Journal articles on the topic 'Rape space'
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Schwartzman, Lisa H. "Defining Rape." Social Philosophy Today 35 (2019): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/socphiltoday201981264.
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Legal definitions of rape traditionally required proof of both force and nonconsent. Acknowledging the difficulty of demonstrating the conjunction of force and nonconsent, many feminists argue that rape should be defined based on one element or the other. Instead of debating which of these two best defines the crime of rape, I argue that this framework is problematic, and that both force and nonconsent must be situated in a critique of social power structures. Catharine MacKinnon provides such a critique, and she reframes rape as a matter of gender inequality. However, rather than rejecting the force/nonconsent dichotomy, MacKinnon focuses exclusively on force, which she thinks can be reconceived to include inequalities. Considering the #MeToo movement and feminist efforts to use Title IX to address campus rape, I argue that the concept of consent is more flexible than MacKinnon suggests and that “affirmative consent” can challenge this liberal model. In requiring active communication, affirmative consent shifts responsibility for rape, opens space for women’s sexual agency, and allows for the transformation of rape culture. Thus, I argue that rape should be defined by the use of force, the lack of affirmative consent, or the presence of both elements.
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Andayani, Trijayanti Putri, and Nurul Hidayat. "The Sexual Negotiation Space of Women in the Marital rape in Jember." Jurnal ENTITAS SOSIOLOGI 8, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jes.v8i2.16651.
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This study focuses on sexual negotiations carried out by women because of the marital rape that their husbands did. Marital rape itself is a form of violence or forced sexual activity of a husband to his wife. Where, in this case, there are women's rights violated. It is based on the dichotomous ideal role of women and men in marriage, which is a manifestation of gender status that has implications for the division and subordination of sexuality to women. The researcher used the theory of feminist existentialism Simone de Beauvoir, to show the position of women as a socio-culture and sexually subordinated people and women's ability to demonstrate their existence through sexual negotiations in marriage. This study used qualitative feminist methods by using in-depth interviews with seven women who experienced problems with marital rape in their marriage. The results of this study are that sexual negotiation is created because of sexual injustice in the form of marital rape experienced by women in their marriages, where the sexual negotiation room is used by women to bargain with their husbands or even themselves. This process of negotiation shows that women can also fight or show their existence in marriage. It means that women do not have to sacrifice their marriage to be able to show their existence. Women can still be the subjects while borrowing the same structure as patriarchy.
Keywords: marital rape, women, sexual negotiations.
Referensi:
Arivia, Gandis. 2013. Subyek yang Dikekang. Jakarta: Komunitas Salihara-Hivos.
Bauvoir, Simone De. 2003. SECOND SEX: Kehidupan Perempuan. Pustaka Promethea
Fakih, Mansour. 2012. Analisis Gender dan Tranformasi Sosial. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar
Foucault, Michel. 1997. Sejarah Seksualitas: Seks Dan Kekuasaan. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama
Gamble, Sarah. 2010. Pengantar Memahami Feminisme dan Postfeminisme. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
Painter, Kate. 1991. Wife Rape in the United Kingdom. A paper presented at the American Society of Criminology. Diakses pada 15 januari 2019 melalui http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/people/academic_research/kate_painter/wiferape.pdf; on.
Marlina, Milda. 2007. Marital rape: Kekerasan Seksual Pada Istri. Yogyakarta : Pustaka pesantren.
Tong, Rosemarie Putnam. 2010. Feminis Thought: Pengantar Paling Kompeherensif Kepada Arus Utama Pemikiran Feminis. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
Hadiwijono, Harun. 2010. Sari Sejarah Filsafat Barat 2. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Woods, Laurie. "Books Review: Rape In Marriage.”. 1983. Laws & Inequality: A Journal Of Theory And Practice (University Of Minnesota Libraries Publishing)
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Lovell, Rachel E., Danielle Sabo, and Rachel Dissell. "Understanding the Geography of Rape through the Integration of Data: Case Study of a Prolific, Mobile Serial Stranger Rapist Identified through Rape Kits." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 6810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116810.
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Environmental criminological research on rape series is an understudied field due largely to deficiencies in official and publicly available data. Additionally, little is known about the spatial patterns of rapists with a large number of stranger rapes. With a unique integration and application of spatial, temporal, behavioral, forensic, investigative, and personal history data, we explore the geography of rape of a prolific, mobile serial stranger rapist identified through initiatives to address thousands of previously untested rape kits in two U.S. urban, neighboring jurisdictions. Rape kit data provide the opportunity for a more complete and comprehensive understanding of stranger rape series by linking crimes that likely never would have been linked if not for the DNA evidence. This study fills a knowledge gap by exploring the spatial offending patterns of extremely prolific serial stranger rapists. Through the lens of routine activities theory, we explore the motivated offender, the lack of capable guardianship (e.g., built environment), and the targeted victims. The findings have important implications for gaining practical and useful insight into rapists’ use of space and behavioral decision-making processes, effective public health interventions and prevention approaches, and urban planning strategies in communities subjected to repeat targeting by violent offenders.
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Crozier, Ivan, and Gethin Rees. "Making a Space for Medical Expertise: Medical Knowledge of Sexual Assault and the Construction of Boundaries between Forensic Medicine and the Law in Late Nineteenth-century England." Law, Culture and the Humanities 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872111429918.
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This article looks at the boundary work performed by Victorian doctors in order to position themselves as beneficial to the court in helping to determine whether a woman had been raped. These doctors provided tangible physical evidence to support already widely-held beliefs about the nature of the rape victim. Such physical evidence could then be used to support, or undermine, the complainant’s allegation. The article concludes that the reliance upon forensic evidence, the result of such boundary construction, is one of the major factors maintaining the current international “justice gap” in rape cases.
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Wright, Lauren E., Thomas Vander Ven, and Clara Fesmire. "American Serial Rape, 1940–2010." Criminal Justice Review 41, no. 4 (October 7, 2016): 446–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016816670458.
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Little is known about the social correlates of serial rape or about trends in offending across time and space in the United States. Furthermore, the limited serial rape scholarship that exists was largely generalized from small, captive samples. The current study aims to amplify our understanding of serial rape by pursuing three fundamental objectives. First, guided by theory and research we propose a new, more precise, and comprehensive conceptualization of serial rape. Next, we draw from media representations of serial rape published in five major American newspapers from 1940 to 2010 to develop an offender social profile and to identify patterns in attack style. Our analysis of a broad and diverse sample of serial offenders described in media accounts ( N = 1,037) produced the following profile estimates—age: 27 years; race/ethnicity: African American, 46%; Caucasian, 29%; Latino, 19%; Asian, 5%. Most offenders were employed in unskilled or semiskilled occupations and the most common attack strategy was the surprise approach (47%). Finally, our data allow us to estimate and interpret historical trends as depicted in media accounts. Our analysis revealed low levels of serial rape in newspaper accounts during the 1940s to 1950s, followed by a steady increase (with periodic decreases) leading to a peak in 1991. This peak is followed by a steady and dramatic decline from 1992 to 2010.
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Kaya, Şehriban. "Gender and violence: Rape as a spectacle on prime-time television." Social Science Information 58, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 681–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018419883831.
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This article focuses on the representation of rape on prime-time Turkish television and its context, where the industry, marketing and politics intersect, to investigate how the representation of rape on television serials functions. Since 2010, the prime-time episodic television of Turkey has used images of beautiful young girls and women who have been raped as a motif. A large number of TV serials have featured male violence against women as a central narrative concern, while there has been a rising trend featuring female characters as victims of rape. Often an episode in a television serial that features the act of rape is the most-viewed one in the series. The eroticization of violence against women through rape and gang rape scenes demonstrates that media, especially television, plays a key role in the construction of a violent masculinity that works according to the motto ‘I hurt therefore I am’. However, the television serial that give rape a central place in their narrative open a new space for public discussion about rape and other issues related to violence against women, and could encourage public outcry and defeat the government’s proposals based on traditional norms unfavorable to victims of sexual violence. While this article accepts the potential of television serials in bringing about social change, it does not forget the function of television series as entertainment and their active role in strengthening hegemonic masculinity. This article aims to shed light on the complex relations between gender, violence and television, as well as how gender relations are reproduced at a time when politics, media and economy interact and interlace.
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Anwary, Afroza. "Intersection of Sexual Violence against Women and Sectarian Agendas in India." Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies 7, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/generos.2018.3368.
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ABSTRACTUsing on-line newspaper reports, this paper examines how the narratives and counter narratives of the highly publicised gang rape of Pandey in 2012 reproduce rape myths. Using thematic analysis techniques, this research examines how gang rape is used in sectarian agendas in India. It demonstrates that the responses of government, the main opposition political party, and prominent leaders of Hindu nationalist forces to rape cannot be separated from the intersection of gender, misogynist culture and politics. Findings indicated that violated women’s bodies became a space for political debates between a conservative, opposition political party’s claims about Indian traditions and the government of India. These findings have important implications if we want to challenge rape myths that obscure the need for social and political transformation to stop rape. The highly publicised rape of Pandey marked a turning point for the anti-rape movement in India.
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Abdelnour, Samer, and Akbar M. Saeed. "Technologizing Humanitarian Space: Darfur Advocacy and the Rape-Stove Panacea." International Political Sociology 8, no. 2 (May 29, 2014): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ips.12049.
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Cowling, Mark. "Rape, and Other Sexual Assaults." Essays in Philosophy 2, no. 2 (2001): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip2001226.
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Philosophers have identified the harm involved in stranger rape in various ways. This article reviews these with a view to making sense of surveys on date and acquaintance rape and minor sexual assaults: how much should these be bracketed with stranger rape as a major and traumatic violation? Or are some of these incidents closer to bad manners? It concludes that rape is a violation of autonomy that should be condemned because of the extreme unhappiness caused to the victim. It is argued that this criterion can be used to make sense of lesser sexual assaults whereas some of the other criteria philosophers have used to condemn rape tend to bifurcate sexual experiences into acceptable on the one hand and seriously traumatic on the other, with little space in between.
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Campbell, Rebecca, Tracy Sefl, Sharon M. Wasco, and Courtney E. Ahrens. "Doing Community Research Without a Community: Creating Safe Space for Rape Survivors." American Journal of Community Psychology 33, no. 3-4 (June 2004): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ajcp.0000027010.74708.38.
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Aldukhayil, Zakarya. "The Myth of Rape in Eighteenth-Century Literature." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 1 (November 24, 2022): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n1p77.
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Rape as propaganda is the main focus of this study. Feminist scholars and activists have investigated rape in English history and discussed how this term was used by men to dominate women and spread fear amongst them. The patriarchal society of the early eighteenth-century England used rape in order to limit the freedom of female movement. Women were led to believe that their state of safety lies within their willingness to trade submission to a man for protection from all other men. This study investigates attitudes of rape and near rape attempts which were used in three seventeenth and eighteenth-century texts; Aphra Behn’s The Rover (1677), Eliza Haywood’s The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless (1751), and Frances Burney’s novel Evelina (1778). These attitudes were presented in order to portray different ideas such as a critique of the patriarchal society, to warn women of the dangers they might face out of the domestic sphere and perks of abiding by the social conduct, and also to encourage women to follow the mandates expected of women of quality. These three text are evidence that rape was commonly discussed as a method to warn women to keep out of public space prior to the nineteenth century.
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Almond, Louise, Michelle Ann McManus, and Hannah Chatterton. "Internet Facilitated Rape: A Multivariate Model of Offense Behavior." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 21-22 (July 12, 2017): 4979–5004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517718187.
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Recent statistics report a significant increase in individuals reporting they have been raped by a stranger whom they have met through the Internet (Internet facilitated rape [IFR]). Previous literature has primarily focused on child victims; hence, the overriding aim of this study is to further our understanding of IFR in terms of crime scene behavior. One hundred forty-four IFR cases and two comparative samples of age-matched stranger rapists (confidence approach and surprise approach) were coded for 38 crime scene behaviors. Findings suggest that the platforms IFR offenders use to meet their victims were not suggestive of the behavior they were likely to display. In terms of specific offense behaviors, the IFR and confidence approach rapists were considerably similar and both samples were comparatively different from the surprise approach rapists. Thus, this may indicate that the method of approach used by a stranger rapist has a significant effect on the subsequent rape crime scene behavior displayed regardless of any prior contact. A smallest space analysis of the IFR sample revealed three distinct themes of behavior, criminal sophistication, interpersonal involvement, and violence with 71% of offenders displaying one dominant theme. The practical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Cohen, Claire. "Problematizing ‘pro-feminist’ depictions of female on male rape: American Horror Story’s ‘Rape of the Monsignor’." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 16, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659019836276.
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Dramatized depictions of female on male rape, in inverting the conventional gendered rape binary of male assailant/female victim, are commonly regarded as subverting gender norms, and are thus celebrated as pro-feminist. I present a Foucauldian problematization of this rationale – arguing that, through a process of over-writing gender, inversion of the norm masks a ‘reversion to the norm’. To interpret this as pro-feminist, one must be distracted by corporeal gender in the superficial role reversal, and blind to the anti-feminist effects in operation. Critical discourse analysis of an example drawn from the popular US television show American Horror Story illustrates that such depictions operate in discursive space as the locus for a process of ‘governmentalized recursion’. A close reading of the media text and its audience reception is performed, methodological considerations in the intersection of feminist analyses and cultural criminology vis a vis gendered lacunae and popular misinterpretation are discussed and the primacy of scenographic analysis is challenged via a focus on ‘the arc’. This article thus contributes an intervention in the discourse predicated on a Foucauldian triangulation of media texts, audience responses and institutional frameworks and practices, to comprise a history of the present in a controversial and neglected area.
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Kovalyshyn, Stepan, and Oleksiy Shvets. "Study of Extra Cleaning of Rapeseeds in an Electric Frictional Separator." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 3 (2018): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866030677.
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The work is devoted to the study of the process of additional cleaning of rape seeds on an electric frictional separator, where an inclined plane moving in electric field acts as the working body. Theoretical studies have established that effective cleaning of this culture occurs when the trajectories of motion and the coordinates of the ascension of the components of the seed mixture from the separation plane differ as one another. As a result of the experiments, it was established that the main factors influencing the movement of components of the seed mixture of rape along the separation plane of the electric frictional separator and their orientation are the angle of inclination of the separation plane in the space α (deg.), its velocity VП (m/s), and electric field strength E (kV/cm). As a result of the research it was established that the maximum difference of the coordinates of the ascension of components of a seed mixture of rape from the separation plane can be reached at its angle of inclination in the space α = 9 deg., its velocity VП = 0.07 m/s and the intensity of the electric field E = 1.8...2 kV/cm. Of the factors mentioned above, the most significant influence on the behavior of rape seed on the separation plane and their coordinate is the magnitude of the electric field intensity in the working area of the separator. The mathematical expressions for determining the basic geometric dimensions of the separation plane of the electric friction separator are identified in this work, which are one of the necessary conditions for the working out and design of the construction of its industrial sample.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Effect of some agronomic technical in morphologe traits, yield compound and oil of rape seed c.v. pactol." Baghdad Science Journal 4, no. 4 (December 2, 2007): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.4.4.530-536.
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A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib research station , Baghdad , Iraq , during the autumn season of 2006. The objectives were to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and planting space on the performance of rape seed. A split-plot in a randomized complete of block design with three replications were used. Five levels of nitrogen fertilizer ( 120,160,200,240,280 Kg / ha ) were assigned to main plots, where as planting space in sub-plots. The result obtained confirmed that 280,240 kg / ha nitrogen maximized seed yield 1.830 , 1.773 ton/ha, oil yield,0.843,0.824 ton/ha .Results showed that planting space 30 cm produced the highest seed yield 1.90 ton / ha and oil yield , 0.884 ton / ha . Interactions between nitrogen fertilizer and planting space were also detected plants gave the highest seed yield 2.253 ton / ha and oil yield 1.045 ton /ha that 280kg/ha nitrogen ,30cm planting space and produced more oil content 48.54 % that 120 kg / ha nitrogen compared with high nitrogen fertilizer levels .
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Effect of some agronomic technical in morphologe traits, yield compound and oil of rape seed c.v. pactol." Baghdad Science Journal 5, no. 1 (March 2, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.5.1.1-7.
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A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib research station , Baghdad , Iraq . The objectives were to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and planting space on the performance of rape seed. A split-plot in a randomized complete of block design with three replications were used. Five levels of nitrogen fertilizer ( 120,160,200,240,280 Kg / ha ) were assigned to main plots, where as planting space in sub-plots. The result obtained confirmed that 280,240 kg / ha nitrogen maximized seed yield 1.830 , 1.773 ton/ha, oil yield,0.843,0.824 ton/ha .Results showed that planting space 30 cm produced the highest seed yield 1.90 ton / ha and oil yield , 0.884 ton / ha . Interactions between nitrogen fertilizer and planting space were also detected plants gave the highest seed yield 2.253 ton / ha and oil yield 1.045 ton /ha that 280kg/ha nitrogen ,30cm planting space and produced more oil content 48.54 % that 120 kg / ha nitrogen compared with high nitrogen fertilizer levels .
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Fanghanel, Alexandra, and Jason Lim. "Of “Sluts” and “Arseholes”: Antagonistic Desire and the Production of Sexual Vigilance." Feminist Criminology 12, no. 4 (November 26, 2015): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085115613431.
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This article examines a contemporary antagonism in gendered safety discourses—the imperative to be free in public space against the obligation to be safe and “properly” feminine. We argue that this produces (and is produced by) contemporary rape culture, which might be contested through recourse to an agonistic ethic. Using qualitative interview data, we examine how participants contest victim-blaming discourses, while limiting how far they will accept the female body’s right to occupy public space. This article has significant implications for approaching social justice, in particular justice for women and their right to occupy public space.
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Fanghanel, Alexandra. "On Being Ugly in Public: The Politics of the Grotesque in Naked Protests." Hypatia 35, no. 2 (2020): 262–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2020.5.
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AbstractSexualized naked protest using young and attractive women's bodies have long featured in the repertoire of protest tools for interventions in public space. Antirape feminist groups and nonhuman-animal rights activist groups, in particular, have mobilized these bodies to attract attention to their causes. Contemporary debates have suggested that these sorts of protest are objectionable, and that they are entwined with contemporary rape culture. This article complicates these accounts by considering what happens when the naked body is presented as a grotesquery in the service of these apparently emancipatory politics.Analyzing two instances of naked protest as case studies, this article examines what happens to naked protest when the bodies protesting are “ugly” or are rendered so. The analysis suggests that naked protest featuring bodies that are “ugly” harbors the possibility of mobilizing a transgressive politics beyond contemporary rape culture. This article has implications for better understanding how to mobilize protest in a way that is transgressive and bold without further enshrining rape culture as the normative background against which it takes place.
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Adams, Brittany. "Consent is not as Simple as Tea." Girlhood Studies 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2021.140103.
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In this article, I report on an action project undertaken by a group of young women (aged 18 to 20) to foster public discussions about the prevalence of rape culture on their university’s campus. Students proposed this action project during a book study of a young adult (YA) novel that focused on rape culture and sexual violence. Discussions during the book study resulted in the women creating a video designed for university orientation events that addressed common misconceptions about issues such as consent, relationship violence, sexual coercion, and victimhood. Using case study and narrative methods, I recount my experience of witnessing unexpected activism in my classroom. Framed within critical literacy research, I consider the outcomes of making space for student activism and I discuss implications for practitioners.
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Walsh, Martin W. "Moving Statues, Teleportation, and Rape: Some Space/Time Considerations in the Staging of Medieval Drama." European Medieval Drama 5 (January 2002): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.emd.2.300711.
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Grove, Nicole Sunday. "The cartographic ambiguities of HarassMap: Crowdmapping security and sexual violence in Egypt." Security Dialogue 46, no. 4 (August 2015): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010615583039.
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In December 2010, HarassMap was launched as a Cairo-based interactive online mapping interface for reporting and mapping incidents of sexual harassment anonymously and in real time, in Egypt. The project’s use of spatial information technologies for crowdmapping sexual harassment raises important questions about the use of crowdsourced mapping as a technique of global human security governance, as well as the techno-politics of interpreting and representing spaces of gendered security and insecurity in Egypt’s urban streetscape. By recoding Egypt’s urban landscape into spaces subordinated to the visual cartography of the project’s crowdsourced data, HarassMap obscures the complex assemblage that it draws together as the differentially open space of the Egyptian street – spaces that are territorialized and deterritorialized for authoritarian control, state violence, revolt, rape, new solidarities, gender reversals, sectarian tensions, and class-based mobilization. What is at stake in my analysis is the plasticity of victimage: to what extent can attempts to ‘empower’ women be pursued at the microlevel without amplifying the similarly imperial techniques of objectifying them as resources used to justify other forms of state violence? The question requires taking seriously the practices of mapping and targeting as an interface for securing public space.
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Guilherme, Alexandre Anselmo, and Bruno Antonio Picoli. "Redes sociais e educação informal." Diálogos Latinoamericanos 18, no. 26 (December 26, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dl.v18i26.112727.
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This article begins with the controversial statement given by Umberto Eco in Turin in June 2015, for whom the internet, and particularly its social networks, gave voice to a legion of idiots; that is, it gave space and visibility to the scemo del villaggio. In the first part of this article we draw on the writings of Santaella and Arendt, critically discussing social networks as public spaces of informal education that enables critical thinking or, on the contrary, promotes non-questioning amplifying the manifestation of forms of violence and the lack of ethical relations. The second part of this article analyses the impact that social networks had on two cases of violence, a lynching and a rape, that occurred respectively in Brazil in 2015 and 2016.
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Wachira, Ibrahim, Mugo Muhia, and Kimani Kaiga. "“Sexing African Time and Space”: The Fetish of the Colonial Gender." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.4.2.469.
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This article examines how Alain Mabanckou uses sexual allegories in his novel Broken glass (2010) to express (neo)-colonial realities in which Africa is charmed by the West into assuming the role of the sexual subaltern. Mabanckou appears to reinvigorate the sexual allegories of rape and prostitution for expressing the penetrative tendencies of colonialism by affixing their connotations of exploitation to the harsh socio-economic and political realities of (neo)-colonialism, thus creating a motif which is termed in the article as the fetish of colonial gender. Its coalescent value might be of great interest in postcolonial studies since it reveals how neocolonialists ascribe the subaltern’s time and space with exploitable sex through the charm of the global economy. The critical discussion is built on textual research methods and it highlights on the fabric that holds the neo-colonial relationship between the West and Africa.
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Devlin, Donna Rae. "A “Hired Girl” Testifies Against the “Son of a Prominent Family”: Bastardy and Rape on the Nineteenth-Century Nebraska Plains." Western Historical Quarterly 53, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whab127.
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Abstract In Red Cloud, Nebraska, in 1887, Anna “Annie” Sadilek (later Pavelka) pressed bastardy charges against the “son of a prominent family,” even though she could have, according to her pre-trial testimony, pressed charges for rape. To the literary world, Sadilek is better known as Ántonia Shimerda, the powerful protagonist in Willa Cather’s 1918 novel, My Ántonia. However, it is Sadilek’s real-life experience that allows us to better understand life on the Nebraska Plains, specifically through an examination of the state’s rape laws and the ways these laws were subsequently interpreted by the courts. The Nebraska Supreme Court, between 1877 and 1886, established the need for the state to prove force as a primary component of the definition for rape, drew boundaries around acceptable reporting times, and solidified their stance on the requirement of corroborating testimony. These factors led Sadilek to charge Charley Kaley not with rape but with bastardy, a civil suit, which almost guaranteed a successful outcome for Sadilek and her child because it would not burden the county or state with their financial welfare. In analyzing Sadilek’s choices before the law, this article demonstrates the complexities of the gendered legal systems facing women like Sadilek who sought justice for crimes of a sexual nature. Additionally significant, this article draws attention to a space and place that lacks significant study in regard to the sexual power dynamics of the nineteenth-century Great Plains West, a multicultural contact zone highly susceptible to the influences of hypermasculine control.
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Belair-Gagnon, Valerie, Smeeta Mishra, and Colin Agur. "Reconstructing the Indian public sphere: Newswork and social media in the Delhi gang rape case." Journalism 15, no. 8 (December 19, 2013): 1059–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884913513430.
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In recent years, a growing literature in journalism studies has discussed the increasing importance of social media in European and American news production. Adding to this body of work, we explore how Indian and foreign correspondents reporting from India used social media during the coverage of the Delhi gang rape; how journalists represented the public sphere in their social media usage; and, what this representation says about the future of India’s public sphere. Throughout our analysis, Manuel Castells’ discussion of ‘space of flows’ informs our examination of journalists’ social media uses. Our article reveals that while the coverage of the Delhi gang rape highlights an emerging, participatory nature of storytelling by journalists, this new-found inclusiveness remains exclusive to the urban, educated, connected middle and upper classes. We also find that today in India, social media usage is rearticulated around pre-existing journalistic practices and norms common to both Indian reporters working for English-language media houses and foreign correspondents stationed in India.
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Wan, Liang, Yijian Li, Haiyan Cen, Jiangpeng Zhu, Wenxin Yin, Weikang Wu, Hongyan Zhu, Dawei Sun, Weijun Zhou, and Yong He. "Combining UAV-Based Vegetation Indices and Image Classification to Estimate Flower Number in Oilseed Rape." Remote Sensing 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2018): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10091484.
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Remote estimation of flower number in oilseed rape under different nitrogen (N) treatments is imperative in precision agriculture and field remote sensing, which can help to predict the yield of oilseed rape. In this study, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with Red Green Blue (RGB) and multispectral cameras was used to acquire a series of field images at the flowering stage, and the flower number was manually counted as a reference. Images of the rape field were first classified using K-means method based on Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) L*a*b* space, and the result showed that classified flower coverage area (FCA) possessed a high correlation with the flower number (r2 = 0.89). The relationships between ten commonly used vegetation indices (VIs) extracted from UAV-based RGB and multispectral images and the flower number were investigated, and the VIs of Normalized Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI), Red Green Ratio Index (RGRI) and Modified Green Red Vegetation Index (MGRVI) exhibited the highest correlation to the flower number with the absolute correlation coefficient (r) of 0.91. Random forest (RF) model was developed to predict the flower number, and a good performance was achieved with all UAV variables (r2 = 0.93 and RMSEP = 16.18), while the optimal subset regression (OSR) model was further proposed to simplify the RF model, and a better result with r2 = 0.95 and RMSEP = 14.13 was obtained with the variable combination of RGRI, normalized difference spectral index (NDSI (944, 758)) and FCA. Our findings suggest that combining VIs and image classification from UAV-based RGB and multispectral images possesses the potential of estimating flower number in oilseed rape.
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Wrona, Daria. "Cosplay in the perspective of rape culture. Context, origins and conditions." Journal of Gender and Power 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/jgp.2018.9.006.
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Many people do not have the knowledge on what cosplay is, even less about its positive correlation with the rape culture we live in. It’s hard to disagree that the modern world is heavily influenced by the pop culture, current reality is based upon it, and so it cannot be omitted in such important things as education. Cosplay, as a generally new trend is heavily rooted in it and as such it’s connected to the battle for equality, emancipation, sexism and many movements which are part of video games. Patriarchal influences and rooted patterns found in our cultural circle have impact on the appearance of costumes, which we wear; supply and demand with the addition of consumerism and hedonism dictate the look of created characters and cosplays characters which are most popular. Situations which demands attention are ones, where we breach someone’s personal space, where molestation of rape occurs. Aspects which help here will be proper upbringing and education, which apart of implementing basic culture and its patterns will also sensitize towards the problems of sexual abuse. The issue here does not lie in the character models, scarce costumes or the unfair fight for equality, its indoctrination or inappropriate approach, but teaching respect and enjoying the phenomena which is cosplay.
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Gray, Harriet. "The ‘war’/‘not-war’ divide: Domestic violence in the Preventing Sexual Violence Initiative." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 21, no. 1 (October 3, 2018): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148118802470.
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While recognising the importance of policy designed to tackle conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence, scholars have increasingly critiqued such policies for failing sufficiently to apprehend the multiple forms of this violence – from rape deployed as a weapon of war to domestic violence – as interrelated oppressions located along a continuum. In this article, I explore a connected but distinct line of critique, arguing that sexual and gender-based violence policies are also limited by a narrow understanding of how gender-based violences relate to war itself. Drawing on an analysis of the British Government’s Preventing Sexual Violence Initiative, I identify a key distinction which emerges between those types of sexual and gender-based violence which are considered to be part of war, and those which are not. This division, I suggest, closes down space for recognising how war is also enacted within private spaces.
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Thioulouse, J. "Space-Time Structures in a Winter Rape Pest Population, Psylliodes chrysocephala (Col., Chrysomelidae); Methodological Proposals and Biological Interpretations." Journal of Applied Ecology 24, no. 2 (August 1987): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403885.
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Moss, Rachel. "“Let Him Walk with You”: Telling Stories About Fifteenth-Century Men, and the Women they Left Behind." Medieval Feminist Forum 58, no. 1 (2022): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32773/rxmx9778.
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In this article I use a blend of autoethnography and historical storytelling to explore the role of outdoor space in forming relationships between fifteenth-century men and their maintenance of hegemonic power. By weaving together three striking vignettes from late fifteenth-century England, constructed as creative retellings of the historical evidence, with autoethnographic notes on my own lived experience, I am able to fill in the gaps of the historical record and open up questions about the implications of what has been left out. I argue that the medieval cultural understanding of the outdoors as both spiritually and physically beneficial, as well as practical concerns about privacy, made orchard and garden spaces a natural site for sharing sensitive news and for deepening emotional bonds between men in ways that may have been less feasible in a busy domestic interior context. In outdoor spaces related to, but distinct from, the interior domestic space, men may have been able to exercise a homosocial intimacy freed from some of the constraints of the regulated household. This could have positive effects that nuance our understanding of the way generations of men related to one another, shifting the conversation beyond interpreting multi-generational relationships beyond strict hierarchical systems. Cultivated outdoor spaces were fruitful in ways beyond the obvious: they facilitated cross-generational empathy and fostered mutual understanding. However, the blurring of social controls and relaxing of strict etiquette around status and age in these spaces could facilitate and then cover up gross misconduct and criminal activity, up to and including rape.
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Laugerud, Solveig. "Embodied truths and authentic selves: The constitution of evidence and credibility in rape cases." International Journal of Evidence & Proof 24, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365712720928668.
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In this article, I use the concept of chronotope, which means time-space, to analyse knowledge production at the intersection of science, technology and law. I do a comparative study of written legal decisions regarding criminal injuries compensation in rape cases from two different legal institutions in Norway—namely, the Compensation Authority and the criminal courts. In these written decisions, the two institutions state the reasons and justifications for their decisions by invoking, relying on and dismissing various kinds of knowledge, such as forensic, medical and psychological knowledge. The aim of this comparison is to investigate how these reasons and justifications constitute evidence and credibility. I argue that the two institutions attach themselves to different kinds of expert knowledge because they are chronotopically different and consequently constitute evidence and credibility in different ways.
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Dey, Adrija. "Sites of Exception: Gender Violence, Digital Activism, and Nirbhaya’s Zone of Anomie in India." Violence Against Women 26, no. 11 (August 4, 2019): 1423–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219862633.
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Gender violence in India exists as a state of exception for the ways in which it occupies a nonlegal, liminal space of existence as “bare life” or “life itself.” The rape and murder of Jyoti Singh Pandey unprecedentedly brought this to the surface. This article aims to highlight the ways in which the movement that emerged out of this case engaged with gender violence as a state of exception while the use of new digital technologies by “digital subjects”/“digital parasites” has constituted “sites of exception,” leading to new forms of organizing and creating an emerging politics of gender justice in India.
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Malik, Aisha. "Transnational Feminist Edutainment Television in Pakistan: Udaari as Case Study." BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 10, no. 2 (December 2019): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974927619896774.
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First created in the context of state-controlled broadcast television of the 1960s, the Urdu serial drama form has proven enduringly popular in Pakistan. This article examines how institutional changes, including the appearance of nongovernmental organisations in this space, have altered the production and reception of these serial dramas and their thematic content, which has recently included such highly charged topics as sexual abuse, harassment and rape. First, I look at how transnationally funded content has impacted modes of production in a liberalised and deregulated Pakistani television industry. Second, I give a case study of the internationally funded drama serial Udaari as an example of agenda setting television intended to create public dialogue and galvanise change, to which I give the name feminist edutainment (FE) that intentionally recalls the form of entertainment education (EE) associated with the work of Miguel Sabido. Finally, I draw on my ethnographic research to argue that contemporary serial dramas, while engaging a domestic reception space primarily occupied by women, have expanded into the online space through the social media activism of feminist influencers.
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Purwatiningsih, Sri Desti. "Communication ethics in distribution of information through Youtube social media (Case of teacher sexual harassment on Santriwati)." Technium Social Sciences Journal 28 (February 9, 2022): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v28i1.5869.
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In social life, YouTube as a social media is often used to spread messages and information quickly on a large scale to its users at a relatively low cost. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe communication ethics in the use of youtube social media as a means of information media for youtube users through a geographic method approach, which is a method used to understand the culture of social media users as a safe space for youtube social media users in sharing information. Netnography is a method for investigating social media users' behavior (culture) or habits. This research is only focused on communication ethics in the use of YouTube social media as a medium for disseminating and fulfilling information for the community by raising a case about the harassment and rape of a religious teacher as well as the owner of a boarding school to his students to give birth to a baby. The problems studied were cases of harassment and rape against female students that occurred in several Islamic boarding schools that were carried out by the teacher/ustad himself.
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Koopman, Emy. "Incestuous rape, abjection, and the colonization of psychic space in Toni Morrison'sThe Bluest Eyeand Shani Mootoo'sCereus Blooms at Night." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 49, no. 3 (July 2013): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2012.691647.
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Bocianowski, Jan, and Alina Liersch. "Multidimensional Analysis of Diversity in Genotypes of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)." Agronomy 12, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030633.
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The effect of genotype, environment (year, location) and their interaction on seed yield and important breeding traits of 25 genotypes of winter oilseed rape were investigated under field conditions in Greater Poland. Multi-environmental field experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications during three growing seasons in two locations. Five traits, such as the beginning of flowering, seed yield and its structure, the length of siliques, the number of seeds per silique and the weight of 1000 seeds were recorded. The tested Brassica genotypes showed significant differences in terms of yield and other investigated traits across harvesting years and growing locations. Analysis of variance indicated that the main effects of genotypes, locations and years as well as all interactions were significant for all traits of study. The correlation coefficient between the investigated traits displayed strong negative relationships between seed yield and the beginning of flowering (except E2). The use of multivariate statistical methods in this study allowed for the simultaneous characterization of 25 tested genotypes in terms of several traits. Visualization of the experimental results and finally the distribution of Brassica genotypes in space of two first canonical variates showed a variation between the cultivars, double low, resynthesized and lines with changed fatty acid content in terms of yield and its components, as well as the beginning of flowering.
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Fauzi, Muhammad Haris, Yuyun Affandi, and Arikhah Arikhah. "Survivor of Sexual Violence in Quranic Perspective: Mubādalah Analysis toward Chapter Joseph in Tafsir al-Azhar." Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 15, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/sa.v15i2.6154.
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This research aims to examine and understand cases of sexual violence that befell the Prophet Joseph that was recorded in the verses of the Quran. The Prophet Joseph as a survivor of sexual violence suffered from verbal sexual harassment, attempted rape compulsion, and victim-blaming. The data is obtained by library research and analyzed using the socio-historical approach and qirā’ah mubādalah to analyze the method. The research results indicate that men and women must create a safe space of sexual violence and avoid destructive actions. The Prophet Joseph's strategic move came out of the circle of sexual violence and became a survivor by implementing the unity of God's values in various conditions.
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Kumar, Y. "SOCIAL MEDIA ACTIVISM MOVEMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN ON ISSUES OF RAPE AND SEXUAL ABUSE." BULLETIN Series of Sociological and Political sciences 74, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-2.1728-8940.16.
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This paper analyzes several aspects concerning the national issues of rape and sexual harassment incidences in the context of Kazakhstan via a discourse analysis approach of social media activist movements. The article touches upon crucial social media movements, such as ‘#MeTooTalgo’, ‘NeMolchi.kz’ or ‘#OrtashaEmes’, which all emerged after the 2016 incident with the rape case in a Talgo Train, causing eventually an upward rising tendency for awareness-raising social media campaigns across the country. Alongside that, the paper also provides insight into the discussion about the societal influence of the contextual conservative patriarchal state on women, the factors causing women to become victims of sexual and physical abuse as well the power of the social media as a tool and platform for catalyzing the enraged voices of women into influential instruments for societal changes. On top of that, this paper also looks at how the movements of social media activism have influenced government decisions and law amendments in the country towards tightening legislations. The paper follows a discourse analysis research methodology, where only secondary sources of information are used and referred to. In conclusion, the significance of this paper is that it tries to enlighten and bring forth one of the societal problems that women and under-aged girls in Kazakhstan face, and which has yet to be accepted as a “societal problem” by the society itself. Hence, despite the conservative regime with a still developing but much promising civic society, social media has shown to be ‘a free fighting space’ for those who want to voice their problems and for those who want to be heard.
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Mila, Suryaningsi. "Perempuan, Tubuhnya dan Narasi Perkosaan dalam Ideologi Patriarki." Indonesian Journal of Theology 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46567/ijt.v4i1.48.
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Tamar’s rape is narrated in a conflict of interest among Amnon and Absalom. Tamar’s rape was just the beginning of the conflict among Absalom and Amnon who fought for the throne as the symbol of power. In fact, Tamar was a muted victim. Therefore, it needs a critical eye such as a feminist hermeneutic approach to re-read and reinterpret this story. Feminist hermeneutic critical is a tool to explore the hidden stories especially about women’s experiences on violence and oppression. This approach will help us to produce a theological reconstruction on the experience of Tamar’s oppression and her struggle. Through hermeneutic feminist critical, the story of Tamar and her pain will be the main concern. Tamar was no longer cry for her wounds and trauma. She will have a chance to tell her bitter experience. She will have a space to speak up and share her pain. The story of Tamar as a survivor will be remembered and celebrated as the standpoint to fight against violence in our present context. This approach also guides the church to re-thinking and re-frame its theological understanding deals to the increasing of sexual abuses against women and children. Some findings on Tamar’s story will be a reference to deconstruct the patriarchal culture and to build a theology of equality among men and women.
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Nazar, Nazar Naamy. "KONSTRUKSI REALITAS DAN POLITISASI PEREMPUAN DI MEDIA SUARA NTB." Politea : Jurnal Politik Islam 5, no. 1 (June 18, 2022): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/politea.v5i1.5310.
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This paper aims to find out how the construction of the reality of women in the mass media is formed in the reporting and trafficking of people with female victims in the Mass Media. This study focused on the text of the news of rape and trafficking in women in May 2016 in the NTB Suara daily. This paper is a qualitative study using the Teun Van Dijk model discourse analysis method. With this method, the committee will see how women's discourse is constructed, politicization and shaped by mass media through text analysis, social cognition and social contexts. The conclusion is that Suara NTB daily constructs women as victims, not as objects of exploitation, because women are placed as the subject of the narrator and given space to tell themselves or the events experienced.
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Tamrin, M. "KONSTRUKSI REALITAS PEREMPUAN DI MEDIA SUARA NTB." KOMUNIKE 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/jurkom.v10i1.556.
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This paper aims to fnd out how the construction of the reality of women in the mass media is formed in the reporting and traffcking of people with female victims in the Mass Media. This study focused on the text of the news of rape and traffcking in women in May 2016 in the NTB Suara daily. This paper is a qualitative study using the Teun Van Dijk model discourse analysis method. With this method, the committee will see how women’s discourse is constructed and shaped by mass media through text analysis, social cognition and social contexts. The conclusion is that Suara NTB daily constructs women as victims, not as objects of exploitation, because women are placed as the subject of the narrator and given space to tell themselves or the events experienced.
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Breen, Michelle Dunne, Patricia Easteal, Kate Holland, Georgina Sutherland, and Cathy Vaughan. "Exploring Australian journalism discursive practices in reporting rape: The pitiful predator and the silent victim." Discourse & Communication 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2017): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750481317697858.
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This article draws on the qualitative research component of a mixed-methods project exploring the Australian news media’s representation of violence against women. This critical discourse analysis is on print and online news reporting of the case of ‘Kings Cross Nightclub Rapist Luke Lazarus’, who in March 2015 was tried and convicted of raping a female club-goer in a laneway behind his father’s nightclub in Sydney, Australia. We explore the journalism discursive practices employed in the production of the news reports about the Lazarus trial. Our analysis shows how some lexical features, quoting strategies and structuring elements serve to minimise the victim’s experience while emphasising the adverse effects of the trial on the accused. Furthermore, we demonstrate how such practices allow for the graphic representation of the attack in a salacious manner while minimising the impact of the crime on the victim by selectively referencing her victim impact statement. We found some differences between print and online news stories about this case, some of which may be attributable to the greater space available to the telling of news stories online. We conclude that in news reporting of the Lazarus case, routine journalism discursive practices, such as the inverted pyramid news-writing structure and decisions about who and what to quote, serve simultaneously to diminish the victim’s experience while objectifying her. These results build on international findings about media reporting practices in relation to violence against women and add substantially to what we know about these practices in Australia.
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Sheehy, Chris, and Suryia Nayak. "Black feminist methods of activism are the tool for global social justice and peace." Critical Social Policy 40, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 234–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018319896231.
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We use the method of conversation as a tool of living activist struggles to end social injustice. We draw on Black feminism to create an intersectionality of diverse activist voices across time and space. We insist on an intersectional acuity to analyse Global alienation, subjugation and exploitation. We use examples from activist contexts such as the Trade Union and Rape Crisis movements. Our conversation speaks of the tensions and risks of solidarity and organizing across difference. We use Gramsci’s idea of the ‘interregnum’ to look at the in-between space of protest and transformation. We argue that the ‘interregnum’ is an opportunity to build solidarity for Global justice. In the context of intersectional racism, we ask, can the racial grief of Black women speak? We like Lorde’s idea that ‘Caring for myself is not self-indulgence, it is self-preservation, and that is an act of political warfare’ (Lorde, 1988: 332). We argue that the relationship of Black feminism to oppression, constitutes its revolutionary potential, and this distinguishes Black feminist activist methodologies from other methodologies as the tool for Global social justice and peace.
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Moore, Amber. "Safe space(s), content (trigger) warnings, and being ‘care-ful’ with trauma literature pedagogy and rape culture in secondary English teacher education." Changing English 29, no. 1 (December 14, 2021): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1358684x.2021.2006053.
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Diwakar, Jyoti. "Sex as a Weapon to Settle Scores against Dalits: An Quotidian Phenomenon." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v1i2.206.
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In the Indian context, caste controls the gender norms as women are the producers of the nation of ‘caste purity’. No wonder all the Hindu religious scriptures have explicitly or implicitly condemned the notion of miscegenation. Thus the Hindu social order works on two grounds either on the karma ideology of dharma (religion) or danda (punishment) thereupon violence is used as a tool to regulate the Hindu society. Historically dalit men and women have been encountering culturally sanctioned violence, mainly from the Hindu social order in the name of ‘violating social norms’ in various forms ranging from inter-caste marriages, temple entry and untouchability and so on. As a result, dalits, especially dalit women become the easy target for so-called ‘protectors of religious authority’. Further, the presence of violence has been normalized and turned into an everyday phenomenon. This article aims to address sexual violence specifically the rape incidents of dalit women due to their intersectional position in the society. The article also explores how the responses of state stakeholders on these two case studies i.e. Bhagana (2014) and Alwar (2019), having distinct rural and urban location, where dalit women’s rape reveals, the caste power of dominant caste community. It also probes how land becomes a contested space to evade dalits’ demand while raping dalit women. The researcher has opted for the case study method to analyze this broader issue and resources are limited to scholarly articles, online media and print media resources and fact-findings reports.
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Jankauskienė, Jurga, Rima Mockevičiūtė, Virgilija Gavelienė, Sigita Jurkonienė, and Nijolė Anisimovienė. "The Application of Auxin-like Compounds Promotes Cold Acclimation in the Oilseed Rape Plant." Life 12, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12081283.
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Cold is a major environmental key factor influencing plant growth, development, and productivity. Responses and adaption processes depend on plant physiological and biochemical modifications, first of all via the hormonal system. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a critical role in the processes of plant functioning. To assess the influence of the auxin-like compounds 1-[2-chloroethoxycarbonylmethyl]-4-naphthalenesulfonic acid calcium salt (TA-12) and 1-[2-dimethylaminoethoxycarbonylmethyl]naphthalene chloromethylate (TA-14) in the process of cold acclimation, long-term field trials over four years were performed with two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plant cultivars with different wintering resistance in temperate-zone countries. In these two rapeseed cultivars, namely ‘Casino’ (less resistant) and ‘Valesca’ (more resistant), investigations were conducted in the terminal buds and root collars. The application of auxin-like compounds revealed a close interlinkage between the composition of dehydrins and the participation of the phytohormone IAA in the adaptation processes. By applying TA-12 and TA-14, the importance of the proteins, especially the composition of the dehydrins, the IAA amount, and the status of the oilseed rape cultivars at the end of the cold acclimation period were confirmed. Following on from this, when introducing oilseed rape cultivars from foreign countries, it may also be of value to assess their suitability for cultivation in temperate-zone countries.
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Vreugdenhil, Mariette, Wolfgang Wagner, Bernhard Bauer-Marschallinger, Isabella Pfeil, Irene Teubner, Christoph Rüdiger, and Peter Strauss. "Sensitivity of Sentinel-1 Backscatter to Vegetation Dynamics: An Austrian Case Study." Remote Sensing 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10091396.
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Crop monitoring is of great importance for e.g., yield prediction and increasing water use efficiency. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission operated by the European Space Agency provides the opportunity to monitor Earth’s surface using radar at high spatial and temporal resolution. Sentinel-1’s Synthetic Aperture Radar provides co- and cross-polarized backscatter, enabling the calculation of microwave indices. In this study, we assess the potential of Sentinel-1 VV and VH backscatter and their ratio VH/VV, the cross ratio (CR), to monitor crop conditions. A quantitative assessment is provided based on in situ reference data of vegetation variables for different crops under varying meteorological conditions. Vegetation Water Content (VWC), biomass, Leaf Area Index (LAI) and height are measured in situ for oilseed-rape, corn and winter cereals at different fields during two growing seasons. To quantify the sensitivity of backscatter and microwave indices to vegetation dynamics, linear and exponential models and machine learning methods have been applied to the Sentinel-1 data and in situ measurements. Using an exponential model, the CR can account for 87% and 63% of the variability in VWC for corn and winter cereals. In oilseed-rape, the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) is lower ( R 2 = 0.34) due to the large difference in VWC between the two growing seasons and changes in vegetation structure that affect backscatter. Findings from the Random Forest analysis, which uses backscatter, microwave indices and soil moisture as input variables, show that CR is by and large the most important variable to estimate VWC. This study demonstrates, based on a quantitative analysis, the large potential of microwave indices for vegetation monitoring of VWC and phenology.
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Porter, Holly E. "Justice and rape on the periphery: the supremacy of social harmony in the space between local solutions and formal judicial systems in northern Uganda." Journal of Eastern African Studies 6, no. 1 (February 2012): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2012.664705.
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Zhang, Zhiyi, Shiyuan Li, Jiakai Jia, Zhiqi Zheng, and Hao Tian. "Application of Convolution Neural Network Algorithm Based on Intelligent Sensor Network in Target Recognition of Corn Weeder at Seedling Stage." Journal of Sensors 2022 (October 3, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2748862.
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Grass damage in the seedling corn field has always been an important factor affecting the growth and development of crops. The existence of grass not only compresses the living space of corn seedlings but also easily causes insect damage. Therefore, it is essential for weeding in the seedling corn field. The existing weeding methods usually use manual or chemical herbicide spraying, which is not only time-consuming and laborious but also inefficient. With the development of artificial intelligence and modern agricultural technology, the use of robots for field weeding has become an effective means, which has attracted more and more attention of researchers at home and abroad. Therefore, based on the full investigation of the development of relevant technologies at home and abroad, this paper carried out the research on the real-time target recognition and ranging method of field weeding robot and proposed a target recognition method of weeding corn at the seedling stage by using an intelligent sensor network and deep learning convolution neural network. Among them, the intelligent sensor is mainly used for target ranging and obstacle avoidance, and CNN is mainly used for target recognition. Taking the images of corn seedlings and weeds in the seedling stage under natural environmental conditions as samples, the migration training is carried out through the depth network model of the COCO data set, and the convolution features are shared by the CNN depth network model and Fast-CNN depth network model. VGG and ResNet feature extraction networks are compared. The experimental results show that the CNN depth network model based on this paper has obvious advantages in rape and weed target recognition. The target recognition accuracy of rape and weeds can reach 87.64%, and the recall rate can reach 80.23%. Compared with other models, it has obvious advantages, which proves the effectiveness of this model.
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Abdelmonem, Angie. "Reconceptualizing Sexual Harassment in Egypt: A Longitudinal Assessment of el-Taharrush el-Ginsy in Arabic Online Forums and Anti-Sexual Harassment Activism." Kohl: A Journal for Body and Gender Research 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2015): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36583/kohl/1-1/.
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This paper examines shifting conceptualizations of sexual harassment, or el-taḥarrush el-ginsy, in Egypt. Through longitudinal data from online Arabic discussion boards and blog sites, as well as insights from interviews and participant observation of anti-sexual harassment organizations, it explores the range of meanings evident in the use of the term taḥarrush. A comparative approach was employed to assess changes in Egyptian discourses with those taking place across the region. Online data was collected using the search terms “taḥarrush ginsy” and “taḥarrush.” Google served as the primary search engine to locate discussion and blog posts from the years 2000-2012. Through this method, 233 unique posts were identified focused on el-taḥarrush el-ginsy. The data showed overwhelming public concern in the region about the molestation and rape of children until 2006. In October 2006, a shift occurred in Egyptian posts, tied to the Eid mob sexual harassment that took place in downtown Cairo. From that point on, taḥarrush in Egypt signified the sexual harassment of women in public space. Prior to the Eid mob sexual harassment event, the Egyptian Center for Women’s Rights had begun a campaign to end everyday sexual harassment in the streets, which it called taḥarrush. Following the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, this activism continued with independent initiatives focused on community-based work, such as HarassMap. Throughout this time, the discourse was complicated by the connection of taḥarrush to more violent forms of sexual assault and rape, which was further evident following the Revolution. This connection of taḥarrush with more sexually violent practices aligns with prior meanings of taḥarrush, but it has also contributed to public resistance to the idea that taḥarrush signifies everyday sexual harassment that anti-sexual harassment initiatives seek to establish.