Journal articles on the topic 'Rape (Plant)'
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1
Scarth, R., S. R. Rimmer, and P. B. E. McVetty. "Reward summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-102.
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Reward summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa syn. campestris L.) is a canola-quality cultivar with good resistance to white rust disease race 7. Seed oil and protein contents are very good and the seed coat colour is predominantly yellow. Reward is widely adapted to the canola growing regions of western Canada.Key words: Rape (summer), white rust resistance, cultivar description
2
Cinkocki, Renata, Nikola Lipková, Soňa Javoreková, Jana Petrová, Jana Maková, Juraj Medo, and Ladislav Ducsay. "The Impact of Growth-Promoting Streptomycetes Isolated from Rhizosphere and Bulk Soil on Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Growth Parameters." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 5704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105704.
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Inoculation of Streptomyces to improve oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yields and minimise the use of chemical fertilisers is a promising sustainable strategy. In this study, we isolated 72 actinobacterial strains from rhizosphere of oilseed rape and maize and from bulk soil for screening and characterising their antimicrobial activity. Nine promising strains, identified as Streptomyces sp. by morphology, physiological characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were selected for their plant growth-promoting traits and in planta experiments. The actinobacterial strains were positive for IAA production, siderophore production, and HCN production. In planta experiments were conducted by soaking the oilseed rape seeds in the actinobacterial suspension, followed by plant growth under controlled conditions in a cultivate chamber (22–28 °C, 8 h dark/16 h light, constant humidity 80%). We recorded root and shoot length (cm) and seedling fresh weight (g). For most of the abovementioned parameters, a significant enhancement was observed with strain KmiRC20A118 treatment. The length of the root increased by 53.14%, the shoot length increased by 65.6%, and the weight of the fresh plant by 60% compared to the control. The integrated application of PGPS (Plant Growth Promoting Streptomyces) from the rhizosphere of oilseed rape is a promising strategy to improve the growth of oilseed rape.
3
TUULOS, A., M. TURAKAINEN, S. JAAKKOLA, J. KLEEMOLA, and P. S. A. MÄKELÄ. "Forage and seed yield of winter turnip rape established as a mixed crop with cereals." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 2 (March 13, 2014): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185961400015x.
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SUMMARYCultivation of winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. ssp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.) in Finland has been limited because of its reputation as an unreliable crop and its mid-season sowing time of July, when fields are already sown to other crops. An alternative management practice for winter turnip rape is proposed whereby it would be sown as a mixed crop simultaneously with spring cereals. The growth and yield formation of winter turnip rape grown in mixed stands with four different spring cereals was studied in two field experiments conducted in 2009–11. Pure and mixed stands of winter turnip rape and spring cereals were established in May at two different cereal and winter turnip rape stand densities. Subsequent to cereal harvest, one-third of each winter turnip rape plot was harvested for biomass in autumn, before cessation of growth. Three plant stand types, May- and July-sown monocrops and a mixed crop with oat (Avena sativa L.) were sampled for forage analysis. Plant stand densities were monitored from establishment until maturity. Winter turnip rape yield and its quality, including oil content, protein content and thousand seed weight, were determined. Following favourable overwintering conditions, winter turnip rape established with cereals yielded comparably to that of pure stands in terms of both quantity and quality. However, a pure stand of winter turnip rape out-yielded mixed crop stands after unfavourable overwintering conditions. Leaf removal decreased plant survival and seed yield. Establishing winter turnip rape with a cereal in May is an alternative to sowing it as a monocrop in July. A higher seeding rate is needed for under-sown winter turnip rape. Furthermore, autumn-harvested winter turnip rape monocrop forage potentially represents a high-protein supplement for ruminants.
4
MANDEEP KAUR, VIRENDER SARDANA, and PUSHP SHARMA. "Performance of canola oilseed rape (Brassica napus), Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) and Indian rape (Brassica rapa) in the intercropping system." Indian Journal of Agronomy 62, no. 2 (October 10, 2001): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v62i2.4283.
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A field experiment was conducted at Ludhiana, Punjab, during the winter (rabi) season of 201415, to study the production potential of Indian rape (Brassica rapa var. toria), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and Ethiopian mus- tard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) in different row spacings and row proportions in the intercropping systems. The experiment comprised 14 treatments which were replicated thrice as per randomized complete-block design. Plant height at maturity and dry-matter accumulation (DMA) at 90 days after sowing by component crops decreased sig- nificantly in intercropping as compared to their sole crops and such reduction in plant height was more for the nar- row row spacing, and for DMA with increasing row spacing. Number of siliquae/plant and 1,000- seed weight of In- dian rape and Ethiopian mustard, and number of seeds/siliqua of Ethiopian mustard were not influenced by the in- tercropping. The highest seed yield given by Indian rape (1.16 t/ha) in Ethiopian mustard + Indian rape intercrop- ping system (1:2, 22.5 cm) was 80.5% of its sole crop yield. Seed yield of non-canola oilseed rape when inter- cropped with Indian rape (1:1, 22.5 cm) was 45.7% lower than its sole crop yield (1.85 t/ha). However, oilseed rape-equivalent yield produced by non-canola oilseed rape + Indian rape (1 : 1, 22.5 cm) was 22.9% higher than sole non canola oilseed rape. Similarly, sole crop of canola oilseed rape (1.63 t/ha) gave 91.0, 60.2 and 35.3% higher seed yield than its yield under intercropping with Indian rape in different row proportions and spacing. Oil- seed rape- equivalent yield in the canola oilseed rape + Indian rape sown in 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 row proportion at 22.5 cm row spacing was 16.9 and 20.1% higher than sole canola oilseed rape (1.63 t/ha). Similar to seed yields, sto- ver yields of component crops were significantly decreased in the intercropping system (ICS). Canola/ non-canola oilseed rape based intercropping system (ICS) resulted in higher net returns than sole crops, whereas Ethiopian mustard sown as sole crop was more remunerative than its intercropping with Indian rape.
5
Lewis, L. J., D. L. Woods, and B. F. Cheng. "Introgression of long pod genotype from spring rape (Brassica napus L.) into summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-092.
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Long pod character from a summer Brassica napus L. line was introgressed into turnip rape B. rapa L. cultivar AC Sunshine resulting in progeny lines with significantly longer pods and larger seed size than those of AC Sunshine, but producing no yield advantage. Key words: Brassica rapa, Brassica napus, pod length, summer turnip rape, spring rape, interspecific hybridisation
6
Degenhardt, D. F., G. R. Stringam, and Z. P. Kondra. "Eldorado summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-029.
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Eldorado summer rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a canola-quality cultivar with a seed yield similar to that of Tobin. The seed oil content of Eldorado is significantly higher and its meal glucosinolate content is significantly lower than Tobin. Eldorado is well adapted to the B. rapa-growing areas of western Canada. Keywords: Turnip rape (summer), cultivar description
7
Woods, D. L. "AC Sunshine summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-080.
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AC Sunshine summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a canola-quality cultivar that is well adapted to the short and mid-season growing areas of western Canada. It has higher oil and protein content than Tobin. Key words: Rape, canola, Brassica rapa, cultivar description
8
Jhou, Yi-Syuan, Sushanthi Poovendhan, Li-Hsin Huang, and Chi-Wei Tsai. "Host Acceptance and Plant Resistance: A Comparative Behavioral Study of Myzus persicae and Acyrthosiphon pisum." Insects 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12110975.
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Aphids are prominent phloem-feeding insect pests. Myzus persicae and Acyrthosiphon pisum are generalist and specialist species, respectively. In this study, these two aphid species were used to investigate host acceptance and plant resistance to aphid feeding. M.persicae survived and reproduced on rape (Brassica rapa), but few individuals (9%) survived on faba bean (Vicia faba). A.pisum survived and reproduced on faba bean, but no A.pisum survived on rape. The probing and feeding behavior of M. persicae and A. pisum on rape and faba bean was examined using an electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. The results demonstrated the feeding preferences of these two aphid species. The EPG results suggest that the resistance of faba bean to M. persicae and that of rape to A. pisum are likely residing in the phloem and mesophyll tissues, respectively. Due to the distinct probing and feeding behaviors, specialist and generalist aphids would have different impacts on the epidemiology of plant viral diseases. The findings can be applied to the management of viral diseases transmitted by specialist or generalist aphids in crop production.
9
Stoenescu, F. M., and K. C. Falk. "Hysyn111 summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-159.
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Hysyn111 summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a canola-quality population-synthetic (syn1) cultivar adapted to the short and mid-season growing areas of western Canada. Key words: Turnip rape (summer), synthetic, cultivar description
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Degenhardt, D. F., G. R. Stringam, and Z. P. Kondra. "Eclipse summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 837–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-101.
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Eclipse summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a yellow-seeded canola-quality cultivar with a seed yield similar to that of the cultivars AC Parkland and Tobin. The oil content of Eclipse is similar to that of AC Parkland but is significantly higher than Tobin. Eclipse has a significantly lower glucosinolate content than either AC Parkland or Tobin. Eclipse is well adapted to the B. rapa growing areas of western Canada.Key words: Turnip rape (summer), cultivar description
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Woods, D. L., and K. C. Falk. "AC Sungold summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-107.
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AC Sungold summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is an open-pollinated canola-quality cultivar adapted to the short season growing areas of western Canada. It combines a higher oil and protein content than the check varieties with a good level of resistance to white rust. Key words: Summer turnip rape, canola, Brassica rapa, cultivar description
12
Falk, K. C., and F. M. Stoenescu. "Hysyn110 summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-021.
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Hysyn110 summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a high yielding canola quality population synthetic (Syn1) which is well adapted to the short- and mid-season growing areas of western Canada. Key words: Turnip rape (summer), synthetic, cultivar description
13
Falk, K. C., and F. M. Stoenescu. "Hysyn100 summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-020.
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Hysyn100 summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a canola-quality population-synthetic (Syn1) with high oil and protein contents that is well adapted to the short- and mid-season growing areas of western Canada. Key words: Turnip rape (summer), synthetic, cultivar description
14
Li, Jie, Li Qingqing, Jiangwei Qiao, Li Li, Jian Yao, and Jingmin Tu. "Organ-Level Instance Segmentation of Oilseed Rape at Seedling Stage Based on 3D Point Cloud." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 40, no. 2 (2024): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.15698.
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Highlights Provides a low-cost, fast, accurate, and non-destructive method for segmenting stems and leaves of oilseed rape at the seedling stage. Different varieties and leaf shapes of oilseed rape can all be accurately and efficiently segmented at organ level. The results of accurate organ instance segmentation are used for further organ morphological structure analysis and organ-level phenotype extraction. The calculated phenotypic data is highly correlated with the true phenotypic data. Abstract. Organ-level plant point cloud instance segmentation is crucial for three-dimensional (3D) plant structure investigations and plant phenotypic formations. Due to the complexity of 3D plant structures, accurate plant organ segmentation methods remain a bottleneck in current development of plant organ phenotypes. In this work, we present a fast, accurate, low-cost, and non-destructive method of stem and leaf instance segmentation at the organ level for oilseed rape point cloud. Firstly, we use a 3D scanner to obtain the point cloud of oilseed rape plants. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to perform surface feature extraction on the point cloud after preprocessing. Subsequently, the stems and leaves in different features are segmented by region growing. The irrational segmentation results are finally optimized. Segmentation results of stems and leaves of oilseed rape of different sizes and leaf shapes are evaluated using manually segmented oilseed rape point clouds as a benchmark. The precision, recall, F-score, and average accuracy of the proposed stem and leave segmentation method are 0.983, 0.897, 0.937, and 0.883, respectively. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method can accurately segment an oilseed rape 3D point cloud into instances corresponding to the organs of the plant. Additionally, the separated leaf and stem organs of oilseed rape can be further used for plant structure studies and organ phenotype extraction. The organ phenotypic parameters of oilseed rape are calculated based on the results of stem and leaf instances segmentation. The leaf area, stem length and stem angle of oilseed rape calculated from the point cloud are also compared with the corresponding manual measurements, which are highly correlated with coefficients of determination R2 (0.82-0.97). In conclusion, the proposed segmentation method can be applied as a fundamental segmentation step to extract organ phenotype data from oilseed rape plants. Namely, our research is valuable for precision breeding and basic plant research. Keywords: 3D point cloud, Oilseed rape plant, Phenotypic traits, Stem-leaf segmentation.
15
Woods, D. L., R. K. Gugel, and K. C. Falk. "CB 9940 and CB 9941 summer turnip rapes." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 81, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-124.
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Two canola-quality summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) lines that are resistant to blackleg [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not.] have been developed. Glucosinolates are marginally higher, while seed yields and oil contents are lower than the check cultivars. Key words: Rape, canola, Brassica rapa, germplasm description, blackleg resistance
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Woods, D. L. "AC Sunbeam summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-112.
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AC Sunbeam summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a canola-quality cultivar. It is well adapted to the short and mid-season growing areas of western Canada. It is higher yielding than AC Parkland, and has a higher oil and protein content than Tobin. AC Sunbeam has a good level of resistance to white rust, and has a very low meal glucosinolate content. Key words: Rape, canola, Brassica rapa, cultivar description
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Stoenescu, F. M., and K. C. Falk. "Hysyn120 CS summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-160.
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Hysyn120 CS summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a high-yielding, canola-quality, population-synthetic (syn1) cultivar adapted to short and mid-season growing areas of western Canada. Key words: Turnip rape (summer), synthetic, cultivar description
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ROQUES, S. E., and P. M. BERRY. "The yield response of oilseed rape to plant population density." Journal of Agricultural Science 154, no. 2 (January 20, 2015): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859614001373.
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SUMMARYEight winter oilseed rape and two spring oilseed rape field experiments were performed in the UK in harvest years 2009–12. Each experiment consisted of at least one hybrid and one open-pollinated variety grown at five seed rates from 10 or 20 seeds/m2 to 160 or 200 seeds/m2. Linear plus exponential curves were used to describe the yield response to seed rate and to calculate economically optimal seed rates. Plant counts were then used to derive optimal plant population densities. These ranged from <10 to 39 plants/m2 for six winter oilseed rape experiments between 73 and >155 plants/m2 in two winter oilseed rape experiments with severe spring droughts, and from 47 to 65 plants/m2 for spring oilseed rape. Optimal plant population densities were lower for hybrid than for open-pollinated varieties, due to a combination of the higher cost of hybrid seed and, for some experimental sites, hybrid varieties compensating better for low plant populations. Across all sites, sowing winter oilseed rape at 30 seeds/m2 rather than common commercial rates of 70 seeds/m2 for hybrids and 100 seeds/m2 for open-pollinated varieties would have increased average gross margin by £29/ha. Sowing spring oilseed rape at 70 seeds/m2 rather than commonly used rates of 120 or 150 seeds/m2 would have increased average gross margin by £64/ha.
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Falk, K. C. "AC Boreal summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 651–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-018.
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AC Boreal summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a canola quality population-synthetic (syn1) cultivar with very high seed oil and meal protein content adapted to the mid-season growing areas of western Canada. Key words: Turnip rape (summer), synthetic, cultivar description
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Sparrow, Stephen D., and Charles W. Knight. "Frost-seeding of summer turnip rape in the subarctic." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-087.
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Previous research has indicated that spring-planted summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) can produce good seed yields with high oil content in subarctic Alaska. However, short growing seasons often prevent seeds from reaching full maturity, resulting in high proportions of green seeds and lowered market quality. In an attempt to allow summer turnip rape seedlings to begin growth earlier in the growing season, we planted the seeds in frozen soil in late fall and early spring. Fall seeding of summer turnip rape always resulted in low plant populations, low seed yields, and high percentages of green seeds. Percentages of green seeds were highly variable and early spring seedings did not result in significantly lower percentages of green seeds than conventional (May) seedings. The effects of early spring frost-seeding on plant populations and seed yields were variable but only rarely did early spring seeding produce significantly higher seed yields than conventional seeding. Planting into barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) stubble resulted in poor stands which produced low seed yields. This study did not indicate any advantage from fall planting of summer turnip rape. Results from spring frost-seeding were not consistent; therefore, this practice cannot be recommended until these inconsistencies are better understood.Key words: Frost-seeding, summer turnip rape, subarctic, Alaska
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Diekötter, Tim, Taku Kadoya, Franziska Peter, Volkmar Wolters, and Frank Jauker. "Oilseed rape crops distort plant-pollinator interactions." Journal of Applied Ecology 47, no. 1 (February 2010): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01759.x.
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Falk, K. C. "ACS-C29 summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, no. 2 (March 1, 2010): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09106.
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ACS-C29 summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a canola-quality, three-parent population-synthetic (Syn1) cultivar adapted to the short-season growing areas of western Canada. On average, it yielded 13% more than the WCC/RRC checks over 2 yr of testing and has high seed oil content.Key words: Turnip rape (summer), synthetic, cultivar description
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Falk, K. C. "ACS-C12 summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, no. 3 (May 1, 2010): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09104.
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CS-C12 summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a canola-quality, two-parent population-synthetic (Syn1) cultivar adapted to the short-season growing areas of western Canada. On average, it yielded 17% more than the Western Canada Canola/Rapeseed Recommending Committee (WCC/RRC) checks over 3 yr of testing and has high seed oil content.Key words: Turnip rape (summer), synthetic, cultivar description.
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Falk, K. C. "ACS-C18 summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 90, no. 2 (March 1, 2010): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09105.
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ACS-C18 summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a canola-quality, two-parent population-synthetic (Syn1) cultivar adapted to the short-season growing areas of western Canada. On average, it yielded 17% more than the WCC/RRC checks over three years of testing and has high seed oil and meal protein contents.Key words: Turnip rape (summer), synthetic, cultivar description
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Liu, Zeqin, Quan Zhou, Fengzai Ouyang, Yiqiang Liu, Gaojie Su, Xuehao Wang, Zhijie Hou, Tengqi Wang, Yajun Wang, and Guoqin Huang. "Border-rows Effect of Rape (Brassica napus L.) Intercropping with Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.)." Research on World Agricultural Economy 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v3i1.484.
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Border-rows effect is an important research content of intercropping system. Milk vetch-rape intercropping is one of the typical intercropping patterns in southern China. However, research on the border-rows effect is very little, which has affected the application and popularization of the milk vetch-rape intercropping system. In this study, two field experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2020. The effects of monoculture, intercropping and different border-rows on agronomic traits and yield of rape were studied. The results showed that milk vetch had a significant effect on the first border-row of rape. The first border-row of rape diameter of root and secondary effective branch number is significantly higher than second and third border-row, and the rape yield per plant in the first border-row of intercropping milk vetch was 135%, 328%, 257% and 147% higher than that in the second, third, fourth and fifth border-rows respectively. The intercropping with milk vetch enhanced the number of pods per plant in first border-row by increasing the agronomic traits of rape, such as plant height, stem diameter, primary effective branch number and secondary effective branch number. In conclusion, intercropping milk vetch significantly improved the agronomic traits of the first and second border-rows rape, increased the yield of rape. So it is recommended that milk vetch intercropping with two rows rape, which has important guiding significance for the application and promotion of milk vetch-rape intercropping in the future.
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Koprna, R. "Winter oilseed rape Oksana." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 43, No. 2 (January 7, 2008): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1907-cjgpb.
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Si, P., and N. Thurling. "Genetic improvement of pre-anthesis growth of turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) at low temperature." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 6 (2001): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99032.
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0ion for rapid seedling emergence at 4°C had no effect on plant growth. Pollen selection at low temperature improved subsequent plant growth at lowtemperature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4°C to that at 18/13equent plant growth at lowtemperature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4/night) at 26 days after emergence, whereas selection for rapid seedling emergence at 4°C had no effect on plant growth. Pollen selection at low temperature improved subsequent plant growth at lowtemperature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4°C to that at 18/13°C was higher in progenies derived from fertilisation at 10/2rature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4/night) at 26 days after emergence, whereas selection for rapid seedling emergence at 4°C had no effect on plant growth. Pollen selection at low temperature improved subsequent plant growth at lowtemperature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4°C to that at 18/13equent plant growth at lowtemperature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4/night) at 26 days after emergence, whereas selection for rapid seedling emergence at 4°C had no effect on plant growth. Pollen selection at low temperature improved subsequent plant growth at lowtemperature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4°C to that at 18/13°C was higher in progenies derived from fertilisation at 10/2°C than those from 18/13days after emergence, whereas selection for rapid seedling emergence at 4°C had no effect on plant growth. Pollen selection at low temperature improved subsequent plant growth at lowtemperature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4°C to that at 18/13equent plant growth at lowtemperature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4/night) at 26 days after emergence, whereas selection for rapid seedling emergence at 4°C had no effect on plant growth. Pollen selection at low temperature improved subsequent plant growth at lowtemperature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4°C to that at 18/13°C was higher in progenies derived from fertilisation at 10/2rature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4/night) at 26 days after emergence, whereas selection for rapid seedling emergence at 4°C had no effect on plant growth. Pollen selection at low temperature improved subsequent plant growth at lowtemperature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4°C to that at 18/13equent plant growth at lowtemperature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4/night) at 26 days after emergence, whereas selection for rapid seedling emergence at 4°C had no effect on plant growth. Pollen selection at low temperature improved subsequent plant growth at lowtemperature. The dry weight ratio of plants grown at 13/4°C to that at 18/13°C was higher in progenies derived from fertilisation at 10/2°C than those from 18/13°C fertilisation. The ability to use pollen selection in combination with pedigree selection for low potassium leakage should increase genetic gain of plant dry weight at low temperature in segregating populations.
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Falk, K. C., G. F. W. Rakow, and R. K. Downey. "The utilization of heterosis for seed yield in hybrid and synthetic cultivars of summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-076.
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Hybrids of summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. syn. B. campestris L.) have been shown to exhibit high levels of heterosis. This study was undertaken to determine whether the heterosis for seed yield observed in hybrids could be captured by synthetic cultivars of turnip rape. The agronomic performance of reciprocal inter-cultivar hybrids and their corresponding two-component synthetics was studied using four turnip rape cultivars. Hybrid seed was produced by hand pollination in the greenhouse and Syn1 seed was produced by mixing equal proportions of each parent to form the base seed (Syn0) of each synthetic, and planting these in isolation in the field. The seed yield of hybrids, synthetics and parents were similar in 1985 while in 1986, hybrids yielded 25% and synthetics 23% more than parents. Actual versus predicted synthetic yields were similar except for one synthetic, Echo-Torch in 1986, where the actual yield exceeded the predicted value. Hybrid yields may have been underestimated by the chosen prediction method and therefore the yield potential of hybrids would be greater than for synthetics in turnip rape. However, until a suitable pollination control system is developed in this species, synthetic cultivars are a viable alternative to hybrids. Key words: Turnip rape (summer), synthetic, hybrids, Brassica rapa, B. campestris
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Neshev, Nesho. "Preceding crop influences on the development and yields of the winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)." Agricultural Sciences 14, no. 32 (March 18, 2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2022.32.009.
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The evidence about the influence of the preceding crops on the oilseed rape growth and development is scarce. Therefore, a study in three vegetation seasons of the winter oilseed rape (2017/2018, 2018/2019, and 2019/2020) was conducted. The experiment was situated in the experimental field of the department of „Agriculture and herbology” at the Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The experiment was conducted by the long plots method. The following crop rotations were under evaluation: 1. Winter wheat – winter oilseed rape; 2. Winter oilseed rape – winter oilseed rape; 3. Maize – winter oilseed rape. All evaluated parameters of the winter oilseed rape as plant height at the end of vegetation, number of primary branches and silique plant-1, seed yield, absolute mass of 1000 seeds, hectoliter seed mass as well as seed oil content were influenced by the preceding crop. The highest results of the studied indicators for the rotation of winter wheat – winter oilseed rape were recorded. The lowest obtained results for the rotation maize – winter oilseed rape were found, and medium results were accomplished for the oilseed rape monoculture.
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Ward, K., R. Scarth, J. K. Vessey, and J. K. Daun. "Chlorophyll degradation in summer oilseed rape and summer turnip rape during seed ripening." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-069.
Full textAbstract:
Chlorophyll breakdown in ripening seed of three summer rape cultivars (Brossica napus L.) and one summer turnip rape cultivar (Brassica rapa L.) was investigated to clarify the influence of genotype, environment, seed moisture and endogenous ethylene production. Final seed chlorophyll levels were determined for summer oilseed rape and turnip rape cultivars grown at several locations during 4 yr. Both genotype and environment affected seed chlorophyll levels at harvest, but genotype by environment interactions were minimal for the cultivars included in this study. Differences in maturity did not adequately explain the genotypic variation among the rape cultivars tested. Rates of seed chlorophyll breakdown, moisture loss and ethylene evolution were measured in ripening seeds of three rape cultivars. Stellar, Delta and Westar had significantly different rates of seed chlorophyll breakdown. Lower temperatures resulted in slower chlorophyll degradation. Chlorophyll and moisture (expressed as percentage seed mass) were positively correlated in ripening seed, but moisture loss occurred at the same rate during seed ripening in all cultivars and environments. Chlorophyll and endogenous ethylene production were positively correlated, but the peak of ethylene production occurred after moisture loss and chlorophyll breakdown had begun, implying that an increase in endogenous ethylene was not the trigger for the initiation of these events. Key words: Chlorophyll degradation, green seed, ripening, moisture loss, ethylene, oilseed rape, turnip rape
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Falk, K. C., R. K. Gugel, and D. S. Hutcheson. "ACS-C7 summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-068.
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ACS-C7 summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a canola-quality, two-parent population-synthetic (Syn1) cultivar adapted to the short- and mid-season growing areas of western Canada. It has very good resistance to white rust [Albugo candida (Pers. ex Lev.) Ktze.], fair resistance to blackleg [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not.], and high seed oil and meal protein contents. Key words: Turnip rape (summer), synthetic, cultivar description
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Balodis, Oskars, and Zinta Gaile. "Sowing Date and Rate Effect on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Yield Components’ Formation." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 70, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2016-0058.
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Abstract Crop yield per area is the product of plant density and productivity of an individual plant. Plant density and the time of winter oilseed rape sowing influences yield components (parameters of individual plant productivity), such as pod number per plant, seed number per pod, plant productivity, seed weight, and plant branching. The aim of this three-year (2008–2010) study was to investigate winter oilseed rape yield components depending on sowing date (five sowing dates) and sowing rate (four sowing rates for each variety) as initial cause of plant density at harvest for two type winter oilseed rape varieties (open pollinated ‘Californium’ and hybrid ‘Excalibur’). Field trials were carried out at the Research and Study Farm “Vecauce” of the Latvia University of Agriculture. Winter oilseed rape yield components (pod number per plant and seed number per pod, plant productivity (seed number per plant and plant productivity in g) as well as the number of primary branches per plant) were affected (p < 0.05) by sowing date and rate for both varieties. In general, no significant effect of sowing rate on 1000-seed weight was observed (p > 0.05), but sowing date influenced this component significantly (p < 0.05). A yield compensation mechanism was demonstrated by significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations between plant density at harvest and parameters of individual plant productivity.
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MORRISON, M. J., P. B. E. McVETTY, and R. SCARTH. "EFFECT OF ALTERING PLANT DENSITY ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMER RAPE." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-016.
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The effect of 15- and 30-cm row spacings and 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 12.0 kg ha−1 seeding rates on growth characteristics, as measured by growth analysis, of summer rape (Brassica napus L.) was studied under southern Manitoba growing conditions. Growing degree days (GDD) was used in the growth analysis formulae as a measurement of time. Over all seeding rates, summer rape grown in rows spaced 15 cm apart produced more dry weight (W), a greater leaf area index (LAI) and a greater leaf area duration (LAD) than when grown in rows spaced 30 cm apart. The 15-cm row spacing treatments had a higher crop growth rate (CGR) and a greater net assimilation rate (NAR) than the 30-cm row spacing treatments. Summer rape grown at seeding rates of 6.0 and 12.0 kg ha−1 had a greater W, LAI and LAD during vegetative development than summer rape grown at seeding rates of 1.5 and 3.0 kg ha−1. This was primarily due to increased plant density. After flowering there were no differences for W, LAI and LAD attributable to differences in seeding rates. Summer rape grown at seeding rates of 6.0 and 12.0 kg ha−1 had a lower CGR and NAR during flowering than that grown at 1.5 and 3.0 kg ha−1 seeding rates indicating that plants produced from lower seeding rates were more photosynthetically efficient than plants produced from higher seeding rates.Key words: Brassica napus, growth analysis, row spacing, seeding rates, rape (summer)
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Ma, Qingxu, Paul W. Hill, David R. Chadwick, Lianghuan Wu, and Davey L. Jones. "Competition for S-containing amino acids between rhizosphere microorganisms and plant roots: the role of cysteine in plant S acquisition." Biology and Fertility of Soils 57, no. 6 (June 23, 2021): 825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-021-01572-2.
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AbstractPlant S deficiency is common, but the role of S-containing amino acids such as cysteine in plant S uptake is unknown. We applied 14C-, 35S-, 13C-, and 15N-labelled cysteine to wheat and oilseed rape rhizospheres and traced the plants’ elemental uptake. Both plants absorbed 0.37–0.81% of intact cysteine after 6 h with no further increase after 24 h. They absorbed 1.6–11.5% 35S and 12.3–7.6% 15N from cysteine after 24 h and utilised SO42− as their main S source (75.5–86.4%). Added and naturally occurring cysteine-S contributed 5.6 and 1.1% of total S uptake by wheat and oilseed rape, respectively. Cysteine and inorganic S derived from cysteine contributed 24.5 and 13.6% of uptake for wheat and oilseed rape, respectively, after 24 h. Oilseed rape absorbed ~10-fold more S from cysteine and SO42− than did wheat. The highest absorption of free cysteine should be in the organic-rich soil patches. Soil microorganisms rapidly decomposed cysteine (t1/2 = 1.37 h), and roots absorbed mineralised inorganic N and S. After 15 min, 11.7–14.3% of the 35S-cysteine was retained in the microbial biomass, while 30.2–36.7% of the SO42− was released, suggesting that rapid microbial S immobilisation occurs after cysteine addition. Plants acquire N and S from cysteine via unidirectional soil-to-root nutrient flow, and cysteine is an important S source for plants.
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Gao, Yuan, Changhua Liu, and Xiaoming Wu. "Classification Method of Rape Root Swelling Disease Based on Convolution Neural Network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2138, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2138/1/012003.
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Abstract Both the seedling stage and the adult plant stage of rape can be infected with root edema, and the damaged roots swell to form tumors of different sizes and shapes. The incidence of rape root swelling at the seedling stage reached 17%, and the average incidence at the adult plant stage was 15%, resulting in a 10.2% reduction in rape production. The average plant height, number of siliques, number of kernels per horn, 1000-seed weight and yield per plant of healthy plants were significantly higher than those of diseased plants. Grading root lesions can help trace the root causes of root lesions. However, the method of grading is often performed manually by professionals at present, which has the problems of low speed and low efficiency. In order to solve this problem, a method for grading rape root swelling based on deep convolutional neural network is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a rape root swelling model based on convolutional neural network and regional candidate network was established, and then implement it on the deep learning Tensorflow framework Model, and finally compare and analyze the results. The rape root swelling model uses the VGG16 network to extract the characteristics of the rape root swelling image. The regional candidate network generates the preliminary position candidate frame of the rape root swelling, and Fast-RCNN realizes the classification and positioning of the candidate frame. The results show that this method can achieve rapid and accurate detection of healthy, first-level tumors, second-level tumors, and third-level tumors of four-level rape root swelling, with an average accuracy rate of 84.12%. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate can reach more than 90%.
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Niemelä, T., M. Seppänen, L. Jauhiainen, and U. Tulisalo. "Yield potential of spring turnip rape synthetics and composite hybrids compared with open-pollinated commercial cultivars." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 3 (July 7, 2006): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-189.
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Yield potentials of spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) synthetics and composite hybrids were compared with those of open-pollinated commercial cultivars during a 3-yr period (2000–2002). The trials included 16 synthetics and 25 composite hybrids derived from 22 different parent lines, as well as five open-pollinated commercial cultivars. All of the material tested had low erucic acid and glucosinolate contents and was well adapted for cultivation in southern Finland. The composite hybrids, which were tested for the first time in turnip rape, exhibited significantly higher seed yields than open-pollinated cultivars. The maximum commercial heterosis in seed yield was 18% in synthetics and 23% in composite hybrids. Both synthetics and composite hybrids showed better resistance to lodging than commercial cultivars. When studying the effect of commercial heterosis on seed yield, a high degree of variation was observed both within the synthetics and the composite hybrids. This result highlights the importance of testing parental combinations in turnip rape in order to find combinations that give the strongest heterotic effect. Key words: Turnip rape, Brassica rapa, synthetic, composite hybrid, seed yield, commercial heterosis
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Chen, Siyu, Da Yang, Yufei Wei, Lizhen He, Zujian Li, and Shangdong Yang. "Changes in Soil Phosphorus Availability and Microbial Community Structures in Rhizospheres of Oilseed Rapes Induced by Intercropping with White Lupins." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2023): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020326.
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Oilseed rape is sensitive to soil phosphorus deficiencies. In contrast, white lupin is widely used as a model plant because it has efficient phosphorus utilization. Therefore, soil fertility and microbial composition in the rhizospheres of oilseed rapes and root exudate metabolites were compared under monocropping and intercropping systems. The main purpose was to explore whether the phosphorus absorption of rapeseed can be promoted by intercropping with white lupine. In comparison with oilseed rape monoculture (RR), the results showed that the contents of soil-available phosphorus, microbial biomass and phosphorus in the rhizospheres of oilseed rapes in the intercropping system (RL) were all higher than those of RR. Meanwhile, in comparison with RR, not only phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, such as Streptomyces, Actinomadura and Bacillus, but also phosphorus-solubilizing fungi, such as Chaetomium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, were enriched in the rhizospheres of the oilseed rape under the RL system. Moreover, more abundant soil bacterial functions, organic acids and metabolites were also detected in root exudates of the oilseed rapes under the RL system. All of the above results suggest that soil phosphorus availability in the rhizospheres of oilseed rape could be improved by intercropping with white lupin. Additionally, soil phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms, that are enriched in the rhizospheres of oilseed rapes under RL systems, have an important function in the improvement of phosphorus absorption of rapeseed by intercropping with white lupin.
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KUNELIUS, H. T., J. B. SANDERSON, and P. R. NARASIMHALU. "EFFECT OF SEEDING DATE ON YIELDS AND QUALITY OF GREEN FORAGE CROPS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 1045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-140.
Full textAbstract:
Forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.), rape (B. napus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and Chinese cabbage (B. campestris sensulato L.) × stubble turnip (B. rapa L.) hybrid were seeded at monthly intervals between late-May and late-August over 3 yr. Kale was harvested in early November while rape, radish, and turnip hybrid were targeted for harvest 60–70 d after seeding. The dry matter yield of kale declined as the seeding dates were delayed. The primary growth of rape, radish and turnip hybrid was the same for May, June and July seedings, but seeding in August lowered the yields by 25–38%. The in vitro dry matter disappearance was high, ranging from 850 to 920 g kg−1. The total N concentration of whole plant tissue, leaves, stem + petioles, and roots and S-methylcysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) concentration of whole plants increased as the seeding date was delayed. We concluded that kale should be planted by mid-June for high yields. Fodder rape, radish, and turnip hybrid had similar yields with seeding from spring until mid-July. In vitro dry matter disappearance and N concentrations were high for all species.Key words: Brassica oleracea, B. napus, B. rapa, Raphanus sativus, chemical composition, digestibility
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Balodis, Oskars, and Zinta Gaile. "Changes of Winter Oilseed Rape Plant Survival During Vegetation." Proceedings of the Latvia University of Agriculture 33, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plua-2015-0005.
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Abstract Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) significance among field crops is unchangeable in Latvia in the last decade. Plant density of winter oilseed rape during growth period is influenced by plant development in autumn and plant wintering. The aim of four year (2008 – 2011) research in the LLU Research and Study farm “Vecauce” was to investigate the influence of agronomical factors (sowing date, sowing rate, fungicide (metkonazole)) application and meteorological factors on two type (line, hybrid) winter oilseed rape varieties plant density changes from sowing till harvesting. Plant density in autumn, spring and during harvesting was influenced also by meteorological parameters such as air temperature and precipitation. On four year average, field germination was observed from 66% to 95%. Sowing date significantly (p<0.05) impacted plant survival during winters in all trial years for both varieties – ‘Californium’ and ‘Excalibur’, except for ‘Excalibur’ in the year 2008. Plant survival during winter for ‘Excalibur’ (hybrid) was higher compared to ‘Californium’ (line). Higher plant losses during winter were noted on the latest sowing date for both varieties. Winter oilseed rape plant survival was not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by fungicide as growth regulator application in autumn in any trial year. Influence of sowing date and sowing rate on the total plant density at harvest time was significant in all trial years (p<0.05) for both varieties. At higher sowing rate the plant loss during growing period was higher than at lower rates.
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Hutcheson, D. S., K. C. Falk, and G. F. W. Rakow. "TR4 summer turnip rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 837–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-011.
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TR4 summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a breeding population with a total (aliphatic and indole) glucosinolate content of 4.2 µ mol g−1 oil free meal. It was derived from selections among segregating progeny of a cross between the low aliphatic glucosinolate breeding population BC86-18, and the low indole glucosinolate breeding population DLY. Key words: Glucosinolates, aliphatic, indole, canola, germplasm
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Yang, Jing Hui, Jian Ke Li, Jun Xun Huang, Yan Jun Liu, and Chun Xia Wu. "Salt Tolerance of Four Biodiesel Plant Species on Germination." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.902.
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Due to increasing salinity problems and biodiesel production, in this experiment four vegetables species were treated with different concentration of NaCl solution and the growth values were evaluated on germination to be able to understand salinity tolerance of main biodiesel plant species and screen better species which is possible to be cultivated on salinity land. Results indicated that salinity caused significant reduction in germination vigor (GV), relative percentage of germination (RGP), relative radicle length (RRL). Under higher salt concentration (9g/L), GV of soybean was lowest; GV of camelina and rape was highest. Soybean was sensitive to salinity stress under 3-6g/L according to relative percentage of germination (RGP). Under conditions of the higher salt stress (9g/L), RGP of rape and camelina was higher than oil sunflower and soybean. When saline concentration was 6g/L, the differentiation of RRL was more remarkable between species and rape had highest RRL (33.5%), next was camelina (26.5%), soybean (20%) and RRL of oil sunflower was lowest (12.4%). RRL of four species was less than 11-14% and RRL of camelina was higher than others when saline concentration increased into 9-12 g/L. All species had not any growth under salt concentration of 15g/L. Camelina had higher concentration of salinity tolerance (CST, 6g/L) than other three species, the rest was 2-3g/L. Camelina and rape had higher half lethal concentration (HLC, 9g/L), next was soybean (6g/L), and lowest one was oil sunflower (3g/L). Salt tolerance ranking for the four species based CST and HLC was camelina > rape > soybean > oil sunflower. It is possible for camelina to grow in saline soil in North of China after its suitable cultivation system is established.
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Walczak, Felicyta, Maria Golinowska, Anna Tratwal, and Andrzej Bandyk. "Effectiveness of Rape Protection Against Pests in the Years 2006-2009 in Poland." Journal of Plant Protection Research 52, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-012-0053-0.
Full textAbstract:
Effectiveness of Rape Protection Against Pests in the Years 2006-2009 in Poland Long-term research on the intensification of economically significant pests in rape cultivation has been conducted by the Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute (PPI - NRI) Poznań, Poland. This research has allowed for a determination of the economic effectiveness of chemical plant protection against pests. The research was conducted during the 2006-2009 time period. Results showed that the economic effectiveness expressed in approximate profitability indexes E1 and E2 in rape cultivation in Poland was diversified. The values were influenced by the selling prices of rape, intensification of pest occurrence, and yield. To prevent losses in yields, chemical crop protection has been implemented. In 2006, rape underwent an average of two treatments against pests: one against diseases and one reducing weed infestation. The primary rape-attacking pests from 2006 to 2009 were: rape pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.), cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynous quadridenz Penz), cabbage seed weevil (Ceutrohynorus assimillis Payk.) and pod gall midge (Dasyneura brassicae Winn.).
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Kozłowski, Jan, Tomasz Kałuski, Monika Jaskulska, and Maria Kozłowska. "Initial Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Selected Active Substances in Reducing Damage To Rape Plants Caused By Arion Lusitanicus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Arionidae)." Journal of Plant Protection Research 50, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-010-0086-1.
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Initial Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Selected Active Substances in Reducing Damage To Rape Plants Caused By Arion Lusitanicus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Arionidae) Spray forms of various chemical compounds including compounds of plant origin, molluscicides, and insecticides were tested in order to investigate their possibilities for reducing damage to young rape plants caused by the slug Arion lusitanicus Mabille, 1868. Among them, abamectin (0.2%), methiocarb (0.5%) and metaldehyde (1.0%) reduced damage to the plants, although metaldehyde remained active for only nine days. These three chemical compounds were not phytotoxic to rape plants, and none of them proved lethal to the slugs at the concentration used. The reduction in rape plant damage was obtained as a result of their deterrent and/or antifeedant action. The results indicate that abamectin has high potential usefulness in protecting winter rape seedlings from slugs.
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Mintāle, Zane, and Māra Vikmane. "Changes of Photosynthesis-Related Parameters and Productivity of Spring Oilseed Rape under Different Nitrogen and Sulphur Fertilizers Supply." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 6, 2015): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol1.816.
Full textAbstract:
Fertilization with essential mineral elements is important to get high quality yield results. The lack of necessary mineral elements in soil can affect oilseed rape plant physiological functions, photosynthesis and plant productivity. Oilseed rape plants have high requirements for nitrogen and as oil crop – for sulphur. The aim of the investigation was to explain changes of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in spring oilseed rape leaves and yield changes under nitrogen and sulphur supply. During laboratory experiments changes of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and during field experiments changes of yield parameters under different nitrogen and sulphur supply were observed. Laboratory and field experiments showed that sulphur fertilizer rate 18 kg ha-1 is the most effective sulphur dose for spring oilseed rape, when nitrogen 55 kg ha-1 is added, because its presence has positive effect on photosynthetic reactions. There was found out in laboratory experiments that chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and PI can be used to describe sulphur and nitrogen mineral element supply efficacy on spring oilseed rape. There was observed in the field experiment that oilseed rape yield increases significantly (from +0.34 t ha-1 to +0.64 t ha-1) under optimal (S18N55) nutrient supply, but lack of sulphur leads to significant yield losses. To avoid excessive fertilizer usage, its negative impact on plant physiology and yield losses, we consider that sulphur: nitrogen = 1:3 as additional fertilizer is optimal for spring oilseed rape plants.
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Olle, Margit. "The effect of vermicompost and K+amino on the winter rape growth." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 6 (November 30, 2023): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2023.003160.
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Vermicompost contains a high concentration of macro- and micronutrients, vitamins, growth hormones, enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, and chitinases, as well as immobilized microflora. Vermicompost improves plant germination, growth, biomass, and yield. K+amino is a biologically active liquid soil amendment that is suitable for organic gardens of all types. It is a 100 % veganic growth- and health-promoting liquid microbial inoculant for all plant types, particularly fast-growing crops like vegetables, fruits, and blooms. The purpose of investigation was to look the effect of vermicompost and k+amino on the winter rape germination and growth. Methods: There were six treatments: 1. A rape (means a rape crop in Aru Agricultural Ltd. soil), 2. A rape+YaraBela AXAN 0.3g per pot, 3. A rape+vermicompost 7.9 g per pot in the soil+the vermiextract is sprayed on the plants 1 week after sowing, 2 weeks after sowing, both treatments 1:30, 33 ml extract per 1 L water, 4. A rape+vermicompost 7.9 g per pot in the soil, 5. A rape+vermiextract is sprayed on the plants 1 week after sowing, 2 weeks after sowing, both treatments 1:30, 33 ml extract per 1 L water, 6. A rape+K+Amino biostimulator is sprayed on the plants 1 week after sowing, 2 weeks after sowing, both treatments 5 ml K+Amino per 1 L water. Results: Rape plants were elongated in treatment with YaraBela AXAN. Stem diameter was largest in K+Amino treatment. Root length was lowest in treatment with vermicompst extract (soil was too moisty and compacted). Conclusions: Vermicompost tended to improve plant growth, while stem diameter was largely increased by using k+amino fertilizer. It turns out both actually are good sources of mineral nutrients and also different enzymes and microbes, which help plants grow
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Kotková, B., J. Balík, J. Černý, M. Kulhánek, and M. Bazalová. "Crop influence on mobile sulphur content and arylsulphatase activity in the plant rhizosphere." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 3 (March 19, 2008): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2776-pse.
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The changes of mobile sulphur (S) contents were investigated in the plant rhizosphere using precise model experiments with rhizoboxes. The tested plants were winter wheat (<I>Triticum aestivum</I> L.), winter rape (<I>Brassica napus</I> L.) and white lupine (<I>Lupinus albus</I> L.). In this experiment, a Cambisol from a precise field experiment treated with sewage sludge or manure was used. Total extractable S concentration and mineral S (S-SO<sup>2-</sup><sub>4</sub>) concentration in the water extract were higher in the plant rhizosphere (< 6 mm from the root) compared to the so-called bulk soil (> 6 mm). The contents of total extractable S<sup>0</sup> decreased in order: lupine (5–35 mg/kg) > rape (4–18 mg/kg) > wheat (1.5–3 mg/kg). The same order was observed for mineral S- SO<sup>2-</sup><sub>4</sub>where the contents in soil extracts were 1–10 mg/kg, 2–7 mg/kg, and 0.5–3 mg/kg, respectively. The highest total extractable S and mineral S (S- SO<sup>2-</sup><sub>4</sub>) contents were found in the treatments fertilized with organic fertilizers. In the case of rape and wheat the arylsulphatase (ARS) activity was higher in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil; the opposite was recorded for lupine. It was acknowledged that the ARS activity was higher in the treatments fertilized with organic fertilizers (manure or sewage sludge) with all three tested plants. The highest determined ARS activity was found after wheat cultivation, the lowest after the lupine cultivation. The organic sulphur content followed an opposite tendency (lupine > rape > wheat).
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Pan, Sheng Wang, Sheng Xian Cao, Mao Ping He, and Li Jian Yang. "Effects of Multispecies Phytoremediation on the Fate of Phenanthrene and Pyrene in Soils." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2387.
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The potentials of three plant species, rape, alfalfa and white clover, separately or jointly on the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils were estimated by pots experiments. Results showed that the presence of vegetation apparently enhanced the dissipation of PAHs at initial concentrations ranging from 20.05 to 322.06 mg·kg-1, but the efficacy enhanced varied greatly among plant species and cropping patterns. Within 70-day experiment, alfalfa and white clover showed higher efficiencies for the removal of PAHs than those of rape, and mixed cropping greatly enhanced the dissipation of PAHs as compared to single cropping. On average 74.87% of phenanthrene or 62.81% of pyrene were removed from soils with mixed cropping of rape and alfalfa, and 72.01% of phenanthren or 68.44% of pyrene removed by mixed cropping of rape and white clover. Under similar pollution level, PAHs accumulated in plant, irrespective of root and shoot, was much lower in mutli-planted treatments than in mono-planted ones. Results suggested a feasibility of the establishment of multispecies remediation for enforcing the dissipation of PAHs, which may also decrease the accumulations of PAHs in plant and thus reduce their risks to humans.
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Skellern, Matthew P., Suzanne J. Clark, Andrew W. Ferguson, Nigel P. Watts, and Samantha M. Cook. "Banker Plant Bonuses? The Benefits and Risks of Including Brassicas in Field Margins to Promote Conservation Biocontrol of Specialist Pests in Oilseed Rape." Insects 14, no. 4 (March 31, 2023): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14040349.
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European agri-environment schemes include the use of flower-rich field margins to promote on-farm biodiversity, but species mixtures rarely include Brassicaceae. As pests of oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus) and their parasitoids are mostly brassica specialists, including brassica ‘banker plants’ in the mixtures would help support these important biocontrol agents and improve pest control throughout the crop rotation. We assessed the potential of six brassicaceous plants (replicated plots grown in the field) to enhance populations of parasitoids of OSR pests whilst minimising proliferation of their pest hosts. Fodder radish (Raphanus sativus) facilitated high production of parasitoids of the pollen beetle pest (Brassicogethes aeneus) but may proliferate Ceutorhynchus weevil pests due to low parasitism. Turnip rape (B. rapa) and the B. rapa hybrid ‘Tyfon’ showed potential to perform a trap cropping function for pests, but their early flowering phenology resulted in B. aeneus larvae escaping parasitisation, potentially assisting proliferation of this pest. Forage rape B. napus exhibited similarly high B. aeneus parasitoid production characteristics to R. sativus but did not potentiate problems with other pests, indicating that it would be a favourable banker plant option. Careful selection of plants in field margin mixtures is therefore needed to maximise their benefits and ideally the whole crop pest-beneficial complex needs to be studied, as focus on a single major pest risks unintended consequences with other pest problems.
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Tulisalo, Unto, and Tuomo Wuori. "Blossom beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) as a yield factor in turnip rape (Brassica campestris L.)." Agricultural and Food Science 58, no. 5 (December 1, 1986): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72236.
Full textAbstract:
Over the period from 1972—1982 the incidence of blossom beetles and their effect on yield formation in rape were studied infield trials and cage experiments at the Agricultural Research Centre, Vantaa, near Helsinki. The beetles migrated to the winter rape stands in May, when maximum daily temperatures rose above + 15°C, and the migration to the spring rape stands occurred about three weeks later. The population peak in both winter and spring rapes occurred just before flowering. During the 1970’s the diminishing cultivation of winter turnip rape, the chief host of the blossom beetle, together with an increase in the extent of spring rapes resulted in the reduction of beetle populations to such low levels that intensive control measures were not required until 1981. It appears that the blossom beetles are gradually adapting themselves to the developmental rhytm of spring turnip rape. In the cage experiments beetles were maintained on the plants a) from the seedling stage to flowering, b) from flowering to maturity and c) from the seedling stage to maturity, starting with populations of 5, 15 or 25 beetles/plant. In the first treatment the beetles had no significant effect upon yields, as the plants were able to compensate for the injuries. In the other treatments even the lowest population density reduced yields. The larvae, too, contributed to the yield loss. Apparently a vigorous stand can tolerate large numbers of beetles up to a few days before flowering, provided they are promptly destroyed after that. In the field trials, yield losses caused by natural populations of beetles ranged from 0—34 %. Even lower incidences than 2 beetles/plant caused measurable losses in yield. The injured plants produced fewer siliquas than the control plants, but tended to compensate by increasing seed number and seed weight. The trial results confirm that the threshold level, 1 beetle/plant at the early bud stage, should be followed. On the other hand they clearly demonstrate that the threshold level is essentially dependent upon the growing conditions and time of injury. For fully effective control generally two applications of insecticide are needed. The best control strategy in the future will probably involve a comprehensive regional application eg. in two to three year sequences in order to prevent the beetle populations from building up to excessive levels.
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Stringam, G. R., D. F. Degenhardt, M. R. Thiagarajah, and V. K. Bansal. "Quantum summer rape." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 903–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-151.
Full textAbstract:
Quantum is a canola quality cultivar adapted to the B. napus growing regions of western Canada. It combines high yield, good lodging resistance, excellent resistance to blackleg disease, and is superior in all of these traits to Legend, Delta, and Profit. Key words: Rape (summer), cultivar description, high yield, blackleg resistant, lodging resistant