Journal articles on the topic 'Rape profile'
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1
Coulter, Kristine, and David S. Meyer. "High profile rape trials and policy advocacy." Journal of Public Policy 35, no. 1 (June 23, 2014): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x1400018x.
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AbstractActivists try to use high profile trials to advance their political agendas, and we want to understand why they occasionally succeed in promoting policy reforms. We begin by reviewing literature on agenda setting and social problem construction, conceptualising high profile trials as “focusing events” that offer activists a chance to advance their definitions and remedies for particular social problems. We next outline the feminist movement against sexual violence as a useful example of activists trying to use trials for their own political purposes. Using events data from theNew York Timesand the secondary treatment of 13 high profile trials from 1960 to 1997, we examine factors that help or hinder activists’ efforts to use a trial to forward their cause. We see that both the nature of the trial and the political context surrounding it affect the likelihood that a movement gains control of its meaning and secures policy reform.
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Labianca, Dominick A. "Rohypnol: Profile of the "Date-Rape Drug"." Journal of Chemical Education 75, no. 6 (June 1998): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed075p719.
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Wright, Lauren E., Thomas Vander Ven, and Clara Fesmire. "American Serial Rape, 1940–2010." Criminal Justice Review 41, no. 4 (October 7, 2016): 446–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016816670458.
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Little is known about the social correlates of serial rape or about trends in offending across time and space in the United States. Furthermore, the limited serial rape scholarship that exists was largely generalized from small, captive samples. The current study aims to amplify our understanding of serial rape by pursuing three fundamental objectives. First, guided by theory and research we propose a new, more precise, and comprehensive conceptualization of serial rape. Next, we draw from media representations of serial rape published in five major American newspapers from 1940 to 2010 to develop an offender social profile and to identify patterns in attack style. Our analysis of a broad and diverse sample of serial offenders described in media accounts ( N = 1,037) produced the following profile estimates—age: 27 years; race/ethnicity: African American, 46%; Caucasian, 29%; Latino, 19%; Asian, 5%. Most offenders were employed in unskilled or semiskilled occupations and the most common attack strategy was the surprise approach (47%). Finally, our data allow us to estimate and interpret historical trends as depicted in media accounts. Our analysis revealed low levels of serial rape in newspaper accounts during the 1940s to 1950s, followed by a steady increase (with periodic decreases) leading to a peak in 1991. This peak is followed by a steady and dramatic decline from 1992 to 2010.
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Bello, M., and M. Pather. "Profile of rape victims attending the Karl Bremer Hospital Rape Centre, Tygerberg, Cape Town." South African Family Practice 50, no. 6 (November 2008): 46–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2008.10873784.
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Krédl, Zdeněk, T. Středa, R. Pokorný, M. Kmoch, and J. Brotan. "Microclimate in the vertical profile of wheat, rape and maize canopies." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 1 (2012): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260010079.
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The differences of air temperature and relative air humidity in wheat, rape and maize canopies at three heights (ground level, effective canopy height and 2 meters above the soil surface), and their comparison with the temperature values of the nearest standard climatological station at the height of 2 meters were studied. The microclimatic data were obtained at the field trial station of the Mendel University in Brno in the Žabčice municipality (South Moravia) in the canopies of winter wheat, winter rape and maize and from the standard climatological station located immediately next to the canopies. It was found, that wheat, rape and maize canopies microclimate differed significantly from those of their surrounding environments. The temperature was usually lower in the ground level and effective height in the wheat and rape stands, air humidity was usually higher in these crops. On the other hand, maize canopies had diverse air temperature values during the studied period.
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RESNICK, HEIDI S., RACHEL YEHUDA, and RON ACIERNO. "Acute Post-Rape Plasma Cortisol, Alcohol Use, and PTSD Symptom Profile among Recent Rape Victims." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 821, no. 1 Psychobiology (June 1997): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48298.x.
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Rutherford, Alexandra. "Surveying rape." History of the Human Sciences 30, no. 4 (September 26, 2017): 100–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695117722715.
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College campus-based surveys of sexual assault in the United States have generated one of the most high-profile and contentious figures in the history of social science: the ‘1 in 5’ statistic. Referring to the number of women who have experienced either attempted or completed sexual assault since their time in college, ‘1 in 5’ has done significant work in making the prevalence of this experience legible to the public and to policy-makers. Here I examine how sexual assault surveys have participated in structuring the ontology of date/acquaintance rape from the 1980s to today. I review the foundational work of feminist social scientists Diana Russell and Mary Koss, with particular attention to the methodological practices through which the concept of the ‘hidden’ or ‘unacknowledged’ rape victim emerged. I then examine a selection of early 21st-century sexual assault surveys and highlight the ongoing preoccupation with survey methodology in responses to their results. I argue that the survey itself has been a central actor in the ontological politics of sexual assault, and only by closely attending to its performativity can we understand the paradoxical persistence both of critical responses to the ‘1 in 5’ statistic and of its effective deployment in anti-violence policy.
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Keim, Juan P., Mónica Gandarillas, Daniel Benavides, Jaime Cabanilla, Rubén G. Pulido, Oscar A. Balocchi, and Annick Bertrand. "Nutrient concentrations and profile of non-structural carbohydrates vary among different Brassica forages." Animal Production Science 60, no. 12 (2020): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19472.
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Context Brassica forages are used in times of seasonal shortage to fulfil nutritional requirements of beef cattle, dairy cows, sheep or pigs. Although brassicas have been reported with high concentrations of readily fermentable carbohydrate, details have not been fully described and there is little information about the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) profiles of Brassica forages. Aim The study was designed to evaluate nutrient concentrations, as well as NSC levels and constituents, of the main Brassica forages and to determine differences among varieties. Methods Five varieties of each of the four main forage brassicas (summer turnip, forage rape, kale and swede) were grown in plots and harvested for chemical analysis of the nutrient concentrations and NSC profiles of leaf and bulb (turnip and swede) and leaf and stem (rape and kale) components. Key results Brassica species differed in the amounts and types of NSC; swede had the highest concentration of NSC, mainly comprising sugars (glucose and fructose), followed by kale (with similar proportions of glucose, sucrose and fructose), turnip (with similar concentrations of glucose and starch and slightly lower fructose), and forage rape (in which starch was the main NSC). Forage chemical composition and NSC profile of plant organs varied among varieties of individual Brassica forages; for example, there were significant differences among swede varieties for concentrations of starch and sugar (total and profile) in bulbs. Conclusions Brassica forages differed with respect to quantities and types of NSC; swede had higher concentrations, mainly composed of glucose and fructose, followed by kale with similar proportions of glucose, sucrose and fructose, and turnip with NSC represented by glucose, starch and slightly lower fructose; and finally, forage rape, in which starch was the main NSC. Chemical composition, as well as NSC profile of plant organs (leaves, bulbs or stems), varied among varieties of Brassica species. Implications The approach described here has implications for ration formulation and is useful when considering the nutritional and dietary requirements of the animals of interest, because the type of Brassica, the variety and the proportion of plant organs can affect animal performance.
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Burczyk, Katherine, and Lionel Standing. "ATTITUDES TOWARDS RAPE VICTIMS: EFFECTS OF VICTIM STATUS, SEX OF VICTIM, AND SEX OF RATER." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1989.17.1.1.
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Attitudes towards rape victims were investigated as a function of the rater's sex, the rated individual's sex, and victim versus non-victim status. Student subjects (72 male, 72 female) were given a disguised questionnaire, and required to rate a profiled person (John' or `Carol on 12 evaluative traits (both positive and negative) using a 7-point scale, under male profile/female profile and victim/non-victim conditions. The subjects also rated themselves on 60 sex role traits, using the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Finally, they indicated briefly their perception of the major influence controlling the rated individual's life situation. The results showed three main trends: (1) a `sympathy effect' (i.e. more positive rating of the profiled person) occurred for female victims, with both male and female raters; (2) masculine and undifferentiated raters showed a sympathy effect whereas feminine and androgynous subjects did not; (3) victims were attributed an internal locus of causality significantly more often than were non-victims, especially by male raters.
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Lea, S. J. "Attrition in Rape Cases. Developing a Profile and Identifying Relevant Factors." British Journal of Criminology 43, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 583–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/43.3.583.
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Lea, S. J. "Attrition in Rape Cases. Developing a Profile and Identifying Relevant Factors." British Journal of Criminology 43, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 583–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azg583.
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Pinkerton, A., and JR Simpson. "Responses of some crop plants to correction of subsoil acidity." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 1 (1986): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860107.
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The effects of subsoil acidity and lime incorporation on plant growth were examined for several crop species (wheat, rape, lucerne and phalaris) growing in reconstituted soil profiles. The pH levels of the profiles had been differentially lowered because they had been under improved subterranean clover pastures for various periods up to 55 years. Acidities in the upper layers differed by at least one pH unit and the depth of the acidified horizons reached 60 cm in the most severely affected soil. All species showed good root growth in soil from 'unimproved' native pasture. Root growth was much poorer in the more acid profiles, particularly between 10- and 40-cm depths, where CaCl2-extractable aluminium was high (> 6 �g g-1). Liming throughout the profile reduced exchangeable aluminium (to about 1 �gg-1) and increased root lengths in the most acid profile by about 60% (0-40 cm depth), so that root lengths then approached those in the 'unimproved' soil. Liming increased shoot yields of all crops except phalaris. The increase was greatest for lucerne (400%), with smaller increases for wheat (39%) and rape (26%). Liming the surface horizon (0- 10 cm) had little effect on most species, but substantially improved root length and shoot yield of lucerne (75 and 300% respectively). The agronomic implications of these findings in crop establishment and drought resistance on acidified soils are discussed.
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Calitz, F. J. W., Loube De Ridder, Nandi Gericke, Anmarie Pretorius, Jaco Smit, and Gina Joubert. "Profile of rape victims referred by the court to the Free State Psychiatric Complex, 2003 - 2009." South African Journal of Psychiatry 20, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v20i1.459.
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<p><strong>Background.</strong> The psychological evaluation of rape victims to determine their competency to testify in court and whether they are capable of consenting to sexual intercourse is challenging, especially when the rape victim is mentally retarded.</p><p><strong>Objective.</strong> To describe the profile of mentally retarded rape victims referred to the Free State Psychiatric Complex (FSPC) in Bloemfontein from 2003 to 2009.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> A descriptive retrospective study was conducted. The study consisted of 137 rape victims referred by the court to the FSPC for psychological evaluation from 2003 to 2009. Patient files were used to obtain information.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> The majority of individuals (<em>n</em>=129; 94.2%) in the cohort were female. The mean age of the participants was 19 years (range 3 - 52). The number of victims evaluated increased from four in 2003 to 36 in 2009. Most participants were diagnosed with moderate (67.2%), followed by severe (18.3%) and mild (14.6%) mental retardation. Only two of the victims were able to give legal consent to sexual intercourse. Only one participant was able to testify in a court of law. A noteworthy finding was that in only 25 (18.2%) cases, a clinical psychologist was subpoenaed to testify in court.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The vast majority of mentally retarded rape victims in our cohort, regardless of their level of intellectual functioning, were not able to testify in court and were not able to give informed consent to sexual intercourse.</p>
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Kemper, Roman, Tábata A. Bublitz, Phillip Müller, Timo Kautz, Thomas F. Döring, and Miriam Athmann. "Vertical Root Distribution of Different Cover Crops Determined with the Profile Wall Method." Agriculture 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110503.
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Many benefits of cover crops such as prevention of nitrate leaching, erosion reduction, soil organic carbon enhancement and improvement of soil structure are associated with roots. However, including root characteristics as a criterion for cover crop selection requires more knowledge on their root growth dynamics. Seven cover crop species (crimson clover, winter rye, bristle oats, blue lupin, oil radish, winter turnip rape and phacelia) were grown in a two-year organically managed field experiment in Germany to screen them for root intensity and vertical root distribution. Root length density (RLD) and proportion of root length in large-sized biopores were determined before and after winter with the profile wall method. RLD and cumulative root length were analysed using a three-parameter logistic function, and a logistic dose-response function, respectively. Fibrous rooted winter rye and crimson clover showed high RLD in topsoil and had a shallow cumulative root distribution. Their RLD increased further during winter in topsoil and subsoil. The crops with the highest RLD in the subsoil were taprooted oil radish, winter turnip rape and phacelia. Bristle oat had intermediate features. Blue lupin had low RLD in topsoil and subsoil. Phacelia, oil radish, winter turnip rape and bristle oat showed the highest share of root length in biopores. These complementary root characteristics suggest that combining cover crops of different root types in intercropping may be used to enhance overall RLD for maximizing cover crop benefits.
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Kim, Kihyun, Bee Ryou, Jihyeon Choi, and Jae-Won Kim. "Profile Analysis of Sexual Assault Experiences among Adult Women and Their Implications for Mental Health." Psychiatry Investigation 18, no. 4 (April 25, 2021): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0141.
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Objective Extant studies indicate that just one characteristic of sexual assault cannot properly represent the whole experience of sexual assault and, especially, the severity of sexual assault. This study aimed to understand the totality of sexual assault experiences and elucidate subtypes of sexual assault victims based on the detailed characteristics of their sexual assault experiences and those relationships with mental health.Methods A total of 255 adult sexual violence victims who used intervention services and a comparison group were included. Information on their sexual assault experiences was gleaned from case records data.Results The following four distinctive profile groups were identified: “Sexual Touching” (19.6%), “Rape/Social Relation” (30.4%), “Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)” (18.8%), and “Rape/Stranger” (31.3%). The subgroups differed in terms of secondary victimization and adverse childhood experiences. The Rape/Social Relation and IPV subgroups most frequently experienced secondary victimization and childhood adversity. The four profile subgroups demonstrated different relationships with mental health outcomes, with a complicated pattern. The Rap/Social Relation and IPV subgroups scored higher on mental health problem screening measures compared to other groups. However, a considerable proportion of victims in the Sexual Touching subgroup also reported suicidal behaviors and self-injury.Conclusion Based on the results, theoretical and clinical implications were discussed.
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Weselake, R. J., M. K. Pomeroy, T. L. Furukawa, J. L. Golden, D. B. Little, and A. Laroche. "Developmental Profile of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase in Maturing Seeds of Oilseed Rape and Safflower and Microspore-Derived Cultures of Oilseed Rape." Plant Physiology 102, no. 2 (June 1, 1993): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.102.2.565.
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Silva, Gustavo Correia Basto da, Waleska Fernanda Souto Nóbrega, Francisco Fernandes Abel Mangueira, Zacchia Hayvolla Fernandes Marinho de Araújo, Osires De Medeiros Melo Neto, Ricardo Alves de Olinda, and Alessandro Leite Cavalcanti. "The Epidemiological Profile of Sexual Violence Notifications in the Capitals of the Northeast of Brazil: An Ecologic Time Series." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss11.2767.
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This study aimed at outlining the epidemiological profile of the notifications of sexual violence in the capitals of the Northeast of Brazil. It is a descriptive, analytical, and ecological study, made with the information about sexual violence recorded at SINAN (the Information System of Health Problem Notifications). The nine capital cities of the Northeast of the country were selected, and data from them was analyzed from 2012 to 2014. The depending variables were notifications of sexual violence and rape. Independent variables included sex, age group, educational level, and race. For a statistical analysis, the Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used when the expected frequencies were below 5. The statistical treatment of variables was done using the R software. Regarding the results, 6811 sexual violence cases were notified in the capitals. Most of them took place in Recife (31.2%), Teresina (16.5%), and Aracaju (13.3%). In most cases, the victims were females, children or adolescents, and brown. Most victims had less than eight years of study. The city with the most notifications of rape was Recife. The results show the association between socioeconomic factors and sexual violence, outlining a profile of the victims of this type of violence in the capitals of the Brazilian Northeast. A high prevalence of sexual violence was found in the investigated cities.
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Huang, Tianpei, Xiaomin Yu, Ivan Gelbič, and Xiong Guan. "RAP-PCR fingerprinting reveals time-dependent expression of development-related genes following differentiation process of Bacillus thuringiensis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 9 (September 2015): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0212.
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Gene expression profiles are important data to reveal the functions of genes putatively involved in crucial biological processes. RNA arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (RAP-PCR) and specifically primed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were combined to screen differentially expressed genes following development of a commercial Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain 8010 (serotype 3a3b). Six differentially expressed transcripts (RAP1 to RAP6) were obtained. RAP1 encoded a putative triple helix repeat-containing collagen or an exosporium protein H related to spore pathogenicity. RAP2 was homologous to a ClpX protease and an ATP-dependent protease La (LonB), which likely acted as virulence factors. RAP3 was homologous to a beta subunit of propionyl-CoA carboxylase required for the development of Myxococcus xanthus. RAP4 had homology to a quinone oxidoreductase involved in electron transport and ATP formation. RAP5 showed significant homology to a uridine kinase that mediates phosphorylation of uridine and azauridine. RAP6 shared high sequence identity with 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate-hydroxymethyltransferase (also known as ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase or PanB) involved in the operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The findings described here would help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation process of B. thuringiensis and unravel novel pathogenic genes.
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Martha, Aroma Elmina, and Chandra Khoirunnas. "PENGANIAYAAN TERHADAP NARAPIDANA PELAKU PERKOSAAN YANG MENGALAMI LABEL NEGATIF DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN (STUDI DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN WIROGUNAN YOGYAKARTA)." Veritas et Justitia 4, no. 2 (December 24, 2018): 388–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.25123/vej.3064.
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This article is a case study on the legal issues surrounding beatings and torture suffered by rape offenders incarcerated in the Wirogunan Prison, Yogyyakarta. Purpose of this research is to identify profile of perpetrator and determinate what factors are behind this deviant behaviour. This research uses a criminological method or approach. Data has been obtained from direct observation, expert interviews and literature review. One of the important findings is that beatings and torture of rape offenders are justified by the general inmates on the basis of negative labelling given toward the offender and his crime.
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Caron, Sandra L., William A. Halteman, and Cheri Stacy. "Athletes and Rape: Is There a Connection?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 3_suppl (December 1997): 1379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3f.1379.
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The present study builds upon previous research examining variables related to sexual assault. Previous studies have linked sexual aggression with attitudes toward rape as well as hostility toward women. Recent high-profile cases involving athletes and sexual assault have raised questions about the link with athletes. In fact, recent research has suggested that athletes may be more prone to commit rape; however, no study has examined competitiveness. This characteristic, associated with athletes, may predict sexual aggression and help assess why rape is reportedly perpetrated by athletes significantly more frequently than by nonathletes. It may be that individuals with high competitiveness may be more likely to be involved in sexual assaults. Scores on Competitiveness in 104 college men were significantly correlated with reported sexual aggression and athletic participation; however, there was no significant difference between athletes and nonathletes on aggressive sexual behavior. These findings suggest that characteristics of athletes rather than athletic participation alone must be considered further in examining the presumed link between athletes and sexual assault.
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Derewiaka, Dorota, Ewa Majewska, Katarzyna Kuzak, and Dominika Szadkowska. "Comparison of Volatiles and Chemical Composition of Traditional and Non-Traditional Honey Available on the Polish Market." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 6371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146371.
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The purpose of the work was to compare the quality of selected honey available on the Polish market, including traditional (rape, lime and meadow and marsh honey) and non-traditional honey (lime, buckwheat, and honeydew honey from coniferous honeydew). Parameters such as electrical conductivity, color, pH, acidity, water, hydroxymethylfurfural, total phenols content, and ability to deactivate ABTS cation radicals were determined. The profile of aroma compounds was carried out by GC-MS technique, and determination of sugars was performed by HPLC. It was found that all tested honey met standards according to European law requirements. Semi-quantitative analysis of volatile compounds showed that all honey samples contain numerous volatiles (in buckwheat honey there were 67 compounds, and in honeydew honey from coniferous honeydew, only 40 compounds). Characteristic volatile compounds of each aroma profile were described e.g., benzaldehyde, acetone, 2-methyl-butanal, nonanal, benzyl alcohol were found in rape honey aroma, and furfural, isovaleric acid, ethanol, delta-valerolactone, isovaleraldehyde, 2-methyl-butanoic acid, and phenylacetaldehyde in buckwheat honey aroma. The total content of volatiles was the highest in buckwheat honey (199.62 µg/kg), and in traditional lime honey (195.17 µg/kg). The lowest total content of volatile substances was established in non-traditional lime honey (73.20 µg/kg) and in rape honey (39.52 µg/kg).
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Campbell, Rebecca, Hannah Feeney, Steven J. Pierce, Dhruv B. Sharma, and Giannina Fehler-Cabral. "Tested at Last: How DNA Evidence in Untested Rape Kits Can Identify Offenders and Serial Sexual Assaults." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 24 (March 27, 2016): 3792–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516639585.
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An increasing number of U.S. law enforcement agencies have disclosed that they have large numbers of untested sexual assault kits (SAKs; also called “rape kits”) in police property storage. Whether previously untested SAKs should be tested for DNA evidence has been the subject of considerable public debate. To inform policy and practice regarding rape kit testing, the current study tested a sample of 900 previously unsubmitted SAKs from Detroit, Michigan, and documented the DNA forensic testing outcomes associated with those kits. We assessed how many SAKs yielded DNA profiles eligible for upload into CODIS (Combined DNA Index System), the federal DNA criminal database; how many resulted in a DNA match (termed a “CODIS hit”); and how many of those hits were associated to other sexual assault crimes (i.e., serial sexual assault hits). Overall, there were 259 CODIS hits, 69 of which had DNA matches to another sexual assault case. The potential utility of a DNA profile and CODIS hit may vary depending on whether offender was known or unknown to the victim, so we examined these outcomes separately for SAKs associated with stranger- and non-stranger-perpetrated sexual assaults. We also present six case study examples of how DNA testing and CODIS hits helped identify serial sexual assaults in both stranger and non-stranger sexual assault cases. Implications for rape kit testing policies are discussed.
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Kabengele Mpinga, Emmanuel, Mapendo Koya, Jennifer Hasselgard-Rowe, Emilien Jeannot, Sylvie B. Rehani, and Philippe Chastonay. "Rape in Armed Conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 18, no. 5 (May 19, 2016): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838016650184.
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We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature between 1996 and 2013 on rape in war-ridden Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in order to better understand the interest of the scientific community in describing the magnitude and characteristics of the problem. The literature search was conducted in French and English using several databases (Pubmed, PsycInfo, Sapphire, BDSP, Embase, Rero, and Web of Science) with the key words “rape and DRC” combined with several Medical Subject Headings concepts. Our systematic review yielded 2,087 references, among which only 27 are original studies, that is 20 are based on population surveys and the remaining 7 are original data based on case studies and reviews. Ten studies provided prevalence rates of rape victims, 18 provided specific information on the profile of the victims, 10 reported that most of the perpetrators of rape were military personnel, 14 referred to the negligence of the government in protecting victims, and 10 reported a lack of competent health-care facilities. The awareness of rape in conflict-ridden DRC is still limited as reported in the scientific literature: Published scientific papers are scarce. Yet more research would probably help mobilize local authorities and the international community against this basic human rights violation.
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Ceccato, Vania, Guangquan Li, and Robert Haining. "The ecology of outdoor rape: The case of Stockholm, Sweden." European Journal of Criminology 16, no. 2 (May 19, 2018): 210–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370818770842.
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The objective of this article is to report the results of an ecological study into the geography of rape in Stockholm, Sweden, using small area data. In order to test the importance of factors indicating opportunity, accessibility and anonymity to the understanding of the geography of rape, a two-stage modelling approach is implemented. First, the overall risk factors associated with the occurrence of rape are identified using a standard Poisson regression, then a local analysis using profile regression is performed. Findings from the whole-map analysis show that accessibility, opportunity and anonymity are all, to different degrees, important in explaining the overall geography of rape - examples of these risk factors are the presence of subway stations or whether a basområde is close to the city centre. The local analysis reveals two groupings of high risk of rape areas associated with a variety of risk factors: city centre areas with a concentration of alcohol outlets, high residential population turnover and high counts of robbery; and poor suburban areas with schools and large female residential populations where subway stations are located and where people express a high fear of crime. The article concludes by reflecting upon the importance of these results for future research as well as indicating the implications of these results for policy.
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Oliveira, N. C. L., M. H. F. Ekert, C. A. Souza, K. C. N. Rabêlo, S. M. Santos, and J. L. Lima-Filho. "DNA genotyping analysis overview: Profile of rape cases in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil." Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 5 (December 2015): e551-e552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.217.
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Mundia, Lawrence. "A Descriptive Profile of Selected Brunei Convicts: Viewpoint." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 3 (July 16, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i3.17357.
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The case study (N = 54) described the participants using biographical attributes (age, type of offenses committed, education, marriage, employment, marital status of parents, repeat offenses, and district of residence) about criminality. Theft and drug-related offenses were first and second top crimes. Youths aged 18-29 were more involved in stealing and rape than older peers. Half of the theft convicts were employed and the other half unemployed before incarceration suggesting common underlying causes for stealing such as low education and low income (or poverty) among participants. Elderly convicts (aged 30-40) were most engaged in drug offenses, incest, and adultery compared to younger counterparts. First and repeat crimes were equally high across the participants' educational level, marital status, and parents' marital status. Most of the crimes were committed in the Brunei-Muara district. The findings call for mental health testing and appropriate interventions for crime perpetrators. Further mixed methods research was recommended.
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Ogunwale, Akintayo Olamide, and Frederick Olore Oshiname. "A Qualitative Exploration of Date Rape Survivors’ Physical and Psycho-Social Experiences in a Nigerian University." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515585541.
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Date rape (DR) is a serious but under-recognized public health problem that affects female university undergraduates. The burden of the problem in Nigerian universities is, however, yet to be fully investigated. The study was designed to explore the physical and psycho-social experiences of DR female survivors at the University of Ibadan. The study was qualitative in nature and involved eight consenting DR survivors. A pre-tested In-Depth Interview (IDI) guide that included questions relating to survivors’ personal profile, context of DR experienced, factors that promoted survivors’ vulnerability, reported adverse health consequences, help-seeking behaviors, and effects of the rape episode on dating relationship was used to facilitate the conduct of the narrative interview. The interviews were conducted in accordance to the protocol approved by the Joint University of Ibadan and University College Hospital Ethics Review Committee, and were taped-recorded and subjected to content analysis. Participants’ mean age was 17.3 ± 2.3 years. All the participants were teenagers when they were first raped. Coercive and deceptive means were used to perpetrate the act of rape. Participants’ use of verbal appeals, crying, and physical resistance to prevent being raped proved abortive. The experienced adverse physical health consequences included vaginal bleeding and injury. Major psycho-social effects of the experienced DR included self-blame, depression, hatred for men, and suicidal feelings. DR experiences occurred mainly in isolated settings, and most participants could not seek for medical help and other forms of care due to fear of being stigmatized. Some of the DR survivors continued their dating relationships when apologies were tendered by the perpetrators. DR is a traumatic experience, which is characterized by physical and psycho-social adverse effects. DR survivors, however, rarely seek for help as a result of the fear of being stigmatized. Multiple behavioral change interventions are needed to address the phenomenon.
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Kaur, Jagmohan. "Planting pattern of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in intercropping systems - A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i1.2223.
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Since per capita availability of land is shrinking day by day and there is little scope for horizontal growth of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and thus vertical growth via intercropping can be a viable alternative to reduce the wide gap between the demand and supply of edible oils. Intercropping is an intensive land use system and a profitable venture especially for the small land holders as it fulfills the diversified demands at the farm level itself. Suitable planting pattern for greater light interception and transmission throughout the crop profile is pre-requisite for getting higher productivity. This paper reviews the information regarding role of planting patterns of oilseed rape on various aspects like growth, yield, competitiveness as well as productivity and profitability of intercropping systems. Different oilseed rape cultivars when intercropped with different crops viz., cereals, legumes, fodders or other oilseed crops prove to be more productive and remunerative as compared to their monoculture at different row proportions or spacings, which also varies with locations.
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Rusníková, Lucie, Eva Straková, and Pavel Suchý. "Assessment of oils of selected legumes and oil plants with regard to animal nutrition." Acta Veterinaria Brno 82, no. 3 (2013): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201382030283.
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The aim of our study was to compare nutritional quality of oils of legumes (soybean, pea, faba bean and lupin) and oil plants (rape, sunflower, poppy and flax) grown in the Czech Republic. Individual seeds of legumes and oil seeds were analysed for fat content and fatty acid profile. Fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography, following fat extraction. The fatty acid profile was evaluated for contents of fatty acids saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. The highest proportion of fat in the dry matter of seed was found in poppy, followed by sunflower, flax, rape, soybean, lupin, pea, and faba bean. Differences in fat contents between individual plants were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01), except for differences between flax and rape (P ≤ 0.05), pea and faba bean and poppy and sunflower (non-significant). Apart from rapeseed, markedly higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids were found in other oils but rapeseed had the least content of saturated fatty acids. Legumes had a favourable ratio of n-3:n-6 fatty acids, especially lupin oil (1:4.3), which is in accordance with the recommended ratio 1:5. Sunflower oil is less suitable, with n-3 present in trace concentration. The most significant source of n-3 is flaxseed oil. The study brings new findings regarding oil composition in a wide range of feed components. These data may be used for development of diets for specific purposes and for production of functional food.
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Royal, Kathryn. "An analysis of a high-profile rape trial: the case of UK footballer Ched Evans." Journal of Gender-Based Violence 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/239868019x15475689978131.
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Arif, Mariam, Mushtaq Ahmed, and Farah Hanif. "NATURAL SEXUAL OFFENCES;." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 05 (December 14, 2018): 980–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.05.2543.
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Introduction: Globally, rape of women is a serious health, social and religiousconcern and is considered as a violation of women basic human right. Objective: The aim wasto ascertain incidence of natural sexual offence (rape) in Punjab and to analyze the data withrespect to sociodemographic characteristics, findings of medicolegal examination and resultsof evidence collected from victims of sexual assault. Material and Method: This retrospectivestudy was conducted on 148 female victims of rape brought to Forensic Medicine Departmentof King Edward Medical University Lahore, Fatima Jinnah Medical College Lahore and NishtarMedical College, Multan from January 2012 to December 2013 for medicolegal examination.Details pertaining to socio-demographic profile of the victim, incident, findings of medicalexamination and results of evidence collected were noted. Data was analyzed using SPSSversion 20. Result: The most affected age group was 11-20 years (60.8 %). Majority of victimswere unmarried (70.9%), non- working (79.72%) and of lower socioeconomic class (71.6%) Allwere Muslims (100%). The highest number of victims was examined on the second day (24.3%).31% cases were of gang rape. Majority knew the assailant (45.9%). The commonest place ofoffence was an isolated place (66.2%) Extragenital injuries were seen in 10.8% cases. Hymenwas intact in 3.3% victims. The tears of hymen were old in 77.6% and fresh in 22.3% cases.Semen was detected in 18.2% cases. 1.3% victims were pregnant and 4% were intoxicated.Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of addressing rape as an important healthissue.
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Azam, Hina. "Rape as a variant of fornication (Zinā) Inislamic Law: An Examination of the Early Legal Reports." Journal of Law and Religion 28, no. 2 (January 2013): 441–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0748081400000102.
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The contemporary treatment of rape in the penal codes of Muslim nations has come under increasing scrutiny over the last two decades, as several high-profile cases have arisen in which women have claimed sexual assault but been unable to bring sufficient proof of non-consent. In some cases, claimants have subsequently been punished for fornication (zinā) because their accusations were seen as constituting confession to consensual illicit sex, while in other cases, a resulting pregnancy has been taken as evidence of the same. These cases have illustrated the particular problems that stem from defining rape as a coercive variant of fornication, or zinā.These cases have largely arisen in the context of national efforts to Islamize the legal code by bringing laws into line with perceived sharī'a guidelines. This slew of cases has prompted journalists, human rights groups and Muslim reformers to ask whether contemporary “Islamic” rape laws are really continuous with the classical Islamic juristic tradition, or whether they may in fact represent distortions of that tradition. A central point of debate has been over whether Islamic juristic discourse truly placed rape—that is, a man's unlawful sexual intercourse with a woman against her will—under the category of zinā, or not.
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Fang, Yan, Jeffrey A. Coulter, Junyan Wu, Lijun Liu, Xuecai Li, Yun Dong, Li Ma, et al. "Identification of differentially expressed genes involved in amino acid and lipid accumulation of winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) in response to cold stress." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): e0245494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245494.
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Winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is an important overwintering oil crop that is widely planted in northwestern China. It considered to be a good genetic resource for cold-tolerant research because its roots can survive harsh winter conditions. Here, we performed comparative transcriptomics analysis of the roots of two winter turnip rape varieties, Longyou7 (L7, strong cold tolerance) and Tianyou2 (T2, low cold tolerance), under normal condition (CK) and cold stress (CT) condition. A total of 8,366 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between the two L7 root groups (L7CK_VS_L7CT), and 8,106 DEGs were detected for T2CK_VS_T2CT. Among the DEGs, two ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3), two delta-9 acyl-lipid desaturase 2 (ADS2), one diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), and one 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 2 (KCS2) were differentially expressed in the two varieties and identified to be related to fatty acid synthesis. Four glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozymes (GLN), serine acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1), and serine acetyltransferase 3 (SAT3) were down-regulated under cold stress, while S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme 1 (AMD1) had an up-regulation tendency in response to cold stress in the two samples. Moreover, the delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), δ-ornithine aminotransferase (δ-OAT), alanine-glyoxylate transaminase (AGXT), branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase (ilvE), alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase (AASS), Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and arginine decarboxylase related to amino acid metabolism were identified in two cultivars variously expressed under cold stress. The above DEGs related to amino acid metabolism were suspected to the reason for amino acids content change. The RNA-seq data were validated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR of 19 randomly selected genes. The findings of our study provide the gene expression profile between two varieties of winter turnip rape, which lay the foundation for a deeper understanding of the highly complex regulatory mechanisms in plants during cold treatment.
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Tomczyk, Monika, Maria Tarapatskyy, and Małgorzata Dżugan. "The influence of geographical origin on honey composition studied by Polish and Slovak honeys." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 37, No. 4 (August 23, 2019): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/40/2019-cjfs.
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Honey composition is mainly affected by botanical origin, however geographical factors as well as beekeeping practice and storage conditions can also influence its quality. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of geographical origin on physicochemical quality and biological activity of honey. For this reason Polish and Slovak varietal honeys, including per each country: 10 multifloral, 5 tilia, 5 rape, 5 acacia and 5 forest were compared according to their physicochemical parameters (free acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, and colour intensity), sugar profile, diastase activity, as well as antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP tests, as well as photochemiluminescence method). Moreover, total phenolics compounds and flavonoids content were determined. The most significant differences (P < 0.05) between Polish and Slovak counterparts were found for tilia while the lowest for rape honeys. The impact of geographical origin on overall quality of honey was proved by PCA statistical tool.
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Andersson, Ulrika, and Monika Edgren. "Vulnerability, Agency and the Ambivalence of Place in Narratives of Rape in Three High-Profile Swedish Cases." NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 26, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2018.1472140.
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Amin Mohamed, Amal, and Hossam El-Din Saad El-Beltagi. "Variations in fatty acid composition, glucosinolate profile and some phytochemical contents in selected oil seed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars." Grasas y Aceites 61, no. 2 (February 19, 2010): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.087009.
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Balea, Ana, Maria Pojar Fenesan, and Irina Ciotlaus. "Studies on the Chemical Profile of Some Melliferous Plant from Cluj Area, Romania, Using Different Extraction Techniques." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 9 (October 15, 2018): 2529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.9.6570.
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In this paper chemical compounds collected from melliferous plants (Cluj, Transylvania-area flora) using two methods and identified by GC-MS were presented. The melliferous plant studied : acacia, rape, linden and sun flower, represent a rich source of nectar and pollen used in the honey production. The methods were SPME (solid phase microextraction) coupled with GC-MS (gas chromatography and mass spectrometry) and alcoholic extraction of flowers followed by GC-MS. It was pursued in special the identifying of components with semiochimical role. They were identified a total of 158 compounds, from which some semiochemical compounds were already known, but also new compounds were discovered.
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Hidayat, Taufik, Rika Susanti, and Citra Manela. "5 Years Retrospective Study of Child Sexual Abuse at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang Indonesia." Journal of Midwifery 5, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jom.5.2.45-54.2020.
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Introduction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the profile of child sexual abuse cases. Methods. The research design was a cross-sectional analytic method. Data were obtained from medical records of child sexual abuse at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang from 2012 to 2016. The sample was 114 medical records of child sexual abuse. Results. The highest incident was in the year of 2015 (28.9%). The highest age range of the victims was 11-18 years old (66.7%). Most victims were junior high school students (27.2%). The highest incident was rape (38.6%). Many of the victims were assaulted by 1 perpetrator (85.1%). An intact hymen was found in 20.2% cases and the highest non-intact hymen was old complete laceration (27.2%), The highest external genitalia examination result was no injuries (69.3%). Most of the victims had previous sexual experience (31.6%). The most commonplace of sexual abuse was the perpetrator's house (21.9%). The boyfriend was the highest rank of the sexual perpetrator (27.1%). There was a significant relationship between child sexual abuse category and status of the hymen (p=0.00). Conclusion. Child sexual abuse categorized as molestation, rape and consent sex, while rape was the highest incident of child sexual abuse. There were various hymen lacerations had found in the victims of child sexual abuse.
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Rao, M. S. S., and N. J. Mendham. "Soil–plant–water relations of oilseed rape (Brassica napus and B. campestris)." Journal of Agricultural Science 117, no. 2 (October 1991): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960006528x.
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SUMMARYChinoli (Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera × subsp. chinensis), Marnoo and Apetalous (B. napus), with contrasting morphological characters, were compared over four seasons in Tasmania in 1985/86 and 1986/87. The total water use estimated from a depth of 70 cm increased in proportion to irrigations. Before irrigation all the crops had a similar pattern of moisture extraction but differences between the lines, and due to irrigations, emerged after the irrigation treatments. The genotypic differences were clearer in the winter sowing of 1986/87, when the growing season was longer. Apetalous, when unirrigated, extracted a greater amount of water from the lower, wetter regions of the soil profile, particularly in the longer winter sowing when its water use was the same as in the treatment receiving one irrigation. With consistently higher stomatal conductance, Apetalous used more water than chinoli or Marnoo. It also maintained a higher turgor at lower osmotic potentials, suggesting a greater degree of drought tolerance than found in the short duration chinoli which, although it had a lower water use, also gave lower seed yields.
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Anderson, Katherine M., Mimi Ghosh, Maile Y. Karris, Eleanor Capozzi, Douglas A. Granger, and Jamila K. Stockman. "The biobehavioral impacts of sexual violence: Findings from an acute repeat survivor of vaginal rape." Women's Health 17 (January 2021): 174550652110310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455065211031079.
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Background: Individuals who have experienced repeat sexual violence victimization face adverse mental and physical health outcomes, including immune and stress response functioning. We aim to further understand repeat sexual violence victimization to develop responsive and appropriate treatment for survivors of sexual violence. Methods: We present the immunological and contextual findings of a participant ( N = 1) who experienced repeat sexual violence victimization during her enrollment in The THRIVE Study, a prospective case–control study of women aged 14–45 years, who have experienced recent consensual vaginal penetration (“controls”) or forced vaginal penetration (“cases”). Participants complete a survey, HIV/sexually transmitted infection, and pregnancy testing, blood sampling for C-reactive protein and adrenocorticotrophic hormone, collection of cervicovaginal fluid for immunological biomarkers, and self-collection of saliva samples for cortisol measurements, across study visits (Baseline, 1, and 3 months). Results: The case study participant, aged 18 years upon enrollment, experienced sexual trauma before four of five study visits. Trends in the mental health indicators demonstrate reciprocal fluctuations in adverse mental health and resilience in accordance with revictimization and circumstantial changes. Suppressed immune biomarkers appear to correlate with increased adverse mental health, while mental health recovery trends with immunological recovery. The participant presents with dysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis diurnal profile. Conclusions: This profile illustrates the intra-individual biobehavioral impact of experience with revictimization over the course of 6 months, capturing experiences that are rarely studied either longitudinally or with the depth of the current research. The findings underscore the value of monitoring cervicovaginal immune functioning and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation in coordination with changes in mental health over the course of repeated sexual trauma.
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Hidayat, Taufik, Rika Susanti, Citra Manela, Noverika Winda Sari, and Abdullah Arief Syahputra. "Profil Kasus Kekerasan Seksual di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode 2012 - 2016." Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences (IJLFS) 9, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijlfs.2019.v09.i01.p04.
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Background Forensic medicine plays an important role in solving the case of sexual violence. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of cases, victims and perpetrators of sexual violence who were examined in Dr. M. Djamil general hospital of Padang. Method The design of the study was descriptive. Data were obtained from medical records of sexual violence cases in Dr. M. Djamil general hospital from 2012 to 2016. Results. The highest number of sexual violence incident was in 2015 and the lowest was in 2013. The highest type of sexual violence was rape (39.3%). Children were the most frequent victims (76.4%). Most of the victims were junior high school students (22.9%). Most of the victims were not pregnant (92.1%) while hymen remains intact was about 17.1% , old torn (54.3%), new torn (10%) and 1 cases requires medical treatment (0.7%). We were conducted anal examination in 6 cases and found redness of anal in 1 case. We were conducted sperm and semen analysis and found sperm in 9 vaginal swab of the victims (6.4%). We found redness of external genitalia (15%), laceration (5%), and abrasions (9.3%) and no injuries (70.7%) There were 9 cases that show the signs of violence, bruises in 5 victims (3.6%), abrasions in 2 victims (1.4%), and laceration in 1 victim (0.7%). The age of most perpetrators in this study was adults (59.3%). Closefriend is probably the perpetrators of sexual violence (27.1%). Conclusion In this study rape is the most sexual violence cases and the majority of victims were children. Signs of violence were found in most cases and most perpetrators were closefriends.
Keywords: sexual violence, rape, forensic
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Machado, Alexandra M., Marília Antunes, Maria Graça Miguel, Miguel Vilas-Boas, and Ana Cristina Figueiredo. "Volatile Profile of Portuguese Monofloral Honeys: Significance in Botanical Origin Determination." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 4970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164970.
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The volatile profiles of 51 samples from 12 monofloral-labelled Portuguese honey types were assessed. Honeys of bell heather, carob tree, chestnut, eucalyptus, incense, lavender, orange, rape, raspberry, rosemary, sunflower and strawberry tree were collected from several regions from mainland Portugal and from the Azores Islands. When available, the corresponding flower volatiles were comparatively evaluated. Honey volatiles were isolated using two different extraction methods, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD), with HD proving to be more effective in the number of volatiles extracted. Agglomerative cluster analysis of honey HD volatiles evidenced two main clusters, one of which had nine sub-clusters. Components grouped by biosynthetic pathway defined alkanes and fatty acids as dominant, namely n-nonadecane, n-heneicosane, n-tricosane and n-pentacosane and palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids. Oxygen-containing monoterpenes, such as cis- and trans-linalool oxide (furanoid), hotrienol and the apocarotenoid α-isophorone, were also present in lower amounts. Aromatic amino acid derivatives were also identified, namely benzene acetaldehyde and 3,4,5-trimethylphenol. Fully grown classification tree analysis allowed the identification of the most relevant volatiles for discriminating the different honey types. Twelve volatile compounds were enough to fully discriminate eleven honey types (92%) according to the botanical origin.
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Hansen, L. L., H. Agerhem, K. Rosenvold, and M. T. Jensen. "Effect of Brussels sprouts and inulin/rape seed cake on the sensory profile of pork M. longissimus dorsi." Meat Science 61, no. 4 (August 2002): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1740(01)00218-2.
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MACDONALD, A. J., P. R. POULTON, D. S. POWLSON, and D. S. JENKINSON. "Effects of season, soil type and cropping on recoveries, residues and losses of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to arable crops in spring." Journal of Agricultural Science 129, no. 2 (September 1997): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859697004619.
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15N-labelled fertilizer was applied in spring to winter wheat, winter oilseed rape, potatoes, sugarbeet and spring beans in field experiments done in 1987 and 1988 in SE England on four contrasting soil types – a silty clay loam, a chalky loam, a sandy loam and a heavy clay. The 15N-labelled fertilizers were applied at recommended rates; for oilseed rape, a two-thirds rate was also tested. Whole-crop recoveries of labelled nitrogen averaged 52% for winter wheat, 45% for oilseed rape, 61% for potatoes and 61% for sugarbeet. Spring beans, which received only 2·5 kg ha−1 of labelled N, recovered 26%. Removals of 15N-labelled fertilizer N in the harvested products were rather less, averaging 32, 25, 49, 27 and 13% in wheat grain, rape seed, potato tubers, beet root and bean grain, respectively.Crop residues were either baled and removed, as with wheat and rape straw, or were flailed or ‘topped’ and left on the soil surface, as was the case with potato tops and sugarbeet tops. Wheat stubble and rape stubble, together with leaf litter and weeds, were incorporated after harvest. The ploughing in of crop residues returned 4–35% of the original nitrogen fertilizer application to the soil, in addition to that which already remained at harvest, which averaged 24, 29 and 25% of that applied to winter wheat, oilseed rape and sugarbeet respectively. Less remained at harvest after potatoes (c. 21%) and more after spring beans (c. 49%). Most of the labelled residue remained in the top-soil (0–23cm) layer.15N-labelled fertilizer unaccounted for in crop and soil (0–100 cm) at harvest of winter wheat, oilseed rape, potatoes, sugarbeet and spring beans averaged 23, 25, 19, 14 and 26% of that applied, respectively. Gaseous losses of fertilizer N by denitrification were probably greater following applications to winter wheat and oilseed rape, where the N was applied earlier (and the soils were wetter) than with potatoes and sugarbeet. Consequently, it may well be advantageous to delay the application of fertilizer N to winter wheat and oilseed rape if the soil is wet.Total inorganic N (labelled and unlabelled) in soils (0–100 cm) following harvest of potatoes given 15N-labelled fertilizer in spring averaged 70 kg N ha−1 and was often greater than after the corresponding crops of winter wheat and oilseed rape, which averaged 53 kg N ha−1 and 49 kg N ha−1, respectively. On average, 91 kg ha−1 of inorganic N was found in soil (0–100 cm) following spring beans. Least inorganic N remained in the soil following sugarbeet, averaging only 19 kg N ha−1. The risk of nitrate leaching in the following winter, based on that which remained in the soil at harvest, ranked in decreasing order, was: spring beans=potatoes>oilseed rape=winter wheat>sugarbeet. On average, only 2·9% of the labelled fertilizer applied to winter wheat and oilseed rape remained in the soil (0–100 cm) as inorganic N (NO−3+NH+4) at harvest; with sugarbeet only 1·1% remained. In most cases c. 10% of the mineral N present in the soil at this time was derived from the nitrogen fertilizer applied to arable crops in spring. However, substantially more (c. 21%) was derived from fertilizer following harvest of winter wheat infected with take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) and after potatoes. With winter wheat and sugarbeet, withholding fertilizer N had little effect on the total quantity of inorganic N present in the soil profile at harvest, but with oilseed rape and potatoes there was a decrease of, on average, 38 and 50%, respectively. A decrease in the amount of nitrogen applied to winter wheat and sugarbeet in spring would therefore not significantly decrease the quantity of nitrate at risk to leaching during the following autumn and winter, but may be more effective with rape and potatoes. However, if wheat growth is severely impaired by take-all, significant amounts of fertilizer-derived nitrate will remain in the soil at harvest, at risk to leaching.
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Załuszniewska, Aleksandra, and Anna Nogalska. "The Effect of Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) on the Seed Yield and Quality of Winter Oilseed Rape." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121952.
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The aim of a two-year field experiment conducted in north-eastern (NE) Poland was to evaluate the effect of meat and bone meal (MBM) applied without or with mineral nitrogen (N) on seed yield, thousand seed weight (TSW), protein yield, fat yield, fatty acid profile and glucosinolate (GLS) concentrations in winter oilseed rape. Five treatments were compared: MBM applied at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 Mg ha−1, inorganic NPK, and a zero-N check. The first two MBM plots and the NPK plots received supplemental inorganic N to provide a total of 158 kg N ha−1. The yields of winter oilseed rape were highest in the treatment with mineral (NPK) fertilization. All plots receiving MBM yielded equally to each other but greater than the unfertilized check. Winter oilseed rape accumulated significantly more protein in seeds in the NPK treatment than in the 1.5 Mg ha−1 MBM + 40 kg N ha−1 treatment. The crude fat content of seeds was significantly higher in the 1.5 Mg MBM ha−1 + 40 kg N ha−1 treatment, compared with the NPK treatment and the 1.0 Mg MBM ha−1 + 79 kg N ha−1 treatment. Oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids accounted for nearly 90% of total fatty acids in rapeseed oil, and the average ratio of linoleic acid to α-linolenic acid was 1.81:1. Fertilization had a minor influence on the proportions of fatty acids, which were considerably affected by adverse weather conditions.
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Krčmářová, Jana, Tomáš Středa, and Radovan Pokorný. "Specifics of soil temperature under winter oilseed rape canopy." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/congeo-2015-0001.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the course of soil temperature under the winter oilseed rape canopy and to determine relationships between soil temperature, air temperature and partly soil moisture. In addition, the aim was to describe the dependence by means of regression equations usable for pests and pathogens prediction, crop development, and yields models. The measurement of soil and near the ground air temperatures was performed at the experimental field Žabiče (South Moravia, the Czech Republic). The course of temperature was determined under or in the winter oilseed rape canopy during spring growth season in the course of four years (2010 - 2012 and 2014). In all years, the standard varieties (Petrol, Sherpa) were grown, in 2014 the semi-dwarf variety PX104 was added. Automatic soil sensors were positioned at three depths (0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 m) under soil surface, air temperature sensors in 0.05 m above soil surfaces. The course of soil temperature differs significantly between standard (Sherpa and Petrol) and semi-dwarf (PX104) varieties. Results of the cross correlation analysis showed, that the best interrelationships between air and soil temperature were achieved in 2 hours delay for the soil temperature in 0.05 m, 4 hour delay for 0.10 m and 7 hour delay for 0.20 m for standard varieties. For semi-dwarf variety, this delay reached 6 hour for the soil temperature in 0.05 m, 7 hour delay for 0.10 m and 11 hour for 0.20 m. After the time correction, the determination coefficient (R2) reached values from 0.67 to 0.95 for 0.05 m, 0.50 to 0.84 for 0.10 m in variety Sherpa during all experimental years. For variety PX104 this coefficient reached values from 0.51 to 0.72 in 0.05 m depth and from 0.39 to 0.67 in 0.10 m depth in the year 2014. The determination coefficient in the 0.20 m depth was lower for both varieties; its values were from 0.15 to 0.65 in variety Sherpa. In variety PX104 the values of R2 from 0.23 to 0.57 were determined. When using multiple regressions with quadratic spacing (modelling of hourly soil temperature based on the hourly near surface air temperature and hourly soil moisture in the 0.10-0.40 m profile), the difference between the measured and modelled soil temperatures in the depth of 0.05 m was -3.92 to 3.99°C. The regression equation paired with alternative agrometeorological instruments enables relatively accurate modelling of soil temperatures (R2 = 0.95).
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Ishwar Prasad Dubey, R. K. Kumawat, I. P. Tripathi, and Pankaj Shrivastava. "A pilot study of DNA yield from bloodstains on various surfaces using Phenol chloroform isoamyl alcohol (PCIA) and Chelex DNA extraction methods." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.13.2.0363.
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Presently, Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) based forensic DNA typing technology is being globally used in solving a diverse range of forensic cases such as paternity, identification of unknown dead bodies/skeletal remains, or suspect in a case of rape or mass rape. The technology has invaded its tentacles in almost all areas of criminal investigation in the last few decades. The present forensic DNA technology is based on capillary electrophoresis and utilizes short tandem repeats(STRs).On one hand, the technology is extensively used in the investigation of crime in highly sensitive cases, but on the another hand, obtaining DNA profile from forensic samples are highly challenging many times. Advent of PCR has been a boon for handling the challenging samples in forensic DNA analysis. The quality DNA profiles from challenging samples rely on the yield and quality of DNA, which is mainly dependent upon the method used for DNA extraction. Any specific method can never be thought of to be useful for all variety of samples. Still, Phenol Chloroform Isoamyl Alcohol (PCIA) organic extraction method has been proven to be useful for a wide variety of samples from the simplest saliva/blood to complex teeth and bone samples. In the present study, we compared the yield of DNA from blood stains recovered from various surfaces using the PCIA extraction method and Chelex DNA extraction methods and their compatibility with present-day STR based capillary electrophoresis typing. The mean value of DNA yield was found 50.5 ng/ µl and 32.25 ng/ µl by PCIA and Chelex DNA extraction methods, respectively. Overall, the highest yield was observed from all the tested samples from the PCIA method.
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Zymon, M., J. Strzetelski, J. Kowalczyk, and S. Osięgłowski. "The effects of linseed and rape seed cultivars and fish oil on the fatty acid profile of cow milk fat." Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 16, Suppl. 1 (January 26, 2007): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/jafs/74115/2007.
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Pillay, Prishika. "115. The relationship between rape survivor’s levels of distress, health profile, ways of coping and measures of the immune system." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 22, no. 4 (May 2008): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2008.04.118.
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Suneel, Prajapati, Rajmane Poonam, Jayakrishna P, Nair Maya S, Kshirsagar Priyanka, and Meshram Mukul. "Application and utility of alternative methods in isolation of pure cells from forensic biological mixtures in modern-day: a review." Journal of Forensic Science and Research 5, no. 1 (August 23, 2021): 041–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001026.
Full textAbstract:
Development of genetic profiles from the biological mixtures has remained challenging, although modern-day technologies may help forensic scientists to attain a reliable genetic profile in the identification of the accused. In the case of rape, vaginal swab exhibits usually contain epithelial cells of victims and sperm cells of accused, such samples are more challenging when there is more than one contributor. In such cases, separation of distinct cells from a mixture that includes blood cells, epithelial cells and sperm cells for their single genetic profile is important. In the last ten decades several new techniques were developed and invented for the separation of single cell from the biological mixture that includes differential lysis, laser micro-dissection, cell sorting (FACS), sieve-based filtration, (vi) micro-fluidic devices or immunomagnetic beads cell separation of fresh samples, and the magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). Out of them, some techniques have been commonly applied for cell separation in forensic biology. Each technique has its own limitation. Some recent studies showed, magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS), laser capture microdissection (LCM), DEPArray technology and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) has proved to be effective in separation of single cell from cell mixtures. Therefore, in this review we have evaluated these four alternative methods and their potential application in the modern-day over the others for the separation of a single cell from the mixture. In this review we also discuss the advantage of these methods and their modern–day applicability and acceptance in the forensic world.