Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rape Victoria / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Rape Victoria'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Rape Victoria.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Rape Victoria.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Brereton, David. "‘Real Rape’, Law Reform and The Role of Research: The Evolution of the Victorian Crimes (Rape) Act 1991." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 27, no. 1 (June 1994): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589402700110.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper provides a brief history of the Victorian Crimes (Rape) Act 1991 and examines the role which social science research played in the development of this legislation. The Crimes (Rape) Act was modelled closely on a report of the Law Reform Commission of Victoria. In preparing this report, the Commission undertook a comprehensive quantitative study of rape prosecutions in Victoria, as well as drawing on empirical studies from other jurisdictions. The paper concludes that the impact of the research on the development of the legislation was limited by a number of factors: the decision-making process was relatively unstructured, involved a large number of players, was highly politicised, and had a high symbolic content. However, the collection and dissemination of reliable data did take some of the heat and hyperbole out of the debate, and thereby facilitated a more constructive dialogue. This factor alone made the research worthwhile, given that the rape law reform had in the past been a highly divisive issue in Victoria.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Arenson, Kenneth J. "Rape in Victoria as a Crime of Absolute Liability: A Departure from Both Precedent and Progressivism." Journal of Criminal Law 76, no. 5 (October 2012): 399–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2012.76.5.795.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent decades, a disturbing trend has emerged in Victoria and elsewhere that has witnessed the emergence of statutory rules that accord preferential treatment to prosecutors and complainants in instances where allegations of rape are made. This article examines not only the manifestations of such treatment in the form of Victorian crime legislation, but the means by which the statutory crime of rape in Victoria has been transformed into an offence which, though technically one of mens rea, can effectively be prosecuted as an offence of absolute liability. The piece concludes with a discussion of the likely reasons for this trend as well as the implications of allowing such a serious offence to be prosecuted as one of absolute liability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Larcombe, Wendy, Bianca Fileborn, Anastasia Powell, Nicola Henry, and Natalia Hanley. "Reforming the Legal Definition of Rape in Victoria - What Do Stakeholders Think?" QUT Law Review 15, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v15i2.635.

Full text

Abstract:

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><em><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Internationally and in Australia, rape law reforms in recent decades have had mixed outcomes. As a result, when the Victorian government began consulting on another round of major reforms in this area, the authors designed a qualitative research project to investigate whether a proposed change to the definition of rape is likely to clarify and simplify the law, as intended. This article draws on a series of semi-structured interviews with stakeholders who have extensive practice- or research-based expertise in criminal justice processing of rape cases. We analyse their perceptions and interpretations of a proposed definition of rape, which would require an absence of ‘reasonable belief’ in consent, and explore potential impacts and limits of this reform. Given that the investigated reform proposal has now been adopted, and will come into effect in July 2015, our findings provide unique insight into stakeholders’ expectations of this latest reform of rape law in Victoria. Our findings suggest that this reform, like a number of its predecessors, may struggle to achieve its policy objectives. </span></em></p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Edwards, Anne, and Melanie Heenan. "Rape Trials in Victoria: Gender, Socio-cultural Factors and Justice*." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 27, no. 3 (December 1994): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589402700301.

Full text

Abstract:

The criminal law with respect to rape continues to be a major focus of academic, feminist and community attention. Since the 1970s a number of reforms have been introduced into the statutes and procedures relating to the definition of rape and the conduct of rape cases in the courts. This paper reports on the results of a 1990 Melbourne study, involving first-hand observation and systematic written recording of the entire court proceedings in six rape trials. The intention was to examine the role extra-legal socio-cultural factors play in the presentation and interpretation of accounts given in court and the influence they have on the outcomes. The analysis explores in detail the influence of the following: use of physical force and resistance; alcohol; the victim's social, moral and particularly sexual character, and her relationship with the accused.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Vincenot, L., M. H. Balesdent, H. Li, M. J. Barbetti, K. Sivasithamparam, L. Gout, and T. Rouxel. "Occurrence of a New Subclade of Leptosphaeria biglobosa in Western Australia." Phytopathology® 98, no. 3 (March 2008): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-3-0321.

Full text

Abstract:

Stem canker of crucifers is caused by an ascomycete species complex comprising of two main species, Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa. These are composed of at least seven distinct subclades based on biochemical data or on sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the mating type MAT1-2 or fragments of actin or β-tubulin genes. In the course of a wide-scale characterization of the race structure of L. maculans from Western Australia, a few isolates from two locations failed to amplify specific sequences of L. maculans, i.e., the mating-type or minisatellite alleles. Based on both pathogenicity tests and ITS size, these isolates were classified as belonging to the L. biglobosa species. Parsimony and distance analyses performed on ITS, actin and β-tubulin sequences revealed that these isolates formed a new L. biglobosa subclade, more related to the Canadian L. biglobosa ‘canadensis’ subclade than to the L. biglobosa ‘australensis’ isolates previously described in Australia (Victoria). They are termed here as L. biglobosa ‘occiaustralensis’. These isolates were mainly recovered from resistant oilseed rape cultivars that included the Brassica rapa sp. sylvestris-derived resistance source, but not from the susceptible cv. Westar. The pathogenicity of L. biglobosa ‘occiaustralensis’ to cotyledons of most oilseed rape genotypes was higher than that of L. biglobosa ‘canadensis’ or L. biglobosa ‘australensis’ isolates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Johnson, Avalon. "Access to Elective Abortions for Female Prisoners under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments." American Journal of Law & Medicine 37, no. 4 (December 2011): 652–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881103700405.

Full text

Abstract:

Victoria, a pregnant inmate housed in a Louisiana state prison, brought a civil rights action challenging the prison’s policy of requiring her to obtain a court order to receive an elective abortion. Although Louisiana state law purported to allow Victoria to obtain an elective abortion, Victoria was unable to obtain her abortion because of procedural delays. Victoria was released from prison before she gave birth but her pregnancy was too far along for her to legally obtain an abortion. She was therefore forced to carry her pregnancy to term and forced to place her newborn child with adoptive parents. Had she given birth in prison, she would have been shackled to her hospital bed, as Louisiana policies require.Little information regarding pregnancy, prenatal care, perinatal outcomes, and access to elective abortions for female inmates exists. We know, however, that between six and ten percent of the women entering jail or prison are pregnant and that more women may become impregnated in prison as a result of rape by prison guards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Philips, David. "Sex, Race, Violence and the Criminal Law in Colonial Victoria: Anatomy of a Rape Case in 1888." Labour History, no. 52 (1987): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27508820.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Plummer, KM, K. Dunse, and BJ Howlett. "Non-aggressive Strains of the Blackleg Fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans, Are Present in Australia and Can Be Distinguished From Aggressive Strains by Molecular Analysis." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 1 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940001.

Full text

Abstract:

Isolates of the pathogenic ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans have been cultured from blackleg-affected oilseed rape (Brassica napus) stubble from Horsham, Victoria. These isolates are indistinguishable on the basis of morphological characters, but can be classified as either aggressive or non-aggressive by their ability to infect B. napus cultivars Midas and Westar. These aggressive and non-aggressive isolates of L. maculans can be distinguished by molecular techniques including electrophoretic karyotyping, Southern analysis of the ribosomal RNA gene repeat, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker analysis, and pigment production. The presence of aggressive and non-aggressive strains of L. maculans in North America and Europe has been previously described. This is the first report of non-aggressive L. maculans strains isolated from B. napus in Australia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Arenson, Kenneth J. "The Chaotic State of the Law of Rape in Victoria: A Mandate for Reform." Journal of Criminal Law 78, no. 4 (August 2014): 326–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2014.78.4.931.

Full text

Abstract:

This article is intended as a final commentary and sequel to two earlier articles in this journal that have examined the arcane and circular wording of s. 37AA of the Crimes Act 1958 (Vic) and its patent incompatibility with ss 36 and 38 of that Act that define the elements of rape. In particular, this article will revisit many of the essential points raised in the first two articles in order to afford readers with an appropriate backdrop against which the Victorian Court of Appeal's decision in GC v The Queen will be examined. The article concludes with a strenuous recommendation that s. 37AA be repealed or substantially amended in order to comport with ss 36 and 38 as well as the Court of Appeal's decision in NT v The Queen that significantly reshaped the Morgan principle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kalish, Rachel. "Book Review: Denny, Todd. (2007). Unexpected Allies: Men Who Stop Rape. Victoria, BC, Canada: Trafford Publishing." Men and Masculinities 11, no. 5 (April 18, 2008): 637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x08318159.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Mulla, Sameena. "Rape: Challenging Contemporary Thinking edited by Miranda Horvath and Jennifer Brown Theorizing Sexual Violence edited by Renée J. Heberle and Victoria Grace." PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 34, no. 1 (May 2011): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1555-2934.2011.01157.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Jacobs, J. L., G. N. Ward, A. M. McDowell, and G. Kearney. "Effect of seedbed cultivation techniques, variety, soil type and sowing time, on brassica dry matter yields, water use efficiency and crop nutritive characteristics in western Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 7 (2002): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01133.

Full text

Abstract:

Effect of cultivation practice and sowing time on soil moisture retention at sowing, growth rates, dry matter yield, water use efficiency and nutritive characteristics (metabolisable energy, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, water-soluble carbohydrates and starch) of turnip, pasja and rape was determined on 2 soil types (site A and B) over 2 years. Cultivation treatments were: optimum full inversion, an optimum non-inversion cultivation and over cultivated. At each site, cultivation treatments were imposed at 2 different times (early and late).Results showed few differences in soil moisture at sowing between the 3 cultivation systems. Where seedbeds were prepared earlier rather than later, soil moisture at sowing was higher. Given that there was relatively little difference in soil moisture between cultivation treatments within a sowing time, it is likely that rainfall events may have confounded cultivation effects.Apart from year 2 at site A, the water use efficiency of turnip was higher than for pasja and rape. It is proposed that the lower value in year 2 may be due to root development being retarded by low moisture availability, particularly at the later sowing date, thus leading to a lower dry matter yield.Despite no cultivation effects on soil moisture at sowing, there appeared to be clear advantages for the full inversion technique in terms of subsequent weed germination. Generally, weed numbers post germination were lower for this cultivation method compared with both non-inversion techniques. In conclusion, the cultivation techniques used had little effect on soil moisture at sowing and subsequent dry matter yields, provided the resultant seedbed was well-prepared, fine, firm and weed free. Full inversion cultivation techniques in areas where broad-leaved weeds are a problem may substantially reduce subsequent weed burdens. Early sowing where possible may reduce the likelihood of crop failure through the provision of adequate soil moisture at sowing and increase the incidence of rain during the growing period. Timing of sowing will vary according to paddock requirements during early spring (e.g. grazing or forage conservation), soil type, and trafficability for cultivation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Tsialtas, J. T., and I. G. Eleftherohorinos. "First Report of Branched Broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) on Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus), Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis), and Wild Vetch (Vicia spp.) in Northern Greece." Plant Disease 95, no. 10 (October 2011): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-11-0462.

Full text

Abstract:

Branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) is a chlorophyll-lacking, root parasitic plant that infects many crops and wild species (2). Plants are densely hairy with minute, glandular hairs, particularly on flowers and upper stems. Stems are erect, often branched just above the ground, and brown to straw yellow. Leaves are sparse, triangular, dark brown or purple, and arranged alternately mainly near the base of the stem. Flowers are numerous, arranged along an upright spike with a lance-shaped bract beneath the flower (about a third of the length of the flower). Petals are pale blue to purple and united into a slender tube approximately 15 mm long with two lips, the upper divided into two lobes and the lower into three lobes. The flowers have two short and two long stamens. During 2010 and 2011, a severe broomrape infection was found in an oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., cvs. Nelson and W31) crop on light-textured soil in northern Greece (Paralimnio-Serres, 41°01′N, 23°32′E, 40 m above sea level), where oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), a susceptible host of branched broomrape, was grown 20 years ago. The field had been cultivated with oilseed rape for three consecutive seasons in rotation with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The infestation of the oilseed rape crop was confirmed in April by digging in the soil (25 to 30 cm deep) to verify attachment of the broomrape to roots of the crop plants. Density of the broomrape ranged from 20 to 120 stems per m2 and broomrape stems were 15 to 30 cm tall. Yield losses were estimated at 30 to 60%. In 2011, branched broomrape was found parasitizing wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) growing as a weed in the oilseed rape field. Attachment of the broomrape was verified on a lateral root of the wild mustard plant near the soil surface, 0.95 m from the main root of the weed. Additionally, branched broomrape was found in April 2010 and 2011 parasitizing wild vetch (Vicia spp.) growing in field margins at the Cotton and Industrial Plants Institute-National Agricultural Research Foundation (Sindos, 40°41′N, 22°48′E, 17 m above sea level). The parasitized vetch plants were growing on light-textured soil. Attachment of the broomrape to roots of the host plants was verified at a 5-cm soil depth. Stems of the parasite were short (7 to 10 cm). The monthly mean air temperature for February (7.3°C), March (9.6°C), and April (14.1°C) and mean soil temperature at a 10-cm depth for February (7.0°C), March (9.5°C), and April (13.4°C), before verification of the broomrape infestation at Sindos, were much lower than the temperature range reported (18 to 23°C) for branched broomrape infestations (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of O. ramosa on oilseed rape, wild mustard, and wild vetch in northern Greece. Since branched broomrape could be a significant parasite for oilseed rape, which was introduced to Greece as a commercial crop 5 years ago, measures should be taken to avoid significant yield losses from this parasitic plant. References: (1) I. Faithfull and D. McLaren. Landcare Note LC0272. Department of Sustainability and Environment, State of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, 2004. (2) C. Parker. Pest Manag. Sci. 65:453, 2009.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Crozier, Ivan, and Gethin Rees. "Making a Space for Medical Expertise: Medical Knowledge of Sexual Assault and the Construction of Boundaries between Forensic Medicine and the Law in Late Nineteenth-century England." Law, Culture and the Humanities 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872111429918.

Full text

Abstract:

This article looks at the boundary work performed by Victorian doctors in order to position themselves as beneficial to the court in helping to determine whether a woman had been raped. These doctors provided tangible physical evidence to support already widely-held beliefs about the nature of the rape victim. Such physical evidence could then be used to support, or undermine, the complainant’s allegation. The article concludes that the reliance upon forensic evidence, the result of such boundary construction, is one of the major factors maintaining the current international “justice gap” in rape cases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Allen, Michelle. "FROM CESSPOOL TO SEWER: SANITARY REFORM AND THE RHETORIC OF RESISTANCE, 1848–1880." Victorian Literature and Culture 30, no. 2 (August 27, 2002): 383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150302302018h.

Full text

Abstract:

IN 1855, THE REVEREND GIRDLESTONE zealously promoted sanitary reform in Britain, claiming that the movement was “pregnant with the most important advantages to the human race, in every point of view — social, moral, and religious” (29). Girdlestone’s claim provides a useful starting point for considering representations of reform, as this view of the redemptive powers of cleanliness has been accepted by many historians as a characteristic Victorian attitude.1 But while it is true that many Victorians believed that sweeping public health reforms could fuel the physical and moral regeneration of the urban poor, it is also true that others responded to these reforms with fear, anger, and suspicion: an active strain of resistance flourished within Victorian sanitary discourse. That scholars have privileged the Victorians’ declarations of faith in matters of cleanliness and to some degree shared in these sentiments should not surprise us. The idea of public health reform as universally advantageous accords not only with our own sense of the desirability of sanitary techniques such as flush-toilets and water-borne sewerage, which have become naturalized in the West, but also with a narrative of historical progress.2 While this essay does not dispute the fact that the sanitary idea gained wide acceptance in the period, it does seek to shift the focus away from Victorian faith to Victorian apostasy in matters of reform.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Paridaen, Annieka, and John A. Kirkegaard. "Forage canola (Brassica napus): spring-sown winter canola for biennial dual-purpose use in the high-rainfall zone of southern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 4 (2015): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14119.

Full text

Abstract:

European winter canola (Brassica napus L.) varieties adapted to the long, cool seasons in high-rainfall areas of southern Australia have recently been adopted as autumn-sown, grain-only and dual-purpose crops. A spring-sown winter canola could be used as a biennial dual-purpose crop, to provide additional forage for summer and autumn grazing before recovery to produce an oilseed crop. We report a series of field experiments demonstrating that European winter canola types have suitable phenological characteristics to allow for their use as biennial, spring-sown crops, providing significant forage (2.5–4 t ha–1) for grazing while remaining vegetative through summer and autumn, and recovering following vernalisation in winter to produce high seed yield (2.5–5.0 t ha–1). Sowing too early (September) in colder inland areas risked exposure of the crop to vernalising temperatures, causing the crop to bolt to flower in summer, whereas all crops sown from mid-October remained vegetative through summer. Crop stands thinned by 20–30% during summer, and this was exacerbated by grazing, but surviving stands of ~30 plants m–2 were sufficient to support high yields. Grazing had no effect on grain yield at one site, but reduced yield by 0.5 t ha–1 at a second site, although this was more than offset by the value of the grazed forage. The spring-sowing approach has potential to replace the existing forage rape–spring cereal sequence, or to add a further option to the existing autumn-sown winter canola in areas such as southern Victoria, where early autumn establishment can be problematic and spring-sown crops can better withstand pests and winter waterlogging, which limit yield of autumn-sown crops. Because these are the first known studies in Australia to investigate the use of spring-sown winter canola, further work is warranted to refine further the crop and grazing strategies to maximise productivity and profitability from this option.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Walters, Reece. "Alternatives to Youth Imprisonment: Evaluating the Victorian Youth Attendance Order." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 29, no. 2 (August 1996): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589602900206.

Full text

Abstract:

On 22 June 1988 the then Minister for Community Services Victoria, Race Matthews, officially launched the Youth Attendance Order (YAO), a high tariff alternative for young offenders aged between 15 and 18 years who were facing a term of detention. Throughout the order's gestation, much debate occurred about the impact it would have on rates of juvenile incarceration as well as about the potential ‘net widening’ effect it could have on less serious offenders. In May 1994 the National Centre For Socio-Legal Studies at La Trobe University submitted its report evaluating the Victorian Youth Attendance Order. This article presents some of the major findings of that report and examines the future options for this high tariff order in juvenile justice.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Ward, G. N., and J. L. Jacobs. "Effects of defoliation intensity at the first grazing of forage rape (Brassica napus L.) by dairy cattle on subsequent regrowth potential, total DM consumed, nutritive characteristics and nutrient selection." Animal Production Science 53, no. 3 (2013): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12107.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of summer brassica forage crops in dryland dairy systems in southern Victoria is considered a key component of the feed base as they provide home-grown forage with high nutritive characteristics during a period where perennial ryegrass growth is limited due to high summer temperatures and low soil water content. Current knowledge on the use of single-grazing brassica crops such as turnips (Brassica rapa L.) is well defined; however, information on the management of regrowth brassica species that can provide multiple grazings is more limited. The present experiment determined the effect of different grazing regimes (high, medium and low defoliation intensity) at the first grazing on subsequent regrowth capability and nutritive characteristics of Winfred (Brassica napus L.) over the summer growing period across 2 years. We hypothesised that intensive defoliation of a summer regrowth brassica at the first grazing will result in lower total DM yields and harvested estimated metabolisable energy (ME) and crude protein per hectare for the growing season than do more lax grazing options that results in less DM removal at the first grazing. Total DM and estimated ME consumed over the growing period varied between years. In Year 1, more (P < 0.05) DM was consumed at the first grazing and less (P < 0.05) at the subsequent grazing for the high-intensity treatment. However, both total DM and estimated ME consumed were higher (P < 0.05) for the high-intensity treatment than for the low-intensity treatment, while in Year 2, there were no differences between the treatments. Nutritive characteristics and mineral concentrations were relatively unaffected by grazing regimes. The results of the present experiment indicated that the optimum grazing management to maximise total DM yields and consumption of spring-sown Winfred will vary depending on the seasonal growing conditions. In years where moisture stress will be limiting crop growth, a high defoliation-intensity first grazing that consumes a high proportion of DM on offer, including some of the main stem, will maximise the total DM grown and consumed from the crop. Care, however, should be taken not to remove all axillary buds from the remaining stems. In summers where moisture stress is not likely to seriously restrict crop growth, a medium defoliation-intensity grazing where the leaf and petiole, but little of the stem, are removed will maximise DM regrowth, leading to maximum total DM grown for the season. A high defoliation-intensity first grazing that removes at least half the stem is, under these conditions, likely to remove too many axillary buds and reduce water-soluble carbohydrate reserves required for DM regrowth, while a lax first grazing will result in a lower DM regrowth.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Sunthikhunakorn, Nathamon. "Vampires and Sexual Degeneration in Bram Stoker’s Dracula." MANUSYA 21, no. 1 (2018): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-02101003.

Full text

Abstract:

In the late-nineteenth century, Victorian people lived their lives in fear and anxiety caused by the negative consequences of the Industrial Revolution and uncertainty about their future. The concept of degeneration invented by influential nineteenth-century European scientists was used to explain the causes and effects of these pessimistic outcomes. It terrified Victorian people because it proposed the idea that the Caucasian race would be physically degraded and would, unavoidably, face extinction because later generations would become morally and culturally corrupted. This concept is reflected in the analysis of Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897) in the form of sexual degeneration in the form of sexual degeneration in the late-nineteenth century and how the novel seeks to deal with the tensions of the era by both reinforcing Victorian values and highlighting the importance of an adaptability to change. Relying on the social and cultural context of degeneration in nineteenth-century Britain, this paper shows that vampires in the novel can be seen to represent degenerate people and they also symbolize the Victorians’ fear regarding changes in gender roles during the late-nineteenth century. Decadent women of the period are portrayed through the figures of the female vampires and Lucy Westenra who express their lack of self-control by being excessively sexual and resigning wifehood and motherhood. While Lucy is eliminated from the text, Mina Harker survives through to the end since she is proved to be a good and loyal wife who uses her knowledge and intellect to provide her husband with support when it is needed. A character like Mina helps reduce the tension and anxiety about sexual morality, gender roles and the possibility that the English race will become extinct because she reaffirms Victorian values and also proves that it is not necessary for the country to collapse because of change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Martin, Elizabeth. "The Great Sphinx and Other “Thinged” Statues in Colonial Portrayals of Africa." Victorian Literature and Culture 50, no. 1 (2022): 27–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150320000133.

Full text

Abstract:

This article uses thing theory to interrogate literary portrayals of ancient statues in Africa. It argues that Victorian colonists adopted a “rhetoric of thinghood” to portray these statues’ history and purpose as forever lost to time. By treating them as “things”—singular, incomprehensible, sublime—the statues could be decoupled from the indigenous cultures that made them. Victorians could thus avoid acknowledging the evidence that the objects’ appearance and manufacture provided of the existence of Black civilization, which Victorian race theory denied to Black Africans. Starting with an overview of the nineteenth-century European concept of fetishism, this article traces the development of that rhetorical sleight-of-hand through the real-world integration of the bust of Younger Memnon (now Ramses II) and other Egyptian antiquities into Eurocentric notions of world history: an integration that spurred a variety of interpretive methods intended to negate their racialized appearance. Nonetheless, many African artifacts, particularly those with human likenesses, remained sites of hegemonic destabilization, which authors like Haggard and Wells interrogated in their imperial romances. Under the assumed scrutiny of ancient statues—portrayed as pseudo-animate sentinels bearing silent witness to the unfolding of history—the justifications for colonial expansion corrode, triggering a more hostile and xenophobic mind-set in the Victorian protagonist.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Morrice-West, Ashleigh, Peta Hitchens, Elizabeth Walmsley, and R. Whitton. "Track Surfaces Used for Ridden Workouts and Alternatives to Ridden Exercise for Thoroughbred Horses in Race Training." Animals 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8120221.

Full text

Abstract:

Little is known about the types of surfaces used during training of Thoroughbred racehorses or methods of exercise used in addition to ridden track-work. Our aims were to (1) describe the types of surfaces used in the training of Thoroughbred racehorses and to (2) identify alternative approaches used to exercise horses in addition to, or in place of, ridden overground track-work. Information regarding surface and alternative exercise methods was collected as part of an in-person survey of training practices of 66 registered Thoroughbred trainers in Victoria, Australia. Sand and synthetic surfaces were used by 97% and 36% of trainers respectively for slow-workouts, with galloping on turf training tracks used in training regimens by 82% and synthetic by 58% of trainers. Of those trainers utilising turf tracks, only 34% of gallop training was completed on turf despite turf being the predominant racing surface. Almost 90% of trainers used alternatives to ridden exercise. There is substantial variation in training surface used and alternative types of exercise undertaken by Victorian trainers. Future research should focus on how such practices relate to injury risk, particularly as it relates to the importance of musculoskeletal adaptation to specific race-day surfaces.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Chappell, Lindsey N. "Placing Victorian Abolitionism." Victorian Literature and Culture 50, no. 2 (2022): 225–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150320000431.

Full text

Abstract:

This article analyzes Victorian abolitionism after the British Slavery Abolition Act of 1833, attending to particular epistemological racisms built into our ways of thinking about Victorian texts. Recent scholarship has begun to examine race in Victorian studies, but we've largely eschewed contemporaneous considerations of slavery and its ongoing imbrication with the British Empire. Notably absent are studies of abolitionism from within the U.S. South, where British commentators sought to contain slavery as a local depravity. I analyze narratives around the “Weeping Time,” the largest slave auction in U.S. history, including English actress Fanny Kemble's 1863 Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838–1839, transatlantic periodical coverage of the auction, and nontraditional histories of local resistance. These texts disrupt the entrenched critical tradition of dividing the U.S. South from Britain, pushing us to reevaluate what we assume about race in Victorian studies today. Race, I argue, shapes Victorian and Victorianist subject positions through the location of bodies and ideologies in specific places. These localizations function as narrative shorthand to evaluate, for example, morality and aesthetics while silently assuming a default white subject position.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Aldaoud, R., W. Guppy, L. Callinan, S. F. Flett, K. A. Wratten, G. A. Murray, T. Cook, and A. McAllister. "Occurrence of Phytophthora clandestina in Trifolium subterraneum paddocks in Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 2 (2001): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00048.

Full text

Abstract:

In 1995–96, a survey of soil samples from subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) paddocks was conducted across Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales and Western Australia, to determine the distribution and the prevalence of races of Phytophthora clandestina (as determined by the development of root rot on differential cultivars), and the association of its occurrence with paddock variables. In all states, there was a weak but significant association between P. clandestina detected in soil samples and subsequent root rot susceptibility of differential cultivars grown in these soil samples. Phytophthora clandestina was found in 38% of the sampled sites, with a significantly lower prevalence in South Australia (27%). There were significant positive associations between P. clandestina detection and increased soil salinity (Western Australia), early growth stages of subterranean clover (Victoria), mature subterranean clover (South Australia), recently sown subterranean clover (South Australia), paddocks with higher subterranean clover content (Victoria), where herbicides were not applied (South Australia), irrigation (New South Wales and Victoria), cattle grazing (South Australia and Victoria), early sampling dates (Victoria and New South Wales), sampling shortly after the autumn break or first irrigation (Victoria), shorter soil storage time (Victoria) and farmer’s perception of root rot being present (Victoria and New South Wales). Only 29% of P. clandestina isolates could be classified under the 5 known races. Some of the unknown races were virulent on cv. Seaton Park LF (most resistant) and others were avirulent on cv. Woogenellup (most susceptible). Race 1 was significantly less prevalent in South Australia than Victoria and race 0 was significantly less prevalent in New South Wales than in South Australia and Western Australia. This study revealed extremely wide variation in the virulence of P. clandestina. The potential importance of the results on programs to breed for resistance to root rot are discussed. in South Australia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Barkan, Elazar, and Shearer West. "The Victorians and Race." Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 30, no. 2 (1998): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4053584.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Fingard, Judith. "Race and respectability in Victorian Halifax∗." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 20, no. 2 (May 1992): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086539208582869.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Barrow, Robin. "Braddon's Haunting Memories: Rape, Class and the Victorian Popular Press." Women's Writing 13, no. 3 (October 2006): 348–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699080600855208.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Howell, Jessica. "Victorian Race and the Inhospitable British Climate." Victorian Review 47, no. 1 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2021.0001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Al-Moshileh, Abd-Rahman Mohamed M., Mohamed Zaky El-Shinawy, and Mohamed Ibrahim Motawei. "Evaluation of Potato Cultivars Grown in Saudi Arabia by Morphological Characters and RAPD Markers." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 12 (January 1, 2007): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol12iss0pp35-42.

Full text

Abstract:

Genetic diversity of 10 potato cultivars was investigated at the DNA level with the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) procedure and at the phenotypic level using morphological characters. The results indicated that there were considerable variations among the different studied cultivars. Cultivars Victoria, Frizia and Safaren had the highest chlorophyll content compared to the other cultivars in both seasons. The largest leaf area and leaf dry weight were measured in cultivar Safaren and Mondial in both seasons. Cultivars Aboulx and Mondia produced the highest tuber yield in both seasons. On the other hand, cultivars Victoria and Edward were characterized by their considerably lower yield than other studied cultivars. Specific gravity varied considerably among the different potato cultivars. Thirteen random decamer primers were used to amplify DNA via the polymerase chain reaction and 75 RAPDs were generated. The RAPD profiles obtained were successfully used to differentiate potato cultivars. Based on the pair-wise comparison of amplification products, genetic similarity was estimated. The genetic similarity among all potato cultivars ranged from 50 to 92 %. Cultivars Victoria and Etfadoal presented the least similarity (0.50) while cultivars Mondial and Citrix had the greatest similarity (0.92). Etfadoal cultivar displayed the greatest genetic diversity of all cultivars. A dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA analysis. On the basis of this analysis, the cultivars were grouped into three clusters. The polymorphism detected suggests that RAPD markers are reliable for identification of potato cultivars and could be exploited in genetic mapping of populations to tag economically important traits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Samantrai, Ranu, and Susan Meyer. "Imperialism at Home: Race and Victorian Women's Fiction." Modern Language Review 93, no. 2 (April 1998): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3735381.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Alexander, Lynn M., and Susan Meyer. "Imperialism at Home: Race and Victorian Women's Fiction." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 16, no. 2 (1997): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/464377.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Taylor-Brown, Emilie. "Exploring Victorian travel literature: disease, race and climate." Studies in Travel Writing 20, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645145.2016.1212506.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Huzzey, Richard. "Race, Anti-Caste and the Victorians." History Workshop Journal 83, no. 1 (2017): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbx026.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Solomos, John. "TAMING CANNIBALS: RACE AND THE VICTORIANS." Ethnic and Racial Studies 36, no. 1 (January 2013): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2012.708426.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Palliser, D. M. "T.P. Hudson (ed.), The Victoria History of the Counties of England: A History of the County of Sussex. Vol V, Part I: Arundel Rape (South-Western Part), including Arundel. Oxford: Oxford University Press/Institute of Historical Research, University of London, 1997. xxii + 279pp. 57 plates. 14 figures. £70.00." Urban History 26, no. 2 (August 1999): 289–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926899230283.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Peak, Anna. "THE CONDITION OF MUSIC IN VICTORIAN SCHOLARSHIP." Victorian Literature and Culture 44, no. 2 (May 10, 2016): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150315000716.

Full text

Abstract:

Many Victorian commentators, from Herbert Spencer and Charles Darwin on, saw music as the most primitive of all the arts, an inarticulate precursor of language, and yet many Victorians, particularly towards the end of the century, also saw music as the purest of all art forms. The tremendous tension between these two views meant that music provided, and provides, an ideal way to understand more completely Victorian ideas about evolution, gender, and race in relation to aesthetics, although scholarship on music has only begun to consider those relationships. But as Vernon Lee long ago pointed out, in a series of thoughtful essays about music published inFraser's Magazineand other periodicals in the 1870s and 1880s, music has always been slower to develop than other arts or fields of study. This is in fact why musicologists speak of “nineteenth-century music,” rather than Victorian music: the Romantic period in music, for example, is starting as the Romantic period in literature had largely ended; the English Musical Renaissance comes after the renaissance period in British literature; and so on. Musicology, likewise, is a comparatively young field, and the study of nineteenth-century British music – long limited to Gilbert and Sullivan, if considered at all – younger yet. Studies of literature that engage with music as an important part of the historical context of a given text depend on developments in musicology for a proper understanding of that context, which is why such works are comparatively few.Whymusic should be slower to develop than other fields is a question outside the scope of this essay, but the good news is that in the past ten years a number of useful and valuable works of scholarship on nineteenth-century British music have appeared, examining not only neglected composers and musical works, but also performers, concert organizers, music publishers, instruments and their history, and evolutionary, Orientalist, and nationalist discourses about music. This scholarship, valuable in itself, not only expands our knowledge of musicology and cultural history; by pointing out some of the deep connections between literature and music in the Victorian period, such scholarship also suggests new ways to think about literary forms, canon formation, and aesthetic theories.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Paz, D. G. "Anti-Catholicism, Anti-Irish Stereotyping, and Anti-Celtic Racism in Mid-Victorian Working-Class Periodicals." Albion 18, no. 4 (1986): 601–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050132.

Full text

Abstract:

The rapid increase in Irish immigration, it is often argued, was the chief cause for the growth of anti-Catholicism in mid-nineteenth century England. Patrick Joyce and Neville Kirk both believe that ethnic tension and violence in southeast Lancashire and northeast Cheshire increased during and after the late 1840s, that that increase “followed the pattern of the arrival and dispersal” of Irish immigrants, and that the controversy over the creation of the Roman Catholic hierarchy in 1850 intensified the conflict.L.P. Curtis, Jr., agrees that the mid-century is important, for it was then, he argues, that the stereotype, based on scientific racism, of the Irish as inferior, was “finally assembled and reproduced for a mass reading public which was by then ready to believe almost anything of a derogatory nature about the Irish people.” The English image of the Irish was bound up with the idea of race or with that amalgam of ostensibly scientific doctrines, subjective data, and ethnocentric prejudices which was steadily gaining respectability among educated men in Western Europe during the first half of the century. In England the idea of race as the determinant of human history and human behavior held an unassailable position in the minds of most Anglo-Saxonists. …Curtis admits that the Victorians used the word “race” very loosely, and that working-class anti-Irish “prejudice” had class and religious, as well as racist, bases. But he fails to explore these non-racist elements; his argument rests on the evidence of Victorian anthropological writings; he clearly believes that racism bears explanatory primacy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Barrow, Robin J. "Rape on the Railway: Women, Safety, and Moral Panic in Victorian Newspapers." Journal of Victorian Culture 20, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13555502.2015.1057390.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Hollaway, GJ, and TW Bretag. "Occurrence and distribution of races of Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi in Australia and their specificity towards various field pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 5 (1995): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950629.

Full text

Abstract:

The occurrence of races among 65 Australian isolates of Pseudornonas syringae pv. pisi, the causal organism of bacterial blight of field peas, was investigated. Race 3 was most common in Victoria and New South Wales, while race 6 was most common in South Australia. Field pea cultivars were screened for their resistance or susceptibility toward the 7 races of P. syringae pv. pisi. The most common cultivars were susceptible to races 3 and 6, explaining the high incidence of these races in this survey. All cultivars tested were susceptible to race 6, which was identified in all 3 States.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Gomez, Rodrigo. "Translating Decolonisation." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 42, no. 2 (August 1, 2011): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v42i2.5139.

Full text

Abstract:

Rodrigo Gomez is a Chilean lawyer who completed a Master of Arts in Pacific Studies with Distinction at Victoria University of Wellington in 2010. The thesis was on the self-determination of the people of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). The thesis begins with this poem. It was written before the troubles in Hanga Roa of July 2010 but is well contextualised by those and more recent events on Easter Island. "Sangrienta repression en Rapa Nui" (2010) The Clinic <www.theclinic.cl>.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Cleere, Eileen. "Rape in Public: Overlooking Child Sexual Assault in Charlotte Mary Yonge's The Daisy Chain." Victorian Literature and Culture 50, no. 1 (2022): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150320000352.

Full text

Abstract:

Charlotte Mary Yonge's Victorian novel The Daisy Chain (1856) is not a text that has been discussed in terms of sexual violence. A “family story” that apparently inspired Alcott's Little Women (1869), The Daisy Chain has been most often considered a novel about the conflict between female vocation and religious duty. However, in this essay I argue that The Daisy Chain is also a novel that grapples openly with the problem of child sexual assault and features violence against women and girls as an accepted custom of what Berlant and Warner call the “heterosexual life narrative” (“Sex in Public”). Our postmodern abstraction of rape and the terminology surrounding rape have made sexual assault harder to “see” in both reality and representation, but in the context of the #MeToo movement, this essay pushes for an understanding of rape in The Daisy Chain as an event that happens in plain sight. Toggling between the two meanings of the word “overlook,” I argue that rape is a normalized custom of heterosexual belonging that can only be seen in the novel by girls with bad vision. Ethel May's myopia allows her to see what the rest of her family overlooks: rape in public.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Gans, Jeremy. "Rape Trial Studies: Handle with Care." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 30, no. 1 (March 1997): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589703000102.

Full text

Abstract:

The notion that the issue of the accused's honest belief about consent has little effect on the outcome of most rape trials has gained considerable acceptance amongst some rape law reformers. The acceptance of this claim can be partly traced to the Law Reform Commission of Victoria's study of rape prosecutions in 1991. However, properly considered, the study provides no support for this assertion. This is because of two limitations to the study: the merely cursory analysis of pre-trial decision making and the lack of plausible assessment of the jury's approach to its fact-finding task. Properly understood, the study's findings suggest a reform of the trial judge's direction to the jury, a possibility ignored in the Law Reform Commission's report. This paper argues that law reformers should pay more attention to such limitations when considering empirical research into rape prosecutions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Ross, Stuart, and David Brereton. "AN EPIDEMIC OF VIOLENCE?: CHANGING PATTERNS IN REPORTED RAPES IN VICTORIA." Australian Journal of Social Issues 32, no. 2 (May 1997): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.1997.tb01058.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Martin, Amy E. "Victorian Ireland: Race and the Category of the Human." Victorian Review 40, no. 1 (2014): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2014.0006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Grimshaw, Patricia. "Racial Crossings: Race, Intermarriage and the Victorian British Empire." Journal of Australian Studies 37, no. 2 (June 2013): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2013.784185.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Malachuk, Daniel S. "ROMOLA AND VICTORIAN LIBERALISM." Victorian Literature and Culture 36, no. 1 (March 2008): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150308080030.

Full text

Abstract:

In his 1867 review of two recent historical novels, Henry James worried that, barring “a second Walter Scott,” no modern mind could synthesize the increasingly scientific discipline of history and the imagination of fiction. “[S]tory-tellers are, for the most part, an illogical, loose-thinking, ill-informed race” (280), James teased, while the new historian – he refers to “writers of a purely scientific turn of mind” such as “Niebuhr and Mommsen, Gizot and Buckle” (278) – “works in the dark, with a contracted forehead and downcast eyes, on his hands and knees, as men work in coal-mines” (279). James's anxious jocularity does little to disguise his interest in (and intimidation before) the ascetic historian, particularly that new professional's willingness to “say sternly to his fancy: So far thou shalt go, and no further.” Why, James subsequently wondered, should the novelist “not [also] imprison his imagination, for the time, in a circle of incidents from which there is no arbitrary issue, and apply his ingenuity to the study of a problem to which there is but a single solution” (279)?

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Hancock, AJ, and DM Rowell. "A Chromosomal Hybrid Zone in the Australian Huntsman Spider, Delena Cancerides (Araneae, Sparassidae) - Evidence for a Hybrid Zone Near Canberra, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no. 2 (1995): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950173.

Full text

Abstract:

Data are presented that indicate the presence of a hybrid zone between two chromosomal races of the endemic Australian spider Delena cancerides. Electrophoretic data verify the hybridising taxa as members of the Victorian telocentric race and a chain-carrying race. Evidence is presented that indicates the hybrid zone is of natural origin, as opposed to being the result of human introductions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Zainudin, Nur Ain Izzati Mohd, Bradford Condon, Lieselotte De Bruyne, Christof Van Poucke, Qing Bi, Wei Li, Monica Höfte, and B. Gillian Turgeon. "Virulence, Host-Selective Toxin Production, and Development of Three Cochliobolus Phytopathogens Lacking the Sfp-Type 4′-Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Ppt1." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 28, no. 10 (October 2015): 1130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-03-15-0068-r.

Full text

Abstract:

The Sfp-type 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase Ppt1 is required for activation of nonribosomal peptide synthetases, including α-aminoadipate reductase (AAR) for lysine biosynthesis and polyketide synthases, enzymes that biosynthesize peptide and polyketide secondary metabolites, respectively. Deletion of the PPT1 gene, from the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus and the rice pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus, yielded strains that were significantly reduced in virulence to their hosts. In addition, ppt1 mutants of C. heterostrophus race T and Cochliobolus victoriae were unable to biosynthesize the host-selective toxins (HST) T-toxin and victorin, respectively, as judged by bioassays. Interestingly, ppt1 mutants of C. miyabeanus were shown to produce tenfold higher levels of the sesterterpene-type non-HST ophiobolin A, as compared with the wild-type strain. The ppt1 strains of all species were also reduced in tolerance to oxidative stress and iron depletion; both phenotypes are associated with inability to produce extracellular siderophores biosynthesized by the nonribosomal peptide synthetase Nps6. Colony surfaces were hydrophilic, a trait previously associated with absence of C. heterostrophus Nps4. Mutants were decreased in asexual sporulation and C. heterostrophus strains were female-sterile in sexual crosses; the latter phenotype was observed previously with mutants lacking Nps2, which produces an intracellular siderophore. As expected, mutants were albino, since they cannot produce the polyketide melanin and were auxotrophic for lysine because they lack an AAR.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Webb, Caroline. "‘I’ll be judge, I’ll be jury’: ‘Tail’-Telling, Imperialism and the Other in Alice in Wonderland." Papers: Explorations into Children's Literature 20, no. 2 (July 1, 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/pecl2010vol20no2art1142.

Full text

Abstract:

The review and analysis of Lewis Carroll's Alice - both 'Alice in Wonderland' and 'Through the Looking-Glass' are discussed. Alice portrays a child immersed in Victorian cultural perceptions of race and in contemporary English attitudes to the Other.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Armstrong, Alice. "Evidence in Rape Cases in Four Southern African Countries." Journal of African Law 33, no. 2 (1989): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300008111.

Full text

Abstract:

Evidentiary rules applicable to rape and other sexual offence cases, inherited from nineteenth-century England and based on Victorian notions of women's behaviour, are alive and well in twentieth-century southern Africa. These are the cautionary rules which require a trial judge to warn him or herself of the danger of convicting a rape accused without corroboration, or independent evidence supporting the testimony of the complainant. These rules are applied because the evidence of the complainant in a sexual case is considered to be “suspect”: she is variously said to be prone to lie for reasons of her own, prone to fantasy, and prone to exaggerate. Although the cautionary rule of corroboration is still applied in many countries, most progressive and feminist thinkers consider them to be “a lingering insult to women”. In this article I will canvass the cautionary rules on evidence in sexual cases in southern Africa and attempt to show that they are not only based on outmoded stereotypes, but are also particularly unsuitable to southern Africa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Jones, Aled. "Culture, ‘Race’ and the Missionary Public in Mid-Victorian Wales." Journal of Victorian Culture 10, no. 2 (January 2005): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jvc.2005.10.2.157.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!