Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rapa Nui'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Rapa Nui.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Rapa Nui.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Tepano, Martin Ariki. "Educación Rapa Nui : revitalización del idioma y cultura Ma'ori Rapa Nui." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/147495.
Full textAbstract:
SEMINARIO PARA OPTAR AL TITULO DE INGENIERO COMERCIAL, MENCIÓN CIENCIAS ECONOMICASEsta tesis analiza el Sistema de Educación instaurado en Rapa-Nui, y su rol en la revitalización del idioma y cultura local. El estudio parte visualizando los problemas del actual sistema educacional, con un análisis desde los mismos programas que se han desarrollado en las escuelas, junto con determinar las causas político, sociales y educacionales de la inminente perdida del manejo y uso del idioma rapa nui en la comunidad escolar y en general. Este trabajo se centra en justificar la educación de medio rapa nui y los cursos de inmersión, como pilar fundamental para avanzar en un sistema educacional propio, que se haga cargo de revitalizar el idioma rapa nui y su cultura. El análisis utiliza como ejemplo a seguir, dos experiencias internacionales exitosas en revitalización de idioma y cultura, el maorí y el hawaiano. El estudio termina con una discusión en materia de educación indígena, aterrizados a la realidad Rapa-Nui y la relación con las políticas educacionales del Estado de Chile, describiendo como debería ser el sistema educacional rapa nui, que hay que hacer para lograrlo, y que costos se deberían tomar en cuenta en grado de prioridad estratégica.
2
Garrote, Ramos José Ignacio. "Habitando la escuela. Educación y transculturación en Rapa Nui 1914-1965." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130249.
Full textAbstract:
Antropólogo SocialEl presente documento consiste en una exposición de los resultados de un estudio cualitativo y etnohistórico concerniente al impacto sociocultural que tuvo la escuela de Rapa Nui entre el año de su instalación en 1914 y el año 1965, fecha en que el sistema social rapanui sufrirá una fuerte modificación producto de la entrada de la administración civil chilena. Como expondremos en los próximos capítulos, el acelerado cambio social y cultural experimentado por la comunidad rapanui en el siglo XX, se habría ocasionado por múltiples factores sociales, económicos, políticos y culturales. En virtud de lo anterior –y luego de una revisión extensa de la literatura disponible-, en la realización de nuestra memoria hemos buscado profundizar en el sistema educativo formal que se desarrolló en este intervalo, entendiéndolo como uno de los aspectos más influyentes en los procesos de cambio cultural que se produjeron en Rapa Nui durante el siglo precedente, y por ende, como un enclave necesario para comprender la cultura rapanui contemporánea
3
Edmunds, Hernández Lya. "Centro de deportes nauticos Rapa Nui." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100618.
Full text
4
Reyes, Ortiz Francisco. "Reposición Colegio Lorenzo Baeza, Rapa Nui." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115868.
Full text
5
Riquelme, Maturana Andrés O. "Hanga Piko : puerta marítima a Rapa Nui." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111429.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria (arquitecto)Rapa Nui se encuentra en un estado muy deplorable, para la importancia cultural que po¬see, no solo en su contexto geográfico inmediato, sino que para el mundo entero, ya que por sus condiciones patrimoniales la hacen ser una de las Islas más importantes del Océano Pacífico y más aun de la Cultura Polinésica, debido a que es una de los tres vértices de lo que se considera el Triángulo Polinésico (Hawái-Nueva Zelanda- Isla de Pascua). El turismo maritimo en Isla de Pascua se ha vis¬to muy afectado por el creciente tránsito aéreo, ya que prácticamente se ha volcado hacia este medio en desmedro de su historia marítima. Lo que se logra ver reflejado en que las inversiones suelen ir dirigidas hacia el aeropuerto en vez de a obras portuarias para mejorar el arribo de em¬barcaciones, turísticas o comerciales. No se plantea negar el progreso, o el avance de las tecnologías, pero éstas deberían ir a la par de la cultura, valores sociales y patrimoniales del pueblo Rapa Nui, reafirmando la idea de recupe¬rar esta identidad perdida, dañada y muestra se¬ñales de querer volver por parte de los habitan¬tes no solo de la Isla sino que de toda la región. El proyecto busca poner en valor la identidad de Hanga Piko como una verdadera Puerta Ma-rítima al Territorio, y como un hito clave en la forma de vida ancestral del pueblo Rapa Nui, que por diversos sucesos históricos se vio menguada. Con esto se espera dar una ma¬yor fortaleza a las bases culturales del este pueblo. Además de generar una imagen representativa de Rapa Nui hacia el exterior, otorgando un protago¬nismo al concepto de “Acceder” a un lugar, dando énfasis al valor cultural vivo y patri-monial. Dejando en valor los elementos ar¬queológicos tan deteriorados en el sector y revalorando los elementos patrimoniales y simbólicos que presenta la bahía, dotándola de la infraestructura necesaria para no tan solo generar el acceso a la isla, sino que tam¬bién el inicio del paseo del borde costero.
6
Caglieri, Sánchez Italo. "Hábitat residencial en comunidad Rapa Nui: — Hanga Roa Comuna de Isla de Pascua, Rapa Nui Región de Valparaíso, Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100421.
Full textAbstract:
Isla de Pascua es hoy escenario de una serie de problemas que amenazan el frágil y
particular ecosistema de la Isla, incluso algunos que aceleran el deterioro del extenso
patrimonio arqueológico, de incalculable valor cultural y social, únicos elementos físicos
que dan cuenta de un particular mundo ancestral cuya presencia en tal territorio es aún
un enigma.
Frente a estas problemáticas en materia de desarrollo urbano, energéticas,
medioambientales, económicas y sociales, es necesario que las viviendas que se
desarrollen en estas nuevas áreas de desarrollo urbano de la comuna de Isla de Pascua,
sean coherentes con un desarrollo armónico y sostenible, el cual en la actualidad por
diversas razones no se está generando.
Actualmente se desarrolla una tipología de vivienda unifamiliar mediante subsidio, de
realidad ajena a Rapa Nui, con deficiencias constructivas, de acondicionamiento fisico
ambiental, de materialidad que nada tiene que ver con el lugar, que no reconoce las formas
de vida ni los modos de habitar tradicionales. Se imponen lotes unifamiliares con viviendas
uninucleares, la realidad propone lotes en comunidad, con equipamientos compartidos,
tomar este modo de agrupación espontánea mediante clanes familiares.
7
Mejías, Osorio Daniela. "Tapati Rapa Nui como ejemplo de gestión cultural múltiple." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101287.
Full text
8
Delsing, Maria Riet. "Articulating Rapa Nui : Polynesian cultural politics in Latin American nation-state /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full text
9
Reyes, Standen Alejandro. "Piri te mana'u mana Rapa Nui: — centro etnoturístico de producción sustentable." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100211.
Full textAbstract:
La forma en que entramos en la vida rapanui y en la que pudimos conocer la cultura local
fue especial. Producto de la necesidad de arquitectos para desarrollar pequeños proyectos,
tuvimos la oportunidad de conocer a Tutty Pakomio Paoa, mujer rapanui, que terminó siendo
nuestra anfitriona, al alojarnos en su casa a cambio de un encargo de arquitectura.
El proyecto de arquitectura solicitado por Tutty fue un gran techo en su jardín, que
resguardara al público y albergara los recintos necesarios para realizar comidas y eventos
(cocina, baños, escenario, terraza y lugar para el Umu, curanto típico de la cultura Rapa
Nui). Este encargo surgió de la necesidad de aumentar la capacidad de su recinto, ya que su
taupea (terraza) no alcanzaba a albergar a más de 20 personas, y ya existía demanda para
eventos mayores, recibiendo encargos que a veces llegaban a superar las 200 personas.
Estos eventos se terminaban realizando en gimnasios u otros lugares adaptados para este
uso, significando eventos de inferior calidad, tanto en la “experiencia” étnica como en la
calidad de los productos entregados.
Entendiendo las necesidades urgentes debido a la tensión ambiental y cultural que vive
la isla, comprendimos que las diferentes acciones enfocadas en lo étnico y lo ecológico que
hacía Tutty eran tremendamente positivas para el desarrollo de la isla. Además pudimos
comprobar que existía gran cantidad de recursos destinados a fomentar este tipo de
actividades. Fue así como empezamos a reformular el pequeño proyecto que ella nos
encargó. Supimos que uniendo y potenciando sus acciones podríamos entregar a la isla
un lugar único que, de la mano del etnoturismo, sirviera como ejemplo de desarrollo
sustentable en Rapa Nui.
10
Dahlstrand, Ivan. "Påsköns stenstatyer, moai : Vilket genus representerar de?" Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1534.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract.
The question in this analysis is which gender moai, the big statues on Rapa Nui, represent. My hypothesis is that they have developed from visual symbols to metaphores in mythologies from an polynesian context. That these statues were symbols for human origin and creation of ancestors ideological power, and gods in consideration male gender. In the long isolation, in both time and space, the mytologies in Rapa Nui was changed, and the pictures got a new meaning. These changes depended on clearing of wood and big trees and the following difficult situation in farming. It led to difficult exposure to climatchanges and much more hard work in the cultivation. This happened in the same time as rapanuis life became more dependent on what the earth could producece because of bad fishing and a growing population. The cult of fertility get a more central place in rapanuis religious life. The male metaphore changes to female when the mother of earth, papa, became the most important spiritual force concerning food supply. I mean that moai follow the mythologies change, and developed in both form, size and contents. The theories behind this discussion is the analysis of Karen Armstrong, in how mythologhies change when human go from hunting- to cultivating society, and where she explain how the gender of gods changes from male to female. I also use theories from structuralism that say that human thinking and building mythologies follow an arcetypical pattern, for us to make our world understandable and organized. This analysis, and changed interpretation of moai from male to female representation, is a critical studie of traditional interpretation to “primitiv” art from aborigines and prehistorical humans. I mean the common interpretation of prehistorical pictures in Rapa Nui have a basic europeen code where an abstract male is standard. My theoretical support here is the analysis of Yvonne Hirdmans of gender from a historical perspective. The most important sources I have use in this work comes from archaeology, ethnology and art analythic work on Rapa Nui, with litterature from Jo Anne Van Tilburg, Georgia Lee and more scientist search from the island. I have also made field studies of my own. I hope this analys can contribute toward a critical view of a stereotypical european norm in interpretation of “primitive” and prehistorical art.
11
Gustafsson, Olivia. "Ethical perspectives and cultural differences regarding repatriation and management of human skeletal remains : Rapa Nui case study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423955.
Full textAbstract:
Rapa Nui (Easter Island) is an island in the Pacific Ocean which has been colonised over a long period of time. Colonisers have exploited the island through looting and trading Rapanui (the Indigenous people) human skeletal remains. Around ninety percent of the stolen Rapanui human skeletal remains have been located at museums and collections around the world on Rapanui initiative. Through the Rapa Nui Ka Haka Hoki Mi Ate Mana Tupuna Repatriation Program the Rapanui are now working on the return of the alienated human skeletal remains to the Island. This thesis is an analysis of semi structured interviews with inhabitants on Rapa Nui involved in repatriation and ethics of human skeletal remains. It has been carried out through a qualitative method using semi-structured interviews together with participant observation. The thesis is part of Martinsson-Wallin´s STINT-project ‘Sustainable Visits in Rapa Nui – Glocal Perspectives’. Based on the interviews, the analysis and results are divided into five themes: I) treatment of human skeletal remains, II) what laws exists in treating human skeletal remains, III) the possibility to narrow laws and concretize ethical perspectives before and during a repatriation, IV) theories in post-colonialism and V) recurrent issues between the law of the Indigenous peoples and the national law. Comparison with other cases of repatriation such as Sámi follows in Chapter 7. The results of the analysis show that according to the Rapanui, archaeological artefacts and human skeletal remains should be repatriated. Today the involved parties, the Rapanui and the institutions that are keeping collections from Indigenous cultures, are more willing to redress previous events. Such as, colonialization, violence, and social inequality but there is still a lot of respect and understanding that must be developed within several actors.
12
Pakarati, Trengove Mahina. "Parque patrimonial Vaitea-Rapa Nui. Museo de sitio y rehabilitación agrícola Estancia Vaitea." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/135303.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al título de ArquitectoRapa Nui es conocido a nivel mundial por su condición geográfica, su legado cultural vivo y su gran riqueza arqueológica de origen polinésico, relacionado a la monumentalidad de sus estatuas. Sin embargo, la cultura que lo representa no ha estado marcada sólo por ello, sino también por una serie de hechos históricos que han creado un conjunto de expresiones, producto de un sincretismo entre una cultura preexistente e influencias externas. Una de esas expresiones socioculturales es la que nace del sistema industrializado de explotación ovejera, entre el estado chileno y la compañía de capitales ingleses Williamson Balfour, entre 1895 y1953. Esta actividad industrial ganadera transformó lo social, lo económico y el paisaje del territorio isleño, construyendo un conjunto industrial que reunió los elementos propios de una particular tipología arquitectónica, llamada Estancia Vaitea. Durante el seminario de investigación surge mi interés por estudiar la arquitectura de la Estancia Vaitea que expresa la forma de vida que se desarrolló en aquella época y por representar el único vestigio tangible, que hoy deseo ponerlo en valor al encontrarse en estado de abandono y deterioro1. La importancia de poner en valor un patrimonio cultural abandonado, se enlaza también a una serie de factores medioambientales que influyen en el desarrollo sustentable de la isla. El sector de Vaitea es un ejemplo de ello, por representar una de las zonas del territorio con mayores ventajas de cultivo y beneficio de sus recursos naturales. La condición aislada y de fragilidad del ecosistema rapa nui habla históricamente de una sociedad que experimentó un progresivo deterioro ambiental, como consecuencia de las acciones que generó el hombre, tanto por el carácter político-religioso que dominó las condiciones de vida de los antepasados, como también por el contacto con el mundo exterior, trayendo consigo cambios que marcaron el desarrollo del pueblo rapa nui. Uno de los objetivos de este proyecto de titulo, es conservar la herencia histórico cultural, que nos han dejado nuestros antepasados, sin perjudicar el medioambiente actual de Rapa Nui. Con el fin de generar dicho desarrollo en Rapa Nui se deben considerar los distintos factores que influyen en él, ya sea lo natural, cultural, arqueológico, social y económico. Si estos elementos son articulados en un sistema integral se podrá llegar a un desarrollo sustentable.
13
Fajreldin, Chuaqui Valentina. "He Ora Ra¿a . Medicalización, procesos coloniales y políticas públicas en Rapa Nui." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672971.
Full textAbstract:
Rapa Nui una petita illa situada a l'horitzó cultural i geogràfic de el Pacífic Sud i que esdevenir xilena a finals de segle XIX, des de l'inici dels seus contactes amb el món occidental ha experimentat un conjunt de canvis associats a la seva salut, malaltia i atenció que aquesta tesi entén com a procés de medicalització. Malgrat ser el lloc de planeta més distant geogràficament de qualsevol altre punt habitat, es troba immersa en els mateixos processos mundials de globalització social, econòmica i política que afecten qualsevol territori. Aquesta tesi analitza aquest llarg procés, integrant antecedents bibliogràfics i documentals a l'experiència d'aquesta investigadora en diversos moments de la seva ja llarg treball de camp de vint-anys. Divideixo la medicalització en cinc grans etapes, des de l'inici de segle XX fins a la situació actual de l'fenomen. En les mateixes distingeixo: la situació geogràfica actuant com a camp de domini de cert poder colonial; la dependència política i administrativa de Xile en salut; el caràcter ètnic diferent dels rapanui respecte de l'Xile continental; l'esforç local per construir una forma de relació amb el món i estat nació-, que configura una estratègia de supervivència i que consisteix a superar les barreres que impliquen les anteriors. Per al camp de l'antropologia mèdica, Rapa Nui com a territori insular en extrem aïllament en cert sentit fins avançada la segona meitat de segle XX constitueix un cas rellevant ja que trenca la cronologia i ritme habituals dels models coneguts de medicalització. La tesi reconstrueix la història i els contextos i analitza els processos en clau antropològica, proposant observar la medicalització en i de la illa com a fenomen en construcció i que requereix articular des respostes polítiques decoloniales.Rapa Nui una pequeña isla situada en el horizonte cultural y geográfico del Pacífico Sur y que devino chilena a fines del siglo XIX, desde el inicio de sus contactos con el mundo occidental ha experimentado un conjunto de cambios asociados a su salud, enfermedad y atención que esta tesis entiende como proceso de medicalización. Pese a ser el lugar de planeta más distante geográficamente de cualquier otro punto habitado, se encuentra inmersa en los mismos procesos mundiales de globalización social, económica y política que afectan cualquier territorio. Esta tesis analiza este largo proceso, integrando antecedentes bibliográficos y documentales a la experiencia de esta investigadora en diversos momentos de su ya largo trabajo de campo de veintidós años. Divido la medicalización en cinco grandes etapas, desde el inicio del siglo XX hasta la situación actual del fenómeno. En las mismas distingo: la situación geográfica actuando como campo de dominio de cierto poder colonial; la dependencia política y administrativa de Chile en salud; el carácter étnico diferente de los rapanui respecto del Chile continental; el esfuerzo local por construir una forma de relación con el mundo y estado nación-, que configura una estrategia de sobrevivencia y que consiste en superar las barreras que implican las anteriores. Para el campo de la antropología médica, Rapa Nui como territorio insular en extremo aislamiento en cierto sentido hasta avanzada la segunda mitad del siglo XX constituye un caso relevante pues rompe la cronología y ritmo habituales de los modelos conocidos de medicalización. La tesis reconstruye la historia y los contextos y analiza los procesos en clave antropológica, proponiendo observar la medicalización en y de la isla como fenómeno en construcción y que requiere articularse desde respuestas políticas decoloniales.
Rapa Nui a small island located in the cultural and geographical horizon of the South Pacific and that became Chilean at the end of the 19th century, since the beginning of its contacts with the western world it has undergone a set of changes associated with its health, illness and care that this thesis understands as a process of medicalization. Despite being the most geographically distant place on the planet from any other inhabited point, it is immersed in the same global processes of social, economic and political globalization that affect any territory. This thesis analyzes this long process, integrating bibliographic and documentary antecedents to the experience of this researcher in different moments of her already long field work of twenty-two years. I divide medicalization into five major stages, from the beginning of the 20th century to the current situation of the phenomenon. In them I distinguish: the geographical situation acting as a domain of domain of a certain colonial power; Chile's political and administrative dependency on health; the different ethnic character of the Rapanui with respect to continental Chile; the local effort to build a form of relationship with the world and the nation-state, which configures a survival strategy and which consists of overcoming the barriers implied by the previous ones. For the field of medical anthropology, Rapa Nui as an insular territory in extreme isolation in a certain sense until late in the second half of the 20th century constitutes a relevant case since it breaks the usual chronology and rhythm of known models of medicalization. The thesis reconstructs the history and the contexts and analyzes the processes in an anthropological key, proposing to observe the medicalization in and of the island as a phenomenon under construction and that needs to be articulated from decolonial political responses.
14
Valera, Pérez Rubén. "El impacto de la modernidad sobre la población juvenil actual de Isla de Pascua." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106397.
Full textAbstract:
La memoria de título que se presenta a continuación tiene como fin principal entregar un diagnóstico actualizado de la situación en la cual se encuentra la población juvenil autóctona de Isla de Pascua, luego del impacto que ha significado el proceso de modernización para esta isla y su población en los últimos treinta años aproximadamente. Lo que se ha traducido en la indagación y posterior entrega de antecedentes sobre aspectos tales como: percepciones sobre la pérdida o revitalización de la identidad cultural, aspiraciones de futuro de los jóvenes isleños, problemas y conflictos que enfrenta la juventud local en la actualidad, percepciones sobre la posible “Autonomía del pueblo rapa nui”, nivel de integración sociocultural hacia la vida moderna continental y nivel de autoestima étnica. Fundamentalmente, este diagnóstico tiene como base el propio discurso entregado por los diferentes jóvenes isleños que participaron en forma voluntaria de la investigación llevada a cabo y además se incorporaron las impresiones entregadas por las tres principales autoridades isleñas locales en torno al fenómeno abordado: Alcalde, Gobernador Provincial y Presidente del Consejo de Ancianos.
15
Zeferjahn, Tanya L. "Submarine groundwater discharge as a freshwater resource for the ancient inhabitants of Rapa Nui." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10155524.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrogeologically, Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile) is one of the least understood islands in Polynesia. There are no surface streams, the soils are poor in productivity and highly permeable, and the water table sits far below the surface of the island. One of the many mysteries of Rapa Nui is how the ancient inhabitants survived with so few sources of freshwater.
Fieldwork was conducted to identify terrestrial sources of freshwater and to evaluate the occurrence of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). We documented observable surface water features located in the interior and coast of the island and made field measurements of water temperature and salinity to identify areas of SGD along the coast. The limited number of interior surface water features, periods of drought, permeable aquifers, and existence of puna (dug wells) along the coast of Rapa Nui lead us to conclude that coastal seeps were an important prehistoric source of freshwater.
16
Silva, Steiner Andrea. "Dispositivo para la puesta en valor del patrimonio cultural del Parque Nacional Rapa Nui." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130594.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al título de Diseñador IndustrialAutor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
El presente proyecto describe la situación actual del patrimonio cultural de Isla de Pascua y las causas que afectan en su deterioro, llegando a detectar que el factor donde menor control existe, y que por ende, mayor deterioro patrimonial genera, es la actividad turística. Con el objetivo de reducir el deterioro patrimonial que produce esta actividad, se recopilan los antecedentes necesarios para desarrollar un dispositivo que ponga en valor los rasgos arqueológicos del Parque Nacional Rapa Nui, sentándose en la premisa que la comprensión del recurso cultural generan aprecio y valoración, lo que conlleva respeto, cuidado y protección, reduciendo así el deterioro. Por otro lado, el desarrollo del dispositivo para la puesta en valor del patrimonio cultural debe adaptarse a las características específicas de Isla de Pascua y a la gestión patrimonial efectuada por Conaf, con el fin de implementarse como una medida de conservación patrimonial del Parque Nacional Rapa Nui.
17
Håkansson, Olof. "Stratified Polynesia : A GIS-based study of prehistoric settlements in Samoa and Rapa Nui." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331545.
Full textAbstract:
The overall objective of this study is, to understand how the prehistoric individual experienced her “being in the world”. This is done by examining the spatial relationships of prehistoric remains in order to understand hierarchies. The foundation of the thesis is constructed by using data from the prehistoric settlement of Letolo in Samoa (Independent State of Samoa) in West-Polynesia and Hanga Ho´onu on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in East-Polynesia. These data are stored and analysed in a Geographical Information System (GIS). In the Samoan case the intention is to make previously unpublished surveys available. An aim is to develop a method to interpret social information from the spatial relations of built structures. It is questioned if it is possible to interpret the degree of hierarchy in a prehistoric society only from the spatial relations of features. It is concluded that such an inquiry needs to be paired with preunderstanding and analogies, such as ethnohistorical data, since it otherwise is problematic to ascribe meaning to different built structures. The thesis uses ethnohistory for preunderstanding and analogy. The thesis further examines the worldviews and structures that are shown in the repeated practice of groups in the two settlements.Det övergripande syftet med föreliggande studie är att komma närmare den förhistoriska människans upplevelse av varat, att komma närmare hennes upplevelse av att finnas till i världen. Detta görs genom att undersöka fornlämningars spatiala relationer för att förstå hierarkier. I uppsatsen redovisas två databaser och Geografiska Informationssystem som har konstruerats utifrån fornlämningsdata från förhistoriska bosättningar på Samoa i västpolynesien och Rapa Nui i östpolynesien. På Samoa är det Letolodalen på ön Savai´i som undersöks, och på Rapa Nui är det Hanga Ho´onu vid La Pérouse-bukten som undersöks. Uppsatsen ämnar tillgängliggöra opublicerade inventeringar av Letolo på Samoa. En intention är att utarbeta specifika kriterier för att utläsa social information från den spatiala utbredningen av fornlämningar. Arbetet ifrågasätter om det är möjligt att läsa ut graden av hierarki i ett förhistoriskt samhälle utifrån de spatiala relationerna mellan fornlämningar. Svaret är att det går om analogier och förförståelse används då det annars är problematiskt att tillskriva mening till fornlämningar. Eftersom Polynesien är väl dokumenterat utifrån ett etnohistoriskt perspektiv används analogier och förförståelse från dessa berättelser. I uppsatsen undersöks vidare mentala världar och strukturer som visar sig i gruppers upprepade praktiker i de två bosättningarna.
18
Chihuaicura, Chihuaicura Antonio Alejandro, and Vergara Stefany Vásquez. "Perspectivas de Educadores tradicionales Mapuches y Rapa Nui sobre la educación intercultural en Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131462.
Full textAbstract:
Educadores de Párvulo y Escolares InicialesLa siguiente investigación tiene como objetivo conocer las percepciones de educadores tradicionales mapuches y rapa nui sobre la educación intercultural actual en Chile. Se busca, a su vez, conocer las perspectivas en torno a sus experiencias y vivencias respecto a su cultura y las fortalezas y debilidades de la educación intercultural actual en Chile. Este estudio es un estudio descriptivo, pues profundiza en las experiencias de vida de los/as educadores tradicionales rapa nui y mapuches en torno a la educación intercultural implementada en Chile, esto por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados obtenidos dan cuenta de la valoración que entregan educadores tradicionales a sus respectivas culturas, la concepción que tienen sobre interculturalidad, su visión sobre el concepto de Educador Tradicional, el rol y su identificación con este. Además da cuenta de una descripción sobre el conocimiento que poseen Educadores Tradicionales acerca de los Programas de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe, la opinión sobre la creación, aplicación y aportes en la construcción de los programas en un futuro. También se obtuvo como resultado la opinión de los educadores para la construcción de un curriculum pertinente a cada pueblo, junto con ello se describe las debilidades y fortalezas que perciben Educadores Tradicionales rapa nui y mapuches sobre la Educación Intercultural actual en Chile
19
Fuentes, Campos Álvaro. "Tangata Manu Rapa Nui : diseño de una medalla para la International Coin Design Competition." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112744.
Full textAbstract:
Diseñador GráficoEste documento registra el proceso de diseño de una medalla que compita en la International Coin Design Competition organizada por la Japan Mint. El Objetivo General de este Proyecto consiste en lograr un diseño que permita competir y lograr un puesto destacado en este concurso. El diseño se basará en los elementos artísticos de la cultura Rapanui, más específicamente del personaje del Tangata Manu u Hombre Pájaro. Se buscará una estética que siga los patrones presentes en el tatuaje rapanui, así como de las representaciones que estos hicieron tanto en petroglifos como pinturas rupestres. Al utilizar la iconografía presente en el lenguaje de las tablillas rongorongo, se pretende apoyar el carácter de misterio que se le quiere otorgar al diseño de la medalla. En lo particular se utilizarán las mismas técnicas utilizadas en cualquier otro proyecto de medallas realizadas en Casa de Moneda de Chile.
20
Kovalchik, Jacob. "Remote sensing and the assessment of prehistoric productivity in cultivation practices of Rapa Nui, Chile." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527012.
Full textAbstract:
While there is a tradition that the population of Rapa Nui was large during prehistory, there is remarkably little evidence used to support to these claims. This study represents an empirically-based estimate of pre-contact agricultural productivity to create a sound evaluation of Rapa Nui’s prehistoric population. In this study, I map the spatial distributions of lithic mulching using satellite imagery, RPV aerial photography, in situ spectral reflectance analyses, and supervised and sub-pixel image classification methods. Using the results of these analyses, I estimate the total mapped lithic mulch area and combine this estimate with previously documented distributions of manavai. Together these analyses provide an estimate of the extent of these two important cultivation practices and an upper-limit magnitude of prehistoric food production. The spatial data, when evaluated in conjunction with appropriate agricultural cultivation statistic proxies, are then used to conservatively quantify the island’s carrying capacity. In my final analysis, I argue that the prehistoric productivity was insufficient to support the large populations that have been suggested.
21
Leyton, Legües Daniela. "Hacia una antropología del cuerpo. Significación cultural de los cuidados corporales en mujeres Rapa Nui." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106384.
Full textAbstract:
En la presente investigación nos aproximamos a las dinámicas de construcción simbólica del cuerpo centrado en los cuidados corporales entre mujeres rapa nui, y cómo la significación otorgada al cuerpo femenino, construida desde las lógicas de su cultura, encuentra su materialidad en las prácticas y cuidados corporales.
22
Gutiérrez, Pilquiman Yessenia Tamar. "Estudio etnobotánico del bosque nativo y su vinculación con cuatro pueblos originarios presentes en el museo de la vivienda tradicional local." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151408.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al Título
Profesional de Ingeniera ForestalEl presente estudio fue realizado con el propósito de analizar y comprender el vínculo existente entre cuatro pueblos indígenas, rapa nui, mapuche, pehuenche y selk’nam y las especies vegetales presentes en su medioambiente, para poder integrar y dar a conocer estos conocimientos a través de las muestras museográficas del Museo de la Vivienda Tradicional Local. Para esto se seleccionó la información que presentó alguna relación etnobotánica con los pueblos del estudio, además se vinculó la flora representativa de los sectores de interés para El Museo y se organizó la información obtenida mediante una diferenciación de especies para su estudio etnobotánico en relación con la museografía, con el objetivo final de crear un listado de especies vegetales con potencialidad para ser incluidas en la muestra representativa de El Museo, a través de un catálogo etnobotánico. Los métodos usados para lograr los objetivos antes mencionados tienen su base en un análisis etnobotánico cualitativo, que se desarrolló con la revisión bibliográfica de antecedentes etnográficos y etnobotánicos de los cuatro pueblos de estudio. La información obtenida sobre las especies vinculadas a los pueblos del estudio, se organizó mediante la diferenciación etnobotánica en función de los criterios museográficos, pensando en una comprehensión para los visitantes del museo. Para definir la importancia de las especies para la muestra representativa del Museo, se usó de un análisis multicriterio con matrices de clasificación en función de criterios museográficos. Además, mediante el manual de métodos y criterios para la evaluación y monitoreo de la flora y la vegetación se identificó la flora existente en las zonas de interés del Museo. El estudio demostró que existe un amplio conocimiento y vinculación entre cada pueblo indígena y su medioambiente, al utilizar las diversas especies vegetales presentes en su entorno, para distintos fines. Según la puntuación obtenida por las especies para cada cultura, se determinó que la primera posición era ocupada por Drimys winteri en el caso de la cultura mapuche, Araucaria araucana para los pehuenche, Nothofagus betuloides para los selk’nam y Saccharum officinarum para los rapa nui.
The present study was carried out with the purpose of analyzing and understanding the link between four indigenous peoples, rapa nui, mapuche, pehuenche and selk'nam and the plant species present in their environment, in order to integrate and make known this knowledge through of the museographic samples of the Museo de la Vivienda Tradicional Local. For this, the information that presented some ethnobotanical relationship with the study villages was selected. In addition, the representative flora of the sectors of interest to the Museum was linked and the information obtained through a species differentiation was organized for its ethnobotanical study in relation to the museography, with the final objective of creating a list of plant species with the potential to be included in the representative sample of the Museum, through an ethnobotanical catalog. The methods used to achieve the mentioned objectives are based on a qualitative ethnobotanical analysis, which was developed with the bibliographic review of ethnographic and ethnobotanical antecedents of the four villages of study. The information obtained about the species linked to the study villages was organized through ethnobotanical differentiation according to the museographic criteria, thinking about an understanding for the museum visitors. In order to define the importance of the species for the representative sample of the Museum, a multicriteria analysis was used to classify matrices according to museographic criteria. In addition, the manual of methods and criteria for the evaluation and monitoring of flora and vegetation identified the flora existing in the areas of interest of the Museum. The study showed that there is a wide knowledge and connection between each indigenous people and their environment, using the various plant species present in their environment, for different purposes. According to the score obtained by the species for each culture, it was determined that the first position was occupied by Drimys winteri in the case of the mapuche culture, Araucaria araucana by the pehuenche culture, Nothofagus betuloides by the selk'nam people and Saccharum officinarum by the rapa nui people.
23
Ika, Guldman Vairoa. "Lineamientos para el manejo sustentable de los residuos domiciliarios en la Isla de Pascua (Rapa Nui)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148015.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero en Recursos Naturales RenovablesIsla de Pascua cuenta con una pequeña superficie y una presión creciente en los últimos 20 años sobre su patrimonio natural y cultural, la cual deriva del crecimiento poblacional, habitacional, aumento de vehículos y flujo turístico. Esta situación ha traído como consecuencia impactos negativos en el ámbito social, ambiental y arqueológico, como por ejemplo disminución de la población de algunas especies, destrucción y degradación del patrimonio arqueológico y el aumento de residuos sólidos domiciliarios (RSD). El objetivo de la investigación es proponer lineamientos y actividades para un manejo sustentable de los RSD en Rapa Nui, para lo cual se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de estudios antropológicos de la relación y percepción que existe en la comunidad por su tierra y recursos naturales, y así también estudios de composición y producción de RSD en la comunidad. Se realizaron 90 entrevistas a familias de la comunidad, donde se utilizó la sectorización generada por la SEREMI de Salud. Como complemento, se realizaron reuniones con la Unidad de Gestión Ambiental de la Municipalidad de Isla de Pascua, todo con el fin de analizar el manejo de los RSD e identificar patrones culturales llevados por la comunidad. La Dirección de Gestión Ambiental de la Municipalidad de la Pintana conoce de cerca la situación de Rapa Nui, es por eso que se tuvo una reunión para conocer su trabajo y experiencia en la Gestión de RSD. Del análisis se evidenció la preocupación existente por parte de la comunidad de la situación actual que esta viviendo la isla. Los habitantes de Rapa Nui están trabajando en el área de RSD pero desconocen la forma adecuada de abordarlo. También se pudo obtener las diferencias en las prácticas de manejo y eliminación de RSD entre los rapanui versus los continentales y extranjeros (“no rapanui”). Los rapanui separan sus residuos vegetales, reutilizan y queman algunos residuos, las cuales son conductas aprendidas y transmitidas desde hace varias generaciones. Es importante mencionar la dificultad para la obtención de estudios, antecedentes oficiales y datos duros con respecto a la situación medioambiental de Rapa Nui, esto porque los estudios en ocasiones no son entregados o dados a conocer públicamente. Para abordar la problemática del aumento en la generación de RSD y su mal manejo es necesario cambiar la visión del problema, trabajar en conjunto, instituciones y comunidad, y disponer de los recursoseconómicos para llevar a cabo los proyectos y campañas. El trabajo es principalmente social e institucional, donde la comunidad tiene que tener las herramientas necesarias y estar informados de los canales de participación, y que en las instituciones exista voluntad, transparencia y que sean impecables con las promesas que le hacen a la comunidad.
Rapa Nui or Easter Island as it is mostly known by, has a small surface and a rising pressure in the past few years over its natural and cultural heritage. This has an impact on population growth, housing, increase in vehicles and touristic flow. As a consequence, thereare has brought negative impacts on a social, environmental and archaeological level, like for example a significant population decrease of certain species, destruction and degradation of archaeological heritage and increase in solid waste. The objective of this research is to propose guidelines and activities for a sustainable management of Domestic Solid Waste in Rapa Nui, for which a review of anthropological studies was necessary. Thesestudies gave insight of the relationship and perception in the community for their land and natural resources, as well as data on the production rate and components of their solid waste. 90 interviews were conducted with families in the community, where I used the segmentation generated by SEREMI de Salud. In addition, meetings were held with the Environmental Management Unit of the Municipality of Easter Island, in order to analyze the management of Solid Waste and identify the cultural patterns of the community. The Environmental Management authorities in La Pintana are familiar with this situation in Rapa Nui, which is why a meeting was held with them also to know their work and experience with the management of Solid Waste. When I analyzed the different interviews, it was clear that there's a lot of concern of the current situation in the island. The people of Rapa Nui are involved in the management of Solid Waste, they just don't know the best way to approach this issue. It was also possible to obtain the differences in handling and eliminating of Solid Waste by rapanui people and foreigners and continentals (non rapanui). Rapanui people separate their vegetable wastes, some of it which are burned and they also reutilize as much residues as possible. This behavior is learned and has been transmitted for generations. It is important to mention the difficulty in obtaining studies, official records and hard data regarding the environmental situation of Rapa Nui, this because the studies are sometimes not delivered or made public. To address the issue of increased production of Solid Waste its mismanagement is necessary to change the perspective towards the problem as a whole, institutions and community must work together, and have the financial resources to design and implement projects and campaigns. The work is primarily social and institutional, where the community has to have the necessary tools and be informed of the participation channels. It is also necessary to have will and transparency from the institutions, which have to give importance to keeping the promises they make to the community
24
Faba, Zuleta Paulina. "Entre le continent et l'île : dimension de la patrimonialisation de Rapa Nui (île de Pâques), Chili." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010527.
Full textAbstract:
Entre le continent et l'île, entre les explorateurs européens du XVIIIe siècle et les Rapanui du XXIe siècle. Cette recherche analyse les formes d'appropriation des vestiges monumentaux de Rapa Nui (île de Pâques) par divers acteurs. Tout en observant les éléments spatiaux et discursifs construisant le passé, ainsi qu'à travers l'examen des différents univers de socialisation, nous essayâmes d'aborder la « patrimonialisation » de Rapa Nui comme un phénomène complexe et multidimensionnel, où il s'agit d'aller et de venir, de traverser plusieurs fois l'Océan Pacifique qui sépare un continent d'une île dont le passé a été longtemps globalisé. C'est enfin dans cette traversée, ainsi que dans le territoire mouvementé des interrelations entre le local, le national et le global, que nous choisîmes d'analyser la « patrimonialisation ». Nous observâmes spécialement comment ce processus s'érige, à la fois, comme un exercice d'orientation de la mémoire et de construction de l'altérité.
25
Gossen, Candace Lynn. "Deforestation, Drought and Humans: New Discoveries of the Late Quaternary Paleoenvironment of Rapa Nui (Easter Island)." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/782.
Full textAbstract:
The mystery of the trees of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) is a complex problem within a dynamic ecosystem. With new physical cores from the volcanic crater lake Rano Kao, this dissertation uncovers a detailed 15,000 year ecological history of Easter Island and its climatic variability. New radiocarbon dating methods establish a more precise chronology which shows that the island before human habitation was very different than what we know today. It had a simple but prolific ecology that transitioned into a barren grassland. What factors caused the transition are unclear but are likely to be human related. As the forests slowly disappeared, it could have triggered changes in regional and local climate, particularly rainfall, which generally leads to a rapid loss of ecosystems. With virtually stable climate conditions over the last 2,000 years, Easter Island has lost 33 species of plants including the giant palms, and still has not recovered today. This research challenges the previously accepted theory that humans deforested the island for the sole purpose of moving the Moai around, and focuses rather on uncovering the role of climate change that may have altered the ecosystem. New cores were obtained in 2005 from Rano Kao that were radiocarbon dated using scirpus seeds. The nine meters of core were sampled for oxygen isotope analysis of the lake water changes, a new science to the island. Detailed palynological studies of pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs uncovered changing vegetation patterns that aligned with a 700 year drought cycle. Conclusions support a cool-dry event that occurred 545 years ago, at which time the giant palms disappeared. While it was not the focus of this study, evidence confirms human occupation for more than 500 years before the disappearance of the trees.
26
Charó, Bortolaso Camila. "Acerca del poblamiento inicial de Rapa Nui. Una mirada desde los almidones adheridos a artefactos Líticos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/133189.
Full text
27
Andreassen, Olaug Irene Rosvik Social Sciences & International Studies Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "When home is the navel of the world: an ethnography of young Rapa Nui between home and away." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Social Sciences & International Studies, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41457.
Full textAbstract:
Rapa Nui (Easter Island) has for centuries been known as an isolated island of archaeological mysteries; yet after a rapid modernisation this is today an international tourist destination, a World Heritage Site and a glocalised community. This anthropological study based on long-term fieldwork among young Rapa Nui on the island and away, describes how it can be to grow up in and to belong to such a place. Place is seen as a continually constructed social space and is influenced by Miriam Kahn??s use of Henri Lefebvre??s concept thirdspace. Rapa Nui, as a place, people and community, is here understood as continuously formed by global and local influences. Thus, although historical, global and national influences can seem overwhelming in such a small tourist destination with a turbulent colonial history, this study also sees the opinions and practices of the inhabitants as important agents. This thesis shows how young Rapa Nui are both influenced by and influencing what Rapa Nui is and becomes. Above all, their guiding principle seems to be a continuing strong attachment to their land ??also called Te Pito o te Henua (??The Navel of the World??).
28
Navarro, Sigourney Nina. "The Crematorium of Hanga Hahave on Rapa Nui (Easter Island): What stories can the skeletal remains reveal." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325498.
Full textAbstract:
This paper uses an osteological approach and applies the study of entanglement in an attempt to understand the crematoria on Rapa Nui (Easter Island), which represent a unique tradition within the ceremonial spheres of the Polynesian area. Skeletal remains from the crematorium of ahu Hanga Hahave, which consist of both cremated - and unburned remains, have been analysed to reveal the different practices that took part in the cremation process and to identify the individuals that were deposited in such structure. Ethnohistorical records were applied to interpret the osteological evidence and to discuss the circumstances surrounding the possible use of the crematorium, as either a site for sacrificial offerings or a site for burials. This paper aims at creating an underlying basis for the study of crematoria on Rapa Nui and provides an overview of the processes central to the disposal of the dead and the usage and significance of this structure. The results of this study showed that the ancient Rapanui through the practice of cremation, followed an internalised structure within their society to complete each cultural act that constituted the crematorium, and these were divided in the construction of the crematorium, the making of fire, and the treatment of the dead. The complexity of each cultural act presents the possibility that an organised society, with at least one designated head, may have been in charge of the practice of cremation physically and spiritually. The skeletal remains could not be applied to determine whether the crematorium of Hanga Hahave was used for sacrificial offering or for burial since the analysed remains only represented one-fifth of the entire bone collection from the crematorium. However, the findings of this study have pointed towards a burial practice rather than a sacrificial one.Denna uppsats använder ett osteologiskt tillvägagångssätt och Hodders’’entanglement’ studie i tolkningen av krematorierna på Rapa Nui (Påskön), som representerar en unik tradition inom Polynesien. Skelettmaterialet från krematoriet i ahu Hanga Hahave har analyserats för att upptäcka de olika metoder som deltog i kremeringsprocessen och identifiera vilka individer som deponerades här. Etnohistoriska källor användes också i tolkningen av det osteologiska materialet och för att behandla frågorna kring krematoriernas användning: antigen som en plats för offring eller en plats för begravning. Syftet är att skapa en underliggande grund för studiet av krematorierna på Rapa Nui för att ge en överblick på de centrala processerna. Resultatet visade att den forntida Rapanui följde en internaliserad struktur inom sitt samhälle för att slutföra varje kulturell handling som utgjorde kremerings praktik och var uppdelade i konstruktionen av krematoriet, bruken av eld och hantering av de döda. Komplexiteten hos varje handling möjliggör att ett organiserat samhälle, där minst en ledare har varit ansvarig i fysisk eller andlig form. Skelettmaterialet från krematoriet i ahu Hanga Hahave kunde inte användas för att bestämma krematoriets användning eftersom det analyserade materialet endast representerade en femtedel av den totala bensamlingen, dock pekar studiet på en begravningsritual snarare än en offer.
29
Núñez, Valdivieso Claudia. "Hare o te vaikava: — la casa del mar : puesta en valor de la caleta Hanga Piko, Rapa Nui." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100451.
Full text
30
Zurob, Dreckmann Alejandra. "TĀ’ AKU POKI Cambio y continuidad en las estrategias de crianza Rapa Nui — Un acercamiento a la transmisión en diferencia." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106148.
Full text
31
Woolson, Maria Alessandra, and Maria Alessandra Woolson. "El Espacio Como Espejo Cultural. Reflexiones Ecocríticas en América Latina a Principios del Nuevo Milenio." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333210.
Full textAbstract:
Esta disertación examina diversas expresiones artísticas y literarias de finales del siglo XX y principios del XXI desde una perspectiva ecocrítica. La tesis sostiene que la literatura contemporánea y el arte en general ofrecen experiencias por medio de las cuales se puede reconceptualizar lo que hoy se conoce como crisis medioambiental, para dar a conocer su dimensión ética y entenderla como una crisis moderna del conocimiento. Como una intersección de teoría crítica y estudios ambientales la ecocrítica ha abordado la dicotomía cultura-naturaleza como un dualismo cartesiano convencional. Este trabajo complejiza la dialéctica de sujeto y objeto, integrando perspectivas de la teoría poscolonial y los estudios de performance, y examina cómo la representación se apropia de espacios retóricos y epistémicos para intervenir en la percepción que el individuo tiene de la realidad. Del estudio surge un marco analítico que se identifica con la sustentabilidad y responde a tensiones sociales y culturales contemporáneas que se tejen entre el conocimiento local y las fuerzas globales. Mediante la inclusión de perspectivas acotadas de investigación, el estudio mantiene la referencialidad de las obras y permite plantear interrogantes sobre la naturaleza ontológica y epistémica de los estudios culturales. La tarea se aborda a lo largo de tres ejes: un análisis de las instalaciones de la escultora mexicana Helen Escobedo y de los artistas argentinos Nicolás García Uriburu y Marta Minujín, un examen de obras literarias -principalmente La loca de Gandoca de Anacristina Rossi (Costa Rica) y Un viejo que leía novelas de amor de Luis Sepúlveda (Chile)- y un trabajo de campo llevado a cabo con la comunidad Rapa Nui de Isla de Pascua (territorio chileno). Este último eje revela aspectos de una cosmovisión diferente, perteneciente a una identidad colectiva en búsqueda de reconocimiento dentro del mundo multicultural latinoamericano. La tesis concluye con un epílogo que analiza brevemente El libro del silencio de Ricardo Chávez Castañeda (México). A modo de síntesis, mediante juegos del lenguaje, esta novela expone la modernidad contemporánea como una crisis mucho mayor que se reproduce en múltiples dimensiones, donde el desequilibrio medioambiental se reconstituye en síntoma de una crisis de la civilización.
32
Bosch, Naomi A. "Discovery Islands, Earth Islands: The Theory and Practice of Island Imagery in Environmental Thought." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/127.
Full textAbstract:
Earth Island is a core metaphor of activist thought often applied in Environmental Analysis and related fields as a tool for thinking about the planet’s limited resources. It puts forth the claim that if only we thought of the earth as more like an island, we would better understand our connectivity to other living things and be drawn to develop better and more extensive practices of environmental stewardship. This thesis uses personal accounts of environmental life philosophies and political practices collected from residents of the Discovery Islands in British Columbia as a site for analytical comparison between the theory and practice of "Earth Island." First providing an overview of the history of Earth Island and exploring existing Anthropology and Island Studies scholarship on island community dynamics and environmental perspectives, this thesis examines how the environmental relationships experienced by Discovery Islanders reflect or differ from the type of activist consciousness theoretically proposed by Earth Island. This creates a context for critically reflecting on the limits and applications of the Earth Island metaphor, and suggesting shifts in current approaches to the use of island imagery in environmental political and philosophical thought, promoting a focus on more community cooperation-oriented, less fatalistic themes.
33
Bretón, Ricardo. "Tangata Manu : Fågelmannens uppror." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-394884.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the ceremonial village of Orongo and the sacred site of Mata Ngarau. They are located on the southern edge of the Ranu Kau volcano crater, as well as the Motu Nui islet in front of the named volcano. Orongo was the scenario of important political and religious events that submerged Rapa Nui and its inhabitants in a magical story from the mid-1500s to the mid-1800s. This study aims, to some extent, elucidate the context in which the legend and the ritual of the Tangata Manu originates and its importance for the development of the Rapa Nui society. The study examines archaeological, ethnohistorical and contemporary evidences of the birdman cult and contradictory theories about the catastrophe that loomed over the Rapa Nui society The archaeological evidence of those events is the silent testimony of the god Make Make and Tangata Manu, the birdman, the god representative on earth. These are carved on the edge and the slopes of the Ranu Kau crater, in the carved and rupestrian paintings of the stone houses of Mata Ngarau at Orongo, in the caves of the Motu Nui islet and in the one of the cannibals, Ana Kai Tangata. Ethnohistorical evidences provide data on the ritual activities in connection to the birdman cult. The social and environmental degradation which causes of the almost total extermination of its inhabitants as well as the eroding of its culture and with it that of the birdman, Tangata Manu. Today the birdman culture and Orongo is one of the prominent visitors’ sites on the island but interviews with Indigenous Rapanui show that the site also continue to have spiritual and political meaning in today’s society. The modern Rapa Nui society today shows contradictory features. On the one hand we see the face of a thriving, mercantilist society, with hundreds of thousands of tourists visiting it annually and buying handicrafts of dubious local creation. On the other hand, we observe the efforts of hundreds of islanders who struggle to maintain their language, their cultural heritage, their petroglyphs, their cave paintings and their legends. That is the spirit of the rebellion of Tangata Manu.
34
Elf, Donaldson Evelina. "Visitor Perceptions of Authenticity and Commodification in Easter Island Cultural Heritage Tourism : Pride and Empowerment of the Rapanui." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412194.
Full textAbstract:
This study sought to analyze tourist perceptions of cultural heritage tourism on Easter Island, more specifically, how they perceived and valued the concept of ‘authenticity’ in representations of local Rapanui culture. By analyzing and categorizing trends found in Trip Advisor reviews left for 6 tourism businesses on the island (3 traditional performance venues and 3 guided tour companies), this primary research question was further broken down to assess 1) what factors in particular render an experience valuable and authentic to the tourist, 2) how tourists perceive indigenous Rapanui’s relationship to their own culture in the context of cultural tourism, and 3) if they perceive the industry as exploiting or empowering the Rapanui people. Ultimately the study uncovered the tendency for tourists to look to the transmitters of culture themselves (i.e. local performers, guides, company owners) when assessing the value and authenticity of their cultural experience, taking into account the transmitter’s indigenous heritage, cultural pride, knowledgeability, and openness and eagerness to share their culture with visitors (evident by the perceived passion with which they performed, or the personal storytelling and friendship evident in the guide-guest relationship). In addition to constructing value and authenticity, these qualities left visitors with the impression that local Rapanui are empowered by the industry and have agency over the manner in which their culture is showcased. The tourist’s search for meaning was also an important finding, as the majority either appreciated direct explanations about island culture and history, or created their own meaning when none was provided. While the scope of this study was limited to Easter Island, it has implications that may be applied to other destinations with indigenous, cultural tourism, as it very much speaks to the value that tourists place on cultural pride and preservation, community-based grassroots tourism, a desire for meaning and explanation, and consideration for the tourist’s own impact on the destination.
35
Canales, Zamora Juan Pablo. "TaNene : un paseo gráfico por la gastronomía de Isla de Pascua : el diseño al servicio de la identidad : aplicación de diseño gráfico que registre y de a conocer las características y potencialidades de la gastronomía Rapa Nui." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100869.
Full textAbstract:
La tesis aquí presentada constituye todo el marco teórico y el desarrollo proyectual a
considerar en la construcción de una aplicación de diseño gráfico cuya finalidad es la de
registrar y mostrar las características de la gastronomía que se desarrolla hoy en Isla de
Pascua.
El tema general de este trabajo, basado en el reconocimiento identitario de la cultura
pascuense en su cultura culinaria, ha amparado el desarrollo de todos los temas aquí
expuestos, con el fin de que cada marco referencial refleje su utilidad en el ejercicio de
diseño y que cada análisis justifique formal , proyectual y emotivamente el producto final.
36
Silva, Luís Leopoldo de Sousa e. "O efeito das características de aplicação de água sobre a infiltração num solo mediterrâneo regado por rampa rotativa." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11232.
Full textAbstract:
As rampas rotativas são um dos sistemas de rega preferencialmente escolhido pelos agricultores em Portugal. Porém, a reconversão destes sistemas para trabalharem com pressões reduzidas veio aumentar os problemas da sua adaptação a solos com reduzida infiltrabilidade, como é o caso dos solos Mediterrâneos.
Analisaram-se os diferentes factores que intervêm na rega e estudou-se o efeito da utilização de aspersores estáticos com pratos deflectores lisos e estriados, sobre o processo da infiltração e a qualidade da rega.
Simularam-se as condições de funcionamento da parte terminal de rampas rotativas com aproximadamente 200 e 400 m de comprimento e aspersores com baixa pressão (140 kPa), realizando-se ensaios de infiltração e de rega para avaliar as alterações na capacidade de infiltração do solo ao longo de sucessivas aplicações de água.
Utilizaram-se também os diagramas pluviométricos e as equações da infiltrabilidade, determinados no campo, para determinar o escorrimento potencial e compararam-se os resultados obtidos com os valores do escorrimento real verificado nos ensaios de rega.
Verificou-se que os deflectores estriados originam gotas de maior tamanho, que são menos afectadas pelo vento, diminuindo as perdas por evaporação e arrastamento pelo vento, mas apresentam maior energia de impacto no solo, provocando maior compactação e originando mais facilmente a formação de uma crosta superficial, o que reduz a infiltrabilidade do solo.
Para valores de intensidade pluviométrica máxima entre os 53 e 68 mm/h, a diferença na utilização dos dois tipos de aspersores não é significativa, mas ao aumentar a intensidade para valores entre 99 e 125 mm/h verifica-se uma maior diminuição da infiltrabilidade e aumento do escorrimento com a utilização dos deflectores estriados.
A utilização das equações da infiltrabilidade e dos diagramas pluviométricos determinados no campo mostrou que, se se dispuser de equações obtidas em condições antecedentes do solo semelhantes àquelas em que se irá realizar a rega, pode-se obter uma estimativa bastante rigorosa do escorrimento.
- ABSTRACT -
In Portugal, center-pivot is one of the first options for farmers that want to buy an
irrigation system. However, the modifications introduced to these systems in order to work
with low pressure, has increased the problems of it's use in soils that have low infiltrability,
like the Mediterranean (Luvisol soils).
The different factors affecting the irrigation process were analysed and the effect of
using spray head sprinklers with smooth flat and medium grooved plates on the infiltration
process and irrigation quality was studied.
Working conditions of the last spans of a 200 and a 400 meters long center-pivots
were simulated, and several infiltration and irrigation tests were made, in order to evaluate the
changes in the infiltration capacity of the soil when using both flat and grooved plates in the
low pressure spray heads (140 kPa).
Water application rate patterns and infiltrability equations determined in the field were
used to calculate potential runoff, and the results were compared with the actual runoff from
the irrigation tests.
The medium grooved plates, if compared to the smooth flat ones, produce larger water
droplets, which are less affected by the wind, and thus leading to less evaporation and wind
drift losses. However, those droplets have higher impact energy over the soil surface,
increasing surface compaction and crust formation, which reduces soil infiltrability.
The use of either spray head plate does not present any different significant effect over
the infiltration process and runoff for maximum application rates between 53 to 68 mm/h. But
for higher application rates, 99 to 125 rnm/h, the use of medium groove spray heads plates
thus presents a higher reduction effect over the soil intake capacity, which leads to more
runoff.
Runoff calculate with water application rate patterns and infiltrability equations
determined in the field can give good results if there are available equations obtained with
antecedent soil conditions similar to those that will be antecedent to the irrigation itself.
37
Audinytė, Laura. "Seksualinis prievartavimas ir šio nusikaltimo panašumai ir skirtumai nuo išžaginimo." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130205_090346-45148.
Full textAbstract:
Nusikaltimai žmogaus seksualinio apsisprendimo laisvei ir neliečiamumui 1961 m. galiojusiame baudžiamajame kodekse išdėstyti kiek kitaip. Baudžiamoji atsakomybė už lytinės aistros tenkinimą natūraliu, oraliniu bei analiniu būdu buvo reglamentuota viename kodekso straipsnyje – „Išžaginimas“ ir saugojo tik moters seksualinio apsisprendimo laisvę ir nepilnametės seksualinį neliečiamumą.
Įsigaliojus naujajam LR BK, išžaginimo norma išskirta į du nusikaltimus – išžaginimas ir seksualinis prievartavimas tokiu būdu iš išžaginimo normos „atimant“ oralinį ir analinį nusikaltimo padarymo būdus bei papildant nauju požymiu – kitoks fizinis sąlytis. Reikalingumą kriminalizuoti lytinės aistros tenkinimą kitokio fizinio sąlyčio būdu sąlygojo kintantys visuomenės santykiai ir atsirandančios vis naujos lytinės aistros tenkinimo kitokio fizinio sąlyčio būdu formos. Tačiau dėl plačiai suformuluotos minėto požymio koncepcijos teismai susiduria su šio požymio kvalifikavimo problemomis. Taip pat iškilo ir lytinės aistros tenkinimo su mažamečiu atribojimo nuo mažamečio asmens tvirkinimo bei seksualinio prievartavimo ir išžaginimo tęstinumo ir šių nusikaltimų kvalifikavimo iš sutapties problemos. Atsižvelgiant į šių nusikaltimų kvalifikavimo problemas, išžaginimo nebelaikant pačia pavojingiausia lytinės aistros tenkinimo forma, lyginant šiuos nusikaltimus pavojingumo, pasekmių atžvilgiu bei atsižvelgiant į tai, kad šių nusikaltimų objektas yra toks pat, kyla abejonės dėl išžaginimo normos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Crimes against person‘s self-determination and inviolability in 1961 Criminal Code were regulated differently. Criminal liability for sexual satisfaction in a natural, oral or anal way was regulated by a single article of the code – „rape“ and protected only woman‘s self-determination and minor sexual inviolability. Due to effect of the new Criminal Code the rate of rape divided into two crimes – rape and sexual assault taking away the oral and anal way from rape and adding a new feature – other physical contact. The need to criminalize sexual desire satisfaction in other physical contact method resulted in changing public reactions and emerging a new sexual passion for satisfying other forms of physical contact way. However, due to widely formulated concept of this character, courts faced with this character qualification problems. they also had a problem with finding the borderline between young person‘s sexual abuse and satisfaction of sexual passion with young person. also there are sexual assault and rape of continuity and qualificaion of these crimes in coincidence problems. In view of the problems of qualification of these crimes, rape not being considered the most dangerous form of sexual desire satisfaction, comparing these crimes hazard, result and taking into account the fact that the object of these crimes is the same, there are doubts of rape extraction into two offences of necesity. Aim of this work is the analysis of criminal law doctrine and case law to... [to full text]
38
Vazquez-Carrasquer, Victor. "Identification and genotypic variability of plant traits early determining nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in winter oilseed rape under low-N inputs." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB002.
Full textAbstract:
Améliorer le rendement du colza dans un contexte de bas intrants azotés (N) est un enjeu majeur de sélection. Ceci impose une connaissance approfondie de la variabilité génétique des processus sous-tendant l’efficacité d’utilisation de l’azote (NUE, rendement en graines par unité d’azote disponible). Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre les processus écophysiologiques contribuant à la NUE et à ses composantes sous faible nutrition azotée, en identifiant et hiérarchisant les principaux traits sous-tendant leur variabilité génotypique. Six génotypes de colza d’hiver ont été étudiés en conditions semi-contrôlées sous des doses d’azote contrastées. Nous avons montré que la variable NUE_DM (biomasse totale produite par unité d’azote disponible) est un indicateur précoce de la NUE à la récolte valable dès la montaison, qui nous a permis de caractériser dynamiquement la NUE. L’efficience d'absorption d’azote (NUpE, N absorbé par unité d’azote disponible) s’est révélée être une composante majeure de la NUE sous contrainte azotée, expliquant 80 % des variations avant la floraison, et plus de 30 % après. De plus, sa variabilité génotypique dépend de la biomasse des racines fines et non de l’absorption spécifique d'azote. Grâce au développement d’un cadre conceptuel de modélisation du fonctionnement du colza décrivant les flux de carbone et d’azote dans la plante entière et valable jusqu’à floraison, nous avons fait ressortir l'assimilation spécifique de carbone, la part de carbone allouée aux tiges et la proportion de racines fines comme paramètres clés de la réponse génotypique à l’azote. Nos résultats suggèrent que la NUpE et la proportion de racines fines seraient des indicateurs de la NUE permettant de cribler précocement des variétés à haut débitImproving rapeseed yields in a low-Nitrogen (N) agricultural context is a major issue for breeding. It requires a thorough knowledge of the genotypic variation of the processes related to Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE, seed yield per unit of N available). This PhD aims at better understanding the ecophysiological processes determining the NUE and its components under low-N availability by identifying and hierarchizing the main traits supporting observed genotypic variation. Six winter oilseed rape genotypes were investigated throughout the crop cycle under semi-controlled conditions and contrasting N-conditions. We proposed NUE_DM (plant dry matter per unit of N available), as a new proxy of NUE at harvest, valid as early as the beginning of stem elongation. This proxy allowed us to dynamically characterize NUE, highlighting NUpE (plant N-amount per unit of N available) as a main contributor of NUE under low-N conditions, which explained up to 80% of the NUE_DM variations before flowering, and more than 30% after. Moreover, NUpE genotypic variability resulted from fine root growth rather than specific N-uptake differences. We developed a whole-plant conceptual modeling framework of carbon and nitrogen absorption and partitioning for winter oilseed rape. This framework, validated up to flowering, highlighted specific carbon assimilation, carbon partitioning between leaves and stems, and fine root ratio as critical traits explaining contrasting genotypic behavior to N-conditions. Our results suggest NUpE and fine root ratio as promising traits for screening larger sets of varieties for NUE breeding purposes
39
Kedytė, Vaida. "Skirtingu laiku sėtų rapsų žiemojimo priklausomumas nuo skrotelės morfometrinių rodiklių kintančio klimato sąlygomis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110603_113922-28024.
Full textAbstract:
Eksperimentai atlikti 2009–2010 m. Lietuvos žemės ūkio universiteto bandymų stotyje, kur dirvožemis karbonatingas sekliai glėjiškas išplautžemis (Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol), o prieš sėją dirvožemio pH – 6,7, judriojo fosforo – 235 mg kg-1, judriojo kalio – 189 mg kg-1.
Mūsų tyrimo tikslas buvo nustatyti sėjos laiko įtaką žieminių rapsų skrotelės formavimuisi rudenį ir peržiemojimui kintančio klimato sąlygomis. Atlikus tyrimus, nustatyta, kad pagal biometrinius parametrus, žieminiai rapsai, sėti rugpjūčio 20 d. – rugsėjo 5 d., buvo geriausiai pasiruošę žiemojimui: jie turėjo 6,4–9,6 lapus, šaknies kaklelio storis buvo 4,5–10,2 mm, viršūninio pumpuro aukštis buvo 9,1–45,6 mm. Žieminių rapsų hibridinės veislės 'Kronos', auginimas ir vystymasis rudenį bei peržiemojimas, buvo geresni, negu žieminių rapsų linijinės veislės 'Sunday'. Žieminai rapsai veislės 'Kronos' ir 'Sunday', sėti rugpjūčio 30 d. – rugsėjo 5 d. peržiemojo geriausiai.
Hibridiniai rapsai buvo mažiau jautrūs sėjos laikui, nes jie tiek ankstyvesnės (rugpjūčio 10-20 d.), tiek vėlyvesnės (rugsėjo 10 d.) sėjos peržiemojo geriau už linijinius. Labai vėlyva rapsų sėja turėjo neigiamą įtaką žiemojimui. Pasėti rugsėjo 15 d. tiek ‘Sunday’, tiek ‘Kronos’ veislių žieminių rapsų pasėliai neperžiemojo.
Rapsų žiemojimas priklausė nuo skrotelės lapų skaičiaus, šaknies kaklelio storio ir viršūninio pumpuro aukščio bei nuo temperatūrų, didesnių nei +2oC sumos, kuri stipriais koreliaciniais ryšiais tiesiogiai susieta su rapsų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The experiment carried out in 2009–2010 in the Experimental Station of Lithuanian University of Agriculture, where is shallow calcareous luvisol (Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol) and before sowing soil pH – 6.7, phosphorus 235 mg kg-1, potassium – 189 mg kg-1. Aim of our research was to determine the effect of sowing time of winter oilseed rape in autumn and during the winter changing climatic conditions. The research showed that according to biometric parameters, winter rape, sown on 20 August – 5 September, was best prepared for the winter: they had 6.4 - 9.6 leaves, root of the neck thickness was 4.5–10.2 mm, apical bud height was 9.1–45.6 mm. The growth and development in the autumn and during the winter, of hybrid winter rape variety 'Kronos', was better than the linear variety of winter rape 'Sunday'. Winter rape varieties 'Kronos' or 'Sunday', sown on 30 August – 5 September, over wintered best. Hybrid rape were less sensitive to sowing date, because they both of earlier (10–20 August) and late (10 September) sowing dates over wintered better than linear. Very late sowing date had a negative impact on the over wintering. Sown on 15 September 'Sunday' and 'Kronos' varieties of winter rape crop has not over wintered. Rape wintering depends on the number of rosette leaves, root collar thick ness, apical bud height and the sum of high temperatures, higher than +2oC the which is in the strong possitive correlation wish the rape crowns morphometric parameters.
40
Caldas, Maria de Lurdes Martins. "A construção da diferença num arquipélago mestiço: brancos e não-brancos na são Filipe da primeira metade de novecentos." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3821.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Sociais
Especialidade de História dos Factos SociaisNeste trabalho, propõe-se um modelo teórico de interpretação do sistema de relações raciais em São Filipe, ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde, na primeira metade de Novecentos. Trata-se de uma linha de pesquisa focada nas dinâmicas da percepção e construção da raça e nas determinantes não raciais na explicação da dominação de exterioridade racial. O cruzamento das identificações raciais com outras variáveis (cultura, classe, poder) constitui um quadro de análise permitido pela existência de vasta documentação escrita e iconográfica e pela longevidade de parte considerável da população insular. A metodologia de investigação assenta, pois, na pesquisa documental e na entrevista a informantes qualificados. Os conceitos compósitos de branco e não-branco condensam o essencial da argumentação: ser branco, no Fogo, fazia parte de uma referencialidade simbólica alargada que integrava, para além da biológica, as dimensões cultural e linhagística. Assimetrias profundas e continuadas entre os dois grupos de povoadores – livre europeu e escravo africano – conformaram uma racialidade forte. A rarefacção do capital económico dos brancos, obstando à reprodução simbólica do grupo, e a crescente capitalização material e escolar dos não-brancos diminuiram a importância relativa da raça e do nascimento entre as dimensões significantes da estratificação e heterogeneizaram a composição sócio-racial da elite local.
This work proposes a theoretical interpretation of the racial relationship in Sao Filipe, Fogo, Cape Verde, in the first half of the twentieth century. This is a line of research focused on the dynamics of perception and construction of racial and non-racial determinants in the explanation of racial exteriority domination. The miscegenation of racial identifications with other variables (culture, class, power) is a framework of analysis allowed by the existence of extensive iconographic and written records and by the longevity of part of the islander population. The research methodology is based on documentary research and interviews to qualified informants. The heterogeneous concepts of white and non-white condense the essential of the controversy: being white, in Fogo, was part of a wider symbolic referentiality which included, in addition to biological, cultural and linguistic dimensions. Deep and continuing asymmetries between the two groups of settlers – Europeans and African slaves – conformed strong racial issues. The diminishing of the economic resources of whites, preventing the symbolic reproduction of the group, and the growth of material and scholar capitalization of the non-whites, decreased the relative importance of race and birth amongst the significant dimensions of stratification and heterogenized the socio-racial composition of the local elite
41
Commendador, Amy S. "Measuring variability in prehistoric stone construction on Rapa Nui, Chile." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/12064.
Full text
42
Dudgeon, John Vede. "The genetic architecture of the late prehistoric and protohistoric Rapa Nui." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20402.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.This thesis represents an initial effort to evaluate the chemical and genetic evidence for residential, spatial and interaction-based explanations for social and community structure within the late prehistoric (AD 1680-1722) and protohistoric (AD 1722-1868) Rapa Nui (Easter Islanders). One hundred sixty-seven dental specimens were measured for trace elements incorporated into the crystalline structure of the enamel during tooth formation using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Trace elements in the enamel were compared to the elemental signature from soils and sediments derived from the different volcanic flow events on the island. Multivariate statistical comparisons between these two datasets were used to assess the probability of residential stability. Ninety-two individual dental specimens were genotyped using microsatellite DNA extracted from the tooth root, and a study of the overall variation within the island as a group, as well as the patterns of gene flow between sites and site clusters was performed. The genetic data are interpreted using a nested set of hypotheses constructed around the lineage-based descent systems described in the protohistoric observations and ethnographic reconstructions of early European visitors, and recent osteological studies using craniometrics and discrete traits of the skeleton to identify intra-island population affinities. Inbreeding coefficients and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) are used to describe the direction and frequency of gene flow and isolation between the ethnographic and craniometric groups, and phylogenetic trees visually demonstrate possible patterns of relatedness. Additionally, the genetic data are used to evaluate the size and timing of island colonization, by estimating effective population size and determining whether the genetic architecture of the sample is representative of genetic bottleneck and subsequent rapid demographic expansion. The data and conclusions developed from the chemical and genetic analysis of the enamel and bone from the Rapa Nui skeletal collection augment current archaeological, physical anthropological and ethnohistoric evidence and explanations. I offer some evidence and test explanations for the observed distribution of genetic variation in the skeletal series, and present a research program for future study in the curated skeletal collection to significantly expand the current understanding of the nature of the archaeological landscape on Rapa Nui.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 252-286).
Also available by subscription via World Wide Web
301 leaves, bound 29 cm
43
Gonschor, Lorenz R. "Law as a tool of oppression and liberation: institutional histories and perspectives on political independence in Hawaiʻi, Tahiti Nui / French Polynesia and Rapa Nui." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20375.
Full text
44
Croucher, Karina T., and C. Richards. "Wrapped in images: body metaphors, petroglyphs and landscape in the island world of Rapa Nui (Easter Island)." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10434.
Full text
45
Richards, C., Karina T. Croucher, T. Paoa, T. Parish, E. Tucki, and K. Welham. "Road my body goes: re-creating ancestors from stone at the great moai quarry of Rano Raraku, Rapa Nui (Easter Island)." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6153.
Full textAbstract:
NoRecognizable throughout the world, the stone statues (moai) of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) represent the largest monolithic architecture produced in Polynesia. The exquisitely carved and finished head and torso of each statue testifies to a skill in stone carving and dressing unmatched throughout the Pacific. Yet, approximately one thousand ‘classic’ statues were produced at the quarries within a few hundred years. What was the ritual status of the quarry and the labour necessary to produce the numbers of statues that allowed Heyerdahl to declare that the ‘whole mountain massif has been reshaped, the volcano has been greedily cut up’ (1958: 83)? What was it like to go to work at Rano Raraku? By drawing on a range of evidence we argue that walking to and labouring at Rano Raraku represented a spatial and temporal journey to a place of highly dangerous forces, a cosmogonic centre where prehistoric Rapa Nui people came face to face with their ancestors and the Polynesian gods.
46
Jung, Kyungja. "Constitution and maintenance of feminist practice : a comparative case study of sexual assault centres in Australia and Korea /." 2002. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20031209.091739/index.html.
Full text
47
Oliveira, Frederico Lage de. "Rabdomiólise : revisão bibliográfica com base num caso clinico de etiologia rara." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/26566.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2016A rabdomiólise é definida como uma condição patológica em que ocorre lesão e necrose das células do músculo-esquelético conduzindo à libertação de material intracelular tóxico para a circulação sanguínea. São várias as causas de uma crise de rabdomiólise, desde crises de etiologia traumática, das mais comuns, a crises causadas por deficiências enzimáticas, menos comuns. Uma dessas deficiências enzimáticas é a deficiência da acil-CoA desidrogenase de cadeia muito longa (VLCAD), e que é caracterizada como um defeito congénito do metabolismo dos ácidos gordos de cadeia muito longa. É causada por uma deficiência da enzima acil-CoA desidrogenase de cadeia muito longa, que catalisa o primeiro passo da β-oxidação dos ácidos gordos. Todos os seres vivos necessitam de energia para crescer, movimentar-se, pensar e realizar qualquer outra atividade. A energia produz-se pela oxidação, principalmente dos açúcares (glicose) e dos ácidos gordos dentro das mitocôndrias, logo na existência de um defeito no metabolismo dos ácidos gordos, principalmente em situações em que as necessidades energéticas sejam maiores, ocorre a incapacidade de se produzir a quantidade de ATP adequada às necessidades das células musculares, e como tal, surgem as situações de rabdomiólise. Frequentemente a rabdomiólise associa-se a lesão renal aguda (LRA), sendo essencial um tratamento eficaz para diminuir a morbilidade e mortalidade. Além do tratamento da LRA, é imprescindível tratar a etiologia base e principalmente no caso das deficiências enzimáticas é muito importante adotar medidas preventivas.
Rhabdomyolysis is defined as a pathological condition in which there is injury and necrosis of skeletal muscle cells, leading to release of toxic intracellular material into the bloodstream. There are several causes of rhabdomyolysis crisis, from traumatic etiology, the most common, to crisis caused by enzyme deficiencies, less common. One of these deficiencies is the enzymatic deficiency of Acyl- CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain (VLCAD), which is characterized as a congenital defect in the metabolism of very long chain fatty acids. It is caused by a deficiency of very long chain Acyl CoA dehydrogenase enzyme, that catalyzes the first step of the β - oxidation of fatty acids. Every living being needs energy to grow, move, think and perform other activities. The energy is produced by oxidation, mainly of sugars (glucose) and fatty acids into the mitochondria. The existence of a defect in the metabolism of fatty acids, particularly in activities where energy needs are greater than usual, causes an inability to produce adequate quantities of ATP to support the muscle cells necessities, causing rhabdomyolysis. Often rhabdomyolysis is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI), and an effective treatment is essential to reduce mortality and morbidity. In addition to the treatment of AKI is essential to treat the underlying etiology and especially in the case of enzyme deficiencies is very important to take preventive measures.
48
Smith, Sara. "La cuestión indígena y el estado nacional : análisis crítico de discursos oficiales contemporáneos en Chile." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17312.
Full text
49
Almeida, Mariana Dantas de Brito. "Avaliação do temperamento de ovelhas das raças Ile-de-France e Churra da Terra Quente: respostas do comportamento e do nível de cortisol num teste de arena." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/5955.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia ZootécnicaO conhecimento do temperamento dos animais de produção contribui para melhorar o maneio mas também para a seleção dos mesmos. O temperamento pode ter influência em fatores reprodutivos – conduta maternal, desenvolvimento do feto – mas também em fatores produtivos – ganho médio diário, produção de leite, produção de carne. Existem vários testes de temperamento, sendo o teste da arena com operador estático um dos mais utilizados em ovinos. Com este estudo pretende-se comprovar a existência de diferenças de temperamento entre ovinos das raças Churra da Terra Quente (CTQ) e Ile-de-France (IF). É colocada a hipótese de que os IF são mais nervosos. Neste estudo foram utilizados 10 ovinos, 5 da raça CTQ e 5 da raça IF. Foram realizados testes a 4 animais de cada raça e recolha de sangue a 3. O teste utilizado foi o acima mencionado. O operador permaneceu estático durante 10 minutos, numa arena, e foram gravados os comportamentos do animal. A análise estatística revelou diferenças significativas (P < 0,05) na atividade locomotora dos animais, sendo os IF mais ativos (2,86 mmin-1 vs 2,31 mmin-1). Os ovinos IF também demonstram uma maior atividade comportamental através de um maior número de vocalizações altas e uma menor reticência em vocalizar alto pela primeira vez (48 vs 18 e 0,642 vs 4,9; P < 0,05, respetivamente para IF e CTQ). A análise dos níveis de cortisol corroboram os resultados obtidos na análise dos comportamentos, tendo sido encontrados valores superiores nos ovinos IF (2,603 μg dL-1 vs 2,096 μg dL-1; P < 0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas recolhas anteriores ao teste mas na recolha posterior, os animais IF apresentam valores superiores (4,128 μg dL-1 vs 3,239 μg dL-1; P < 0,05), ou seja, o teste permite estabelecer diferenças entre as duas raças. Estes resultados demonstram que o teste de arena com operador estático pode ser um procedimento simples que permite avaliar o temperamento de ovinos.
The knowledge of temperament in farm animal species contributes for a better management and for better animal selection. Temperament can influence reproduction traits – maternal behavior, pregnancy development – but also productive traits – average gain, milk production, meat production and respective quality. There are many temperament tests, but the arena test with a static operator, is one of the most reliable for sheep. In this study it was hypothesized that there are differences in temperament between Churra da Terra Quente (CTQ) and Ile-de-France (IF) sheep, the last being more nervous, and that the animals undergo some habituation to the test. Ten adult sheep, 5 CTQ and 5 IF, were used in this study. 4 animals of each breed were submitted to test and 3 of these undergo blood sampling. The arena test mentioned above was performed. The operator was static for 10 minutes, in closed indoors, and the animal behavior was filmed. The statistical analyses revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) in locomotor activity, the IF being more active (2.86 m min-1 vs 2.31m min-1). IF sheep also show an increased activity through an higher number of loud bleats and a lower latency in bleating for the first time (48 vs 18 and 0.642 vs 4.9; P < 0.05, respectively for IF and CTQ). The cortisol analyses are consistent with the other studies, the IF sheep having higher values (2.603 μg dL-1 vs 2.096 μg dL-1; P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two breed previous to the test but after the test the IF sheep had higher cortisol values (4.128 μg dL-1 vs 3.239 μg dL-1), meaning that the test allows to establish differences between breeds. These results demonstrate that the arena test with a static operator can be a simple procedure, capable for evaluating sheep temperament.
50
Maselesele, Dembe. "Effects of macadamia husk compost on physicochemical soil properties, growth and yield of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. Chinesis) on sandy soil." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1553.
Full textAbstract:
MSCAGR (Plant Production)Department of Plant Production
Poor soil fertility caused by inadequate supply of nutrients on soil is one of the major constraints limiting crop production especially in the Vhembe District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa. Therefore, management practices such as application of organic manure to minimize soil infertility is considered as good practice for smallholder farmers. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of macadamia husk compost on selected soil properties as well as the growth and yield of Chinese cabbage on sandy loam soil. A field experiment was carried out during 2018 and 2019 winter season at the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) research farm in Levubu. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments (control (zero)), inorganic fertilizer (100:60:60 NPK Kg ha-1) and compost at 15t ha-1 & 30t ha-1 replicated 3 times. Soil was analyzed before planting and after harvesting to determine the influence of applied compost on selected physical properties (soil bulk density and water holding capacity) and chemical properties (soil pH, soil organic matter, soil organic C, EC, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Al, Zn and Mn). Number of leaves, fresh mass, dry mass and leaf area was collected at three harvests interval (28, 46 and 74 days after transplanting). After each harvest period, leaves were analysed for nutrient content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn and B). During the final harvest crops were uprooted and root biomass (fresh mass, dry mass and root length) were recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted on all data using Genstat package 18th addition. Differences between treatment means were separated using the least significant differences (LSD) procedure and correlations analysis was determined using Pearson’s simple correlation coefficient. Macadamia husk compost application had a significant effect on soil bulk density and water holding capacity. Addition of macadamia husk compost significantly increased soil pH, OC, N, C: N K, P, Mg, Ca, Na, Al, Zn, Ca and Mn. In contrast, addition of macadamia husk compost had no effect on soil EC. Yield components (number of leaves, fresh mass, dry mass), root biomass, root length and leaf area increased with application of macadamia husk compost. Yield components, root biomass, root length and leaf area were significantly affected (p<0.01) by harvesting time. Yield components in the second cropping season was greater than yield components in the first season. Macadamia husk compost application showed no significant effect on leaf nutrient content of Chinese cabbage. However, leaf nutrient content was affected by harvesting time. It is evident from the results of this study that macadamia husk compost affects soil fertility and plant production. The results suggest that macadamia husk compost has a potential to be used as a reliable fertilizer by famers especially smallholder farmers who struggle to buy inorganic fertilizer because they are expensive. Since this study was conducted over two seasons and compost effect tend to be long term, further research is needed on application of macadamia husk compost on soil properties and yield of other crops over wide range of soils.
NRF