Journal articles: 'Rape scripts'

1

Kahn, Arnold S., Virginia Andreoli Mathie, and Cyndee Torgler. "Rape Scripts and Rape Acknowledgment." Psychology of Women Quarterly 18, no. 1 (March 1994): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb00296.x.

Full text

Abstract:

Past research has indicated that nearly half of college-aged women who experience forced, nonconsensual sexual intercourse, do not label their experience as rape. We found evidence that these unacknowledged rape victims possess more violent, stranger rape scripts than do acknowledged rape victims, who are more likely to have an acquaintance rape script. The difference in rape scripts between acknowledged and unacknowledged rape victims was not due to different demographics or actual rape experience. However, unacknowledged victims did have a sexual history which involved less force than did acknowledged victims. Apparently, most unacknowledged victims do not define their rape experience as rape because they have a rape script of a violent, stranger, blitz rape which does not match their experience of being raped in a less forceful manner by someone with whom they were acquainted. The extent to which their less forceful sexual histories is related to their more violent rape scripts remains to be investigated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ryan, Kathryn M. "Rape and Seduction Scripts." Psychology of Women Quarterly 12, no. 2 (June 1988): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1988.tb00939.x.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous research has shown that rape judgments can be influenced by several variables; however, it is not known whether these variables appear in rape scripts. Moreover, although the script concept has been applied to sexual behavior (e.g., Gagnon & Simon, 1973; Laws & Schwartz, 1977), researchers have only just begun to explore the content of sexual scripts. The present study explored college students' rape and seduction scripts. Twenty introductory psychology students were asked to write about the “typical” rape and the “typical” seduction. These scripts were coded on 20 common dimensions. Results showed that the rape and seduction scripts were very different. Most subjects described a blitz rape: a woman who was outdoors was attacked by a male stranger who was mentally or socially unfit. The assailant was very angry and aggressive and the victim, very afraid. In contrast, the seduction was more frequently indoors and often involved alcohol. The participants were sometimes strangers and both sexes could initiate the event. Nevertheless, subjects disagreed as to the outcome. Finally, two interesting sex differences emerged in the current study. Implications of the current results for rape education were drawn.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Littleton, Heather L., and Julia C. Dodd. "Violent Attacks and Damaged Victims." Violence Against Women 22, no. 14 (July 9, 2016): 1725–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216631438.

Full text

Abstract:

Scripts are influential in shaping sexual behaviors. Prior studies have examined the influence of individuals’ rape scripts. However, these scripts have not been evaluated among diverse groups. The current study examined the rape scripts of African American ( n = 72) and European American ( n = 99) college women. Results supported three rape scripts: the “real rape,” the “party rape,” and the mismatched intentions rape, that were equally common. However, there were some differences, with African Americans’ narratives more often including active victim resistance and less often containing victim vulnerability themes. Societal and cultural influences on rape scripts are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hirsch, Susan F. "Interpreting Media Representations of a “Night of Madness”: Law and Culture in the Construction of Rape Identities." Law & Social Inquiry 19, no. 04 (1994): 1023–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1994.tb00947.x.

Full text

Abstract:

This article compares U.S. and Kenyan media representations of an incident at a Kenyan boarding school during which many young women were raped and several killed by their male schoolmates. The author's analysis of print media accounts reveals that how the press constructed the identities of “rapists” and “victims” relied on nationally specific stereotypes, myths, and scripts of rape and its relation to differences of culture, race, and rationality. U.S. accounts simultaneously explain the rapes by emphasizing difference and foreground legal constructions of rape identities that meat experiences of rape as essentially similar. The tension over difference and law in the U.S. accounts parallels the highly visible, though largely unproductive, debate among feminists pitting cultural relativism against legal universalism, and such dichotomized approaches preclude the development of politically useful conceptions of rape and rape identities. The analysis suggests that issues raised in the Kenyan press-the relation between sexual practices and rape and the state's role in furthering sexual violence-directed attention to complexities of rape and power elided by the m o w legal models pervasive in U. S . media and scholarly representations of rape. She concludes that fighting rape more effectively entails exposing limited representational practices and also attending to a broader range of understandings of rape and rape identities in various contexts

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Hockett, Jericho M., Donald A. Saucier, and Caitlyn Badke. "Rape Myths, Rape Scripts, and Common Rape Experiences of College Women." Violence Against Women 22, no. 3 (August 13, 2015): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801215599844.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Altrows, Aiyana. "Silence and the Regulation of Feminist Anger in Young Adult Rape Fiction." Girlhood Studies 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2019.120202.

Full text

Abstract:

Bringing rape stories into popular discussion was a crucial success of the Second Wave Women’s Liberation movement. Popular culture is now inundated with rape stories. However, the repetitive scripts and schemas that dominate these are often informed by neoliberal individualism that is antithetical to feminism. The contradictions that characterize the tensions between feminism and neoliberalism in these texts are typically postfeminist, combining often inconsistent feminist rhetoric with neoliberal ideology. By examining the use of the silent victim script in young adult rape fiction, in this article I argue that most young adult rape fiction presents rape as an individual, pathological defect and a precondition to be managed by girls on an individual basis, rather than an act of violence committed against them.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Altrows, Aiyana. "Rape Scripts and Rape Spaces: Constructions of Female Bodies in Adolescent Fiction." International Research in Children's Literature 9, no. 1 (July 2016): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2016.0182.

Full text

Abstract:

This article offers an analysis of the construction of female bodies in adolescent fiction about rape, arguing that the absence of a developed rapist character results in a focus on and pathologising of female characters. This positions female bodies as the cause of rape, rather than societal problems or rapists themselves, creating ‘rape spaces’. The positioning of female bodies as the cause of rape sanctions public and state control of those bodies, removing a female's subjective agency and right to manage her own body. I demonstrate how the depiction of psychological relationships to bodies as they develop sexually during puberty and attract unwanted male attention can function within the narrative to undermine a girl's ability to manage her own body, and how female sexual desire can either undermine or reinforce a girl's ability to manage her own body. I analyse how fraught relationships to clothing and food can be either accepted and interpolated to reinforce the construction of female bodies as rape spaces within these texts, or problematised to portray empowered female characters as they recognise and reject them as potential tools of patriarchal control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Strain, Megan L., Jericho M. Hockett, and Donald A. Saucier. "Precursors to Rape: Pressuring Behaviors and Rape Proclivity." Violence and Victims 30, no. 2 (2015): 322–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00051.

Full text

Abstract:

We developed measures assessing personal and normative attitudes toward two types of behaviors that are symptomatic of rape culture. We conceptualize sexual violence as existing on a continuum and argue that two types of behaviors may be potential antecedents to (and consequences of) sexual violence: attempts to pressure, which mimic the power dynamics of rape in a less aggressive fashion, and benevolent dating behaviors, which are accepted dating scripts in which men initiate action. We examined individuals’ acceptance of these behaviors in relation to their attitudes toward rape victims and among men to rape proclivity. This initial work suggests that these constructs and measures may be useful to investigate in future research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ryan, Kathryn M. "The Relationship between Rape Myths and Sexual Scripts: The Social Construction of Rape." Sex Roles 65, no. 11-12 (July 12, 2011): 774–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-0033-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Littleton, Heather, Carmen Radecki Breitkopf, and Abbey B. Berenson. "Rape Scripts of Low-income European American and Latina Women." Sex Roles 56, no. 7-8 (March 21, 2007): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9189-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Clark, M. Diane, and Marjorie H. Carroll. "Acquaintance Rape Scripts of Women and Men: Similarities and Differences." Sex Roles 58, no. 9-10 (December 19, 2007): 616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9373-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Gurnham, David. "A Critique of Carceral Feminist Arguments on Rape Myths and Sexual Scripts." New Criminal Law Review 19, no. 2 (2016): 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2016.19.2.141.

Full text

Abstract:

Given the seriousness for both women and men of misunderstanding or miscategorising sexual victimization and coercion, scholarly engagement with this topic must be self-critical and careful about its methods and conclusions. This article seeks to test the plausibility and justifiability of some key claims made within feminist scholarship as regards the implications of the traditional sexual script and the prevalence and impact of the “real rape” myth. The criticisms offered below with respect to these claims identify three problems: (a) that evidence that would challenge carceral feminists’ framing of the traditional sexual script as essentially a blueprint for rape is either marginalized or excluded from consideration altogether; (b) that within that framing the scripted roles of the coercive male and the passive female who is victimized have been allowed to solidify into immovable and immutable stereotypes; (c) that studies purporting to show that rape myth acceptance is highly prevalent and influential on popular attitudes are flawed in ways hitherto not fully acknowledged or explored.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Levine, Ethan Czuy. "Sexual Scripts and Criminal Statutes: Gender Restrictions, Spousal Allowances, and Victim Accountability After Rape Law Reform." Violence Against Women 24, no. 3 (February 9, 2017): 322–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216687876.

Full text

Abstract:

The author provides a mixed-methods assessment of U.S. rape statutes to assess progress in reform. Contemporary statutes offer restrictive frameworks for distinguishing criminal from noncriminal sexual violence, many of which are grounded in gendered and heterosexist assumptions. Fourteen states retain gender restrictions in rape statutes. Twenty maintain marital distinctions that limit accountability for spousal rape. Furthermore, whereas explicit resistance requirements have been eliminated nationwide, implicit resistance expectations manifest through emphasis on physical force and involuntary intoxication. Analyses conclude with recommendations for further legal reform and a discussion of the potential for legislation to affect broader social perceptions of rape.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Littleton, Heather L., Danny Axsom, and Matthew Yoder. "Priming of Consensual and Nonconsensual Sexual Scripts: An Experimental Test of the Role of Scripts in Rape Attributions." Sex Roles 54, no. 7-8 (October 27, 2006): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9017-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Brown, Ryan P., Kiersten Baughman, and Mauricio Carvallo. "Culture, Masculine Honor, and Violence Toward Women." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 4 (December 14, 2017): 538–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167217744195.

Full text

Abstract:

Prior research has connected the cultural ideology of honor to intrasexual violence between men and to attitudes supporting intersexual aggression in response to perceived honor violations by female romantic partners. We extend this research to show that honor ideology is also associated with an increased likelihood of men actually engaging in violent and sexually coercive behaviors toward women. Extending previous research on honor-based schemas and scripts linked to relationship violence, comparisons between honor states and non–honor states in the United States show that official rape and domestic homicide rates by White male perpetrators (Study 1) and experiences of rape and violence in relationships anonymously reported by White female teenagers (Study 2) were higher in honor states, controlling for a variety of potential confounds. These results extend prior laboratory research on honor-based schemas and scripts into the realm of extreme, real-world behaviors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Littleton, Heather L., Danny Axsom, Carmen Radecki Breitkopf, and Abbey Berenson. "Rape Acknowledgment and Postassault Experiences: How Acknowledgment Status Relates to Disclosure, Coping, Worldview, and Reactions Received From Others." Violence and Victims 21, no. 6 (December 2006): 761–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.21.6.761.

Full text

Abstract:

Many rape victims are unacknowledged. These victims do not label their experience as rape; instead they give the experience a more benign label, such as a miscommunication. The current study examined the relationship between victims’ acknowledgment status and post-assault behaviors, moving beyond prior research. Analyses of covariance were conducted comparing the post-assault experiences of unacknowledged and acknowledged college rape victims (n = 256), controlling for differences in victims’ assault characteristics, multiple victimization, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Results supported that unacknowledged and acknowledged victims differed in their coping, disclosure, belief in justice, and receipt of egocentric reactions following disclosure. Implications for future work examining the dynamic interplay among assault characteristics, sexual scripts, acknowledgment status, and post-assault factors are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Stone, Katherine. "The mass rapes of 1945 in contemporary memory culture: The (gender) politics of metaphor and metonymy." European Journal of Cultural Studies 21, no. 6 (July 26, 2017): 707–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549417718207.

Full text

Abstract:

This article takes Jenny Erpenbeck’s provocative novel Heimsuchung as an opportunity to consider how the mass rape of German women in 1945 has functioned as a ‘mnemonic signifier’, that is, a symbolic figuration of broader memory discourses. Through a close reading of this work, I show that this mnemonic signifier often dovetails with cultural ‘rape scripts’ that determine whether and how sexual violence is addressed, recognized and understood. Exploring how wartime rape has been remembered thus opens up new perspectives on the social and political salience of memory. This article consequently addresses the need for a ‘mnemographic ethics’ that foregrounds the victims of historical violence and their experiential realities, matters that are all too easily suppressed or transfigured in processes of remembrance and interpretation. It argues that literature can offer a model for such a practice.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Boyle, Kaitlin M., and Jody Clay-Warner. "Shameful “Victims” and Angry “Survivors”: Emotion, Mental Health, and Labeling Sexual Assault." Violence and Victims 33, no. 3 (June 2018): 436–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.v33.i3.436.

Full text

Abstract:

Decades of research demonstrate that women frequently avoid the label “rape” when reflecting on nonconsensual sexual experiences. The current study focuses on self-labels to further understand the relationship between assault characteristics, emotion, mental health, and women’s labeling of sexual assault. We argue that emotions produced by various assault characteristics are important mechanisms for understanding self-labeling after a sexual assault. We draw from research on rape scripts and cultural discourses of victimhood, survivorhood, and emotion to examine labeling “rape” and self-labeling as a “victim” or “survivor” in an online survey of 138 undergraduate women at a southeastern university. Using a series of ordinal logistic regressions in which labels are regressed on emotions and measures of mental health, we find that the “victim” label is associated with shame and post-traumatic stress, while the “survivor” label is associated with anger and less depression.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Carroll, Marjorie H., and M. Diane Clark. "Men’s Acquaintance Rape Scripts: A Comparison Between a Regional University and a Military Academy." Sex Roles 55, no. 7-8 (November 28, 2006): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9102-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Depraetere, Joke, Christophe Vandeviver, Tom Vander Beken, and Ines Keygnaert. "Big Boys Don’t Cry: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of Male Sexual Victimization." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, no. 5 (December 16, 2018): 991–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018816979.

Full text

Abstract:

Sexual victimization is typically presented as a gender-based problem involving a female victim and a male offender. Science, policy, and society focus on female victims at the expense of male victims. Male sexual victimization is thus understudied compared with female sexual victimization. By performing a critical interpretive synthesis of research papers, policy documents, and gray literature ( N = 67) published in four electronic databases from January 2000 through September 2017, this article establishes the prevalence of male sexual victims and the causes that underlie the underrepresentation of this group in existing research and current policy. The prevalence rates of male sexual victims vary considerably, with up to 65% of men reporting sexual victimization. The underrepresentation of male victims was found to be rooted in prevailing gender roles and accepted sexual scripts in society, together with rape myths and stereotypical rape scripts. The former prescribes men as the dominant and sexually active gender. The latter denies male sexual victimization and frames women as “ideal victims.” Combined, these prevailing societal perceptions of men, male sexuality, and sexual victimization prevent men from self-identifying as victims and inhibit them from seeking help to cope with the adverse consequences of sexual victimization. Addressing the gender differences in sexual victimization requires societal and political changes that challenge prevailing stereotypical perceptions of sexual victims. Such changes could result in improved support services for male sexual victims.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Echo Dilus and Luluk Isani Kulup. "KETIDAKADILAN GENDER DALAM NASKAH DRAMA MATA ADIL MATA TAKDIR KARYA TOTENK MT RUSMAWAN." Buana Bastra 7, no. 1 (February 3, 2022): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/bastra.vol7.no1.a5044.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to describe gender injustice in the drama script Mata Adil Mata Takdir by Totenk MT Rusmawan. The theory used in this research is Fakih's theory which refers to gender injustice towards women as a support in his study. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method. Data collection techniques use words, sentences, and paragraphs. The technical analysis of the data used is reading, interpreting and concluding. The results of the research found in the drama script Mata Adil Mata Takdir there are gender injustices experienced by female characters by men contained in the drama script. Women leaders experience gender injustice by men in the form of job impoverishment, women 's numbering, and violence against women in terms of physical, psychological and rape violence. Conclusions in this study the forms of gender injustice in the lives of women leaders Gender differences have given birth to various injustices, both men and especially against women. injustice is a system and structure of both men and women become victims of the system. Suggestions in this research can be useful for the development of teaching Indonesian language and literature in understanding gender injustice contained in literary works, especially drama scripts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Turchik, Jessica A., Danielle R. Probst, Clinton R. Irvin, Minna Chau, and Christine A. Gidycz. "Prediction of sexual assault experiences in college women based on rape scripts: A prospective analysis." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 77, no. 2 (2009): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015157.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Turchik, Jessica A., Danielle R. Probst, Clinton R. Irvin, Minna Chau, and Christine A. Gidycz. "Prediction of sexual assault experiences in college women based on rape scripts: A prospective analysis." Psychology of Violence 1, S (2010): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/2152-0828.1.s.76.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Močnik, Nena. "Narrated Silence in Sexual Scripts of War Rape Survivors: Hidden Transmission of Violent Sexual Patterns." Sexuality & Culture 22, no. 4 (May 23, 2018): 1361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12119-018-9530-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Bletzer, Keith V., and Mary P. Koss. "Narrative Constructions of Sexual Violence as Told by Female Rape Survivors in Three Populations of the Southwestern United States: Scripts of Coercion, Scripts of Consent." Medical Anthropology 23, no. 2 (April 2004): 113–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740490448911.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Saunders, Edward. "Celebrity, Scriptedness and Alleged Sexual Violence in Ghost-Written Autobiographies by Julian Assange and Samantha Geimer." European Journal of Life Writing 4 (May 2, 2015): VC85—VC107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.4.159.

Full text

Abstract:

This article explores issues relating to the way scripts of sexual violence are employed or rejected in auto/biographical writing. It addresses ghost-written autobiographical responses to two famously unresolved cases of alleged male–female rape: those of Julian Assange and Roman Polanski. In both cases, the alleged perpetrator was a famous man and the allegation of rape has not conclusively been proven in court. The article looks at rape as a narratological problem beyond the definition or symbolic meaning of the crime, and contrasts the narration from the perspective of an alleged perpetrator (Assange) with that of a victim (Samantha Geimer), addressing the way the act of sexual violence becomes a point of orientation in the lives of both – perhaps disproportionately so. In both cases, the management of the autobiographical account through the use of ghost-writers focuses attention on the constructed nature of the life narrative. In cases relating to famous men, reflecting the impact of media reporting is a necessary counterpart to the consideration of the auto/biographical text. This article was submitted to the European Journal of Life Writing on 7 July 2014 and published on 2 May 2015.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Guarinos, Virginia, and Inmaculada Sánchez-Labella Martín. "Masculinity and Rape in Spanish Cinema: Representation and Collective Imaginary." Masculinities & Social Change 10, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/mcs.2021.5608.

Full text

Abstract:

Commercial cinema in Spain, as in the rest of the world, has gone to great lengths to describe visually, without any intention of protest, each and every one of the forms of violence against women: physical, psychological, financial, social and, lastly, sexual. Beyond insinuating and intimidating compliments and gazes, sexual violence is something that is excepted in scripts, even in those of famous directors who create powerful female characters. The aim of this paper is to know how the Spanish directors, of both sexes, represent the topic of sexual violence, paying attention to the masculinity of the characters. To this end, a content analysis was performed on twelve films from a narrative perspective. In a second stage, employing methodological triangulation and a questionnaire as a quantitative tool, university students were asked about how they perceived the scenes of sexual violence in these films. The results show, on one side, that rape is the act of sexual violence more represented and, on the other hand, a lack of awareness about the treatment of rape in Spanish cinema, as well as its rejection by young audiences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Hust, Stacey J. T., Kathleen Boyce Rodgers, Stephanie Ebreo, and Whitney Stefani. "Rape Myth Acceptance, Efficacy, and Heterosexual Scripts in Men’s Magazines: Factors Associated With Intentions to Sexually Coerce or Intervene." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 8 (June 12, 2016): 1703–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516653752.

Full text

Abstract:

Sexual coercion has gained researchers’ attention as an underreported form of sexual abuse or harm. The percentage of male and female college students who reported engaging in sexual coercion was as high as 82% for verbally coercive behaviors over the course of a year. Guided by heterosexual scripting theory and the integrated model of behavioral prediction, we examine potential factors associated with college students’ intentions to sexually coerce or to intervene when friends plan to sexually coerce (bystander intention). Factors included young college students’ beliefs about rape myth acceptance, perceived norms, efficacy to reduce sexual-assault risk, and exposure to men’s and women’s magazines. As predicted, results indicate rape myth acceptance was positively associated with intentions to sexually coerce, and negatively associated with bystander intentions to intervene. Students’ efficacy to reduce sexual-assault risk was negatively associated with intentions to sexually coerce, and positively associated with bystander intentions. Exposure to the heterosexual scripts in men’s magazines, which connect sexual prowess to masculinity, was associated with intentions to sexually coerce. Exposure to magazines was not associated with bystander intentions to intervene. Overall, an understanding of the independent contribution of these factors toward sexual coercion and intervention has implications for dating violence prevention programming.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Carroll, Marjorie H., Lisa M. Korenman, and Judith E. Rosenstein. "Does Sex of the Victim Matter? A Comparison of Rape Scripts Involving a Male or Female Victim." Violence and Gender 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vio.2018.0040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ellison, Louise, and Vanessa E. Munro. "Of ‘Normal Sex’ and ‘Real Rape’: Exploring The Use of Socio-Sexual Scripts in (Mock) Jury Deliberation." Social & Legal Studies 18, no. 3 (September 2009): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663909339083.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Littleton, Heather, Holly Tabernik, Erika J. Canales, and Tamika Backstrom. "Risky Situation or Harmless Fun? A Qualitative Examination of College Women’s Bad Hook-up and Rape Scripts." Sex Roles 60, no. 11-12 (January 27, 2009): 793–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9586-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Dayan, Fazli, Mian Muhammad Sheraz, Muhammad Riaz Mahmood, Abu Kholdun Al Mahmood, and Sharmin Islam. "A Medico-legal Perspective on the Termination of Pregnancies Resulting from Wartime-Rape." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 19, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v19i3.45852.

Full text

Abstract:

The study is designed to investigate the issue of abortion for rape-victims to draw the attentions of Islamic clerics in order to appraise consciousness and outlook of legal edicts within constrain of Islamic bio-medical and bio-ethical norms. For this purpose, a number of Islamic treatises are systematically examined, and a cross-cultural along with a cross-country assessment of 47 countries abortion laws particularly ‘Muslim-majority’ (OIC member) countries are conducted to assess the momentous impacts on rape-victims. Additionally, contemporary data i.e. legal edicts and various reported rape/adultery cases in different Islamic countries are analyzed with special reference to the circumstances in which the verdicts are issued. The study asserts that mostly the classical and contemporary literature silent on the cited issue except few of the legal edicts. Although, Islamic lit and scripts including bio-medical and bio-ethical has discussed it in general way. As a result, the rape victims appeared that they may be allowed termination of unwanted fetus due to coerced sexual relation. But, whether in preview of, some of the legal edicts which causes intricacy, the state laws, rules and more particularly the religious and cultural aspects may allow this kind of deliberation? A predominantly conventional approach was found, since 18 out of 47 countries do not allow abortion except for necessity. Less than 50% of OIC members legally permit abortion on medical grounds. Nevertheless, there was a substantial diversity between Muslim countries. Albeit, a multidimensional viewpoint is very important due to the consequential psychiatric and social problems, since there is an immense need to provide real solutions to such cases that would not contradict Islamic bioethical principles. Therefore, termination of rape resulting pregnancies may be declared valid, provided with specific conditions and guidelines as per Shariah keeping in view bio-medical and bio-ethical norms. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(3) 2020 p.372-385

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Zack, Emma, John T. Lang, and Danielle Dirks. "“It must be great being a female pedophile!”: The nature of public perceptions about female teacher sex offenders." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 14, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659016674044.

Full text

Abstract:

Although female sex offenders have received increased scholarly attention in recent years, and have also gained widespread media attention, minimal research has focused specifically on public perceptions of their behavior. This study explores the nature of public perceptions of a group of offenders on which the media often focus—female teachers who assault adolescent male students—by examining reader comments posted on five Huffington Post articles published from November 2010 to November 2013. Using a thematic coding methodology to analyze over 900 online comments, we found that most comments recognize a current double standard in the sentencing process for female teacher sex offenders compared to their male counterparts. Comments also rely on traditional sexual scripts and/or gender role expectations to either acknowledge or deny a victim’s presence. Contrary to existing research that examined public perceptions and found that more punitive attitudes were expressed toward male sex offenders, these results suggest that the public believes in equality in sentencing for all sex offenders, regardless of gender. These results also confirm prior studies that find that the public perceives adolescent male victims of rape by older women “lucky.”

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Dumbili, Emeka W., and Clare Williams. "“If She Refuses to Have Sex With You, Just Make Her Tipsy”: A Qualitative Study Exploring Alcohol-Facilitated Sexual Violence Against Nigerian Female Students." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 17-18 (May 18, 2017): 3355–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517708761.

Full text

Abstract:

Most research on alcohol consumption and related sexual violence focuses on Western societies. Drawing on traditional masculinity scripts, this article contributes to the culturally specific understanding of how Nigerian sociocultural constructions of alcohol consumption facilitate sexual violence against women. In-depth interviews were conducted with 31 male and female undergraduate students (aged 19-23 years), exploring how the gendering of alcoholic beverages facilitates men’s perpetration of sexual violence against women in a Nigerian university. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo 10 software. Men were found to exclude women from consuming beer, which they described as “inappropriate” feminine behavior, confining them to drinking sweetened/flavored alcoholic beverages. To maintain a notion of “respectable” femininity, women consumed these drinks, but this created gender-specific risks. In comparison with beer, sweetened alcoholic beverages have a higher alcohol content, which many of the men were aware of, unlike the women interviewed. Some men admitted buying such drinks for women, pressuring them to drink above their limits and raping them when they were inebriated. Public health interventions that focus on the deep-seated gendered consumption rituals anchored in patriarchal beliefs, the commodification of women’s bodies, and the stigmatization of rape victims should be pursued more vigorously in Nigeria and other non-Western societies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Schulz, Philipp, and Heleen Touquet. "Queering explanatory frameworks for wartime sexual violence against men." International Affairs 96, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 1169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa062.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In this article we argue that prevalent explanatory frameworks of sexual violence against men primarily pursue one line of inquiry, explaining its occurrence as exclusively strategic and systematic, based on heteronormative and homophobic assumptions about violence, gender and sexualities. Feminist IR scholarship has significantly complexified our understanding of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV), documenting its multiple forms and causes across time and space—thereby moving beyond the persistent opportunism-strategy dichotomy and critically engaging with the dominant ‘rape as a weapon of war’ narrative. Drawing on empirical material from Sri Lanka and northern Uganda we queer the current explanatory frameworks, analyzing multiple instances of CRSV against men that both simultaneously seem to confirm and defy categorizations as opportunistic or strategic, while being situated in broader and systematic warfare dynamics and unequal power-relationships. Our empirical material shows that relying on crude categorizations such as the opportunism–strategy binary is unproductive and essentialist, as it tends to mask over the complexities and messiness of deeply gendered power relationships during times of war. Binary strategy/opportunism categorizations also imply broader unintended political consequences, including the further marginalization of sexual violence acts that fall outside the dominant scripts or binary frameworks—such as sexual violence against men with opportunistic underpinnings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ben-Youssef, Fareed. "The Birth and Death of a Professional Wrestling Alter-Ego: Takahara Hidekazu’s Gamushara and the Loss of a Transgressive Identity." Japanese Language and Literature 53, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 203–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jll.2019.80.

Full text

Abstract:

Japanese filmmaker Takahara Hidekazu's film Gamushara (2015), portrays joshi puroresu (female professional wrestling) star Yasukawa Act working through the trauma of sexual abuse through the spectacular world of professional wrestling. Shortly before the film’s release, Yasukawa was involved in what the Japanese media labeled the "Ghastly Match," wherein she had her orbital bone shattered in the ring. Takahara followed Yasukawa over the course of a year, tracking her recovery as well as her sudden retirement due to injury. The ensuing long form documentary was included on the film’s home video release and offers a unique portrait of a woman holding on to her spectacular, transgressive identity before letting it die. The cycle offers a portrait of the birth and death of an identity, built upon the receiving and inflicting of violence, at the point of healing and asks: what strength is lost within this process? What freedom is gained at the loss of an alter-ego defined by a transgressive femininity? In answering such questions, it frames the potential hold of the audience on a transgressive in-ring persona—a metaphorical wrestling match that pits viewer against artist—while revealing the difficulties for a woman working to change and overcome the ‘script’ that governs her in-ring performances and shades her traumas.The article frames Yasukawa’s growing alienation from her selves through close formal analysis of the films, interviews with the filmmaking team and fellow wrestlers, and a theoretical framework that combines studies on recovery from trauma with those detailing the transgressive possibility of wrestling and its structuring dichotomy between the fake and the real. It positions the film against previous representations of joshi puroresu in cinema to track the shifting gender politics of the form as it has come to be appreciated by a largely male audience as well as against Takahara’s previous self-critical pornographic Pink Films. Such comparisons underline how Yasukawa’s feminine transgression exists within a fraught and muddled setting often shaped by a male gaze. To consider the possibilities and limits of Yasukawa’s multivalent transgression of both gender and identity norms as well as the operating scripts of professional wrestling and trauma, the article also engages with gender scholar Sharon Marcus’ writing on how the rape script might be transcended via the development of a woman’s capacity for violence.Through such a critical prism, Takahara’s Gamushara cycle ultimately emerges as a vital and crucially murky documentary series for gender and media scholars concerned with the tensions of identity formation within spaces of spectacle wherein one’s performed screams might mask one’s real cries for help.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Murtagh, G. J., P. S. Dyer, P. C. McClure, and P. D. Crittenden. "Use of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna Markers as a Tool to Study Variation in Lichen-Forming Fungi." Lichenologist 31, no. 3 (May 1999): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1998.0198.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA protocol is described to enable the production of reliable genetic fingerprints of lichen-forming fungi using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Key features of the method are the use of mycobiont DNA extracted from axenic cultures by a phenol-chloroform procedure, and PCR amplification using DyNAzyme II DNA polymerase. RAPD-PCR fingerprints of Graphis scripta, G. elegans and Phacographis dendritica were successfully generated using this protocol and individual isolates could be identified on the basis of differences in banding patterns produced. DNA extracted from whole thalli of G. scripia was also subjected to RAPD-PCR but the fingerprints produced differed from those given by axenic cultures of the mycobiont. Therefore difficulties of interpretation may arise when whole thalli are used in RAPD analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Albedil, Margarita F. "“If One Human Mind Has Come up with Something, Then Another Can Unravel It”. On the Centenary of the Birth of Yu.V. Knorozov." Chelovek 33, no. 5 (2022): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s023620070022796-2.

Full text

Abstract:

The article deals with the scientific heritage of the great Russian scientist Yuri Valentinovich Knorozov (1922–1999). He is best known as the decipherer of the script of the ancient Maya Indians, who created one of the most distinctive civilizations of pre-Columbian America. This landmark discovery brought the scientist well-deserved glory and fame. Now his name is forever inscribed in the annals of domestic and world science. But the range of Knorozov's scientific interests and research was not limited to this topic. The scientist fearlessly took on difficult tasks, he believed that there were no unsolvable problems, it was only necessary to choose the right path of research. And he found such ways, relying on his encyclopedic knowledge, the intuition of a scientist and titanic efficiency. Knorozov studied different historical writing systems, which he considered as complex semiotic systems, perceiving them as a secondary code in relation to the language. Among them are the Proto-Indian script, the Easter Island script Kohau Rongo-Rongo, the Khitan script, the ancient Andean script, and the Ainu pictography. In his research, the scientist relied on the theoretical and methodological base he created in the process of deciphering the Mayan script. In fact, Knorozov built a general theory of decipherment, which is important for the study of any writing system. The scientist's interests also included theoretical problems, because the study of historical scripts was one of the particular tasks in the general problem of studying sign systems. This article discusses four areas of Yu.V. Knorozov's work: the decipherment of the Mayan script, the study of Proto-Indian texts, the Rapa Nui script Kohau Rongo-Rongo, and the Ainu pictography. The purpose of the article is to recreate some features of the multifaceted image of a ingenious scientist.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Benczik, Vera. "Gendered Quest in Recent Hungarian Fantasy Films." Hungarian Cultural Studies 12 (August 1, 2019): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2019.365.

Full text

Abstract:

Although the fantastic in print looks back upon a tradition of commenting on issues of race and gender, films that use the mode tend to be more conservative in their approach to subverting the patriarchal script, that is, the tendency of patriarchal society prescribing certain normative behaviors based on gender while punishing deviations from these norms. While this is especially true for blockbuster movies, independent filmmaking has come to appreciate the subversive potential of fantasy. The present study will scrutinize the fantastic as a storytelling mechanism in recent Hungarian cinema, with special emphasis on the uses of the quest formula and its intersections with gender scripts in the films Hurok [‘Loop’] (2016), and Liza, a rókatündér [‘Liza, the Fox-Fairy’] (2015).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Rachel Loney-Howes. "Shifting the Rape Script: “Coming Out” Online as a Rape Victim." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 39, no. 2 (2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5250/fronjwomestud.39.2.0026.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Murphy, Caryn. "Network television writers and the ‘race problems’ of 1968." Journal of Screenwriting 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/josc_00006_1.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the development of television scripts in the crime drama genre within the context of US commercial broadcasting in the network era. In 1968, public discourse around race relations, civil rights and violence reached a height following the assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr and Robert F. Kennedy, and the release of a government study on urban uprisings by the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. Ironside (1967‐75, NBC) and N.Y.P.D. (1967‐69, ABC) are two crime dramas that drew on recent events related to black militants and white supremacy in order to appeal to viewers with socially relevant entertainment during this time. The archival records of screenwriters Sy Salkowitz and Lonne Elder make it possible to trace the development of one episode from each series over the course of multiple drafts. This analysis of the script development process explores the relationship between public discourse, industrial context, commercial agendas and creative priorities. Ironside and N.Y.P.D. are both crime dramas, but an examination of both series yields points of divergence which help to illustrate the norms of the network system in terms of act structure, genre tropes, and the oversight of standards and practices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Stern, Erika. "The race script of the counsellor." International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 10, no. 1 (1987): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00116169.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Rambe, Sri Astuti, and Asnani Asnani. "RACE DISCRIMINATION IN TONY KUSHNER’S MOVIE SCRIPT LINCOLN." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE 3, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/jol.v3i2.4551.

Full text

Abstract:

This research is concerned with the race discrimination in Tony Kushner’s movie script Lincoln. A story of four months of struggle of Lincoln and the Republican party and its supporters to pass the 13th amendment which formally abolished slavery in the United States passing the Senate on April 8, 1864, and the House on January 31, 1865 and approved by President Abraham Lincoln on February 1, 1865. The analysis focuses on the types of race discrimination: the direct and the indirect of race discrimination and the negative impacts of race discrimination adopted from Liliweri. This research used descriptive qualitative research. The one adopted in the research is proposed by Khotari and Bogdan Taylor. The finding shows that the direct race discrimination is an act of limiting a job based on race. It comes from black soldiers. There is also a tendency to discriminate between groups and beliefs with human law itself. The negative impacts of race discrimination are slavery and civil war. Furthermore, race discrimination also causes heavy casualties between whites and blacks by taking over place the territories of the minority.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Mazurok, Katherine. "Universally Particular: The Garneau Sisterhood's Challenge to the Rape Script." Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 22, no. 2 (October 2010): 463–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.22.2.463.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Harris, Anthony R. "Gender and Race in the Theory of Deviant Type-Scripts." Sociological Inquiry 63, no. 2 (April 1993): 166–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.1993.tb00302.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Hamrin-Dahl, Tina. "Witch accusations, rapes and burnings in South Africa." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 18 (January 1, 2003): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67282.

Full text

Abstract:

With new different power systems in Africa, the whole concept of learning, authority and power is affected. To have authority means in many cases to have inherent power which exceeds the power of others. So called wizards,wachawi, in Tanzania have been found guilty of killing their victims and taking parts from the bodies to obtain and secure power.The basic ingredients in the medicines which the wachawi use consists of elements taken from the human body on one hand and parts from animals and trees on the other hand. The parts of the body which are obtainable easily are nails, hair and emission of the body. The shadow of a person is also utilized by taking some of the soil over which the shadow had fallen. Other potent parts such as the sex organs, bone from legs or skin from different parts of the body and the nose or tongue are known to be utilized by the wachawi.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Bailey, Alison. "Locating Traitorous Identities: Toward a View of Privilege-Cognizant White Character." Hypatia 13, no. 3 (1998): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1998.tb01368.x.

Full text

Abstract:

I address the problem of how to locate “traitorous” subjects, or those who belong to dominant groups yet resist the usual assumptions and practices of those groups. I argue that Sandra Harding's description of traitors as insiders, who “become marginal” is misleading. Crafting a distinction between “privilege-cognizant” and “privilege-evasive” white scripts, I offer an alternative account of race traitors as privilege-cognizant whites who refuse to animate expected whitely scripts, and who are unfaithful to worldviews whites are expected to hold.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Yosso, Tara J. "Critical Race Media Literacy for These Urgent Times." International Journal of Multicultural Education 22, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v22i2.2685.

Full text

Abstract:

Tara J. Yosso reflects on the genealogies of her research on visual microaggressions and the future directions for critical race media literacy scholarship. She identifies a need for sustained attention in three areas: (1) intentionality of racial imagery, and recognition of media as pedagogy; (2) the role of history and the continuities of racial scripts applied against different groups; and (3) contestations of the White supremacist project across generations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Peterson, Zoë D., and Charlene L. Muehlenhard. "A Match-and-Motivation Model of How Women Label Their Nonconsensual Sexual Experiences." Psychology of Women Quarterly 35, no. 4 (November 11, 2011): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684311410210.

Full text

Abstract:

Many rape victims are unacknowledged rape victims—they report an experience meeting researchers’ operational definitions of rape but do not label their experience as rape. The purpose of this study was to investigate women’s decisions about whether to label their experiences as rape. Participants were 77 college women (predominantly White; mean age = 19.23) who had experienced rape according to the study’s operational definition. The researchers used open-ended questionnaires and interviews to explore participants’ explanations for labeling or not labeling their experience as rape. Explanations were related to match—whether the incident matched their rape script (e.g., whether the man fit their image of a rapist; whether they fought back)—and to motivation—the perceived consequences of using the label (e.g., discomfort with thinking of the perpetrator as a rapist; feeling less self-blame vs. feeling less control or more traumatized). Over time, participants were more likely to label their experience as rape. Results suggested that individuals differ in the meanings that they ascribe to the label rape. For some individuals, labeling their experience as rape may be adaptive; for others, it may be unhelpful or even harmful. Researchers, clinicians, and advocates should use caution in imposing their own preferred labels on other women’s experiences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Sullivan, Shannon. "Raced and Gendered Scripts in Public Backlash against Critical Philosophers of Race." Philosophy Today 62, no. 4 (2018): 1249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday2018624248.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Rape scripts'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles