Journal articles on the topic 'Range advance'
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1
Burbank, Douglas W., and Monique B. Fort. "Bedrock Control on Glacial Limits: Examples from the Ladakh and Zanskar Ranges, North-Western Himalaya, India." Journal of Glaciology 31, no. 108 (1985): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000006389.
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AbstractIn the north-western Himalaya, the distribution of modem glaciers and snowlines in the Ladakh and Zanskar Ranges adjacent to the Indus River valley suggests comparable climatic conditions prevail in the two ranges. Similarly, the positions of terminal moraines and reconstructed equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) indicate equivalent magnitudes of Neoglacial and Late Glacial advances in both ranges. However, the terminal positions and reconstructed ELAs from the late Pleistocene maximum advances are at least 400 m lower in the Ladakh Range than in the nearby Zanskar Range. These differences do not appear to reflect either climatic or tectonic controls. Rather, they are caused by an unusual bedrock configuration in the Zanskar Range, where vertical strata of indurated sandstones and conglomerates, and narrow steep-walled canyons cut through them, created a bulwark that effectively precluded significant down-valley advance. Without recognition of this physical impedance to glacial advance, uncritical reconstructions would greatly overestimate the altitude of the ELA in the Zanskar Range.
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Burbank, Douglas W., and Monique B. Fort. "Bedrock Control on Glacial Limits: Examples from the Ladakh and Zanskar Ranges, North-Western Himalaya, India." Journal of Glaciology 31, no. 108 (1985): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000006389.
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AbstractIn the north-western Himalaya, the distribution of modem glaciers and snowlines in the Ladakh and Zanskar Ranges adjacent to the Indus River valley suggests comparable climatic conditions prevail in the two ranges. Similarly, the positions of terminal moraines and reconstructed equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) indicate equivalent magnitudes of Neoglacial and Late Glacial advances in both ranges. However, the terminal positions and reconstructed ELAs from the late Pleistocene maximum advances are at least 400 m lower in the Ladakh Range than in the nearby Zanskar Range. These differences do not appear to reflect either climatic or tectonic controls. Rather, they are caused by an unusual bedrock configuration in the Zanskar Range, where vertical strata of indurated sandstones and conglomerates, and narrow steep-walled canyons cut through them, created a bulwark that effectively precluded significant down-valley advance. Without recognition of this physical impedance to glacial advance, uncritical reconstructions would greatly overestimate the altitude of the ELA in the Zanskar Range.
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DAGANI, RON. "Nanostructured Materials Promise To Advance Range of Technologies." Chemical & Engineering News 70, no. 47 (November 23, 1992): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n047.p018.
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Su, Wenpeng, Boyang Zheng, and Pengfei Jiang. "Study on Anchor Cable instead of Single Hydraulic Prop Support in Advance Support of Deep Roadway." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 23, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6644832.
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In order to solve the problems of complicated advanced support process, high labor intensity, affecting the rapid advance of working face and the destruction of roof bolt (cable) by advance single hydraulic prop in ultra kilometer deep mine roadway, the deformation characteristics of roadway surrounding rock is analyzed. Taking the 27304 working face of Wanglou coal mine as the engineering background, numerical simulation, field monitoring, and theoretical calculation were used to analyze the deformation characteristics of roadway surrounding rock within the advanced influence range of 27304 working face. This paper puts forward the active advance support technology scheme, in which grouting anchor cable replaces the existing single hydraulic prop in the advance influence range of the working face in the ultra-kilometer deep mine, and observes and analyzes the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock of the working face advance roadway. The numerical simulation results show that in the advanced influence range of deep roadway, grouting anchor cable was used to replace the previous single hydraulic prop, and the vertical stress at both ends of the working face decreased by 15 MPa, with a decrease rate of 33.3%; the displacement of roadway roof, floor, and two sides decreased by 10 mm, 55 mm, and 20 mm, with a decrease rate of 40%, 68.75%, and 47.6%, respectively. The field monitoring results show that the roof separation is obviously improved after using grouting anchor cable as the active advance support scheme. It solves the problem of safe and efficient production faced by the ultra-kilometer deep shaft in Wanglou coal mine and provides theoretical and technical support for unmanned double roadway advance support under the condition of safe and efficient mining.
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Gawande, Sanket. "A Review Paper on Advance Long Range Spy Robot." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 2817–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35051.
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Now a day many illegal activities like crossing borders through forest regions, planting landmines, etc to keep an eye on such activities there is a need for some spying device that can spy on the restricted areas or some forest or territorial region where a human cannot go due to risk. In this paper, we have described such type of spy robot that is ‘long range spy robot with night vision camera’. This system Long Range Spy Robot with Metal Detection is very innovative as this system allows operating a robot irrespective of the distance. To drive the system, the user has to formulate a call to the phone coupled to this robot and once the call is received, the user will have to make use of the keypad to transmit data commands to the robot. The data commands will make the robot either go in forward, then backward, left, or right direction. The system makes use of a night vision-enabled spy vision-enabled help of which the user can view the area captured by this spy camera which will be mounted on this robot. The user will be able to view the area captured by this spy camera not only during the daytime but also during the night. All the areas captured by this spy camera can be viewed in a mobile application or PC.
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McCoy, Patrick T., and Geza Pesti. "Improving Dilemma-Zone Protection of Advance Detection with Advance-Warning Flashers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1844, no. 1 (January 2003): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1844-02.
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Two methods of dilemma-zone protection were compared. One was a conventional design with advance detectors at multiple locations. The other was a new design with advance detection at only one location and advance warning flashers on signs, with the legend “Prepare to Stop when Flashing,” which are interconnected to the traffic signal. The flashers are activated at a predetermined time before the onset of yellow. Field studies indicated that the performance of both designs depended on the probability that vehicle speeds are in the speed range of their dilemma-zone protection when the green terminated by gap-out. The primary advantage of the new design was its shorter maximum allowable headway, which greatly reduced the probability of max-out and loss of dilemma-zone protection at higher volumes. However, this advantage is diminished at low volumes by the limited speed range for which it provides dilemma-zone protection. The new design was modified to reduce the effects of this limitation and improve the level of dilemma-zone protection it provides.
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Sun, Xiao Na, Hong Guang Zhang, Xin Wang, Dao Jing Wang, Guo Yong Zheng, and Xiao Na Sun. "Effects of Spark Advance Angle on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Compressed Natural Gas Engine." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 6085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.6085.
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The effects of spark advance angle on combustion and emission characteristics of a compressed natural gas engine have been investigated experimentally in this paper. The experimental data was conducted under various excessive air coefficient conditions using an electronic ignition system developed self-dependently. The results show that the peak cylinder pressure and peak rate of pressure rise ascends with the increase of spark advance angle in a certain extent, and their corresponding location are advanced. The CO emission keeps almost the same as the spark advance angle varies in the overall mode range. The HC and NOx emissions ascend with the increase of spark advance angle under the condition that excessive air coefficient is near the theoretical value. Under the lean-burn condition, the HC and NOx emissions are almost the same while the spark advance angle varies.
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Jiang, Pengfei, Peng Xiao, Fanbao Meng, Suolin Jing, Jingkai Zhang, Ge Wang, and Peng Zhao. "Application Study on Active Advanced Support Technology in Deep Roadway under Mine Goaf." Geofluids 2020 (November 24, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8865238.
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To solve the problems of the rapid advance of the working face was delayed by complicated working procedure and high labor intensity, and the severe damage of roof bolt (anchor cable) induced by advanced hydraulic support, the deformation characteristics of surrounding rock, and the supporting principle of grouting truss anchor cable were analyzed theoretically by taking the roadway of 3_(down) coal seams 2326# working face in Sanhekou coal mine as the research object; then, the mechanical model of supporting structure of roadway under goaf was established. Based on this model, the optimal supporting scheme was determined, and the active advanced support technology scheme of “advanced grouting truss anchor cable” was proposed to take the place of the existing single pillar. The deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock of the working face leading roadway were observed and analyzed on-site. Within the allowable range of reading error, the results showed that the maximum displacement of medium-deep base point and shallow base point of two roadways was 15.2 cm and 10.9 cm, respectively; the pressure value had a more obvious jump increase when the distance between each measuring point and the working face was about 35 m, which means the range is strongly affected by the advance mining, and the area affected by advanced mining was 35 m ahead of the working face. It was observed that the lowest position of roof separation development ranged from 0.71 m to 2.73 m. The separation layer was generally distributed in the range of 0.73 m-2.49 m, and the fracture area was roughly distributed in the range of 0.01 m-0.62 m. Under the condition of overlying goaf, there was a complete stress structure, which can meet the requirements of suspension support.
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Marx, D., JS Berg, Y. Cai, BRP Gamage, GH Hoffstaetter, J. Kewisch, Y. Li, et al. "Designing the EIC electron storage ring lattice for a wide energy range." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2420, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2420/1/012010.
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Abstract The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will collide electrons with hadrons at center-of-mass energies up to 140 GeV (in the case of electron-proton collisions). A 3.8-kilometer electron storage ring is being designed, which will store electrons with a range of energies up to 18 GeV for collisions at one or two interaction points. At energies up to 10 GeV the arcs will be tuned to provide 60 degree phase advance per cell in both planes, whereas at top energy of 18 GeV a 90 degree phase advance per cell will be used, which largely compensates for the horizontal emittance increase with energy. The optics must be matched at three separate energies, and the different phase-advance requirements in both the arc cells and the straight sections make this challenging. Moreover, the spin rotators must fulfill requirements for polarization and spin matching at widely different energies while satisfying technical constraints. In this paper these challenges and proposed solutions are presented and discussed.
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Jacobs, G. S., and T. J. Sluckin. "Long-range dispersal, stochasticity and the broken accelerating wave of advance." Theoretical Population Biology 100 (March 2015): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2014.12.003.
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Luckman, B. H., K. A. Harding, and J. P. Hamilton. "Recent glacier advances in the Premier Range, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-111.
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Aerial photography (1948–1985) and field investigations are used to reconstruct recent ice-front fluctuations for 27 glaciers (size range 0.63–17.9 km2) in the Premier Range, British Columbia. Rapid rates of frontal recession between ca. 1930 and the mid-fifties were followed by glacier readvance at many sites, culminating in the 1973–1976 period, when 90% of the monitored ice fronts were either advancing (68%) or stable. Maximum downvalley advance was about 0.5 km (median ~90 m), and 14 glaciers formed new terminal or lateral moraine ridges between 1970 and 1985. Nine of these postdate 1976; one is dated to the 1980–1981 winter using tree rings. The glacial advance is attributed to significant mass-balance changes inferred from periods of increased winter precipitation (ca. 1951–1976) and low summer temperatures (1954–1968) measured at Valemount. Warmer summers and reduced winter precipitation after 1976 account for the slight recession of ice fronts from maximum downvalley positions in the last few years.
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Zhang, Jie Zhong, and Qing Ping Zheng. "The Study on the Top Clearance Plunger Pump in Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1755.
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The simulation method was used to study the fuel supply and injection characteristics of diesel top clearance plunger pump. The results show that the top clearance plunger pump relative advance of fuel supply is larger than that of the traditional plunger, and it can achieve the purpose of injection advance when the oil pump operate at 600~1000rpm. Through optimizing the structure of top clearance plunger, the amount of the injection advance can become larger and the advanced range of speed is increased. After optimized, the BSFC (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption) is 4.3% lower than that before when the diesel engine matched the top clearance plunger, which shows its advantage especially in working at high-speed.
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Crego, PJ, and EJ Lipp. "Nurses' knowledge of advance directives." American Journal of Critical Care 7, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1998.7.3.218.
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BACKGROUND: The Patient Self-Determination Act offers persons the opportunity to make their end-of-life choices known by the use of advance directives. Although nurses are designated advocates for patients and are available to communicate patients' concerns and wishes to other healthcare providers, few data on nurses' knowledge of advance directives have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To describe nurses' knowledge of advanced directives. SAMPLE: A volunteer sample of 339 RNs in a 600-bed acute care teaching hospital was surveyed. The sample represents 38% of the approximately 900 nurses employed at this hospital. METHODS: Data obtained from a 44-item questionnaire that tested nurses' knowledge of advance directives were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between nurses' knowledge of advance directives and certain demographic factors was analyzed. RESULTS: The mean score for knowledge of advance directives was 78% correct answers. Fifty-five percent of the respondents indicated that they did not have a good understanding of advance directives. Only 14% had completed these end-of-life documents for themselves, and 92% indicated that further education would increase their understanding of advance directives. An analysis of variance produced only one significant finding: the relationship between ethnicity and knowledge about advance directives. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses must increase their knowledge of advance directives. Results of this survey should stimulate caregivers and hospital policy makers to take a long-range view of their responsibilities to patients regarding advance directives and their responsibilities for educating the persons who convey information about advance directives to patients.
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Rogerson, R. J. "Measured Re-advance of a Debris-covered Glacier Terminus in the President Range, Yoho National Park, British Columbia, Canada." Journal of Glaciology 31, no. 107 (1985): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000004937.
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AbstractMeasurements made at the terminus of Emerald Glacier in the Rocky Mountains of Canada indicate terminal re-advance in the order of one to two metres per year sustained since 1978 at least. Re-advance is maximum along that part of the terminus which is heavily covered with supraglacial debris, where ice remains in contact with a push-moraine all summer. Re-advance may represent fluctuations of a small, responsive ice mass, or the early effects of recent climatic deterioration.
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Rogerson, R. J. "Measured Re-advance of a Debris-covered Glacier Terminus in the President Range, Yoho National Park, British Columbia, Canada." Journal of Glaciology 31, no. 107 (1985): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000004937.
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AbstractMeasurements made at the terminus of Emerald Glacier in the Rocky Mountains of Canada indicate terminal re-advance in the order of one to two metres per year sustained since 1978 at least. Re-advance is maximum along that part of the terminus which is heavily covered with supraglacial debris, where ice remains in contact with a push-moraine all summer. Re-advance may represent fluctuations of a small, responsive ice mass, or the early effects of recent climatic deterioration.
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Kinnard, Christophe, and Antoni G. Lewkowicz. "Frontal advance of turf-banked solifluction lobes, Kluane Range, Yukon Territory, Canada." Geomorphology 73, no. 3-4 (February 2006): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.010.
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Chavarri Guerra, Yanin, Wendy Alicia Ramos-Lopez, Sofía Sánchez-Román, Paulina Quiroz, Alfredo Covarrubias-Gómez, Natasha Alcocer, Andrea Morales Alfaro, et al. "Advance directives among patients with advanced cancer in Mexico." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.28_suppl.186.
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186 Background: Completion of advance directives can help to ensure consistency with people´s preferences at the end of life. However, disparities in access to advance care planning is common among Hispanic population and little is known about their end-of life wishes. Although in Mexico, advance directives were legalized in 2008, only 21% of people know about it. Objective: To describe end-of-life wishes among patients with advanced cancer planning in a third level hospital in Mexico City. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of advance directives planning from patients with advanced cancer included in a multidisciplinary patient navigator-led supportive care program in Mexico City (Te Acompañamos). Patients with a life expectancy of 6 months or less were invited to complete advance directives (AD). Life expectancy was calculated using the palliative performance scale (PPS). Descriptive statistics were used for this analysis. Results: From September 2017 to November 2021, a total of 238 patients were invited to complete AD and 55 (23.1%) completed it, 14.5% in 2017, 29% in 2018, 34.5% in 2019, 9% in 2020 and 12.7% in 2021. The mean age among those who completed AD was 65.8 years (range 38-91), 52.7% were women and 61.8% had gastrointestinal cancer. Forty-three (78.1%) patients stated their wish to die at home, 18.1% to have cardiopulmonary reanimation, 9% invasive mechanical ventilation, 24.4% tube feeding, 90.9% pain medications, 10.9% organ donation, 40% cremation, 38.1% a funeral and 50.9% a death ritual. At median follow up of 5 months (0-39), 43 (78.1%) patients have died, and their endo-of-life wishes were respected in 77.5 % of them concerning the place of death and in 96.7% regarding cardiopulmonary reanimation and invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: In our patient navigator-led supportive program approximately a quarter of patients with advanced cancer and a life expectancy of 6 month or less completed AD and end-of-life wishes were respected in a significant proportion of them. Telemedicine methods used to invite patients during COVID-19 pandemic decreased the proportion of AD completion. Although, advanced care planning is associated with improved in quality of care at the end of life, several barriers and disparities exist among Hispanics and strategies to improve their completion are needed.
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Phillips, Ben L. "The evolution of growth rates on an expanding range edge." Biology Letters 5, no. 6 (July 15, 2009): 802–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0367.
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Individuals in the vanguard of a species invasion face altered selective conditions when compared with conspecifics behind the invasion front. Assortment by dispersal ability on the expanding front, for example, drives the evolution of increased dispersal, which, in turn, leads to accelerated rates of invasion. Here I propose an additional evolutionary mechanism to explain accelerating invasions: shifts in population growth rate ( r ). Because individuals in the vanguard face lower population density than those in established populations, they should (relative to individuals in established populations) experience greater r -selection. To test this possibility, I used the ongoing invasion of cane toads ( Bufo marinus ) across northern Australia. Life-history theory shows that the most efficient way to increase the rate of population growth is to reproduce earlier. Thus, I predict that toads on the invasion front will exhibit faster individual growth rates (and thus will reach breeding size earlier) than those from older populations. Using a common garden design, I show that this is indeed the case: both tadpoles and juvenile toads from frontal populations grow around 30 per cent faster than those from older, long established populations. These results support theoretical predictions that r increases during range advance and highlight the importance of understanding the evolution of life history during range advance.
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Kie, John G., Jason Matthiopoulos, John Fieberg, Roger A. Powell, Francesca Cagnacci, Michael S. Mitchell, Jean-Michel Gaillard, and Paul R. Moorcroft. "The home-range concept: are traditional estimators still relevant with modern telemetry technology?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1550 (July 27, 2010): 2221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0093.
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Recent advances in animal tracking and telemetry technology have allowed the collection of location data at an ever-increasing rate and accuracy, and these advances have been accompanied by the development of new methods of data analysis for portraying space use, home ranges and utilization distributions. New statistical approaches include data-intensive techniques such as kriging and nonlinear generalized regression models for habitat use. In addition, mechanistic home-range models, derived from models of animal movement behaviour, promise to offer new insights into how home ranges emerge as the result of specific patterns of movements by individuals in response to their environment. Traditional methods such as kernel density estimators are likely to remain popular because of their ease of use. Large datasets make it possible to apply these methods over relatively short periods of time such as weeks or months, and these estimates may be analysed using mixed effects models, offering another approach to studying temporal variation in space-use patterns. Although new technologies open new avenues in ecological research, our knowledge of why animals use space in the ways we observe will only advance by researchers using these new technologies and asking new and innovative questions about the empirical patterns they observe.
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Lee, Won, Jong-Joo Moon, Min-Hyo Lee, and Jang-Mok Kim. "Novel Phase Advance Method of a BLDC Motor for Wide Range Speed Operations." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 31, no. 9 (September 30, 2017): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2017.31.9.063.
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Kim, Hak-Yoon, and Seong-Wook Choi. "Trim Range and Characteristics of Autorotation(II): Advance Ratio Variation and Flapping Characteristics." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 39, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2011.39.6.498.
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Phillips, Ben L., Crystal Kelehear, Lígia Pizzatto, Gregory P. Brown, Di Barton, and Richard Shine. "Parasites and pathogens lag behind their host during periods of host range advance." Ecology 91, no. 3 (March 2010): 872–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-0530.1.
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Qian, Shinan, Kun Qian, and Mourad Idir. "Advance in a nano-accuracy surface profiler with an extended-angle test range." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 710 (May 2013): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.106.
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Begét, James E., Mary J. Keskinen, and Kenneth P. Severin. "Tephrochronologic Constraints on the Late Pleistocene History of the Southern Margin of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, Western Washington." Quaternary Research 47, no. 2 (March 1997): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.1877.
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An ash layer that appears geochemically correlative with Mt. St. Helens tephra set S occurs in a sequence of Pleistocene lake sediments in the Ohop Valley of the southern Puget Lowland, below Vashon till deposited during the maximum late Pleistocene advance (Fraser Glaciation) of the Puget Lobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. The Puget Lobe reached its maximum southern extent ca. 14,000–14,500 yr B.P., and at least part of set S is evidently somewhat older. Previous radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dates for set S have ranged from 13,000 to 16,000 yr B.P.Geochemically correlative deposits of set S tephra occur in slackwater sediments coeval with the Missoula Floods in eastern Washington, produced by jökulhlaups through the Purcell Trench Lobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. These relationships suggest that advances of glacier lobes on the southern margin of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet were nonsynchronous, as the Pucell Trench lobe east of the Cascade Range advanced to its maximum southern extent prior to the time of the eruption of set S, before the Puget Lobe west of the Cascades reached its maximum southern extent.
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Oliveira, B. L. N., E. F. Jaguaribe, A. F. Bezerra, A. S. Rumão, and B. L. C. Queiroga. "A DIESEL ENGINE CONVERTED INTO OTTO CYCLE ENGINE: THE INFLUENCE OF THE SPARK ADVANCE ON ITS PERFORMANCE AND ON NOx EMISSIONS." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v12i1.62027.
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This paper analyzes the performance of a diesel engine converted into an Otto cycle engine and its Nitrogen dioxide emissions in terms of the spark advance variation. The tests were conducted on a Perkins diesel engine 1104C - 44TAG turbocharged, whose compression ratio was reduced to 9.33:1. After conversion the engine started operating with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and running just with stoichiometric mixtures. The tests have been limited to 10 to 40 kW, always at 1800 rpm. During the experiments the ignition advance angle ranged from 5º up to 27º (BTDC), using the increment of 5°, whenever possible. Particularly at 40 kW, the range of the ignition advance was 15º to 20º. The results showed a significant influence of the spark advance angle on the fuel consumption, on the temperature and on the NOx emissions, as well as on the magnitude of the generated power.
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Bürger, G. "Dynamically vs. empirically downscaled medium-range precipitation forecasts." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 2 (April 27, 2009): 3517–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-3517-2009.
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Abstract. For three small, mountainous catchments in Germany two medium-range forecast systems are compared that predict precipitation for up to 5 days in advance. One system is composed of the global German weather service (DWD) model, GME, which is dynamically downscaled using the COSMO-EU regional model. The other system is an empirical (expanded) downscaling of the ECMWF model IFS. Forecasts are verified against multi-year daily observations, by applying standard skill scores to events of specified intensity. All event classes are skillfully predicted by the empirical system for up to five days lead time. For the available prediction range of one to two days it is superior to the dynamical system.
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Bürger, G. "Dynamically vs. empirically downscaled medium-range precipitation forecasts." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 9 (September 16, 2009): 1649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1649-2009.
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Abstract. For three small, mountainous catchments in Germany two medium-range forecast systems are compared that predict precipitation for up to 5 days in advance. One system is composed of the global German weather service (DWD) model, GME, which is dynamically downscaled using the COSMO-EU regional model. The other system is an empirical (expanded) downscaling of the ECMWF model IFS. Forecasts are verified against multi-year daily observations, by applying standard skill scores to events of specified intensity. All event classes are skillfully predicted by the empirical system for up to five days lead time. For the available prediction range of one to two days it is superior to the dynamical system.
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WOLFF, JONATHAN. "Dementia, death and advance directives." Health Economics, Policy and Law 7, no. 4 (October 2012): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133112000278.
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AbstractThis article considers the ethics of advance directives, especially in relation to conditions such as dementia. For some choices, such as over whether one's life should end at home or in a hospice, advance directives can be very enlightened and helpful. For others, such as those to end the life of an autonomous subject, against their will, have no moral appeal and would rightly be ignored. In a wide range of intermediate cases, given our typical lack of insight into how changes in our health condition will affect us in other ways, we should be very cautious indeed in promoting the use of advance directives in end-of-life decisions, at least where a reasonable quality of life remains. There may be some reasons for giving priority to the earlier autonomous self over a later, contented but non-autonomous self, but these reasons seem far from compelling.
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Fudenberg, Drew. "Advancing Beyond Advances in Behavioral Economics." Journal of Economic Literature 44, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 694–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.44.3.694.
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This essay discusses the field of behavioral economics, with a focus on the papers in Advances in Behavioral Economics. These papers show that there is a body of “behavioral facts” that is both economically significant and regular enough to be modeled. For the field to advance further, it should devote more attention to the foundations of its models, and develop unified explanations for a wider range of phenomena.
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Coulson, Anthony J. "Picture libraries: a survey of the present situation and a look into the future." Art Libraries Journal 13, no. 2 (1988): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200005617.
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Picture libraries have been developed to serve a wide range of public and private enthusiasms and needs. Collections of several kinds have evolved to serve different archival, commercial, teaching and private functions. Recent developments include advances in conservation and exploitation, the publication of directories, and the formation of associations of picture libraries. Technological advance may help provide opportunities for greater cooperation and more effective use of existing resources.
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Chen, Shao Jie, Wei Jia Guo, Hai Long Wang, and Bo Li. "Optimization Study of Advance Support in the Roadway of Paste Filling Working Face." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3702.
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On the basis of the field measurement, the characteristics of advance strata behavior are analyzed in the past filling working face and the advance support method is optimized in the roadway. The practical measure researches show that, because the paste filling supports the overlying strata of the goaf availably, the strata behaviors of 2351 paste filling working face in Daizhuang coalmine are not obvious; And the protective pillar bears a little load, The strata behaviors in non-production side are smaller than that in production side. The overlying strata gravity mainly acts on the coal wall in front of the face and the paste filling in the goaf. The value and main influence range of advance stress in front of the face is quite small and the main influence range is less than 15m. According to the advance strata behavior characteristics of the paste filling working face, the advance support of the track roadway is changed from 3 rows to 2 rows. And the support length of each row reduces from 20m to 15m. The advance support after optimizing can reduce the labor intensity greatly and improve the working efficiency of backfill mining.
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Tippett, Michael K., Mansour Almazroui, and In-Sik Kang. "Extended-Range Forecasts of Areal-Averaged Rainfall over Saudi Arabia." Weather and Forecasting 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 1090–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-15-0011.1.
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Abstract The climate of Saudi Arabia is arid–semiarid with infrequent but sometimes intense rainfall, which can cause flooding. Interannual and intraseasonal precipitation variability in the region is related to ENSO and MJO tropical convection. The predictability of these tropical signals gives some expectation of skillful extended-range rainfall forecasts in the region. Here, the extent to which this predictability is realizable in the Climate Forecast System (CFS), version 2, a state-of-the-art coupled global ocean–atmosphere model, is assessed. While there are deficiencies in the forecast climatology likely related to orography and resolution, as well as lead-dependent biases, CFS represents the climatology of the region reasonably well. Forecasts of the areal average of rainfall over Saudi Arabia show that the CFS captures some features of a spring 2013 heavy rainfall event up to 10 days in advance and a transition from dry to wet conditions up to 20 days in advance. Analysis of a 12-yr (1999–2010) reforecast dataset shows that the CFS can skillfully predict the rainfall amount, the number of days exceeding a threshold, and the probability of heavy rainfall occurrence for forecast windows ranging from 1 to 30 days. While the probability forecasts show good discrimination, they are overconfident. Logistic regression based on the ensemble mean value improves forecast skill and reliability. Forecast probabilities have a clear relation with the MJO phase in the wet season, providing a physical basis for the observed forecast skill.
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Chan, Hui Yun. "The Underappreciated Role of Advance Directives: How the Pandemic Revitalises Advance Care Planning Actions." European Journal of Health Law 27, no. 5 (October 8, 2020): 451–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-bja10029.
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Abstract Covid-19 continues to alter our way of living and dying. Much attention has focused on how to resolve pressing issues surrounding resource allocation and competing public health ethics. While these are important discussions, the legal and ethical dilemmas of treatment decisions remain highly critical. The urgency to ensure that life and death affairs are in order is magnified due to the possibility of becoming infected with Covid-19. However, many people continue to face challenges in organising their future medical care and treatment. This article explores how the pandemic affects advance care planning through the lenses of law and ethics. The range of Covid-19 implications on advance care planning demonstrates a paradigm shift from a primarily elective function to an essential role in healthcare delivery. This renewed appreciation to advance care planning offers the opportunity to support and sustain the important role that it could play during ordinary and extraordinary times.
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Dai, Yin, Yifan Gao, and Fayu Liu. "TransMed: Transformers Advance Multi-Modal Medical Image Classification." Diagnostics 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081384.
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Over the past decade, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have shown very competitive performance in medical image analysis tasks, such as disease classification, tumor segmentation, and lesion detection. CNN has great advantages in extracting local features of images. However, due to the locality of convolution operation, it cannot deal with long-range relationships well. Recently, transformers have been applied to computer vision and achieved remarkable success in large-scale datasets. Compared with natural images, multi-modal medical images have explicit and important long-range dependencies, and effective multi-modal fusion strategies can greatly improve the performance of deep models. This prompts us to study transformer-based structures and apply them to multi-modal medical images. Existing transformer-based network architectures require large-scale datasets to achieve better performance. However, medical imaging datasets are relatively small, which makes it difficult to apply pure transformers to medical image analysis. Therefore, we propose TransMed for multi-modal medical image classification. TransMed combines the advantages of CNN and transformer to efficiently extract low-level features of images and establish long-range dependencies between modalities. We evaluated our model on two datasets, parotid gland tumors classification and knee injury classification. Combining our contributions, we achieve an improvement of 10.1% and 1.9% in average accuracy, respectively, outperforming other state-of-the-art CNN-based models. The results of the proposed method are promising and have tremendous potential to be applied to a large number of medical image analysis tasks. To our best knowledge, this is the first work to apply transformers to multi-modal medical image classification.
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Rowan, Ann V. "The ‘Little Ice Age’ in the Himalaya: A review of glacier advance driven by Northern Hemisphere temperature change." Holocene 27, no. 2 (August 20, 2016): 292–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616658530.
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Northern Hemisphere cooling between 1400 and 1900 in the Common Era (CE) resulted in the expansion of glaciers during a period known as the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA). Early investigation of recent advances of Himalayan glaciers assumed that these events were synchronous with LIA advances identified in Europe, based on the appearance and position of moraines and without numerical age control. However, applications of Quaternary dating techniques such as terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating have allowed researchers to determine numerical ages for these young moraines and clarify when glacial maxima occurred. This paper reviews geochronological evidence for the last advance of glaciers in the Himalaya. The 66 ages younger than 2000 years (0–2000 CE) calculated from 138 samples collected from glacial landforms demonstrate that peak moraine building occurred between 1300 and 1600 CE, slightly earlier than the coldest period of Northern Hemisphere air temperatures. The timing of LIA advances varied spatially, likely influenced by variations in topography and meteorology across and along the mountain range. Palaeoclimate proxies indicate cooling air temperatures from 1300 CE leading to a southward shift in the Asian monsoon, increased Westerly winter precipitation and generally wetter conditions across the range around 1400 and 1800 CE. The last advance of glaciers in the Himalaya during a period of variable climate resulted from cold Northern Hemisphere air temperatures and was sustained by increased snowfall as atmospheric circulation reorganised in response to cooling during the LIA.
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Han, Penghua, Cun Zhang, Zhaopeng Ren, Xiang He, and Sheng Jia. "The influence of advance speed on overburden movement characteristics in longwall coal mining: insight from theoretical analysis and physical simulation." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 18, no. 1 (February 2021): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxab005.
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Abstract The advance speed of a longwall face is an essential factor affecting the mining pressure and overburden movement, and an effective approach for choosing a reasonable advance speed to realise coal mine safety and efficient production is needed. To clarify the influence of advance speed on the overburden movement law of a fully mechanised longwall face, a time-space subsidence model of overburden movement is established by the continuous medium analysis method. The movement law of overburden in terms of the advance speed is obtained, and mining stress characteristics at different advance speeds are reasonably explained. The theoretical results of this model are further verified by a physical simulation experiment. The results support the following conclusions. (i) With increasing advance speed of the longwall face, the first (periodic) rupture interval of the main roof and the key stratum increase, while the subsidence of the roof, the fracture angle and the rotation angle of the roof decrease. (ii) With increasing advance speed, the roof displacement range decreases gradually, and the influence range of the advance speed on the roof subsidence is 75 m behind the longwall face. (iii) An increase in the advance speed of the longwall face from 4.89 to 15.23 m/d (daily advancing of the longwall face) results in a 3.28% increase in the impact load caused by the sliding instability of the fractured rock of the main roof and a 5.79% decrease in the additional load caused by the rotation of the main roof, ultimately resulting in a 9.63% increase in the average dynamic load coefficient of the support. The roof subsidence model based on advance speed is proposed to provide theoretical support for rational mining design and mining-pressure-control early warning for a fully mechanised longwall face.
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Heid, M. Kathleen. "Editorial: Reviews That Advance the Community." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 40, no. 4 (July 2009): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.40.4.0354.
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I recently attended a meeting of research journal editors at which we shared some of our practices and procedures. The editors represented a range of educational fields. Impressed by the nature and number of reviews that the JRME editorial office requests and receives, one of the editors of a non-mathematics-education journal offered this explanation: “That's because the mathematics education group is really a community.” Thinking about how good it made me feel to be a member of such a well-regarded community, I reflected on the remarkable work I had seen over the past year and a half from members of our community. During that time, we received 1687 reviews (give or take a few). I continue to be impressed by the careful and insightful reviews that constantly populate the JRME mailbox.
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SHERIDAN, DESMOND. "DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE." International Journal of Innovation Management 11, no. 02 (June 2007): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919607001710.
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The last century has witnessed groundbreaking advances in clinical medicine across the entire diagnostic and therapeutic range, but inequities in access to these advances and innovations continue to be a major challenge to our societies. Innovations are often initiated by "eureka" moments of discovery, but realising their full potential depend on a process of continuous incremental innovation and interaction involving complex networks. When developing systems that reward, encourage, and sustain medical advances, policy makers must recognise four important factors. First, "incremental" and "continuous" innovation is as important as "breakthrough" innovation. Second, investment across the entire innovation process is needed. Third, the ability of physicians to work across a wide range of scientific fields at "the bench and bedside" is critical to continuous innovation. And fourth, final medical advance that can result from an initial discovery may not be obvious and only occur following interaction with experts and innovations in other fields.
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Wolever, Ruth Q., Joel A. Kahn, Jennifer Davis, Denise Shields, and Poppy L. A. Schoenberg. "Introducing the eMCC™: A Validated Taxonomy to Advance Targeted Application of Mindfulness Skills." Mindfulness 11, no. 3 (December 19, 2019): 698–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01280-x.
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Abstract Objective Describe the two-phase validation process for a taxonomy of skills learned through mindfulness practice. Methods Phase I (development) utilized 11 subject matter experts (SMEs) over 5 months. Phase II (judgment) enrolled 60 international SMEs from 116 invited through snowball sampling. They were mostly white (80%) or Asian (15%) women (70%) with longstanding personal mindfulness practices (M = 20 years; SD = 9.6) and extensive mindfulness teaching experience (M = 11 years; SD = 6.7); 59% > 50 years; 88% had graduate degrees. SMEs rated relevance and clarity to calculate Individual Content Validity Indices (I-CVIs) for each category per tier and average CVIs (ave-CVIs) for entire tiers. Participation rate was 52% and 42 SMEs rated secondary tiers. Results I-CVIs ranged from 0.57 to 0.97, suggesting the removal of one category from the primary tier, leaving an ave-CVI for relevance of 0.92 (range 0.73–0.97). Clarity ratings for the primary tier (ave-CVI = 0.75; range of I-CVI = 0.52–0.88) necessitated exploration of the subcategories of Awareness (second tier; N = 42) to refine description (ave-CVI = 0.80 for clarity; range 0.64–0.93) while showing excellent content validity for both relevance and fit (ave-CVI = 0.95; range 0.88–1.0 for both). Conclusions The eMindful Mindfulness Classification Construct™ (eMCC™) is a validated, atheoretical taxonomy of skills learned through mindfulness practice, created to support development of more precise mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) that target skill deficits associated with clinical conditions. Further research will validate subcategories, associate specific practices per category, and assess MBIs designed to target specific skills from the eMCC™.
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Fort, Joaquim, Toni Pujol, and Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza. "Palaeolithic Populations and Waves of Advance." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 14, no. 1 (April 2004): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774304000046.
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The wave-of-advance model has been previously applied to Neolithic human range expansions, yielding good agreement to the speeds inferred from archaeological data. Here, we apply it for the first time to Palaeolithic human expansions by using reproduction and mobility parameters appropriate to hunter-gatherers (instead of the corresponding values for preindustrial farmers). The order of magnitude of the predicted speed is in agreement with that implied by the AMS radiocarbon dating of the lateglacial human recolonization of northern Europe (14.2–12.5 kyr bp). We argue that this makes it implausible for climate change to have limited the speed of the recolonization front. It is pointed out that a similar value for the speed can be tentatively inferred from the archaeological data on the expansion of modern humans into the Levant and Europe (42–36 kyr bp).
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Carrara, Paul E. "Holocene and latest Pleistocene glacial chronology, Glacier National Park, Montana." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-041.
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Moraines of two different age groups have been identified fronting the present-day glaciers and snowfields in Glacier National Park, Montana. The subdued, vegetated moraines of the older group have been found at 25 sites, mainly in the central part of the Lewis Range. These older moraines are in places overlain by the Mazama ash. Although the exact age of the moraines has not been determined by radiocarbon dating, vegetative evidence and correlation with other pre-altithermal age moraines in the Rocky Mountains suggest that these older moraines date from 10 000 BP or earlier. Whether these moraines are the product of a separate advance after the end of the Wisconsin glaciation or are simply the product of the last advance or stillstand of Wisconsin glaciers before final deglaciation is not known.Moraines of the younger group, consisting of fresh bouldery rubble, are common throughout Glacier Park. Tree-ring analyses indicate that some of these younger moraines were deposited by advances that culminated during the mid-19th century. At that time there were more than 150 glaciers in Glacier Park. This episode of mid-19th century climatic cooling resulted in the most extensive glacial advance in this region since the end of the Wisconsin glaciation.Present-day glaciers have shrunk drastically from their mid-19th century positions; more than half the glaciers present during that time no longer exist. Much of this retreat occurred between 1920 and the mid-1940's, corresponding to a period of above-average summer temperatures and below-average annual precipitation in this region. Between 1966 and 1979, several of the larger glaciers in the Mount Jackson area of Glacier Park advanced as much as 100 m.
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Sehitoglu, Huseyin, and Wei Sun. "Modeling of Plane Strain Fatigue Crack Closure." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 113, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2903380.
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Mechanisms and models proposed for plane strain fatigue crack closure are evaluated. A mechanism based on out-of-plane plastic strain component, εzp, in plane strain is shown not to be adequate in explaining closure over a wide range of applied load levels. In the second model, partial relief of compressive stresses in front of the crack tip upon crack advance is forwarded as responsible for crack closure in plane strain. It is argued that this model would hold only if the crack advanced into a compressive stress zone which is highly improbable. A third model based on compressive strain accumulation in the x-direction, εxp, (transverse or crack growth direction) is studied. Material ahead of the crack tip contracts in the transverse direction and this mechanism provides residual material for crack surfaces as the crack advances. Stress-strain history and material displacements as crack advances are presented for plane strain conditions that lend further support to the third model. The results are obtained with a specialized finite element analysis with provisions for crack advance and crack closure. The crack opening load corresponding to relief of compressive residual stresses behind the crack tip is determined for plane stress and plane strain cases under R= − 1, 0 and 0.3 loading. The load at which stresses ahead of the crack tip become tensile, Pt, is also determined for plane stress and plane strain conditions and is found to exceed the crack opening load in all cases. The relevance of this parameter on fatigue crack growth behavior is discussed.
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Vanipraveena, M., S. C. Talekar, and R. M. Kachapur. "Studies on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in sweet corn for green ear yield and yield related traits." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.2/640-645.
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A study was carried out in sweet corn to evaluate seven inbred lines, three checks and 42 experimental hybrids during Kharif 2019. This study revealed a significant difference among the genotypes for traits studied indicating the presence of abundant genetic variability. The phenotypic co-efficient of variation ranged from 4.57 (DFS) to 36.41 (GEWH) while the genotypic co-efficient of variation ranged from 3.72 (DFT) to 25.35 (GEWH). Green ear yield without husk (25.35, 36.41); green fodder weight (22.47, 29.20) and green ear yield (24.63, 33.31) recorded high PCV and GCV values. The traits plant height (0.73), ear girth (0.61) and TLB (0.69) displayed high heritability values and none of the traits showed low heritability. Genetic advance over mean ranged from 5.71 (DFT) to 37.53 (GEY). High genetic advance over mean was observed for the traits green ear weight without husk, and green fodder weight. Moderate heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for the traits green ear weight without husk, green fodder weight and green ear yield. Thus, traits like green ear yield, green ear weight without husk, green fodder weight, ear length and the number of kernels per row should be prioritized while selecting sweet corn genotypes for increased yield as they have a moderate to low range of genotypic co-efficient of variation, phenotypic co-efficient of variation, heritability, and genetic advance over mean.
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Phillips, F. "Glacial chronology of the Sierra Nevada, California, from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 43, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3233.
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During the Last Glacial Maximum the Sierra Nevada in California, USA, supported a mountain glacier/ice cap complex that covered over 20,000 km2. The history of this ice cover can be reconstructed using 14C and cosmogenic-nuclide surface-exposure dating. These show that the glaciers reached their maximum extent for the last glacial cycle between 21 and 18 ka, i.e., during the global Last Glacial Maximum. This is termed the Tioga 3 advance. A slow retreat began at 18 ka and accelerated rapidly at about 17 ka. After retreating an unknown distance, the glaciers began to readvance at about 16.7 ka, reaching the Tioga 4 limit at 16.2 ka. They then rapidly retreated to the crest of the range, probably within 500 to 1000 years. There is no indication of subsequent glacial expansion until the Recess Peak advance between 14.0 and 12.5 ka. Unfortunately, chronological control is not adequate to determine whether this advance was during the early Younger Dryas or slightly preceded it. The equilibrium-line-altitude reduction during the Tioga 3 was about 1200 m, that during the Tioga 4 about 800 m, and during the Recess Peak 100 to 200 m. The Tioga 4 advance coincided with the expansion of nearby pluvial Lake Lahontan to its maximum size. The Sierra Nevada advances correlate well with the glacial chronology of the Alps during the same period, and also with the episodes of melting and advance of the European and Laurentide Ice Sheets. Times of glacial advance in the Sierra Nevada may be connected to the melting history of the ice sheets, and to Heinrich events, by expansion and contraction of sea ice in the southern North Atlantic.
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Lowell, Thomas V., Kevin M. Savage, C. Scott Brockman, and Robert Stuckenrath. "Radiocarbon Analyses from Cincinnati, Ohio, and Their Implications for Glacial Stratigraphic Interpretations." Quaternary Research 34, no. 1 (July 1990): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90068-v.
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AbstractDetailed analysis of a site near Cincinnati, Ohio, shows that 14C ages of samples in a single geologic unit can have a range of several thousand years and ages from different stratigraphic units can overlap. At the Sharonville site, four 14C samples from organic silt below glaciogenic deposits have an inverted chronologic sequence, suggesting contamination, but nevertheless they indicate the silt was deposited before 27,000 yr B.P. A stump cluster in growth position, wood fragments, and moss from the upper surface of the silt may differ by as much as 2300 14C yr. Five ages from the stump cluster constrain the timing of a glacier advance of the Laurentide ice sheet to its southern limit in the Cincinnati area at 19,670 ± 68 yr B.P. Overlying glaciogenic sediments contain transported wood that may be as much as 3200 yr older than the advance. This range of ages points out that, for a given site, several age measurements are required to determine when a glacier advance occurred. Because the measured ages in this study span the entire interval suggested for a twofold sequence of advance, retreat, and readvance of the margin of the Miami sublobe, we suggest a single advance to its terminal position in the Cincinnati area as an alternate hypothesis for testing.
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Ahmed, Adeel, Mehran Mansouri, Indranil M. Joshi, Ann M. Byerley, Steven W. Day, Thomas R. Gaborski, and Vinay V. Abhyankar. "Local extensional flows promote long-range fiber alignment in 3D collagen hydrogels." Biofabrication 14, no. 3 (June 23, 2022): 035019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ac7824.
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Abstract Randomly oriented type I collagen (COL1) fibers in the extracellular matrix are reorganized by biophysical forces into aligned domains extending several millimeters and with varying degrees of fiber alignment. These aligned fibers can transmit traction forces, guide tumor cell migration, facilitate angiogenesis, and influence tissue morphogenesis. To create aligned COL1 domains in microfluidic cell culture models, shear flows have been used to align thin COL1 matrices (<50 µm in height) in a microchannel. However, there has been limited investigation into the role of shear flows in aligning 3D hydrogels (>130 µm). Here, we show that pure shear flows do not induce fiber alignment in 3D atelo COL1 hydrogels, but the simple addition of local extensional flow promotes alignment that is maintained across several millimeters, with a degree of alignment directly related to the extensional strain rate. We further advance experimental capabilities by addressing the practical challenge of accessing a 3D hydrogel formed within a microchannel by introducing a magnetically coupled modular platform that can be released to expose the microengineered hydrogel. We demonstrate the platform’s capability to pattern cells and fabricate multi-layered COL1 matrices using layer-by-layer fabrication and specialized modules. Our approach provides an easy-to-use fabrication method to achieve advanced hydrogel microengineering capabilities that combine fiber alignment with biofabrication capabilities.
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THIRUVENGADATHAN, A., and CVVS RAO. "Long range forecast of the onset of the monsoon." MAUSAM 36, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v36i2.1830.
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A study of the cross-section charts along longitude 75 deg. E from latitude 8 deg. to 55 deg. N for the 200 mb lever and the monthly mean constant pressure charts for all standard levels from 850 to 100 mb for 1he area, equator to Lat. 55 deg. Nand .Long. 20 deg. To 100 deg. E for the months of April and May for two contrasting years, 1971 when the southwest monsoon advanced 7 to 10 days ahead of the normal date over most parts of the country and 1972, when the advance of the monsoon was delayed by 10 to 15 days, shows that a few upper air parameters of pre-monsoon months at 200 mb are useful for forecasting the onset of .the monsoon over the country outside south Peninsula, and northwest India. These parameters are (i) the nature and magnitude of the horizontar shear of the zonal westerlies near Lat. 30 deg. to 35 deg. N, over the longitudinal belt 60 deg. to 100 deg. E, (ii) the presence or absence of a trough near Long. 85 deg. E over northeast India, (iii) wind .anomaly pattern over Pakistan and neighbourhood and (iv) the departure from normal of upper air temperature over the area Lat. 30. deg. to 40 deg, N and Long, 80 deg. to 100 deg. E. The paper also presents the result~ of -ve1'1ficatlon of the utility of the above, parameters in forecasting the onset of the monsoon for the years, 1975 to 1979 and the anomaly pattern for the period, 1.957 to 1974 as well. It has been found that the parameter~ provide reliable indication regarding the onset of monsoon over Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. Some indication can also be drawn for monsoon onset over Gujarat, north Peninsula and east Uttar Pradesh.
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Morse, Janice. "Developing Mid-Range Theories for the Maturation of Nursing Care in Colombia." Aquichan 21, no. 4 (December 3, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2021.21.4.6.
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Nursing theory has evolved since the 1960s, from conceptual models to concept analysis to mid-range theories. Mid-range theories are developed primarily for qualitative research, to target patient problems, to respond to patient needs, to identify interventions and the changing patterns of patient care. These mid-range theories cluster in various patterns to provide valid, coherent, and significant interventions. Examples of programs that have dramatically impacted our understanding of nursing and patient care are presented. Thus, by developing and implementing the findings of mid-range theories, nursing care matures, and the standards advance.
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Waldrop, Deborah P., Patricia Denny, Sandra Lauer, Kathleen Grimm, Phyllis Murawski, and Mandip Panesar. "GOALS OF CARE IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE: THE INFLUENCE OF AGE AND MULTIMORBIDITY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.450.
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Abstract The number of people with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) who need dialysis treatment has increased sharply among adults age 75+. Older adults on dialysis have lower rates of advance care planning and higher treatment intensity, hospitalization and intensive care than people other chronic illnesses. Comprehensive care of older adults with ESRD includes advance care planning that addresses goals of care and not just specific medical treatments. The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of symptom burden and advance care planning in dialysis patients. The study design was exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected during in-person chairside interviews with people having dialysis treatments. Categorical questions focused on demographics and advance directives. The Dialysis Symptom Inventory was used to measure symptom burden. Open-ended questions addressed the trajectory of illness and goals of care. Thirty-five interviews were conducted. Participants’ Mage=55.8 years (range 27-84); 51 % were >60. A distinctive pattern of difference by age emerged. Participants >60 demonstrated greater multimorbidity and lower symptom burden (MDSI=30.13; Range 11-63) compared with those <60 (MDSI=36.31; Range 3-78). Goals of care also varied with age. Older adults’ goals were: (1) Functional (e.g. to walk better, drive); and (2) Existential (e.g. maintaining, surviving, enjoying). Goals of participants <60 were: (1) Transplantation; and (2) Engagement (e.g. work, school, travel). The results suggest that the illness experience and goals are influenced by age and multimorbidity. Implications: ESRD-specific advance care planning conversations with a focus on goals of care are important.
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Tian, Qing Bo, Jin Shan Dai, Li Na Xu, and Xiu Hui Wang. "Advance of Sintering Methods of High Purity Alumina Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.76.
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The sintering of alumina ceramics with high-purity has gained much attention due to their wide range applications. The improved sinteirng methods, such as the spark plasma sintering, super-high pressure sintering, two-step sintering, and so on, have advantages on the decreasing the sinteirng temperature or inhibiting the grain coarsening, compared with the conventional sintering.