Journal articles on the topic 'Rapid internationalisation'
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Andersson, Svante, Martin Eriksson, and Linda Lundmark. "Internationalisation in Malaysian furniture firms: gradual or rapid internationalisation?" International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business 1, no. 3 (2006): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgsb.2006.010609.
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Wach, Krzysztof. "Familiness and Born Globals: Rapid Internationalisation among Polish Family Firms." Journal of Intercultural Management 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2014-0028.
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AbstractRapid internationalisation is a very popular research theme internationally. Verifying the links between familiness of the investigated firms and the accelerated internationalisation among Polish family firms can be very promising. The objective of the paper is to identify the rapid internationalisation path of Polish family firms while going international from the comparative perspective of the familiness. The paper presents the research results of the survey conducted in the turn of 2013-2014 among 216 firms, including 88 family businesses. Based on the calculations we can assume that the average time of internationalisation measured from the establishment is the longer in case of family firms than non-family firms. It can be with the line to the statement that born globals are more frequently met among non-family firms.
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Dunford, Richard, Ian Palmer, and Jodie Benveniste. "Business Model Replication for Early and Rapid Internationalisation." Long Range Planning 43, no. 5-6 (October 2010): 655–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2010.06.004.
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Belhoste, Nathalie, Rachel Bocquet, Véronique Favre-Bonté, and Frédéric Bally. "How do SMEs use support services during their internationalisation process: A comparative study of French traditional SMEs and INVs in Asia." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 37, no. 8 (September 18, 2019): 804–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242619871165.
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This article integrates research on the internationalisation processes of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and export assistance services to investigate how such firms use support services drawing upon a large, qualitative study of 32 French traditional SMEs and international new ventures (INVs) that have entered Asia. Our key contribution is to consider the time to internationalisation (gradual or rapid) and the stage of internationalisation (entrance or intensification) rather than export intensity alone, and to examine how support services can help SMEs internationalise. The identification of different configurations of uses leads to the development of theoretical propositions that extend existing models pertaining to support services and firm internationalisation. These findings have several important managerial implications for support services to target their offer more precisely to two types of SMEs; they also provide useful guidance for SMEs to determine which tailor-made offerings from private and public actors are most applicable to their internationalisation efforts.
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Wadeson, Nigel. "Internationalisation theory and Born Globals." Multinational Business Review 28, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-10-2019-0123.
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Purpose It has been claimed that Born Globals are incompatible with the Uppsala model, which is based on the firm having a maximum tolerable risk level. This assumption was used to explain observed incremental commitments, with further commitments being made as experiential learning reduces the level of risk faced. This study aims to show that adding a consideration of the role of expected value, including the effects of resource constraints, can reconcile the Born Global and internationalisation process literatures. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical arguments are supported by mathematical modelling of a firm pursuing expected value based on subjective beliefs. Findings While the effects of risk and expected value coincide when firms limit their downside risks by taking an incremental approach to commitments, other factors impacting on expected value can shift the balance of incentives towards earlier and more rapid internationalisation. For instance, some firms are specialised and have high costs of R&D, and so need to achieve early and rapid growth but face small home markets. While resource constraints can lead a firm to expand for some time in its home market before internationalising, the effect can be reversed in the case of the finance constraint for some firms. Originality/value The study shows how Born Global and internationalisation process literatures can be reconciled through a consideration of the effects of expected value on internationalisation decisions. It also provides a novel theoretical analysis of Born Globals.
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Lynn Childs, Michelle, and Byoungho Jin. "Is Uppsala model valid to fashion retailers? An analysis from internationalisation patterns of fast fashion retailers." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 18, no. 1 (March 4, 2014): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-10-2012-0061.
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Purpose – Uppsala internationalisation theory is highly utilised due to its simplicity and applicability. However, there are contrasting results on its assumption that firms follow a gradual internationalisation process. Literature shows that firm strategies (e.g. targeting a niche market) and firm resources (e.g. brand image and asset specificity) may decrease barriers of entry. Global fashion retailers possess these characteristics and may not follow a gradual internationalisation pattern. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether fashion retailers that target a niche market, have a strong brand image and asset specificity will follow a gradual internationalisation pattern suggested by Uppsala. Design/methodology/approach – Two aspects of internationalisation (speed of internationalisation and market selection) were analysed. Market selection was measured by three aspects of distance (geographic distance, economic distance, and culture distance). Data were collected utilising secondary sources and internationalisation patterns were calculated using existing formulas. Findings – Overall, results provided partial support for Uppsala model. After cautious expansion early in internationalisation, fashion retailers experience a period where rapid expansion exists. During initial internationalisation, geographically and economically close markets were chosen, which mirror the Uppsala model. However, no incremental patterns were observed thereafter. In addition, after initially moving to culturally close countries, firms moved to countries with close cultural proximity to each other rather than close to home market. Research limitations/implications – The findings are based on three cases of fast fashion retailers; thus, for further generalisation, if the findings will be applicable to other fashion firms which have different strategies and resources needs to be examined. Originality/value – This study is one of the first attempts to research the applicability of Uppsala model to fashion retailers. By investigating fashion retailers that target niche markets, have strong brand image and asset specificity; the paper adds additional empirical evidence of situations where internationalisation does not follow the linear pattern that Uppsala model argues.
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Tiwari, Sudip K., and Tor Korneliussen. "Exporting by experiential knowledge: a study of emerging market micro firms." International Marketing Review 35, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 833–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-01-2016-0002.
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Purpose Relying on the theoretical lens of a knowledge-based view, the purpose of this study is to explore the sources and roles of experiential knowledge in the rapid internationalisation of an emerging market-based micro export firms (EMMFs). Design/methodology/approach This is an inductive theory building study, which attempts to understand the “how” and “why” questions. In so doing, the study used nine micro export firms operating in the handicrafts sector of Nepal. Findings The findings suggest that internationalisation of resource-poor EMMFs relies on the entrepreneurs’ experiential knowledge, which is mainly acquired through prior experience, social networks and participation in international trade-fairs. Research limitations/implications This study contributes by formulating a number of propositions on the sources and roles of experiential knowledge, which could be tested in pursuit of theory building on micro firms’ internationalisation based in emerging markets. Originality/value The paper advances an understanding on the patterns of firms’ internationalisation, and discusses EMMFs’ possibilities to emerge as a faster internationalising firm, so-called “born globals”.
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Mohr, Alexander, and Georgios Batsakis. "Intangible assets, international experience and the internationalisation speed of retailers." International Marketing Review 31, no. 6 (November 10, 2014): 601–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-09-2013-0186.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study draws on the resource- and knowledge based views (RBV/KBV) of the firm to explain the internationalisation speed of retail firms. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a panel data set of 144 international retailers over a ten-year period and employ feasible generalised least squares analysis in order to assess the effect of intangible assets and international experience on internationalisation speed. Findings – The results support direct effects of intangible assets and international experience, while the latter effect is also moderated by firms’ home-region concentration. Research limitations/implications – The study investigates the determinants of retailers’ internationalisation speed. While research stresses the positive performance effects of rapid internationalisation, future research should investigate the role of internationalisation speed for the performance of retailers empirically. The findings support the usefulness of adopting a RBV/KBV for explaining internationalisation speed. Practical implications – The findings imply that firms need to have particular intangible resources before being able to internationalise rapidly. They also show that decision-makers need to be mindful of the effects of international experience in allowing them to expand overseas both within and outside their home region. Originality/value – There has been very little research into the speed with which firms in general and service sector firms in particular expand their operations internationally. Through a theory-based analysis of a newly created panel data set this study provides novel insights into the factors that lead retail firms to internationalise rapidly.
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Wach, Krzysztof. "Incremental versus Rapid Internationalisation of Firms: Results of Exploratory Investigation from Poland." Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review 3, no. 4 (2015): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15678/eber.2015.030403.
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Loane, Sharon, and Jim Bell. "Rapid internationalisation among entrepreneurial firms in Australia, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand." International Marketing Review 23, no. 5 (September 2006): 467–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330610703409.
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Stoian, M. Cristina, Alex Rialp, Josep Rialp, and Robin Jarvis. "Internationalisation of Central and Eastern European small firms." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 23, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-10-2013-0159.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the internationalisation of small firms from a Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) country with an emerging market economy, while accounting for the constantly changing institutional framework as well as resource (un)availability which may influence their involvement in foreign market operations. In doing so, it supports the applicability of the revised Uppsala internationalisation process model (2009), which highlights the key role of networks for international activity. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on a qualitative approach leading to multiple case studies. The main source of data is semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted within six small firms. Findings – The revisited Uppsala model proves to be generally valid for the small firms analysed in this study. Networks play a crucial role for knowledge creation and exchange, and frequently represent the most reliable resource at firms’ disposal. Trust is an indispensable ingredient that shapes network relationships. Institutional changes acted as push factors for small firms’ internationalisation. Research limitations/implications – Policy-makers and entrepreneurs should direct their efforts at encouraging international network building and the formation of partnerships. Specific policy-driven actions should facilitate the connection between (international) entrepreneurs and potential foreign business partners. Originality/value – This study brings insights to the revised Uppsala model, particularly considering the continuous and relatively rapid changes within the institutional environment that interact with the experiential learning curve and resource accumulation and subsequent commitment to foreign markets. Furthermore, it is one of the few studies that address the internationalisation of small firms from a CEE economy.
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Arenius, Pia, Viveca Sasi, and Mika Gabrielsson. "Rapid internationalisation enabled by the Internet: The case of a knowledge intensive company." Journal of International Entrepreneurship 3, no. 4 (December 2005): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10843-006-7856-x.
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Morris, J. "Flexible Internationalisation in the Electronics Industry: Implications for Regional Economies." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 10, no. 4 (December 1992): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c100407.
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The world electronics industry has experienced a significant, and ongoing, restructuring in the past decade as a response to heightened competition and rapid technological innovation. This has resulted in a surge of globalisation and ownership concentration. At the same time new quality imperatives have changed occupational structures in the industry, and firms are moving to the adoption of localisation strategies to meet just-in-time scheduling. All of these issues have important implications for regional economies which have a heavy presence in the electronics sector.
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Jokela, Päivi, Elina Jaakkola, Eytan Levy, and Doron Nahmias. "How to develop business models for rapid internationalisation: lessons from a high-tech startup." International Journal of Technology Marketing 9, no. 4 (2014): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtmkt.2014.065388.
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Ruokonen, Mika, Niina Nummela, Kaisu Puumalainen, and Sami Saarenketo. "Network management the key to the successful rapid internationalisation of the small software firm?" International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 6, no. 6 (2006): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeim.2006.010981.
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Fetais, Abdulla Hamad M. A., Shatha Mahmoud Ibrahim Obeidat, and Osama Sam Al Kwifi. "Exploring the influence of home country factors on rapid internationalisation of emerging multinational companies." J. for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development 12, no. 4 (2020): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/jibed.2020.10032495.
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Kwifi, Osama Sam Al, Shatha Mahmoud Ibrahim Obeidat, and Abdulla Hamad M. A. Fetais. "Exploring the influence of home country factors on rapid internationalisation of emerging multinational companies." J. for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development 12, no. 4 (2020): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/jibed.2020.110249.
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Andersson, Svante, Natasha Evers, and Gabriela Gliga. "Entrepreneurial marketing and born global internationalisation in China." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 21, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 202–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-11-2016-0115.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the entrepreneurial marketing (EM) behaviour of Swedish born globals entering the Chinese market through their international networks. Drawing from the network theory of small firm internationalisation, this study is positioned in the domain of EM, and thus captures the relevance of EM behaviour to explain how born globals internationalise through their networks. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study approach of two Swedish born global companies active in the Chinese market is used. The network theory helps analyse the data in the three phases of firm internationalisation processes. Findings The study shows the importance of networks for the enactment of EM for born globals. The study traces the evolution of network development in the market entry process of born globals and highlights the importance of aligning network leverage with contextual factors for market performance. Research limitations/implications The generalisation of the findings is limited due to the exploratory nature of the study and the size of the research sample. Practical implications Management of different types of networks is essential in the entry process and further growth of born globals in the Chinese market. In addition, born globals operating in psychically distant and complex institutionally contexts can especially gain support from intermediary networks. Originality/value This study extends knowledge of international entrepreneurship by demonstrating that born global managers can enact EM behaviour by leveraging networks to gain rapid entry into the Chinese market. It further highlights the role of firms’ networks in the EM activities in their internationalisation. The conceptual underpinnings of EM and network theory provide greater understanding of how born globals enter and grow their psychically distant markets.
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Frizelle, K. L. "A Case for Intercultural Inquiry and Cognitive Justice in the Internationalisation of HIV/AIDS." Journal of Health Management 11, no. 1 (January 2009): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097206340901100106.
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Through the globalisation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), policies and prevention measures related to the epidemic have become increasingly influenced by the knowledge claims of international experts and organisations. This article critically analyses the mechanisms through which international expertise has come to influence the practice of rapid testing within the South African context. Through this analysis the article aims to illustrate the unintended consequences of the process of HIV/AID globalisation and internationalisation. While the article argues that knowledge claims about the pandemic are always produced through an interaction of local and international processes, it contends that these interactions are characterised by inequalities when the experiences of local people and contextual factors are not adequately fed into the process of policy development and implementation. The article concludes by arguing that more intercultural inquiry that prioritises cognitive justice is required if we are to develop more contextually appropriate and effective HIV/AIDS related policies and interventions.
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Boyle, Patrick M. "School Wars: Church, State, and the Death of the Congo." Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 3 (September 1995): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00021200.
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Two conventions tend to shape appraisals of the Belgian Congo and the manner of its decolonisation. The first describes the colonial power structure as an alliance of state, church, and large corporations.1 This trinity was ‘not only… a virtually seamless web’, writes Crawford Young, ‘but each component, in its area of activity, was without peer in Africa in the magnitude of its impact’.2 The second convention typically portrays decolonisation as tumultuous, chaotic, bungled, or simply ‘gone awry’.3 Indeed, the mutiny and secession movements that followed hard upon the proclamation in June 1960 of the Republic of the Congo (renamed Zaïre in October 1971) resulted in the rapid internationalisation of responses to them, thereby demonstrating the fragility of domestic political arrangements.
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Saud, Mohan Singh. "Teaching English as an International Language (EIL) in Nepal." Indonesian TESOL Journal 2, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/itj.v2i1.1079.
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With the rapid growth and widespread use of English worldwide, there has been a paradigm shift from teaching English as foreign language to teaching English as an international language. However, there has been less discussion on English pedagogy about the global spread of English in this era of globalization, with rapid increase of English speakers around the world. The internationalisation of the status of English, leading to the emergence of World Englishes, has led to discuss the issue of teaching English as an international language (TEIL) to visit the way we conceptualise and teach English. As English is no longer a homogeneous language, English teachers across the world have been teaching English according to their own contexts. Considering this scenario, this article discusses teaching and learning of English as an international language in the context of Nepal, taking Kachru’s three concentric circles of English in the global context as the theoretical framework and English as an international language as the conceptual framework, focusing on use of culturally sensitive EIL pedagogy.
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Chen, Jiexiu, Yifei Sun, and Junwen Zhu. "Navigating through the mists of cross-cultural journey: unpacking international scholars’ acculturation strategies at Chinese universities." International Journal of Chinese Education 11, no. 3 (September 2022): 2212585X2211386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2212585x221138611.
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In the context of rapid development of internationalisation in Chinese higher education, as well as the increasing mobility of academics across country borders, more and more international scholars are seeking career opportunities in Chinese universities. Using 21 in-depth interviews, we investigated international scholars’ acculturation strategies at Chinese universities through Berry’s theoretical tools. We find that the adaptability of experienced international scholars are key indicators that have successfully led participants to achieve integration strategy, and we demonstrate how a lack of response and feedback from the institution might lead participants to the status of marginalisation and separation. Moreover, we emphasise that the individual strategy is not always freely chosen, but largely impacted and constrained by the contextual feature of institutional culture. We highlight the importance of notifying the dynamic nature of cross-cultural adaptation, and recognise the fluidity ingrained in this process.
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Smirnov, E. N. "Post-Crisis Regionalisation of Global Value Chains in Strategies of Transnational Companies." Economy of Region 18, no. 4 (2022): 1003–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-3.
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The current global crisis led to the transformation of global value chains (GVC) in strategies of transnational companies (TNCs). The present study aims to establish a causal relationship between the volatility of the world economy and regionalisation of global value chains. Based on historical analysis and a systemic-functional approach, scattered information about the impact of global value chains on the development of TNC strategies was integrated. Thus, various aspects of TNC activities (their participation in international trade, international capital flows, etc.) were analysed together in order to identify the consequences of regionalisation for the strategic development of such companies. The study revealed that the established international production system carries many risks, which are exacerbated by continuing protectionism in international trade. Under the influence of digitalisation, regionalisation of value chains and partial reshoring of production facilities are the key directions for further development of GVCs. Given the rapid cross-border transmission of exogenous shocks, the stability and sustainability of global value chains will determine their development; however, there is no evidence whether GVCs will lengthen or shorten. The high cost of the complex reconfiguration of GVCs towards regionalisation will lead to only minor changes in their architecture. The redesign will affect only some aspects of activities, in particular, the organisation of work with global suppliers. While the weak integration of developing countries into GVCs will remain, the barriers to internationalisation will be reduced under the influence of digitalisation, creating new opportunities for the incorporation of small business into the international production system. In general, global value chains will still be considered a reliable source to reduce the risks of global operating activities of TNCs. The research results can be used for further theoretical and methodological development of internationalisation strategies.
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Manning, Keenan Daniel. "Textual analysis of university mission statements in East Asian world-class universities." Higher Education Evaluation and Development 15, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heed-09-2020-0033.
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PurposeThe management of higher education institutions (HEIs) is undergoing a period of rapid development around the world and particularly in Asia. Competing forces of neoliberal decentralisation, increased government oversight, internationalisation and regionalism are creating difficulties for managers and stakeholders alike. This paper aims to look at the ways in which universities have institutionalised their strategies for coping with these forces, in the form of their mission statements (MSs), particularly within an East Asian context.Design/methodology/approachSeveral major international university ranking tables were used to compile a list of “world class” institutions in East Asia. Those with available MSs in English were examined for reference to factors existing within the literature, as well as those which were not previously identified.FindingsEast Asian universities placed a high degree of emphasis on aspects related to university management, as well as social, cultural and historical foci. Far less emphasis was placed on aspects such as engagement of stakeholders and inclusion.Originality/valueThe paper draws on previous research from other regions and attempts to provide some insights into the particularities of higher education in East Asia from a management perspective.
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A/P Gurdial Singh, Gurnam Kaur, Sarjit Kaur, PECK CHOO LIM, Yuen Fook Chan, Lai Fong Lee, and Leele Susana Jamian. "Institutional Support for Postgraduate Study In Malaysia." Social and Management Research Journal 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/smrj.v12i2.5026.
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The twin forces of globalisation and internationalisation witnessed the global democratisation of higher education leading to the mushrooming of institutions of higher learning alongside with the rapid increase in student enrolments at all levels including postgraduate study. Despite the rapid developments in higher education, postgraduate study has been plagued with high attrition and low completion rates. Consequently, there is a need to look into delivery systems to ensure students are not short-changed and quality education and delivery systems are maintained at all times. This paper aims to investigate institutional support provided for postgraduate study in Malaysia. This descriptive study involved a total of 121 supervisors and 209 postgraduate students from two public universities in Malaysia. Data for the study were collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that students and supervisors were moderately satisfied with the information support provided by their respective institutions with regards to postgraduate study and courses. Nevertheless, students felt that institutional support was lacking in terms of facilities, professional development and opportunities for setting up learning communities. Supervisors too expressed the need for better postgraduate facilities, professional development and sought for more transparency in terms of grant and fellowship applications. Both groups also voiced concern regarding the knowledge, skills and attitude of administrators and clerical staff. These findings have implications for the need of quality delivery systems, especially institutional support for postgraduate study.
Keywords: Institutional Support, Postgraduates, Postgraduate Study
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Zhai, Shujuan. "The Research on Financial variables’ Influence on Net Foreign Assets." Asian Business Research 2, no. 2 (May 16, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/abr.v2i2.149.
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Based on the rapid development of the financial integration and the emergence of global imbalances, this paper takes 49 countries multinational panel data from 1980-2011 as research samples and the state net foreign assets as the research object. In the perspective of financial integration, in order to find out the effect of financial variables on the net foreign assets, we also introduce the financial development, financial structure and financial opening variables. Through research, we can conclude that financial integration and financial opening both supplement each other, the optimization of financial structure helps to improve a country's foreign net imbalance situation, and a country's financial structure can be optimized with the improvement of integration. So we believes that China should (1) increase the diversification of foreign exchange reserves and promote the internationalisation of the renminbi. (2) Improve domestic savings-investment mechanism, develop the multi-level financial market, and improve the efficiency of the financial system and the level of innovation. (3) Reform the system of capital controls and strengthen cooperation with emerging economies, thus improving our foreign net imbalance, and achieving a smooth transition of developing countries to developed countries.
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Jones, Thomas E., and Minh-Hoang Nguyen. "Nature-Based Tourism Motivations and Visit Profiles of Domestic and International Segments to a Japanese National Park." Quaestiones Geographicae 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2021-0013.
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Abstract The rapid post-millennial internationalisation of Japan's tourism sector and the influx of international visitors have quickly increased visitor motivations’ heterogeneity, thereby posing challenges for management. Given the lack of prior research, we aimed to identify nature-based tourism (NBT) push-factor motivation domains of visitors in a Japanese national park and segment domestic and international visitors based on their motivations, demographics and trip profiles. Primary data collection of 137 responses took place in November 2019 through an on-site self-administered questionnaire. From 11 push-factor statements, the principal component analysis yielded a four-factor solution: ‘enjoying nature with family or friends’, ‘improving physical health’, ‘discovering and learning’ and ‘escaping’. In addition, t-tests revealed significant differences between domestic and international visitors in three out of the four motivation dimensions. Underlying visitor profiles could explain some such differences. Despite the differences, both international and domestic visitors share similar motivations regarding ‘improving physical health’. These findings hint at the complexity of monitoring heterogeneous visitor segments within Japanese NBT. Despite increasing international visitors, there has been a lack of the necessary infrastructure and facilities to accommodate them. Thus, this study's implications might help diversify NBT management strategies to deal with current shortcomings in Japan's tourism sector.
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Mayer, Claude-Hélène, and Rudolf M. Oosthuizen. "Sense of Coherence, Compassionate Love and Coping in International Leaders during the Transition into the Fourth Industrial Revolution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 20, 2020): 2829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082829.
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Contemporary workplaces are influenced by rapid changes, high levels of competition, increasing complexities and internationalisation processes. At the edge of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), insecurities and anxieties are high, and leaders are encouraged more than ever to lead employees with meaningful vision and prudence in order to make use of employees’ strengths, and ensure mental health and well-being. The aim of this article is to present new insights into salutogenesis, particularly sense of coherence (SOC), compassionate love (CL), and coping (C) in leaders with different cultural backgrounds. This study strengthens the idea that CL is a coping mechanism. This coping mechanism can be used by leaders to establish a resilient and salutogenic organisations. This article explores the subjective perspectives of 22 international leaders from five different countries and their views regarding SOC, CL and C through a qualitative research approach, using a qualitative online questionnaire for data collection and content analysis for data analysis. The findings on the perspectives of leaders provide new and original insights into how SOC, CL and C are connected, and how these concepts contribute to healthy organisations which are on their way to the transition into the 4IR. Conclusions are drawn. Recommendations for future research and practice are given.
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Urban, Boris, and Rutendo Hwindingwi. "The influence of institutional factors on MNC’s triple bottom-line reporting." International Journal of Emerging Markets 11, no. 4 (September 19, 2016): 497–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-08-2015-0164.
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Purpose Recognising the rapid institutional changes multinational corporations (MNCs) face in emerging markets, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of various institutional factors on their triple bottom-line (TBL) reporting. The study builds on existing research where it has been noted that international business theory needs to adapt to the changes in the global economy, particularly the need to recognise the influence of several contingent variables in African emerging markets (AEMs). Design/methodology/approach The study design was cross-sectional where a survey was administered to MNCs operating in four leading countries situated in key economic regions in Africa. Following validity and reliability testing, hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. Findings Findings show that an independent judiciary system and an adequate national security system were found to have a positive and significant influence on the MNC’s TBL reporting. These institutional factors highlight the perceived importance of “law and order” for MNCs in AEMs. Research limitations/implications Policy implications relate to the need for specific and targeted interventions aimed at improving institutional factors in AEMs. Originality/value Instead of focusing on the internationalisation of AEM firms, the study took a different approach by focusing instead on countries previously under researched and how MNCs are affected by the institutional regimes in these AEMs.
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Janoschka, Michael, Georgia Alexandri, Hernán Orozco Ramos, and Sonia Vives-Miró. "Tracing the socio-spatial logics of transnational landlords’ real estate investment: Blackstone in Madrid." European Urban and Regional Studies 27, no. 2 (January 20, 2019): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776418822061.
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The rapid internationalisation of the Spanish property market has triggered debates about the main characteristics of emerging post-crisis urban dynamics. Financial and urban policy reforms have shaped a model depicted by incessant rent increases and displacements. Echoing these concerns, this article addresses two interconnected objectives about the way policy restructuring encouraged transnational investments into Spanish real estate and the concomitant socio-spatial effects this wider asset reshuffling has produced. Both queries are discussed by pinpointing the multi-scalar investment strategies of the private equity firm, Blackstone, which emerged as the predominant institutional investor during the recovery phase of the Spanish property market. The article initially sketches out the trajectory of the political economy of housing in Spain, and then it focuses on the strategies pursued by Blackstone for the acquisition of real estate and housing stock. The following sections connect the nodes of the financial chain that link this investor to former social housing tenants whose homes are by now owned by Blackstone. The spatial and social effects of this change in property ownership demonstrate the importance of in-depth research about the financial nodes that interplay with and shape the post-crisis urban condition in and beyond Southern Europe.
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NÚÑEZ, XOSÉ-MANOEL. "New Interpretations of the Spanish Civil War." Contemporary European History 13, no. 4 (November 2004): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777304001936.
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Michel Lefebvre and Rémi Skoutelsky, Les Brigades Internationales. Images retrouvées (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 2003), 192 pp., €45.00 (hb), ISBN 2-02-052390-6.Helen Graham, The Spanish Republic at War, 1936–1939 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 472 pp., £13.99 (pb), ISBN 0-521-45932-X.Javier Rodrigo, Los campos de concentración franquistas. Entre la historia y la memoria (Madrid: Siete Mares, 2003), 251 pp., €18.00 (pb), ISBN 84-933012-05.Michael Seidman, A ras de suelo. Historia social de la República durante la Guerra Civil (Madrid: Alianza, 2003), 388 pp., €18.70 (pb), ISBN 84-206-3706-8 (English edition: Republic of Egos. A Social History of the Spanish Civil War (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002), 304 pp., $24.95 (pb), ISBN 0299178641).The Spanish Civil War is among the most passionate conflicts of the long twentieth century, as one which arouses considerable emotion, in favour of either the Republican or the Francoist side. Its duration – far beyond what had been predicted in July 1936 by the military rebels and most international observers – together with its rapid conversion into an arena of international dispute between two opposing world-views, ‘fascism’ and ‘anti-fascism’, made it of long-standing interest for world public opinion. Moreover, its internationalisation made it appear as the prelude to the Second World War. The survival of the Francoist dictatorship until 1975 contributed to the fact that the first historical analyses of the Spanish Civil War had to be written abroad and by foreign scholars, mostly French and Anglophone. Even now the Spanish conflict continues to be a matter of interest for non-Spanish scholars, who rely on a long-standing tradition of scholarship on the topic.
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Servantie, Vinciane. "Les entreprises à internationalisation précoce et rapide." Revue internationale P.M.E. 24, no. 2 (October 15, 2012): 49–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1012685ar.
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L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier la mise au point du Business Model (BM) d’une entreprise à internationalisation précoce (EIPR) afin d’apporter à la compréhension du processus de création et d’internationalisation de ces entreprises. Nous nous appuyons sur les travaux de théorisation du BM développés par Verstraete et Jouison-Laffitte (2009, 2011) pour utiliser le concept comme un outil de lecture d’un cas exploratoire. Les résultats montrent que l’approche par le BM constitue une grille de lecture pertinente, notamment, grâce à une perspective conventionnaliste venant compléter les principales approches mobilisées dans la littérature existante.
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Doroshenko, Yury A., Irina O. Malykhina, and Irina V. Somina. "Regional Innovative Development in the Context of Current Trends of Neo-Industrialisation." Economy of Region 16 (December 2020): 1318–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-21.
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Russian economy is characterised by raw materials dependence, the impossibility of using the latest achievements of the sixth technological mode, rapid digital development, internationalisation of scientific and technological progress, the impact of technological shifts on structural transformations. These aspects lead to the implementation of an innovative scenario for the development of regions in the context of neo-industrial challenges, which is necessary for identifying and consolidating the most effective tools for innovating the modern Russian economy. This problem primarily affects regional economic systems with a set of innovative economic entities. To solve the problem, we analysed and generalised the scientific-theoretical, methodological framework, and practical aspects of regional innovative development, taking into account current trends and key parameters of neo-industrialisation. Considering neo-industrialisation in regional economic systems, the innovative development path increasingly depends on such critical parameters as human capital, intersectoral interaction, and technological modernisation processes. The paper presents scientific and theoretical substantiation of the possibilities of regional innovative development in the context of current trends of neo-industrialisation. Research methodology and tools include systemic, categorical, structural, and functional analysis, conceptual modelling. We identified and described objective factors, trends, and problems of ensuring the long-term regional innovative development. Further, we defined and classified the current trends of innovative development of the regional economy, as well as substantiated the key parameters of neo-industrialisation. Then, we created a model of regional innovative development. To explain the discrepancies between the actual and the desired level of the development of neo-industrialisation parameters, we presented an algorithm that allows identifying bottlenecks, forming a roadmap, and implementing a mechanism for strengthening the potential of regional innovative development. Additionally, we specified key aspects of the innovative development path of regions, considering the current state of the real sector. The obtained theoretical results can be used for forecasting the most important economic challenges and identifying strategic factors for the regional innovative development in the context of neo-industrialisation.
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Doroshenko, Yury A., Irina O. Malykhina, and Irina V. Somina. "Regional Innovative Development in the Context of Current Trends of Neo-Industrialisation." Economy of Region 16 (December 2020): 1318–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-21.
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Russian economy is characterised by raw materials dependence, the impossibility of using the latest achievements of the sixth technological mode, rapid digital development, internationalisation of scientific and technological progress, the impact of technological shifts on structural transformations. These aspects lead to the implementation of an innovative scenario for the development of regions in the context of neo-industrial challenges, which is necessary for identifying and consolidating the most effective tools for innovating the modern Russian economy. This problem primarily affects regional economic systems with a set of innovative economic entities. To solve the problem, we analysed and generalised the scientific-theoretical, methodological framework, and practical aspects of regional innovative development, taking into account current trends and key parameters of neo-industrialisation. Considering neo-industrialisation in regional economic systems, the innovative development path increasingly depends on such critical parameters as human capital, intersectoral interaction, and technological modernisation processes. The paper presents scientific and theoretical substantiation of the possibilities of regional innovative development in the context of current trends of neo-industrialisation. Research methodology and tools include systemic, categorical, structural, and functional analysis, conceptual modelling. We identified and described objective factors, trends, and problems of ensuring the long-term regional innovative development. Further, we defined and classified the current trends of innovative development of the regional economy, as well as substantiated the key parameters of neo-industrialisation. Then, we created a model of regional innovative development. To explain the discrepancies between the actual and the desired level of the development of neo-industrialisation parameters, we presented an algorithm that allows identifying bottlenecks, forming a roadmap, and implementing a mechanism for strengthening the potential of regional innovative development. Additionally, we specified key aspects of the innovative development path of regions, considering the current state of the real sector. The obtained theoretical results can be used for forecasting the most important economic challenges and identifying strategic factors for the regional innovative development in the context of neo-industrialisation.
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IONIŢĂ, Crăişor C. "Terror in europe and its sources in illegal migration from the south. How to distinguish one from the other and contain both." Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem 1(14)/2020, no. 1(14)/2020 (2020): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33674/320193.
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Currently, Europe has to face new risks and threats, including terrorist attacks, illegal migration, and hybrid warfare that transcend the common security aspects and have further roots beyond its borders, in unsolved hot spot areas, like Eastern and Southern neighbourhood. Today rapid developments in the political and economic fields made terrorism a common problem for all the countries in the world. This is also true for European countries because, with the Madrid bombing of the Atocha Rail Station, where, for the first time in the history of terrorism, two organizations were involved together (Al Qaida and ETA) in committing a violent action, we can speak about the internationalisation of terror and the shift of its political objectives towards those nations supporting the United States in the International War on Terror. Since the 2014 Ukrainian crisis and Syrian conflict, including here military actions to counter the Salafi Jihadist militant group and alleged former Al Qaida affiliate in the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), a period of increased Islamic terrorist activity has taken place in Europe, often referred to as the Wave of Terror in Europe. Terrorists employed a wide range of tactics to support implementation of their overall strategies. In Europe, as we saw in the past events, terrorist organisations have mostly been employing old tactics such as bombing, arson, assassination and suicide attack to achieve their goals. The big issue for terror in Europe is the mix of some of these classical acts with new methods including the use of computer devices, driving transportation means against crowds, shooting and stabbing their targets, in order to transmit proposed messages. The European security context forced more and more European states to take “hard” measures for eliminating the danger of those terrorist organizations. A lot of books have been written and many analyses have been made since the 90s. However, the terrorists modify their tactics and weapons according to new conditions. Moreover, they co-operate with each other and gain a more Mafia like characteristic. Even, terrorist organizations and other crime organizations are going faster than the sovereign countries in the field of cooperation. Consequently, the terrorist organizations, instead of being annihilated, gain more power, with every countermeasure.
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Servantie, Vinciane. "Les entreprises à internationalisation rapide et précoce : revue de littérature." Revue de l’Entrepreneuriat 6, no. 1 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/entre.061.0002.
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Servantie, Vinciane, and Thierry Verstraete. "Lecture des entreprises à internationalisation précoce et rapide par le Business Model." Revue de l’Entrepreneuriat 11, no. 3 (2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/entre.113.0055.
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Bacq, Sophie, and Régis Coeurderoy. "La théorie de l’« entreprise à internationalisation rapide et précoce » à l’épreuve des faits." Revue internationale P.M.E. 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 91–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045746ar.
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Résumé À la croisée des domaines des affaires internationales et de l’entrepreneuriat, le texte fondateur d’Oviatt et McDougall (1994) a proposé une nouvelle théorie de « l’entreprise à internationalisation rapide et précoce » (EIRP). Ce texte est généralement considéré comme fondateur du champ de l’entrepreneuriat international. Cet intérêt a donné naissance à de nombreux travaux empiriques dont l’objectif est de définir et de tester la pertinence de ce nouveau champ de recherche. Sur la base de ces travaux, nous tentons ici d’évaluer dans quelle mesure la spécificité attribuée à l’EIRP est validée mais également corrigée par l’épreuve des faits. Par ailleurs, la « rupture annoncée » avec le modèle par étapes dit d’Uppsala ne nous semble pas encore avérée et requiert, selon nous, de nouvelles recherches empiriques.
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Catanzaro, Alexis, Karim Messeghem, and Sylvie Sammut. "Accompagner l'entreprise à internationalisation précoce et rapide : la place centrale de la dimension réticulaire." Revue de l’Entrepreneuriat 11, no. 3 (2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/entre.113.0033.
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Cabrol, Mathieu, and Frédéric Nlemvo. "Diversité de comportement des entreprises à internationalisation précoce et rapide : essai de validation d'une typologie." Revue de l’Entrepreneuriat 11, no. 3 (2012): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/entre.113.0111.
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Le Borgne-Larivière, Marie, and Guillaume Schier. "Le rôle des filiales dans le processus de développement à l’international." Management international 15, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045625ar.
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Le présent article s’intéresse aux relations entre société-mère et filiale dans le cadre de l’internationalisation de l’entreprise, et avance l’idée du rôle possible de catalyseur de la filiale dans ce processus. L’étude qualitative d’un cas hybride d’internationalisation, par lequel une filiale, par sa créativité et son autonomie d’action, transcende son rôle et initie la maison-mère à des pratiques qui contribuent à faire passer cette dernière d’une condition d’internationalisation incrémentale à celle d’une firme quasi née globale, permet de poser l’hypothèse de l’existence de filiales « éducatives », capables de créer par elles-mêmes les conditions d’une internationalisation rapide et réussie pour la société-mère.
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Elidrissi, Djamila, Valérie Hauch, and Sabrina Loufrani-Fedida. "La dynamique des compétences relationnelles dans le développement des entreprises à internationalisation rapide et précoce : une approche multiniveaux." Revue internationale P.M.E. 30, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 85–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039787ar.
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Alors qu’une part importante de la littérature sur les entreprises à internationalisation rapide et précoce (EIRP) souligne l’importance des réseaux sociaux dans leur dynamique, très peu nous est dit sur les compétences relationnelles mobilisées par ces entreprises pour initier, consolider et étendre ces réseaux sociaux à l’international. Pour combler cette lacune, nous avons entrepris un programme de recherche, dont l’objectif est d’améliorer la compréhension de la dynamique des compétences relationnelles dans le développement des EIRP, en nous intéressant à la fois à l’identification, l’émergence et la combinaison des quatre niveaux de compétences (individuel, collectif, organisationnel et interorganisationnel). Notre recherche, de type exploratoire, repose sur une démarche qualitative, centrée sur une analyse de données issues d’une série d’entretiens avec des entrepreneurs-dirigeants d’EIRP et des experts de leur développement. Les résultats montrent que la dynamique des compétences relationnelles est le fruit d’efforts déployés à la fois par les dirigeants et leurs équipes pour initier la relation, puis consolider le réseau et enfin l’étendre. Aussi, dans les EIRP, les compétences relationnelles ne sont pas données, mais se construisent progressivement grâce aux stratégies des acteurs et à la prise en considération des quatre niveaux d’analyse de la compétence.
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TYRPENOU (Α.Ε.ΤΥΡΠΕΝΟΥ), A. E. "Safe foods for the European consumers." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 59, no. 2 (November 21, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14955.
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The market internationalisation, free trading of products and the transport of services within and between the European Union Member States, more and more is based on their quality and integrity. In this particularly exigent environment, in markets that are rapidly altered with fast rythms and within the frames of an intensive worldwide competition, it is obvious the need for "quality". A term, which, in order to become reality, requires patience and insistence, collective efforts, systemisation and a spirit of collaboration. It should become a way of life I could say. But nothing could be done if personally ourselves, collectively and with collaboration, do not realise that the quality begins, continues, but never ends. Questions that are directly related to health, safety, environment, food and other factors come daily in the topicality. In order to be answered, industries and control laboratories should daily be in the position to prove their supremacy, their reliability and technical competence with the application of a suitable quality control system (QA/QC). With this assumption, from the moment that the European Union initiated the European Integrated Market, it became clear that the commercial barriers between the countries can be revoked, only when a country entrusts the quality of the trials of the other country or more generally it's "Quality Level". For all the above and because as much the measurements as the quality of foods considerably affect us, Community or National rules have been established in order to assure us that the controls are reliably executed to guarantee the quality of foods for our protection. In this framework, the European Union, following the entire process "from the farm to the fork" by applying internationally acceptable quality standards, very recently established the new legislation regime named "Hygiene Package". This legislation includes a series of regulations which are directly related to hygiene, control and food enterprises monitoring, in order to control the processes kept of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) (Regulation 852/2004), special hygiene rules for the food of animal origin (Regulation 853/2004), special rules for the organisation of official controls (Regulation 854/2004), general rules for the execution of official controls for food and feed trade (Regulation 882/2004) and finally the determination of general legislation principles for foods, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the food safety processes and traceability towards the human health protection (Regulation 178/2002). Coming to modern production and focusing to food production safety from the point of view of chemical residues (veterinary drugs and environmental pollutants), we find out that an enormous number of chemical exogenic agents of a varied activity often constitute the main cause of a complicated situation of a food deteriorated with chemical residues and their quality level reduction, which finally leads, not only to the reduction of consumers' confidence, but also to their final rejection. In this issue and after a series of food crises like that in old days with hormones as well as recently with BSE, dioxins and the detection of several other residues in animal and plant products exported from our country, but also recently with the Avian influenza, consumers' confidence was shaken. Thus, the European Union concluded to establish a new scientific institution to provide it with independent scientific advices on food safety issues in the whole length of the food chain. The outcome was, as it had been initially decided with the White Book on Food Safety, the establishment of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Finally, in order the complete safeguard process of high quality foods to be concluded, of health and of good animal and plant management by taking suitable functioning measures of the internal market, the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) was created. The aim of this system is to provide the Competent Authorities with an effective way of information exchange for the measures which should be taken in order to safeguard food safety.
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Vasu, Sharmila Devi. "RAPID INTERNATIONALISATION: THE CRITICAL ROLE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS ON CAPABILITIES AND BUSINESS STRATEGY." European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies 6, no. 2 (March 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejmms.v6i2.1015.
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Grounded from resource-based view, network approach perspective, strategic behaviour theory, innovation theory and capabilities theory, this study proposed a model for rapid internationalisation of SMEs in Malaysia. In-depth interviews were conducted with selected firms in Malaysia to explore and identify the factors contributing to the firms' capabilities, business strategy and rapid internationalisation. This model provides further insight into the factors that leads them to rapid internationalisation. This paper found that technology, firm orientation, networking and founder's background and entrepreneurial characteristics as internal factors together with industry trends and environment are critical determinants of capabilities that lead to business strategy and rapid internationalisation. Apart from that, it was found that innovation plays a crucial role in IT based born global firms; it may not apply to all the firms. One of the firms interviewed has chosen creativity as their key role factor instead of innovation. Lastly, firms that do not require large capital are better off by avoiding external fund to reduce unnecessary financial risk.
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Sall, Ebrima. "The Climax of Globalisation:." International Journal of African Higher Education 7, no. 2 (November 11, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ijahe.v7i2.12889.
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This article examines the contradictory trends in globalisation andtheir impact on internationalisation in higher education. It arguesthat the rapid global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, that hasposed one of the most formidable challenges to globalisation andinternationalisation, was made possible precisely because of the advancedstage of development that globalisation had reached. The lockdownsand near total restriction on international mobility, closure of schoolsand universities, and other effects and responses to the pandemicadd to the restrictions on internationalisation imposed by conservativeregimes in the North and the South. The article focuses on threeissues: i) the contradictory trends in globalisation as relevant to internationalisation;ii) Trumpism and deepening neoliberal globalisation; andiii) networks and institutions in promoting internationalisation in theGlobal South. It argues that Trumpism and Brexit involve a renegotiationof the terms of engagement and attempts to reposition and re-assert thehegemony of certain players in the global economy. The article arguesthat, although certain aspects of internationalisation in higher educationhave become more difficult to preserve, it has deepened in other ways andtaken new forms, thanks to the extensive use of new communicationsmedia and technologies. Internationalisation has not always been, andwill not always be, ‘intentional’, but it can be harnessed to being about amore equitable form of globalisation.
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Hofmeyr, Dr Ana Sofia. "Intercultural Competence Development Through Co-Curricular and Extracurricular At-Home Programs in Japan." Journal of Studies in International Education, December 30, 2021, 102831532110701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10283153211070110.
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The rapid development of international education has occurred alongside a growing demand for higher education institutions to educate globally competent graduates. Yet, mobility remains a distant opportunity for most students, and Japanese undergraduate students often cite financial, safety, and job-hunting concerns as obstacles to studying abroad. Internationalisation-at-home has emerged as a viable alternative to mobility in Japan through government-funded internationalisation programs. This article will discuss the impact of co-curricular and extracurricular programs on the development of intercultural competence among 164 first-year Japanese students at two Top Global universities in Japan. Results from a one-year longitudinal, mixed methods study reveal that while formal programs positively affect intercultural competence development, informal intercultural contact on campus negatively affects students’ intercultural attitudes. Findings also indicate that student perceptions of intercultural competence at the pre-intervention stage affect engagement with intercultural opportunities on campus, suggesting the importance of introducing interventions prior to higher education.
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LI, Li. "Qualitative Research in Rapid Internationalisation—A Critical Review the Design and Data Collection Issues of an Empirical Study." DEStech Transactions on Social Science, Education and Human Science, ermm (October 12, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ermm2017/14705.
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Zhou, Yingying. "Research on innovative strategies of college students’ English teaching under the background of artificial intelligence." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, December 26, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amns.2021.2.00272.
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Abstract Today, corresponding to the new wave of internationalisation and integration, education is also subject to rapid and innovative changes. Accordingly, detailed research is undertaken in the present study on innovative teaching strategies that can be developed, under the background of artificial intelligence, to familiarise college students with the ability to fluently express their ideas in English. The research shows that among the factors affecting the quality of English teaching, teachers’ teaching methods, English teaching environment and students’ independent learning ability account for high weightage, which are 54%, 31% and 11%, respectively. Through the model of college students’ English teaching innovation strategy, it can be seen that the teaching method, teaching environment and autonomous learning method are the most feasible methods that can be employed in crafting a students’ English teaching innovation strategy.
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Paglia, Eric. "A higher level of civilisation? The transformation of Ny-Ålesund from Arctic coalmining settlement in Svalbard to global environmental knowledge center at 79° North." Polar Record 56 (October 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247419000603.
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Abstract This article provides an historical account and analysis of the repurposing of Ny-Ålesund from Arctic coalmining settlement to Norwegian-administered international research base in Svalbard. Three levels of analysis are employed to explain the settlement’s transformation and its rising geopolitical significance, focusing primarily on the period of rapid internationalisation and expansion of scientific activities starting in the late 1980s. The local level examines Norway’s efforts to maintain effective occupation of greater Kongsfjorden by promoting research, underpinned by the economisation of the area’s near-pristine natural environment as a non-extractive resource for science; the global level applies the concept of telecoupling to consider the role of events and processes at larger spatial scales that facilitated Ny-Ålesund’s transformation; and the “glocal” level explains how the interaction of Norwegian and global actors in the locality of Ny-Ålesund have collectively shaped the community’s institutions over some 30 years. The article also reflects on recent policy changes signalling more assertive Norwegian administration and greater coordination of research in Ny-Ålesund.
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Jaeger, Johannes. "Football fans and stakeholder theory – A qualitative approach to classifying fans in Germany." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-11-2020-0127.
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PurposePublic debates and scholarly literature on football fandom are often characterised by generalisation and lacking differentiation. The changing ethnography of fans, affected by the rapid commercialisation and internationalisation of the game, reinforces the demand for contemporary classification criteria and fan typologies that take the complexity and heterogeneity of fans into account and draw a more differentiated picture of fans and sub-groups.Design/methodology/approachBased on the grounded theory methodology and a systematic literature review on stakeholder theory, stakeholder classification criteria and football fandom, the authors conduct and analyse 14 semi-structured expert interviews with fan managers employed by German professional football clubs. Building on the analysis, the authors identify, present and discuss ten contemporary criteria and five corresponding typologies for the classification of football fans.FindingsThe grounded theory analysis suggests that football fans can be characterised according to ten classification criteria. Building on the analysis, the authors derive five fan typologies that differ in their characteristics along the continua of the identified criteria. Typologies comprise (1) active fans, (2) consuming fans, (3) event fans, (4) corporate fans and (5) passive followers.Originality/valueThe paper enlarges prior knowledge on the behavioural and attitudinal characteristics of fans as individuals and adds knowledge regarding relationships within fan groups, and regarding formal and non-formal relations between fans and clubs. The results provide scholars with a framework for further scientific investigation and practitioners with a concept for a more sophisticated and differentiated approach to managing fan relations.