, including the surprising influence of Bill Clinton’s 1992 presidential campaign.

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44

Domino, George. "Attitudes Toward Physician Assisted Suicide: Poland and the United States." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 46, no. 2 (March 2003): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qfxy-q06a-mt87-4ygm.

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A scale to measure attitudes toward physician assisted suicide was administered to a sample ( N=246) of Polish citizens and a sample ( N=246) of U.S. citizens equated on gender, marital status, religion, and socioeconomic level. In both samples the reliability was substantial (Cronbach's alphas of .93 and .89), and the factor structure identical (one major factor). Significant ethnic differences were found for 10 of the 12 scale items, but no differences related to demographic variables. The obtained differences appear to parallel a conservative-liberal dimension, though this will need to be assessed in future studies.

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45

Sylvester, Kathleen. "Caring for Our Youngest: Public Attitudes in the United States." Future of Children 11, no. 1 (2001): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1602809.

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Chernek, Brooke A., and Kara R. Skelton. "Attitudes Toward Cannabis Use During Labor in the United States." Women's Health Reports 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/whr.2021.0125.

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Hamer, Davidson H., and Bradley A. Connor. "Travel Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among United States Travelers." Journal of Travel Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 2004): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2004.13577.

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Protzel Berman, Pamela, Walter A. Orenstein, Alan R. Hinman, and Julie Gazmararian. "Stakeholder Attitudes Toward Influenza Vaccination Policy in the United States." Health Promotion Practice 11, no. 6 (April 3, 2009): 807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839909331552.

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Herek, Gregory M., and Eric K. Glunt. "AIDS‐related attitudes in the United States: A preliminary conceptualization." Journal of Sex Research 28, no. 1 (February 1991): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499109551597.

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Peterson, M. Nils, Angelica Lopez, Angela G. Mertig, and Jianguo Liu. "Assessing Attitudes Toward Wildlife Ownership in United States–Mexico Borderlands." Society & Natural Resources 24, no. 9 (September 2011): 962–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920903484271.

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