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Journal articles on the topic 'Rapa Nui'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Gonschor, Lorenz. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 19, no. 1 (2007): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2007.0013.

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Gonschor, Lorenz. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 20, no. 1 (2007): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2008.0022.

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3

Gonschor, Lorenz. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 21, no. 1 (2009): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2009.0003.

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4

Gonschor, Lorenz. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 22, no. 1 (2010): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2010.0050.

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Gonschor, Lorenz. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 23, no. 1 (2011): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2011.0031.

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6

Young, Forrest Wade. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 24, no. 1 (2012): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2012.0021.

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7

Young, Forrest Wade. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 25, no. 1 (2013): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2013.0026.

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8

Young, Forrest Wade. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 26, no. 1 (2014): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2014.0016.

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9

Young, Forrest Wade. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 27, no. 1 (2015): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2015.0020.

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10

Young, Forrest Wade. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 28, no. 1 (2016): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2016.0022.

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Young, Forrest Wade. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 30, no. 1 (2018): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2018.0014.

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12

Young, Forrest Wade. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 31, no. 1 (2019): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2019.0017.

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13

Young, Forrest Wade. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 32, no. 1 (2020): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2020.0019.

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14

Morowitz, Harold J. "Rapa Nui." Hospital Practice 29, no. 5 (May 15, 1994): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21548331.1994.11443014.

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15

Young, Forrest Wade. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 29, no. 1 (2017): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2017.0013.

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16

Young, Forrest Wade. "Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 33, no. 1 (2021): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2021.0017.

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17

Alvarez, R. V., and J. Sperling. "Restoration on Rapa Nui." Ecological Restoration 28, no. 4 (November 15, 2010): 422–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.28.4.422.

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18

Sayers, Merlyn. "The Rapa Nui caveat." Transfusion 49, no. 2 (February 2009): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01962.x.

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19

Junk, C., and M. Claussen. "Simulated climate variability in the region of Rapa Nui during the last millennium." Climate of the Past 7, no. 2 (June 6, 2011): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-579-2011.

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Abstract. Rapa Nui, an isolated island in the Southeast Pacific, was settled by the Polynesians most likely around 1200 AD and was discovered by the Europeans in 1722 AD. While the Polynesians presumably found a profuse palm woodland on Rapa Nui, the Europeans faced a landscape dominated by grassland. Scientists have examined potential anthropogenic, biological and climatic induced vegetation changes on Rapa Nui. Here, we analyse observational climate data for the last decades and climate model results for the period 800–1750 AD to explore the potential for a climatic-induced vegetation change. A direct influence of the ENSO phenomenon on the climatic parameters of Rapa Nui could not be found in the model simulations. Furthermore, strong climatic trends from a warm Medieval Period to a Little Ice Age or rapid climatic fluctuations due to large volcanic eruptions were not verifiable for the Rapa Nui region, although they are detectable in the simulations for many regions world wide. Hence, we tentatively conclude that large-scale climate changes in the oceanic region around Rapa Nui might be too small to explain strong vegetation changes on the island over the last millennium.
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20

MAH, CHRISTOPHER L. "The East Pacific/South Pacific Boundary: New taxa and occurrences from Rapa Nui (Easter Island), New Caledonia and adjacent regions." Zootaxa 4980, no. 3 (June 2, 2021): 401–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.3.1.

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Recent expeditions to Rapa Nui (also known as Easter Island) and New Caledonia have revealed undescribed species from mesophotic and deeper depths. This includes three new species from Rapa Nui, Hacelia raaraa, Linckia profunda (Ophidiasteridae), Uokeaster ahi (Asterodiscididae) and two new species from New Caledonia, Astroglypha pyramidata n. gen. and Ophidiaster colossus (Ophidiasteridae). The new genus Astroglypha is described for A. pyramidata but the genus also includes the Atlantic Tamaria passiflora, which is reassigned herein. Pauliastra n. gen. is designated as a replacement for the homonym issue with Pauliella. New occurrences and synonymies are addressed for taxa related to New Caledonia, Rapa Nui and adjacent regions. A morphology based phylogenetic analysis agrees with prior work which placed Goniaster among the Asterodiscididae and posits biogeographic relationships among asterodiscidid genera. Implications for the Goniasteridae and placement of Goniaster among asterodiscidid genera are discussed. Biogeography and relationships among taxa from Rapa Nui and New Caledonia are reviewed. In situ observations from species observed from Rapa Nui are included.
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21

Padgett, Antoinette. "What's New On Rapa Nui." Rapa Nui Journal 29, no. 1 (2015): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rnj.2015.0007.

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22

Makihara, Miki. "Being Rapa Nui, speaking Spanish." Anthropological Theory 5, no. 2 (June 2005): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499605053995.

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23

Cárdenas-Valenzuela, Julio, and Octavio Binvignat-Gutiérrez. "Glosario Anatómico Etnográfico Rapa Nui." International Journal of Morphology 37, no. 1 (2019): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022019000100258.

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24

Padgett, Antoinette. "What’s New on Rapa Nui." Rapa Nui Journal 30, no. 1 (2016): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rnj.2016.0011.

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25

Padgett, Antoinette. "What's New on Rapa Nui." Rapa Nui Journal 30, no. 2 (2016): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rnj.2016.0038.

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26

Lee, Georgia. "Rapa Nui. Island of Memory." Rapa Nui Journal 30, no. 2 (2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rnj.2016.0040.

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27

Siekiera, Joanna. "Implications of Easter Island Protests – Breach of Rapa Nui Rights by Chile in the Context of National, American and Universal Legal Systems." Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 21, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 98–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718158-02101005.

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The aim of the article is to present, as well as to analyse legally, the situation of the indigenous population of Rapa Nui in the territory of Chile. Rapa Nui, officially called Easter Island, is an island in the Pacific Ocean basin. It was illegally annexed by Chile in 1888; since then, violations of the rights of native peoples have been observed. The legal-political situation of Rapa Nui (also the name for the inhabitants of Easter Island) is challenging due to the Chilean government’s actions towards them. Instances of human rights breaches can be seen in, inter alia, the failure to respect the right to self-determination as well as the right to environmental protection. The article will also consider breaches of very basic human rights by the Chilean government such as the rights to freedom of speech and assembly. The article firstly examines the actual situation in which the indigenous people of Rapa Nui find themselves. Secondly, such analysis will consider the legal situation, in light of both regional (i.e. American) and universal norms. These legal frameworks provide an explicit legal basis that can be used to improve the problematic position of Rapa Nui. The American regional norms, however, are still at the stage of creation and execution. There are a series of judgments from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which de jure can help the people of Rapa Nui in regaining their freedoms, primarily their right to protest.
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28

Finney, Ben. "Voyage to Polynesia's land's end." Antiquity 75, no. 287 (March 2001): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0005287x.

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Evidence that the earliest settlers on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) may have come from Mangareva and its outlying islands in Central East Polynesia is supported by the journey of the experimental voyaging canoe Hōkūle'a from Mangareva to Rapa Nui.
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29

DiNapoli, Robert J., Carl P. Lipo, Timothy S. de Smet, and Terry L. Hunt. "Thermal Imaging Shows Submarine Groundwater Discharge Plumes Associated with Ancient Settlements on Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 2531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132531.

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Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is an important component of many coastal environments and hydrologic processes, providing sources of nutrients to marine ecosystems, and potentially, an important source of fresh water for human populations. Here, we use a combination of unpiloted aerial systems (UAS) thermal infrared (TIR) imaging and salinity measurements to characterize SGD on the remote East Polynesian island of Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile). Previous research has shown that coastal freshwater seeps are abundant on Rapa Nui and strongly associated with the locations of ancient settlement sites. We currently lack, however, information on the differential magnitude or quality of these sources of fresh water. Our UAS-based TIR results from four locations on Rapa Nui suggest that locations of variably-sized SGD plumes are associated with many ancient settlement sites on the island and that these water sources are resilient to drought events. These findings support previous work indicating that ancient Rapa Nui communities responded to the inherent and climate-induced hydrological challenges of the island by focusing on these abundant and resilient freshwater sources. Our results highlight the efficacy of using UAS-based TIR for detecting relatively small SGD locations and provide key insights on the potential uses of these water sources for past and current Rapa Nui communities.
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30

Kabylinsky, Boris V. "Commercial representation of graven image at easter island in a conflict area." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 20, no. 3-4 (December 26, 2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2072-2354.2020.20.2.5-9.

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The article provides authors reflections on the conflict nature of capitalism at Rapa Nui (Easter Island), inspired by impressions of his own participation in the anthropological expedition to the island in August 2019. As the methodological basis of the study, the author uses the works of Professor V. Malloy, his scientific followers and also own notes of conversations with Doctor P. Pouwnell, whose fate has been connected with Rapa-Nui for more than 60 years. The article is an attempt to separate the most popular misconceptions about Rapa Nui in mass culture from the real history of the famous moai (monuments).
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31

Peiser, Benny. "From Genocide to Ecocide: The Rape of Rapa Nui." Energy & Environment 16, no. 3-4 (July 2005): 513–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958305054672385.

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The ‘decline and fall’ of Easter Island and its alleged self-destruction has become the poster child of a new environmentalist historiography, a school of thought that goes hand-in-hand with predictions of environmental disaster. Why did this exceptional civilisation crumble? What drove its population to extinction? These are some of the key questions Jared Diamond endeavours to answer in his new book Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive. According to Diamond, the people of Easter Island destroyed their forest, degraded the island's topsoil, wiped out their plants and drove their animals to extinction. As a result of this self-inflicted environmental devastation, its complex society collapsed, descending into civil war, cannibalism and self-destruction. While his theory of ecocide has become almost paradigmatic in environmental circles, a dark and gory secret hangs over the premise of Easter Island's self-destruction: An actual genocide terminated Rapa Nui's indigenous populace and its culture. Diamond, however, ignores and fails to address the true reasons behind Rapa Nui's collapse. Why has he turned the victims of cultural and physical extermination into the perpetrators of their own demise? This paper is a first attempt to address this disquieting quandary. It describes the foundation of Diamond's environmental revisionism and explains why it does not hold up to scientific scrutiny.
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32

DiNapoli, Robert J., Carl P. Lipo, and Terry L. Hunt. "Triumph of the Commons: Sustainable Community Practices on Rapa Nui (Easter Island)." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 12118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112118.

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The history of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) has long been framed as a parable for how societies can fail catastrophically due to the selfish actions of individuals and a failure to wisely manage common-pool resources. While originating in the interpretations made by 18th-century visitors to the island, 20th-century scholars recast this narrative as a “tragedy of the commons,” assuming that past populations were unsustainable and selfishly overexploited the limited resources on the island. This narrative, however, is now at odds with a range of archaeological, ethnohistoric, and environmental evidence. Here, we argue that while Rapa Nui did experience large-scale deforestation and ecological changes, these must be contextualized given past land-use practices on the island. We provide a synthesis of this evidence, showing that Rapa Nui populations were sustainable and avoided a tragedy of the commons through a variety of community practices. We discuss this evidence in the context of Elinor Ostrom’s “core design principles” for sustainable communities and argue that Rapa Nui provides a model for long-term sustainability.
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33

Auden, Wystan Hugh. "Rapa nui: Back from the brink." UNESCO Courier 2019, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/f7edb683-en.

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34

Hunt, Terry L., and Carl P. Lipo. "Revisiting Rapa Nui (Easter Island) “Ecocide”." Pacific Science 63, no. 4 (October 2009): 601–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2984/049.063.0407.

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35

Carl P. Lipo and Terry L. Hunt. "A.D. 1680 and Rapa Nui Prehistory." Asian Perspectives 48, no. 2 (2009): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asi.2009.0001.

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36

Stevenson, Christopher M., Thegn N. Ladefoged, Sonia Haoa, Oliver Chadwick, and Cedric Puleston. "Prehistoric Obsidian Exchange on Rapa Nui." Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 8, no. 1 (January 2013): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564894.2012.745457.

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37

Young, Forrest Wade. "'I Hē Koe?: Placing Rapa Nui." Contemporary Pacific 24, no. 1 (2012): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2012.0000.

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38

Ramírez Aliaga, José Miguel. "Aldea ceremonial de Orongo, Rapa Nui." Márgenes. Espacio Arte y Sociedad 14, no. 21 (January 28, 2022): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/margenes.2021.14.21.3094.

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La Aldea Ceremonial de Orongo es uno de los íconos de la arqueología rapanui. Su uso público intensivo y la fragilidad de su arquitectura hacen de su conservación un problema permanente. Se analizan los datos que explican su precariedad, se evalúan las intervenciones realizadas y se proponen medidas para una conservación integral en el largo plazo.
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39

Shepherd, Bart, Tyler Phelps, Hudson T. Pinheiro, Alejandro Pérez-Matus, and Luiz A. Rocha. "Plectranthias ahiahiata, a new species of perchlet from a mesophotic ecosystem at Rapa Nui (Easter Island) (Teleostei, Serranidae, Anthiadinae)." ZooKeys 762 (May 31, 2018): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.762.24618.

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A new species of the perchlet genus Plectranthias is herein described from a single specimen found at Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in the South Pacific. Plectranthiasahiahiata sp. n. was collected at a depth of 83 m in a mesophotic coral ecosystem at Rapa Nui. The main difference between Plectranthiasahiahiata and other members of the genus is higher fin-ray counts (X, 18 dorsal; 18 pectoral) and its distinctive coloration. Compared to the three other known eastern South Pacific species, P.ahiahiata has more dorsal-fin rays, more pectoral-fin rays, fewer tubed lateral-line scales, fewer gill rakers, a longer head relative to SL, a very short first dorsal spine relative to SL, and a short third anal spine relative to SL. Plectranthiasahiahiata is distinguished from western Pacific species, by having more dorsal- and pectoral-fin rays. The closest relative based on genetic divergence (with 12.3% uncorrected divergence in the mitochondrial COI gene) is Plectranthiaswinniensis, a widely distributed species, suggesting important links between Rapa Nui and western Pacific islands. This new species adds to the high endemism of the Rapa Nui ichthyofauna, and is further evidence of the importance of mesophotic reefs as unique communities.
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40

Siekiera, Joanna. "Prawna sytuacja ludności Rapa Nui w świetle regionalnych norm prawa międzynarodowego." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia 74 (November 15, 2019): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/b.2019.74.0.281-295.

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Celem artykułu było zaprezentowanie sytuacji ludności Rapa Nui (Wyspy Wielkanocnej) oraz dokonanie jej prawnej analizy w świetle regionalnych norm prawa międzynarodowego. Rapa Nui została zaanektowana przez Chile w 1888 r. Od tego czasu obserwuje się łamanie praw ludności autochtonicznej zamieszkującej Wyspę. Sytuacja prawna mieszkańców Wyspy Wielkanocnej jest trudna ze względu na nierespektowanie przez chilijski rząd m.in. prawa do samostanowienia czy prawa do ochrony środowiska naturalnego. Założeniem badawczym było omówienie sytuacji faktycznej, w jakiej znajdują się autochtoni, oraz skonfrontowanie jej z sytuacją prawną, która daje sposobność do polepszenia trudnej pozycji Rapa Nui. Istnieje szereg norm prawa regionalnego Ameryki, wraz z serią wyroków Międzyamerykańskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka, które mogą pomóc w faktycznym odzyskaniu swobód przez miejscową ludność, a także doprowadzić do poprawy ich sytuacji materialnej. Zastosowana metoda badawcza to metoda analizy prawnej, polegająca na analizie treści obowiązujących regulacji prawnych, umów prawa wewnętrznego, regionalnego sądownictwa oraz międzynarodowych porozumień regulujących sytuację mniejszości autochtonicznych, a także wewnętrznych danych urzędowych. Wyniki wskazują na konkretne możliwości prawne dla ludności Rapa Nui, która ma podstawy egzekwować swoje prawa w zakresie uniwersalnych swobód obywatelskich, respektowania ich konstytucyjnych praw społecznych i ekonomicznych wraz z prawem do życia w czystym środowisku naturalnym.
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41

Giroti, André Marsola, Darko D. Cotoras, Pedro Lazo, and Antonio Domingos Brescovit. "First endemic arachnid from Isla Sala y Gómez (Motu Motiro Hiva), Chile: a new species of tube-dwelling spider (Araneae: Segestriidae)." European Journal of Taxonomy 722 (October 30, 2020): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.722.1137.

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The Isla Sala y Gómez or Motu Motiro Hiva is located 415 km northeast of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and 3420 km from the coast of northern Chile. It is a small oceanic island (2.5 km2) dominated by volcanic rock with very little vegetal cover. Here, we describe the first endemic arachnid for the island, Ariadna motumotirohiva sp. nov. Females are similar to those of Ariadna perkinsi Simon, 1900 from Hawaiʻi and Ariadna lebronneci Berland, 1933 from the Marquesas in the dorsal dark abdominal pattern, but they differentiate from the latter in the anterior receptaculum, promarginal cheliceral teeth and leg IV macrosetae. A recent survey of the arachnid fauna of Rapa Nui, which included Motu Nui and the rocky shores, did not record the presence of the family Segestriidae, neither has it been found during previous surveys. However, it is not possible to discard the possibility of a local extinction on Rapa Nui and survival on Sala y Gómez. This study suggests other endemic terrestrial arthropods could be present on this very small and remote island.
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42

Milin, Théo. "Ariki Tapati Rapa Nui - Reinas de la Tapati Rapa Nui: análisis de un dispositivo festivo y genérico." Antropologías del Sur 7, no. 14 (December 31, 2020): 207–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25074/rantros.v7i14.1616.

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Este artículo aborda el festival cultural de la Tapati Rapa Nui desde su figura “clave”, la reina, o ariki Tapati. Consideramos aquí la elección de la reina como un “dispositivo festivo” adoptado por la comunidad rapanui que ha ido cambiado según propuestas identitarias y culturales. Por lo tanto, la reina es una figura que, por sus tensiones, desarrollo y continuidades, nos habla, en filigrana, de una trayectoria de rapanuización. Ella surge después de un proceso ritual, dinámico y cambiante, que desarrolla mecanismos propios del grupo, los cuales participan en su reproducción social. Al pasar por este proceso, combinando trabajo comunitario (ʻumaŋa) y competencia (‘a’ati), la reina se encuentra sometida a varias limitaciones y obligaciones. También adquiere prerrogativas y un poder de representación al convertirse en “el rostro de la comunidad”.
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43

Gomez, Rodrigo. "Translating Decolonisation." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 42, no. 2 (August 1, 2011): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v42i2.5139.

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Rodrigo Gomez is a Chilean lawyer who completed a Master of Arts in Pacific Studies with Distinction at Victoria University of Wellington in 2010. The thesis was on the self-determination of the people of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). The thesis begins with this poem. It was written before the troubles in Hanga Roa of July 2010 but is well contextualised by those and more recent events on Easter Island. "Sangrienta repression en Rapa Nui" (2010) The Clinic <www.theclinic.cl>.
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44

Commendador, Amy S., John V. Dudgeon, Benjamin T. Fuller, and Bruce P. Finney. "Radiocarbon Dating Human Skeletal Material on Rapa Nui: Evaluating the Effect of Uncertainty in Marine-Derived Carbon." Radiocarbon 56, no. 1 (2014): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.16923.

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A primary concern with dating skeletal material from oceanic environments is the effect of marine-derived carbon on resulting radiocarbon ages. Due to uncertainties in local marine reservoir effects and the proportion of marine carbon incorporated in bone, dates from archaeological skeletal material exhibiting marine dietary signatures have previously been characterized as problematic and removed from further analysis. While in certain instances this may be appropriate, in others it is not. This article presents 26 new 14C dates obtained from human teeth (dentin collagen) on Rapa Nui. The effect of the local marine reservoir on 14C ages is evaluated assuming a range of incorporated marine-derived carbon. The results indicate that the Rapa Nui 14C ages are not significantly different under varying realistic extreme ranges in estimates of the proportion of marine carbon consumed. The article argues that this is primarily due to the small local marine reservoir effect measured in Rapa Nui and relatively lower reliance on marine resources in the prehistoric and protohistoric population.
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45

Fortin, Moira. "La re-creación de la ‘tradición’ en el teatro contemporáneo māori y diaspórico samoano en Aotearoa. ¿Una fuente de inspiración para la producción del teatro contemporáneo rapanui?" Antropologías del Sur 7, no. 14 (December 31, 2020): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25074/rantros.v7i14.1566.

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Este artículo explora cómo se imaginan, recrean e interpretan las nociones de ‘tradición’ a través del teatro contemporáneo en dos contextos del Pacífico: Aotearoa y Rapa Nui. Los practicantes de teatro maorí y samoano en Aotearoa han desarrollado formas y procesos teatrales basados en valores culturales y epistemologías propias que, a la vez, integran con técnicas teatrales europeas, creando enfoques innovadores. En Rapa Nui hay una reticencia general en las artes escénicas a desviarse de la ‘tradición’. El distinto énfasis puesto en la re-creación de la ‘tradición’ en estos contextos comparativos ha llevado a que las posibilidades artísticas sean muy diferentes. Esta diferencia se basa en que en Aotearoa la producción teatral indígena está respaldada por educación teatral, mientras que en Rapa Nui esta posibilidad aún no existe. El enfoque del teatro indígena en Aotearoa podría servir como fuente de inspiración para la producción de teatro contemporáneo rapanui donde puedan converger una variedad de influencias y técnicas culturales.
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46

Martinsson-Wallin, Helene, and Susan J. Crockford. "Early Settlement of Rapa Nui (Easter Island)." Asian Perspectives 40, no. 2 (2001): 244–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asi.2001.0016.

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47

LADEFOGED, THEGN N., CHRISTOPHER M. STEVENSON, SONIA HAOA, MARA MULROONEY, CEDRIC PULESTON, PETER M. VITOUSEK, and OLIVER A. CHADWICK. "Soil nutrient analysis of Rapa Nui gardening." Archaeology in Oceania 45, no. 2 (July 2010): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2010.tb00082.x.

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48

Hovde, Karen. "Index to Rapa Nui Journal 1988-1996." Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian 16, no. 2 (May 15, 1998): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j103v16n02_03.

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49

Luna, Nicolas, Andrea I. Varela, Guillermo Luna-Jorquera, and Katherina Brokordt. "Effect of predation risk and ectoparasitic louse flies on physiological stress condition of the red-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) from Rapa Nui and Salas & Gómez islands." PeerJ 8 (July 8, 2020): e9088. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9088.

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Background Introduced predators at seabird colonies and parasites may have lethal and/or sub-lethal consequences for bird populations. We assessed the potential sub-lethal negative effects of these stressors in a native seabird listed as vulnerable in its south-eastern pacific distribution. This study was conducted in two red-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) colonies, one located in Rapa Nui Island, which is threatened by the presence of introduced predators, and the other located in Salas & Gómez Island, which has no introduced predators, but birds are infested by ectoparasitic louse flies. Methods The effects on physiological stress traits of both, predation risk on different nest types (protected and exposed) on Rapa Nui, and different levels of louse flies’ parasitic loads on Salas & Gómez were studied. Three variables were analyzed: the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, the transcriptional levels of mRNA HSP70 in blood, and the body condition. These stress indicators and leukocyte counts were compared between colonies. Results No significant differences were found in any stress indicator between different nest types within Rapa Nui, showing that the effect of predator’s presence was the same for adults nesting in both, protected and exposed nests. No significant correlation was found between louse flies’ parasitic loads and any stress indicators in the birds of Salas & Gómez. Also, there was no difference in any stress indicator between islands. However, a significant opposite trend between islands was found in the eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts when related to body condition. Conclusions We found a lack of significant differentiation in all the stress level indicators assessed within and between islands. The presence of louse flies in Salas & Gómez vs. the absence of this parasite at Rapa Nui may be the cause for the significant difference in the trend of eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts between the islands. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the reason for this difference and to better investigate the lethal effects of introduced predators on the Rapa Nui colony to evaluate appropriate conservation measures for this native seabird.
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50

Cole, Anthony, and John Flenley. "Human settlement of Easter Island – a competing hypothesis." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 98, no. 1 (March 2007): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691007000072.

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ABSTRACTThis paper draws on epistemology, theory, published data, hypothesis testing and synthesis to explore the predictive and explanatory power of a far-from-equilibrium interpretation of the history of human settlement on Rapa Nui. Our interpretation of the last 1500 years of human settlement on Rapa Nui provides an important competing hypothesis by which to test the explanatory power of earlier equilibrium interpretations of this history. Our evaluation of this competing hypothesis suggests that it provides, overall, a more satisfactory theory that has interesting implications for the goal of sustaining human civilisation.
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