Dissertations / Theses: 'Rape victims Victoria Psychology'

1

Emm, Deborah L. "Coping with victimization : the short- and long-term impact of rape upon survivors /." Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1244219084.

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Weiner, Rachel H. "Perceptions of Rape Victims: Rape, Pregnancy, and Abortion in Akin's 'Legitimate' America." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/197.

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The consequences of rape can be both psychologically and physically damaging to the victim. Unfortunately, it is all too frequently the case that attitudes against the victim in the form of acceptance of rape myths and other forms of victim-blaming serve merely to perpetuate these psychological consequences. This study looks at both the theoretical feminist and psychoanalytic perspectives that lay the groundwork for the foundations of Western culture’s inability to understand and empathize the female bodily condition in terms of rape and pregnancy, and the psychological effects that contribute to juror perceptions of rape victims and attitudes towards abortion. A study was run comparing a control trial transcript of a rape case, a transcript where the victim became pregnant, and one where she had an abortion as a result of her pregnancy, against responses to questions of rapist and victim-blame and empathy. The results were scattered, but overall there were significant differences in jurors perceptions of the rape, the victim, and the rapist that fluctuated as a result of pregnancy or abortion being admitted into evidence.

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3

Barnard, Sarah. "Police officers' attitudes about rape victims." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1569988.

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Police officers are often the first contact a victim of rape has with the criminal justice system and may be the first people to whom rape victims disclose. To examine the extent to which police officers endorse rape myths, this quantitative study assessed their views about rape victims, along with the effects of demographics and experience. The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale--Short Form was administered to 66 patrol officers in Southern California. The officers scored in the mid-range of this scale, which addresses seven different categories of common rape myths, such as "she lied" and "she asked for it." For some rape myths, females and ethnic majority officers indicated less endorsement of rape myths. These findings reveal a need for more in-depth research on police officers. Social workers who work with the victims of rape should advocate for increased education of law enforcement personnel about rape and its victims.

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Bhuptani, Prachi H. Bhuptani. "Role Of Blame And Rape-related Shame In Distress Among Rape Victims." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1594216779951269.

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5

White, Sandra Shardlow. "The Mediating Influence of Homophobia on Male Rape Victims." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1236.pdf.

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Bhuptani, Prachi H. Bhuptani. "A Roadmap to Depression among Rape Victims: Rape-Related Shame, Rumination, Experiential Avoidance, and Revictimization." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1496089957400285.

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7

Paris, Kristina Nicole. "Effective Coping Interventions for Victims of Rape and Sexual Coercion." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/354.

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Rape and non-consented sexual activities among women is increasing. Although very few perpetrators are a stranger to the victims, a large percentage of them are known. For example, relatives, family members, family friends, and neighbors. This study focuses on individuals who provide services to victims that were sexually assaulted. It also focuses on coping interventions that are found to be effective in the stabilization process. Sexual Assault Crisis Counselors and Marriage and Family Therapist Interns (MFTI’s) were interviewed in order to collect data for this study. An interview guide was given to assist with guiding the recorded interview. Completing the interviews allowed the researcher to analyze the data. The researcher and a supervising faculty adviser determined which interventions were most effective when helping women cope with sexual assault.

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Ward, Colleen, Betty Newlon, Barbara Krahé, Kathleen Myambo, Monica Payne, Yildiz Tastaban, Sahika Yuksel, et al. "The attitudes toward rape victims scale : psychometric data from 14 countries." Universität Potsdam, 1992. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3449/.

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Content: Synopsis The Attitudes toward Rape Victims Scale: Psychometric Data from 14 Countries Scale Construction and Validation - Study One: Preliminary Analyses - Study Two: Test-Retest Reliability - Study Three: Construct Validity Cross-cultural Extensions - United States - United Kingdom - Germany - New Zealand - Canada - West Indies - Israel - Turkey - India - Hong Kong - Malaysia - Zimbabwe - Mexico - Metric Equivalence Discussion

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9

Whyle, Susan Lynn. "Countertransference in rape counselling." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002594.

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The study examined rape counselling, with particular emphasis on countertransference reactions experienced by the counsellors of rape survivors. Four subjects participated in semi-focused, open-ended interviews, which were taped and transcribed verbatim. The phenomenon of countertransference was discussed, and countertransference reactions identified and examined. The management of empathic strain, in order to sustain empathic inquiry and therapeutic efficacy, was discussed. The main results of the study included the identification of common victim themes, and the feelings evoked in the counsellor in the therapeutic relationship. These included feelings of anger, hopelessness, helplessness and sadness, particularly in the counselling of children, who may be HIV positive as a result of the attack, and victims of chronic abuse. Challenges of rape counselling included shortcomings in the system, and rape myths which trivialize the crime and blame the victim. The need for education and enlightenment of both the public and magistrates on the deleterious effects of rape was emphasized by all subjects.

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Barab, Alexis. "The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Sympathizing with Rape Victims." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/296.

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This study examined the relationships among participants’ emotional intelligence and participants’ sympathy for an alleged rape victim[1], sympathy for a defendant, and verdict in a mock rape case. Participants were 219 (127 female, 92 male) United States jury eligible individuals between the ages of 18 and 66. Participants were given a rape trial summary accompanied by a manipulated emotional facial expression of the alleged rape victim (angry, sad, afraid, or neutral), or no photograph. Participants were asked to render an individual case verdict and complete a questionnaire with measures to test sympathy for the alleged rape victim, sympathy for the defendant, self-emotional intelligence, other-emotional intelligence, and rape-myth acceptance. Results provided evidence that self and other-emotional intelligences are positively correlated; sympathy for rape victim and sympathy for the defendant do have an effect on case verdict; and, participant characteristics including gender, age, and race are predictive of rape myth acceptance, sympathy for the defendant, sympathy for the victim, and emotional intelligence. Further research should expand on emotional intelligence as a juror characteristic in the United States as well as internationally. [1] The term rape victim, rather than rape survivor, is used in this study to refer to an individual’s victim status in the context of the legal system.

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Chiu, Lai-suen. "A study on the coping strategies of the acquaintance rape survivors in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31979282.

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Krahé, Barbara. "Victim and observer characteristics as determinants of responsibility attributions to victims of rape." Universität Potsdam, 1988. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3383/.

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Two field studies were conducted lo investigate the influence of observer and victim characteristics on attributions of victim and assailant responsibility in a rape case. In the first study, male and female subjects completed a measure of rape myth acceptance and were presented with a rape account after which they were asked to attribute responsibility to victim and assailant. In the second study, a new sample was asked to attribute responsibility to victim and assailant on the basis of one of two rape accounts in which victim's pre-rape behavior was manipulated. Results showed that both rape myth acceptance and victims' pre-rape behavior in influenced the degree of responsibility attributed to victims and assailants. No significant effects of subject gender were found. A more complex conceptualization is suggested of the link between observer and victim characteristics in social reactions to and evaluations of rape victims.

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Pashdag, Joanna A. "Sexual Assault Survivors' Narratives and Prediction of Revictimization." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1103229596.

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Barbant, Chantal. "L'impact du sens donné à la vie sur le rétablissement de quatre femmes victimes de viol." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78179.

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We have conducted a phenomenological research with four women victims of rape in order to discover the impact of the elements which give meaning to their lives, on their recovery. The results of our research demonstrate that overall the elements of the meaning of life have been beneficial for women's recovery. The elements that were identified are the importance of children, the philosophy of life, the goals to achieve, the significant relationships, the financial autonomy and helping others. Those elements have been identified in two previous researches. However two new elements appeared which are the attachment to their job and the development of their skills analysis. Our theoretical framework appeals to social work, sociology, psychology, psychiatry and philosophy. Our vision is feminist.

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Hockett, Jericho M. "“Rape victims” versus “rape survivors”: oppression and resistance in individuals’ perceptions of women who have been raped." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16525.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Psychological Sciences
Donald A. Saucier
An overview discusses rape in terms of two systems of social power: oppression and resistance. Components of these systems—i.e., individuals’ rape-related attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors, and outcomes—are compared in the literatures on “rape victims” and “rape survivors” (Hockett & Saucier, under review), suggesting that different results and conclusions are associated with different labels applied to the same group (i.e., women who have been raped). Three studies assessed differences in individuals’ rape-related perceptions (Study 1), intergroup helping intentions (Study 2), and interpersonal helping intentions (Study 3) for “rape victims,” “rape survivors,” and “women who have been raped.” Extending feminist and social psychological theories of social power, results generally supported my hypotheses that such labels would produce different perceptions and helping intentions. The discussion addresses implications for theory, limitations, and directions for future research.

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Du, Plessis Nina. "Women's experiences of reporting rape to the police : a qualitative study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21614.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The issue of rape in South Africa has been widely documented and debated in the form of academic, legal, governmental and media reports. The statistics that inform us both of the incidence of rape and the number of women who report rape to the police have been vehemently contested. Secondary victimization of rape survivors by police, medical and legal officials, has been reported internationally in studies conducted in the United Kingdom, the United States and South Africa. The present study explored 16 women’s experiences of reporting rape to the police in historically disadvantaged communities. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were aimed at eliciting information about the nature of their experiences with the police and how their complaints were responded to and dealt with by police personnel. Six categories and 18 themes emerged out of a grounded theory analysis performed on the data. All of the participants were reportedly dissatisfied with the manner in which they were treated or the way in which their cases were handled by the South African Police Service (SAPS). The results implied the existence of rape myths in police official’s attitudes towards rape survivors, and the need to create awareness around the rights of rape survivors who report rape to the police, as well as to educate police officers with regards to the sensitivity of the issue of rape. Keywords: rape myths; secondary victimization; police; survivors; criminal justice system; feminism; gender relations; rape in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderwerp van verkragting in Suid-Afrika is deuglik debateer en dokumenteer deur middel van akademiese, wetlike, regeering en media verslagte. Die statistieke wat ons in kennis stel van die aantal insidente van verkragtings en die aantal vrouens wat verkragting reporteer is gedurig in ‘n vurige en teenstrydige toestand. Sekondêre viktimisering van verkragting oorlewendes deur die polisie, mediese en wetlike amptenare, is geraporteer op internasionale vlak in studies wat gedoen is in die Verenigde Koningkryk, die Verenigde State en Suid-Afrika. Hierdie studie dek die ervarings van 16 vrouens, vanuit historiese agtergeblewe gemeenskappe, se raportering van verkragting aan die polisie. Kwalitatiewe semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is gemik daarop om inligting tot die lig te bring oor die natuur van hul ervaringe met die polisie, hoe daar op hul aanklagte reaggeer is en hoe die polisie dit hanteer het. Ses katogorieë en 18 temas was die resultaat vanuit ‘n gegronde teorie analisie wat gedoen is op die data. Al die vrouens was ongelukkig met die manier waarop hul beweerde behandeling, of oor hul sake hanteer was deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie Diens (SAPD). Die resultate het gewys op die bestaan van verkragtingsmites in polisie amptenare se houding teenoor die verkragting oorlewendes, en die behoefte om ‘n bewustheid te skep oor die regte van verkraging oorlewendes wat verkragting raporteer aan die polisie, as ook om polisie offisiere te onderrig ten opsigte van sensitiwiteit teenoor die saak van verkragting. Sleutelwoorde: verkragtingsmites; sekondêre viktimisasie; polisie; oorlewendes; kriminele justisie sisteem; feminisme; geslagsverhoudings; verkragting in Suid- Afrika.

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Chiu, Lai-suen, and 趙麗璇. "A study on the coping strategies of the acquaintance rape survivors inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979282.

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18

Sombke, Chad. "Lack of Control as a Predictive Factor for Stress-related Symptoms in Rape Victims." DigitalCommons@USU, 1993. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6057.

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Researchers have agreed that most rape victims vii experience stress-related symptoms similar to post-traumatic stress disorder. There have also been numerous studies that have tried to predict the severity of those stress-related symptoms, but the literature is inconclusive. Lack of perceived control is consistently mentioned in the rape research literature as being present in rape victims, but no study has empirically examined the relationship between perceived control and a rape victim's stress-related symptoms. The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the relationship between perceived control and stress-related symptoms in rape victims. This was accomplished by comparing a group of 33 subjects who reported being victims of rape with a group of 50 subjects who did not report being victims of rape. Mean stress-related symptom scores were correlated with perceived control scores; also, factors, including group membership and the time elapsed since a rape, were regressed onto the subjects' stress-related symptom scores. The correlations between stress-related symptoms and perceived control in the rape victim group were statistically significant, but the relationship was not present for the nonvictim group. Also, nonsignificant results were obtained for joint effects between perceived control and group membership, along with perceived control and time since a victim had been raped. The results suggest that low perceived control is a good predictor for elevated stress-related symptoms. Further research may clarify the relationship between perceived control and stress-related symptoms in rape victims.

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Randa, Carrie D. "Attributions, coping, self-blame and emotional status in victims of rape and domestic violence /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/randac/carrieranda.html.

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Gwynn, Stacy Roddy. "Adult Attachment and Posttraumatic Growth in Sexual Assault Survivors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9100/.

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Posttraumatic growth, defined as positive psychological changes in the aftermath of adversity and suffering, is a relatively recent focus in psychological research. The addition of this concept to the literature has provided a new, more resiliency-based framework through which to view survivors of various forms of trauma. Despite estimates that over half of all sexual assaults are not reported to the authorities, current crime statistics indicate that 1 in 4 women are sexually assaulted in their lifetime (Campbell & Wasco, 2005). Given the large percentage of the population that is impacted by sexual assault, it is essential that professionals better understand the factors that influence the successful healing and growth that can occur post-trauma. The purpose of this study was to further expand the literature on posttraumatic growth in sexual assault survivors by considering this phenomenon through the lens of attachment theory. Specifically, this study tested a proposed model of the inter-relationships among subjective and objective perceptions of threat during the sexual assault, adult romantic attachment, and posttraumatic growth. It was hypothesized that adult romantic attachment and parent-child attachment would mediate the relationship between subjective, or perceived threat, defined as the victim's perception of life threat, and objective threat, defined as the severity of the sexually aggressive act perpetrated on the victim, and posttraumatic growth. Finally, it was hypothesized that subjective threat appraisal would better predict posttraumatic growth than objective threat appraisal. Contrary to hypotheses, results of the study indicated that adult romantic attachment and parent-child attachment did not mediate the relationship between subjective and objective threat appraisal and posttraumatic growth. Thus, both path analytic models were not viable. However, exploratory analysis indicated that both subjective and objective threat appraisal were directly related to posttraumatic growth, with subjective perceived threat appraisal accounting for more of the variance.

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Ovaert, Lynda B. "Differences between Acknowledged and Unacknowledged Rape: Occurrence of PTSD." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278638/.

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This study examined the relation between level of rape acknowledgement and levels of PTSD symptoms reported in female college students. Subjects were administered the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES), the PTSD Interview, and a demographics questionnaire. Subjects were then grouped into the following categories based on their responses to the SES: reported rape victims, acknowledged rape victims, unacknowledged rape victims, and a control group of non-rape subjects. Small sample analyses did not reveal the expected linear relation between the two variables. Only the acknowledged group showed greater PTSD symptoms. The unacknowledged and control groups did not significantly differ on overall PTSD symptom severity, or on any cluster of PTSD symptoms. Naturalistic selection factors are discussed that could have affected the outcome of the study.

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22

Orchowski, Lindsay M. "Disclosure of Sexual Victimization: A Prospective Study of Social Reactions and Subsequent Adjustment." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1242065168.

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23

Hockett, Jericho M. "An umbrella of dominance? An examination of oppressive beliefs in the context of rape." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1644.

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Master of Science
Department of Psychology
Donald A. Saucier
Research has demonstrated that negative perceptions of rape victims may vary based on characteristics such as the victims’ race (e.g., Estrich, 1987; Wyatt, 1992). This study examined rape from feminist (e.g., Collins, 1991; hooks, 2003) and Social Dominance Theory (SDT; e.g., Pratto, 1996; Sidanius, 1993) perspectives to assess the relationship between individuals’ social dominance orientation (SDO) and differences in their attitudes toward rape victims of differing races. After reading newspaper-style vignettes describing the rape of either a White or Black victim, participants (N = 83) completed measures assessing their levels of rape myth acceptance (RMA), gender role beliefs, SDO, racism, and social desirability. Results indicated that participants’ SDO scores significantly predicted their perceptions of the triviality of the rape. Specifically, when participants’ SDO scores were higher, they perceived the rape as less trivial for White victims. However, participants higher in SDO did not perceive the rape of Black victims as being either more or less trivial. Consistent with previous research, this study also found that negative attitudes toward women significantly predicted overall negative perceptions of both the Black and White rape victims (e.g., Hockett, Saucier, Hoffman, Smith, & Craig, in press) and that individuals perceived the Black rape victims as less credible than the White rape victims (Wyatt, 1992). These results contribute to our understanding of the relationships among individuals’ attitudes about power, race, and rape by offering support for feminist theories about the relationship between rape and power, as well as for SDT and feminist theories regarding the structure of dominance.

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Hurst-McCaleb, Dawn. "Mock Juror Effects of Blame and Conviction in Rape Cases: Do Attitudes, Beliefs, and Contact with Homosexuals Matter?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849652/.

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The current case involves a female rape victim. Research has shown the level of victim blaming can be elevated if the victim is a lesbian woman compared to a heterosexual woman. Mock jurors’ responses to personality trait questionnaires (e.g., Belief in a Just World, Attitudes Toward Women, Attitudes Toward Lesbians) and amount of contact they have with homosexual people were employed as predictors of how they would decide victim blaming and perpetrator guilt. Personality trait findings were not good predictors; however, greater contact with homosexuals did decrease negative attitudes toward lesbian victims. Limitations and implications for future research are addressed.

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Downing, Brenda. "Feeling the fleshed body: The aftermath of childhood rape [thesis]." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1413.

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The point of propulsion for this research is my raped and censured body with its somatic aftermath narrative. This doctoral research project is a feminist and creative investigation that sought to uncover and articulate the long term somatic impacts of childhood rape as they manifest in the adult female body. I employed a multi-modal, complementary, and embodied methodology using a combination of autoethnography, somatic inquiry, writing-as-inquiry, and performance-making-as inquiry. In addition to my autoethnographic explorations, I gathered information from other women raped in childhood, as well as information from women’s healthcare professionals. Drawing on the autoethnographic and participant information gathered, theoretical connections were made between lived subjective experience and contemporary feminist scholarship surrounding sexual violence and its aftermath, the raped material body as a site of articulation, the raped material body as a source of knowledge, and the raped material body as a site of resistance. The major component of the project was my autoethnographic engagement with and reflection on the somatic manifestations of rape trauma. This exploration, using a process I call somatic inquiry, involved a three and a half year immersion in the body-based, therapeutic and educative practice of Body-Mind Centering®. This method of inquiry was pivotal to the development of my understandings. An additional outcome of the project was the performance work, aperture. Made in collaboration with Alice Cummins, this creative piece emerged from my autoethnographic somatic inquiry research to sit alongside the body of the doctoral work as a companion to the thesis. I performed aperture to an invited audience in September, 2012 at The Chapel Space in Perth, Western Australia. Although the performance itself was not for examination, the process of making the performance was a crucial element of my research methodology. Writing and performance-making are the modes I have used to communicate my knowledge-making process. By embedding my research within a creative paradigm, I have challenged more traditional forms of social science knowledge production and dissemination whilst also honouring the ontological, epistemological, and transformational potentialities of subjective, embodied, and performative research The most crucial understanding to emerge from my research is that all rape begins with the body. My research has exposed the myriad and complex ramifications of rape trauma and has detailed how these ramifications extend well beyond the event itself. My research has also uncovered the ways the multiple manifestations of childhood rape trauma reveal themselves through the body in defiance of the sociocultural and familial silencing that so often accompanies disclosure, and in resistance to dominant discursive and psychological constructions of the aftermath of rape. My focus on articulating the body’s capacity to register and store trauma has significant implications for the treatment of and responses to the victims of childhood rape.

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Hochberg, Amy Rebecca. "Uncovering oppression within the anti-rape movement the role of race in the reporting experiences of adult Black female rape survivors : a project based upon an independent investigation /." Click here for text online. Smith College School for Social Work website, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/982.

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Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007
Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-83).

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Hellmann, Bryan Dov. "A social constructionist exploration of male law enforcement officers' attitudes towards male rape." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05282008-125949.

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Stephanus, Farahdiba. "The relationship between sex role orientation and rape victim blame among police officers in the Cape Peninsula." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2651_1183730387.

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Despite community policing interventions, rape incidence in South Africa reflects a consistent increase over the past decade. Victim blame continues to be a pervasive aspect of this trauma - where society blames the victim more than the perpetrator for the rape. In unpacking the complexities of victim blame, research has identified sex role orientation of the observer as an important variable. Given that the polic service is often the first contact a rape victim has with the criminal justice system, this study investigated how sex role orientation impacts on rape victim blame in a sample of police officers.

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Miller, Audrey K. "Explanations and Blame Following Unwanted Sex: A Multi-Method Investigation." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1127421605.

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Reck, Jennifer K. "Males' Support Toward Females After Sexual Assault." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3625/.

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The current study explored the relations among rape myths, attitudes toward rape victims, perceived social support, sex role, and social reactions in a male undergraduate sample (N = 205). Males who have provided support to a sexual assault victim were compared to those who have not provided support to a sexual assault victim on several measures. Social reactions of those who have provided support to a sexual assault victim were compared to hypothetical reactions provided by individuals who have not previously provided support. Results indicated that rape related attitudes and beliefs did not differ between those who have and have not provided support to a sexual assault victim. In addition, individuals who were responding to a hypothetical situation reported that they would provide more positive social support than individuals who were responding to an actual situation. Implications for clinical work and future research in this area are discussed.

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Cox, Michelle, and shelleyjcox@hotmail com. "Attentional bias effects following trauma exposure comparison of emotional Stroop and emotional lexical decision task paradigms." Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20051130.132059.

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Attentional bias effects for threat and emotional words were investigated, using both the emotional Stroop and emotional lexical decision paradigms. Twenty-eight controls and twenty-eight survivors of sexual assault participated in this study, which comprised three key comparisons. First, key predictions of the threat and emotionality hypotheses were compared, in particular specific and general threat effects, and positive and negative emotionality effects. Second, two separate group comparisons were conducted, specifically controls versus survivors of sexual assault overall, and a matched subset of controls versus PTSD positive survivors of sexual assault versus PTSD negative survivors of sexual assault. Third, performance on the emotional Stroop task and emotional lexical decision task paradigms were compared directly. Slowed colour naming responses (i.e. interference) were observed for both threat effects and emotionality effects in the emotional Stroop task. For the emotional lexical decision task, slowed lexical decisions (i.e. interference) were observed for threat effects, whereas speeded lexical decisions (i.e. facilitation) were observed for emotionality effects. The findings of the current study indicate that threat and emotionality effects may co-exist in both control and survivor populations. The relationship between the presence or absence of PTSD symptoms and threat and emotionality effects requires further investigation with larger sample sizes. There may be a relationship between the presence of PTSD symptoms and specific threat effects, however the findings of the current study for general threat information were inconclusive. No relationship was evident between the presence of absence of PTSD symptoms and positive or negative emotionality effects. The current findings suggest that the emotional Stroop task may be better suited to quantifying threat effects but not emotionality effects, whereas the emotional lexical decision task appears to be able to quantify both threat and emotionality effects.

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Mauldin, Anne Luther. "Vicarious traumatization among sexual assualt hotline workers." Full text available online (restricted access), 2001. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/mauldin.pdf.

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Stines, Lisa R. "How childhood abuse impacts risk for HIV the mediational role of PTSD and adult sexual assault /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1122317261.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2005.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Sept. 12, 2006). Advisor: Stevan E. Hobfoll. Keywords: child abuse; HIV; sexual risk; high-risk behaviors; PTSD; sexual assault; rape. Includes survey instrument. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-47).

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Pepper, Sarah E. "Self Blame in Sexual Assault Survivors and Attributions to Other Sexual Assault Survivors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12181/.

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Previous research indicates that survivors of sexual assault often blame themselves for the assault. Research has also shown that people blame the perpetrator in some situations and the survivor in other situations involving sexual assault. The purpose of this study was to discover if survivors of sexual assault who blame themselves tend to blame other survivors (survivor blame) in situations different from their own. Another purpose was to assess whether or not sexual assault survivors who do not blame themselves for their attack tend to blame other survivors. The participants' attributional style was also assessed in order to understand the relations between self-blame and survivor blame in situations involving sexual assault. Findings indicated that certain types of attributional style are related to self-blame in sexual assault survivors and blame toward sexual assault survivors depicted in vignettes. This indicates that attributional style may have important implications in the clinical setting to aid sexual assault survivors who experience self-blame, as well in educating society about sexual assault and the ultimate responsibility of perpetrators.

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Baldwin, Carol L. (Carol Louise). "Dissociation and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Women Who Have Experienced Trauma and Sexual Assault." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332592/.

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The relation between dissociative symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was investigated in women who had experienced trauma or sexual assault. Subjects were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), the Sexual Experiences Scale (SES), and the PTSD Interview (PTSD-I). Subjects were grouped according to their scores on the SES and the PTSD-I. Analysis of variance revealed a relation between DES scores and PTSD symptom severity scores. Correlational analyses showed a relation between dissociative symptoms and PTSD symptom severity but not recency of trauma. Three factors from a previously published factor analysis of the DES were found to contribute to the DES scores of PTSD subjects.

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Persson, Matilda, and Liam Rydén. ""TS är man och män kan inte våldtas utav en kvinna" : En diskurspsykologisk analys om konstruktioner av manliga offer för sexuella övergrepp på internetforum." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Kriminologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36544.

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Den här uppsatsen har behandlat diskurser på internetforumen Flashback Forum och Familjeliv kring mäns utsatthet för sexuella övergrepp. Syftet var att undersöka hur män som offer för sexuella övergrepp beskrev sina upplevelser av utsatthet samt analysera hur dessa utsagor bemöttes. Genom att dolt studera diskussionstrådar på internetforumen kunde olika diskurser som forumanvändarna använde identifieras. Dessa diskurser analyserades utifrån våldtäktsmyter, hegemonisk maskulinitet och teorin om ideala offer. Resultatet visade hur manliga offer konstruerade sig på olika sätt; de kunde erkänna händelsen men inte offerskapet, sätta sig i förhållande till förövaren eller jämföra med kvinnliga offer. De som bemötte männen uttryckte framförallt olika våldtäktsmyter där den vanligaste myten var att män inte kunde våldtas till skillnad från kvinnor. Att både offren själva och övriga användare jämförde offerskapet med kvinnliga offer tydde på en föreställning om att kvinnor blir tagna på allvar som offer, trots alla exempel på motsatsen.
This study has examined discourses on the internet forums Familjeliv and Flashback, about male victims of sexual assault. The purpose was to examine how male victims described their experiences of victimization and analyze how their stories were responded to. Through a hidden observation on internet forums we could identify different discourses that were used. These discourses were analyzed with different rape myths, hegemonic masculinity and theory of ideal victim. The study showed how male victims constructed themselves in different ways; some admitted to the event but not their victimhood, others compared their victimization with female victims. The users that answered the victims mostly expressed rape myths, the most common were that men can’t be raped unlike women. That both victims themselves and other users compared the victimization with female victims suggests a conception that women always get a legitimate status as a victim, despite all the examples of the contrary.

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Probst, Danielle R. "An Exploration of the Long-Term Effects of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence on Adult Functioning: A Focus on the Impact on Adulthood Victimization in College Women." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1194392732.

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Zerubavel, Noga. "Barriers to Sexual Assertiveness in College Women: A Focus on Fear of Sexual Powerlessness and Emotion Dysregulation." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1272898156.

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Cohen, Lawrence J. 1958. "Coping with traumatic events : a theoretical model and a study of recovery from rape." Phd diss., 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/13561.

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The study of coping with stress has been disjointed, lacking a coherent model. The present work proposes a theoretical framework for understanding coping based on approach and avoidance. Approach and avoidance are discussed in terms of the psychoanalytic concepts of defense and working through and other historical precursors as well as recent research on coping with traumatic events. Two experiments are presented. The first consists of a scale-construction study of the Cohen Roth Approach Avoidance Scale, a self- report measure of coping strategies. A revised version of this scale is proposed based on factor-analytic data from a mixed-stress sample. Experiment 2 is a study of the long-term impact of rape. Seventy-three women, who were victims of rape an average of eight years ago, were given questionnaires covering the following areas: demographics, nature of the assault, coping styles, and current level of functioning. Most of the sample was found to still be in moderate to severe distress. The relationships between outcome and demographics, situational variables, and behavior after the assault are discussed in the context of prior research in this area. Approach and avoidance strategies, measured by the revised Cohen Roth Approach Avoidance Scale, had a complex relationship with outcome. This relationship is discussed in the context of the theoretical model of coping presented in the Introduction, focusing on the difficulty women have in resolving the trauma of rape.
This thesis was digitized as part of a project begun in 2014 to increase the number of Duke psychology theses available online. The digitization project was spearheaded by Ciara Healy.

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Khuzwayo, Nelisiwe. "An in-depth investigation of the experience of sexual assault and factors that determine non-adherence to post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after sexual assault in a sample of raped women survivors attending a public health clinic in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/490.

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Ndlovu, Jabulile Charity. "Child rape victims experiences in the aftermath of disclosure." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10367.

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This study was undertaken to explore children's experiences in the aftermath of rape disclosure. A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was conducted at a Durban Treatment Centre. Clinical interviews were conducted with 20 rape survivors by a Psychologist in the participants' language, namely isiZulu or isiXhosa. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Most children disclosed their rape initially to their mothers and received supportive reactions from their mothers and family as well as from the community in general. The data revealed some key points which highlighted the type of support received by children in the aftermath of rape disclosure. It seems as though the children received largely supportive reactions from mothers, families and the community. However, children described their experiences with the police, social worker or other helping professions as being mostly negative. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for policy and practice.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008

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Katsidzira, Audrey. "The lived experience of shame in the context of acquaintance rape." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11817.

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M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
Despite similarities, shame is expressed differently among individuals. The aim of this study is to explore the lived experience of shame in two female victims of acquaintance rape. Using the tenets of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), a case study approach was adopted. The findings revealed how the female victims' relationship with the known assailants influenced the experience of shame. Moreover, encountering acquaintance rape twice had implications for how shame was experienced. For instance, intense self-blame and the belief in being inherently flawed was evident. Of equal importance, in both women, anger manifested primarily as indignation. Furthermore, shame manifested primarily as feeling dirty and having elements of moral impurity. However, shame did not affect the self-identity of one of the participants; instead she displayed resistance to the notion of shame affecting her global self. Thus, the study concluded that despite similarities in some features, the manifestation of shame in the context of acquaintance rape is different from in other contexts. These findings have implications for future research and clinical practice. Ultimately, this study adds to the discourse on shame in women in the context of acquaintance rape in South Africa. Moreover, it provides a theoretical framework that enables the therapist or healthcare worker to intervene with clients in such a context.

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"Patterns of rape in Pietermaritzburg." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2556.

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The study investigates the profile of rape in Pietermaritzburg and surrounding area. The data were generated by retrospective review of 691 rape survivors' records from October 2002 to December 2004. Numerous variables were analyzed using frequencies, chi-square and multiple regression. Patterns that emerged from the data help to describe rape as recorded by staff at the local Rape Crisis Centre where the administration of anti-retroviral and Postexposure Prophylaxis medication following rape is monitored. The mv status of the survivors was analyzed and incidence found to be comparable to UNAIDS (2006) statistics. Many patterns were identified in the data. For example, survivor age was associated with other variables including; race of the perpetrator, day of the week, type of violence used, location and relationship between survivor and perpetrator. Furthermore, relationship to perpetrator was found to impact on time delay before reporting, location and number of perpetrators.
Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

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Nkabinde, Brenda Nozipho. "The experiences of caregivers whose children disclose child rape." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/783.

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Hinkle, Carol. "An analysis of coping strategies and depression in sexual assault victims a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... Master of Science (Community Health Nursing) /." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68795207.html.

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Latif, Suhaila. ""Deaf ears and closed minds : do you hear the child's voice?" : exploring disclosures from the perspective of child rape victims." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/232.

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Despite recent increases in public, media and research concern with the issue of child rape, not much is known about the disclosure of this phenomenon. This study focused on exploring disclosure from the perspective of child rape victims (i.e., elucidating the subjective meaning of disclosure for children, as well as exploring the circumstances, and factors that facilitate or hinder disclosure). The sampling frame included 16 cases of child rape (12 girls and 4 boys) in the age range 5-17 years old, with 12 years being the average age of the children. The process of thematic analysis revealed three broad thematic areas, as well as a number of dominant and sub-themes. The first broad thematic area, Pre-Disclosure, provides insight into the intrapersonal process children undergo in the aftermath of rape; the children's thoughts and anxieties in coming to understand that they have been raped; and the decision-making process they underwent prior to disclosing their rape experience(s). The second thematic area, Disclosure, provides insight into the children's lived experiences of disclosing their rape and of the disclosure process. At this point in the disclosure process, disclosure is not only experienced at the intrapersonal level, but is experienced in relation to others (interpersonal level). Lastly, Post-Disclosure, provides insight into the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intergroup/ institutional influences in the aftermath of disclosure that play a role in the child's feelings about having disclosed, their evaluation if disclosing was worthwhile, and their decision to engage in subsequent disclosures (i.e., to keep telling). The present study indicated that disclosure can best be conceptualised using the 'Tipping the Balance' model (London Family Court Clinic, 1995). This theoretical model employs a scale as a metaphor for the competing influences on a child who is sexually victimised, and proposes that a fragile balancing act precedes the decision to disclose (London Family Court Clinic, 1995). Such a decision is affected by competing pressures (intrapersonal, interpersonal and intergroup/ institutional), and by what the present study has identified as facilitators and inhibitors. In each child's case, the balance must tip so that the facilitators and perceived benefits outweigh the influence of the many factors which can inhibit disclosure (London Family Court Clinic, 1995). In addition, the decision to use the ecosystemic theory as a conceptual framework for the present research proved to be of heuristic value as it recognises the multiple levels of influence (intrapersonal, interpersonal, inter-group/institutional) that have an effect on the child.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.

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Pillay, Prashika. "The relationship between rape survivors' levels of distress, health profile, ways of coping and measures of the immune system." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3067.

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This research aims to investigatethe relationship between rape survivors levels of distress, coping style, health profile and immune system. Psychoneuroimmunology, an interdisciplinary field of study, is employed as a framework to understand the relationship between the levels of distress, coping style, health profile and the immune system A sample of 36 rape survivors was initially recruited for this study. However data collected from a sample of 12 female rape survivors was selected for this research. These participants completed questionnaires measuring levels of distress, impact of the event, recent life changes and health profile at time 1 (5 days post rape), time 2 (15 days post rape) and time 3 (35 days post rape) . the immunological measures included CD 3, CD 4, CD 8, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, white cell count, platelets and mv(time 1 only). The results revealed significant relationships between levels of distress and immune parameters; health profile and immune parameters; ways of coping and immune parameters and levels of distress and immune parameters. Significant differences were obtained for CD 4 5 (p= 0.039) between time 1 and time 2, as well as between time 2 and time 3. A significant difference (p = 0.039) was noted for platelets between time 2 and time 3. The levels of distress were raised at time 2. Observation ofeach participant revealed no dramatic changes across time 1, 2 and 3. When a person is subjected to rape, heightened levels of distress are experienced 15 days post rape. Rape survivors experience changes in the levels of distress , health profile, ways of coping and immune parameters over a 35 days post rape period.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.

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Vazquez, Roshnee. "Examining the relationship between gender roles and attitudes towards rape victims among Latino/as in the United States." Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8FB591K.

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The present study aimed to examine factors influencing attitudes towards rape victims among a sample of Latinos (N=312) and Latinas (N=427). The predictive role of gender role attitudes was the overarching factor of interest. The study utilized the constructs of machismo/caballerismo and marianismo in efforts to capture the most culturally-relevant understanding and manifestation of gender role attitudes for the population of interest. Machismo/caballerismo and marianismo are largely ignored in empirical research but quite prevalent in Latino theoretical literature. The study also aimed to investigate the applicability of acculturation, a variable commonly included in Latino research but overlooked in rape research. The primary hypotheses tested in the study were whether the gender role attitudes of men and women would predict negative attitudes towards rape victims. It was proposed that higher levels of traditional gender role attitudes (i.e., machismo for males and marianismo for females) would predict higher levels of negative attitudes towards rape victims. Conversely, higher levels of caballerismo (i.e., less traditional male gender role attitudes) would predict lower levels of negative attitudes towards rape victims. Analyses revealed that gender role attitudes did not predict attitudes towards rape victims for either females or males in the sample. Among the female sample, social desirability was the only variable that significantly predicted attitudes towards rape victims. Among the male sample, socioeconomic status was found to be the only significant predictor of attitudes towards rape victims. Secondary hypotheses posited that degree of acculturation would affect the strength of the relationship between gender role attitudes and attitudes towards rape victims. This proposed moderating relationship was not tested as there was no significant relationship between the gender role and attitudes towards rape victims variables.

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Itabor, Lindelani Lynette. "The experiences of help received by children in the aftermath of rape." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1654.

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The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of children who have been raped. It is a known fact that children are raped every day in South Africa, but how the consequences are experienced by the child victims of rape is another matter. Specifically, the researcher wanted to determine whether these children receive the support that is their constitutional right and whether or not they are subjected tc secondary victimization. The sampling strategy employed was purposive sampling. This type of sampling wai selected, as the researcher was looking for a particular type of participant, that is, children who had disclosed rape. The sample consisted of six female children between the ages of 5 and 17years. Participants' parents were consulted for their consent at c counseling centre for abused children in Durban, where participants attended group counseling and individual sessions. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and analyzed usin^ thematic analysis. Unstructured interviews were tape recorded and transcribed. Thesi transcriptions were coded for descriptive themes and were analyzed using thematic conten analysis. The research findings suggest that children have mixed views regarding the quality of the help they receive; some had positive experiences and some had negative experiences. Despite the fact that most participants experienced a sense of being interrogated and had feelings of being not involved during discussions, two participants reported that although rape is an atrocious experience there were positive consequences for them. For example, getting attention from significant people in their lives was one of their positive experiences. It was the experience of the researcher that there is a lack of research pertaining to the experiences of children who are rape victims, especially research focusing on the quality of support that rape victims ought to receive. Further research is recommended to clarify and measure the prevalence of typical feelings and experiences of children who have been raped
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.

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Eadie, Erin MacKenzie. "Investigation of post-traumatic stress symptoms and physical health status in sexual assault survivors." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2301.

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This study investigated links between sexual assault experiences, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and adverse physical health outcomes among adult women. Existing models in which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) mediate the relationship between trauma exposure and physical health outcomes have been established within a variety of trauma populations, but had yet to be specifically tested with the trauma of sexual assault. Through the use of structural equation modelling (SENT), support was found for a model in which posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity partially mediates the association between sexual assault exposure and physical health problems. While PTSS severity served as a partial mediator, it was revealed that depression symptoms did not A multivariate multiple regression was conducted to test whether the three PTSD symptom clusters (i.e., reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms) were differentially related to physical health outcomes, but it was found that no single symptom cluster explained the association between PTSD and adverse physical health outcomes. It was revealed, however. that reexperiencing symptoms and avoidance symptoms had unique associations with health care utilization and health perceptions, respectively. Finally. A unique relationship between sexual assault exposure and reproductive and sexual health problems was revealed, suggesting that this is a particularly important area of health concern among sexual assault survivors.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rape victims Victoria Psychology'

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