Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Range advance'
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1
Zimmerli, Dana W., and Steve Elston. "ADVANCED RANGE DATA LINK." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615736.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1985 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaThis paper describes the design and performance of a flexible data link system for test and training range communications. To support a wide variety of range applications, this data link provides variable length messages, participant store-and-forward relays, remote data stations, three modes of operation - TDMA, polled, and carrier sense, and a transmitreceive range of more than 80 miles. The data link is adaptable to different message rates and sizes to support different types of missions. For example, a high dynamics aircraft mission can be supported by two-way 400 bit messages from 25 aircraft 10 times per second; a tactical armor mission can be supported by two-way 200 bit messages from 500 participants once per second. The data link is designed with packet radio and pseudonoise spread spectrum techniques to combat common range communication problems such as multipath fading, host vehicle obscuration, coexistence, interference, and vehicle dynamics. Data link performance is presented to show the flexibility and adaptability to various range communication requirements.
2
Luten, Robert H., and Vernon Diekmann. "ADVANCED RANGE TELEMETRY DYNAMIC MEASUREMENT LISTS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608747.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaA typical telemetry system for aircraft flight-testing transmits one or several data streams to the ground for real-time display and analysis, and also records the same stream onboard for later playback. During test operations, only a fraction of the available data is used at any given time for real-time display or analysis. More efficient use of the RF channel could be realized if only the data needed for the current test point is transmitted, rather than the entirety of the data. Intelligent selection of a subset of the data stream can provide large reductions in the required telemetry downlink bandwidth. As one of the Advanced Range Telemetry (ARTM) On-Board Data Management (OBDM) initiatives, a prototype on-board data selection subsystem is being developed and demonstrated. The demonstration utilizes COTS telemetry workstations to the maximum extent possible and includes “plug-in” data requestor, selection, and server components to implement the added DML functionality. A significant objective of the OBDM/DML project will be to validate RF channel models to help minimize the amount of flight-testing necessary to validate the DML concept. This paper will discuss the OBDM/DML architecture, integration of several custom components with the COTS portions of the ARTM “test bench”, and the current status of the OBDM/DML development and test program.
3
Williams, Steve. "Advanced Test Range Verification at RF Without Flights." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605960.
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ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaFlight and weapons test ranges typically include multiple Telemetry Sites (TM Sites) that receive telemetry from platforms being flown on the range. Received telemetry is processed and forwarded by them to a Range Control Center (RCC) which is responsible for flight safety, and for delivering captured best source telemetry to those responsible for the platform being flown. When range equipment or operations are impaired in their ability to receive telemetry or process it correctly, expensive and/or one-of-a-kind platforms may have to be destroyed in flight to maintain safety margins, resulting in substantial monetary loss, valuable data loss, schedule disruption and potential safety concerns. Less severe telemetry disruptions can also result in missing or garbled telemetry data, negatively impacting platform test, analysis and design modification cycles. This paper provides a high level overview of a physics-compliant Range Test System (RTS) built upon Radio Frequency (RF) Channel Simulator technology. The system is useful in verifying range operation with most range equipment configured to function as in an actual mission. The system generates RF signals with appropriate RF link effects associated with range and range rate between the flight platform and multiple telemetry tracking stations. It also emulates flight and RF characteristics of the platform, to include signal parameters, antenna modeling, body shielding and accurate flight parameters. The system is useful for hardware, software, firmware and process testing, regression testing, and fault detection test, as well as range customer assurance, and range personnel training against nominal and worst-case conditions.
4
Ren, Ximing. "Advanced photon counting techniques for long-range depth imaging." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2980.
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The Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting (TCSPC) technique has emerged as a candidate approach for Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and active depth imaging applications. The work of this Thesis concentrates on the development and investigation of functional TCSPC-based long-range scanning time-of-flight (TOF) depth imaging systems. Although these systems have several different configurations and functions, all can facilitate depth profiling of remote targets at low light levels and with good surface-to-surface depth resolution. Firstly, a Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (SNSPD) and an InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) module were employed for developing kilometre-range TOF depth imaging systems at wavelengths of ~1550 nm. Secondly, a TOF depth imaging system at a wavelength of 817 nm that incorporated a Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) 32×32 Si-SPAD detector array was developed. This system was used with structured illumination to examine the potential for covert, eye-safe and high-speed depth imaging. In order to improve the light coupling efficiency onto the detectors, the arrayed CMOS Si-SPAD detector chips were integrated with microlens arrays using flip-chip bonding technology. This approach led to the improvement in the fill factor by up to a factor of 15. Thirdly, a multispectral TCSPC-based full-waveform LiDAR system was developed using a tunable broadband pulsed supercontinuum laser source which can provide simultaneous multispectral illumination, at wavelengths of 531, 570, 670 and ~780 nm. The investigated multispectral reflectance data on a tree was used to provide the determination of physiological parameters as a function of the tree depth profile relating to biomass and foliage photosynthetic efficiency. Fourthly, depth images were estimated using spatial correlation techniques in order to reduce the aggregate number of photon required for depth reconstruction with low error. A depth imaging system was characterised and re-configured to reduce the effects of scintillation due to atmospheric turbulence. In addition, depth images were analysed in terms of spatial and depth resolution.
5
Briggs, James R. "Advanced Range Telemetry (ARTM) Systems Integration at Edwards AFB." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606789.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper describes the integration effort of ARTM systems into the existing telemetry infrastructure at the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) at Edwards AFB, California. This paper will also discuss the framework of the ARTM integration effort, which includes defining user requirements, integration approach, management approach, procurement, test and evaluation, and coordination with the ARTM Joint Program Office (JPO). Interoperability with existing equipment and with other ranges will also be discussed. ARTM is a Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) under the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Undersecretary for Acquisition and Technology whose purpose is to improve the efficiency of spectrum usage. As the ARTM program approaches completion, integration efforts are underway to take advantage of the capabilities developed by the ARTM program. This integration effort brings the Test and Evaluation (T&E) community at Edwards AFB a step closer to realizing solutions to a variety of telemetering challenges including the shrinking frequency spectrum, demand for higher data rates, and the need to maintain the current level of commonality and interoperability between Major Range and Test Facility Bases (MRTFB).
6
Ye, Zhong, Edgar H. Satorius, Thomas C. Jedrey, and Kip Temple. "Enhancement of Advanced Range Telemetry (ARTM) Channels via Blind Equalization." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607696.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe Joint Services Advanced Range Telemetry (ARTM) Program at Edwards Air Force Base has been evaluating FQPSK-B for possible upgrades to the existing telemetry equipment. It has been found in the wideband channel sounding experiments sponsored by ARTM that the in-flight fading channel can be modeled as a 3-ray multipath channel[1]. Delay spread for a typical in-flight channel is in the order of 300 nanoseconds. Furthermore, the pre-flight channel is characterized by much more severe multipath, in which the delay spread is in the order of microseconds covering one or more symbols when the FQPSK-B transceiver operates at a rate of millions of symbols per second. This adverse channel condition inevitably causes tremendous distortion in the received signals due to severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) from the multipath. This paper provides an assessment of the potential ability of blind equalization to reduce the FQPSK-B system susceptibility to degradation caused by dynamic frequency selective fading in the aeronautical telemetry environment. In particular, a blind equalizer applique that can be inserted prior to the demodulator without knowledge of the received signal such as carrier frequency, symbol timing and sequence, etc, is proposed. Since it is desired that the equalizer applique operate independently of the carrier frequency and given that the modulation of interest is constant envelope (PCM-FM or FQPSKB), we have selected the constant modulus algorithm (CMA)[2] cost function for implementation. Extensive tests on both simulated and recorded FQPSK-B data transmitted over different ARTM channels have been conducted and the blind equalizer structure has shown substantial improvements, even on the difficult ARTM pre-flight channels. The CMA adapts the equalizer coefficients to minimize the deviation of the output envelope from an arbitrary constant level. This paper depicts the pre-flight and in-flight channel conditions using time and spectral domain measurement. It quantifies the benefit of the blind CMA tapped delay line equalizer. Due to the extensive signal processing requirements associated with the very high sampling rate (100 MHz) of the FQPSK-B system, hardware implementation complexity is very high. Complexity reduction issues regarding the implementation of the CMA using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) will also be presented.
7
Sharp, Phillip D. "ADVANCED TELEMETRY TRACKING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AT WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613057.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / November 04-07, 1991 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaEarly in the 1980s White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) began studying the problem of updating the Telemetry Tracking Systems (TTS) used to support test range missions. The information and equipment available at that time indicated that very little technology advancement had occurred in the area of TTS. Because the TTS usually have a long service life, it was imperative that the new or updated systems be as good as the state-of-the-art in todays technology could produce. Because of the lack of technology advancements, it was evident that drastic measures would be required to achieve the objectives of the update effort. These findings resulted in a program called the Advanced Telemetry Tracking System Integration and Development (ATTSID). Its objective was to determine if it was possible to apply advanced computer technology to the solution of servosystem problems characteristic in most TTS. This paper and three related papers, The Advanced Telemetry Tracking Servosystem; An Automated Testing System for a Telemetry Tracking System; and The Microcomputer-based Digital Controller for the Advanced Telemetry Tracking System; document the objectives, design considerations, fabrication and evaluation of a prototype TTS. It utilizes a dedicated computer system to control, compensate the servo position loop, and provide automated testing of the servo and RF receiving systems. This computer system was installed and evaluated in one of the WSMR Transportable Telemetry Acquisition Systems (TTAS) for evaluation and refinement of the system. The results of this program will determine the evolution of TTS and extend the use of computer technology to providing more reliable and accurate telemetry tracking support of test range operations.
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Pascovici, Daniele Samuel. "Thermo economic and risk analysis for advanced long-range aero engines." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4090.
Full textAbstract:
To conceive and assess engines with minimum global warming impact and
lowest cost of ownership in a variety of emission legislation scenarios,
emissions taxation policies, fiscal and Air Traffic Management environments a
Techno economic and Environmental Risk Assessment (TERA) model is
needed.
In the first part of this thesis an approach is presented to estimate the cost of
maintenance and the direct operating costs of turbofan engines of equivalent
thrust rating, both for long and short range applications. The three advanced
types of turbofan engines analysed here are a direct drive three spool with
ultra high bypass ratio, a geared turbofan with the same fan as the direct drive
engine and a turbofan with counter rotating fans. The baseline engines are a
three spool for long range (Trent 772b) and a two spool (CFM56-7b) for short
range applications. The comparison with baseline engines shows the gains
and losses of these novel cycle engines.
The economic model is composed of three modules: a lifing module, an
economic module and a risk module.
The lifing module estimates the life of the high pressure turbine disk and
blades through the analysis of creep and fatigue over a full working cycle of
the engine. These two phenomena are usually the most limiting factors to the
life of the engine. The output of this module is the amount of hours that the
engine can sustain before its first overhaul (called time between overhauls).
The value of life calculated by the lifing is then taken as the baseline
distribution to calculate the life of other important modules of the engine using
the Weibull approach. The Weibull formulation is applied to the life analysis of
different parts of the engine in order to estimate the cost of maintenance, the
direct operating costs (DOC) and net present cost (NPC) of turbofan engines.
The Weibull distribution is often used in the field of life data analysis due to its
flexibility—it can mimic the behavior of other statistical distributions such as the normal and the exponential. In the present work five Weibull distributions
are used for five important sources of interruption of the working life of the
engine: Combustor, Life Limited Parts (LLP), High Pressure Compressor
(HPC), General breakdowns and High Pressure Turbine (HPT). The Weibull
analysis done in this work shows the impact of the breakdown of different
parts of the engine on the NPC and DOC, the importance that each module of
the engine has in its life, and how the application of the Weibull theory can
help us in the risk assessment of future aero engines.
Then the lower of the values of life of all the distributions is taken as time
between overhaul (TBO), and used into the economic module calculations.
The economic module uses the time between overhaul together with the cost
of labour and the cost of the engine (needed to determine the cost of spare
parts) to estimate the cost of maintenance of the engine. The direct operating
costs (DOC) of the engine are derived as a function of maintenance cost with
the cost of taxes on emissions and noise, the cost of fuel, the cost of
insurance and the cost of interests paid on the total investment. The DOC of
the aircraft include also the cost of cabin and flight crew and the cost of
landing, navigational and ground handling fees. With knowledge of the DOC
the net present cost (NPC) for both the engine and the aircraft can be
estimated over an operational period of about 30 years.
The risk model uses the Monte Carlo method with a Gaussian distribution to
study the impact of the variations in some parameters on the NPC. Some of
the parameters considered in the risk scenarios are fuel price, interest
percentage on total investment, inflation, downtime, maintenance labour cost
and factors used in the emission and noise taxes. The risk analyses the
influence of these variables for ten thousands scenarios and then a
cumulative frequency curve is built by the model to understand the frequency
of the most probable scenarios.
After the conclusion of the analysis of the VITAL engines as they were
specified by the Original Engine Manufacturer (OEM) (Roll – Royce, Snecma
and MTU), an optimisation work was done in order to try to improve the engines. The optimisation was done using two numerical gradient based
techniques Firstly the Sequential Quadratic Programming – NLPQL and
secondly the Mixed Integer Optimization – MOST; the objectives of the
optimisation were two: minimum fuel burn and minimum direct operating
costs. Because the engines were already optimized for minimum fuel burn,
the optimization for minimum fuel burn didn’t show any meaningful results;
instead the results for minimum DOC showed that the engines can have some
improvements.
The ability of the three VITAL configurations to meet the future goals of the
European Union to reduce noise and gaseous emission has been assessed
and has showed that the three engines cannot fully comply with future
legislation beyond 2020.
In the second part of this thesis three further advanced configurations have
been studied to determine whether these are potential solutions to meet the
ACARE goals of 2020.
For these more advanced aero engines only a performance and gaseous
emissions analysis has been done, because it was no possible to do an
economic analysis for the new components of these engines. These
advanced configurations feature components that have been studied only in
laboratories, like the heat exchangers for the ICR, the wave rotor and the
constant volume combustor, and for these it has not been done a lifing
analysis that is fundamental in order to understand the costs of maintenance,
besides in order to do a proper direct operating costs analysis many
operational flight hours are needed and none of these engine have reached
TRL of 7 and more which is the stage where flight hour tests are conducted.
In this thesis a parametric study on three different novel cycles which could be
applied to aircraft propulsion is presented:
1. Intercooled recuperative,
2. wave rotor and
3. Constant volume combustion cycle.
These three cycles have been applied to a characteristic next generation long
range aero engine (geared turbofan) looking for a possible future evolution
and searching for benefits on specific thrust fuel consumption and emissions.
The parametric study has been applied to Top of Climb conditions, the design
point, at Mach number 0.82, ISA deviation of 10 degrees and an altitude of
10686 m and at cruise condition, considering two possible designs:
a) Design for constant specific thrust and
b) Design for constant TET or the current technology level
Both values correspond to the baseline engine. For the intercooled engine
also a weight and drag impact on fuel consumption has been done, in order to
understand the impact of weight increase on the benefits of the configuration,
considering different values of the effectiveness of the heat exchangers, the
higher the values the greater is the technical challenge of the engine.
After studying the CVC and Wave rotor separately it has been decided to do a
parametric study of an aero engine that comprises both configurations: the
internal combustion wave rotor (ICWR). The ICWR is a highly unsteady
device, but offers significant advantages when combined with gas turbines.
Since it is a constant volume combustion device there is a pressure raise
during combustion, this will result in having lower SFC and higher thermal
efficiency. It is an advanced and quite futuristic, with a technology readiness
level (TRL) of 6 or higher only by 2025, so only a preliminary performance
study is done, leaving to future studies the task of a more improved analysis.
9
Temple, Kip. "ADVANCED RANGE TELEMETRY (ARTM) TIER I COMPATIBLE DEMODULATOR TESTING AND RESULTS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606309.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 21, 2002 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThe Nova HYPERMOD demodulator operates in three modes, the classic pulse-code modulation/frequency modulation (PCM/FM), sometimes known as continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) mode, shaped offset quadrature phase shift keying (SOQPSK) mode, and continuous phase modulation (CPM) mode. Of interest to this paper is SOQPSK mode which is a waveform similar to the Advanced Range Telemetry (ARTM) Tier I waveform, Feher’s Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, B version (FQPSK-B) revision (Rev) A1. Also considered is another variant, FQPSK-JR. This paper will outline the cross compatibility and resynchronization speed of these waveforms based upon ARTM-adopted demodulator performance tests. The results of these laboratory tests comparing the HYPERMOD demodulator, the enhanced Tier I demodulator, and the current Tier I reference demodulator, both from RF Networks, will be presented.
10
Chalfant, Timothy A., Erwin H. Straehley, and Earl R. Switzer. "Advanced Range Telemetry (ARTM): Preparing for a New Generation of Telemetry." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611428.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaAt open air test and training ranges, telemetry is beset by two opposing forces. One is the inexorable demand to deliver more information to users who must make decisions in ever shorter time frames. The other is the reduced availability of radio frequency spectrum, driven by its increased economic value to society as a whole. ARTM is planned to assure that test and training programs of the next several decades can meet their data quantity and quality objectives in the faces of these challenges. ARTM expects to improve the efficiency of spectrum usage by changing historical methods of acquiring telemetry data and transmitting it from systems under test to range customers. The program is initiating advances in coding, compression, data channel assignment, and modulation. Due to the strong interactions of these four dimensions, the effort is integrated in a single focused program. In that these are problems which are common throughout the test and training community, ARTM is a tri-service program embodying the DoD's Common Test and Training Range Architecture and Reliance principles in its management and organization. This paper will discuss the driving forces, the initial study areas, the organizational structure, and the program goals.
11
Plecity, Mark S. "AIRBORNE TELEMETRY AND THE ADVANCED MEDIUM RANGE AIR-TO-AIR MISSILE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615399.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 13-16, 1986 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaThe Advanced Range Instrumentation Aircraft (ARIA) is an airborne platform to receive, record, process and retransmit telemetry data. This paper presents a summary of ARIA’s capabilities with emphasis on airborne testing of the Advanced Medium Range Air to Air Missile (AMRAAM) program. The unique test scenarios, as well as current and future telemetry requirements of the AMRAAM test program are discussed.
12
Leatham, Robert L. "Space-Time Coding for the Advanced Range Telemetry Continuous Phase Modulation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8413.
Full textAbstract:
Aeronautical telemetry systems that transmit the same signal through multiple antennas from the flight vehicle suffer from severe link dropouts when the signals destructively interfere one with another at receiver. The underlying issue is a transmit array with element spacing far greater than the wavelength producing a transmit antenna pattern with significant and deep nulls. Recently, space-time coding techniques have been proven to resolve the issue for systems using linear modulations and shaped-offset quadrature shift keying (SOQPSK) modulation, a non-linear continuous phase modulation (CPM). This thesis examines application of space-time coding techniques to resolve the self-interference issue for another CPM modulation, the advanced range telemetry (ARTM) CPM. It is shown in this thesis among the two branches of space-time coding, space-time block coding (STBC) and space-time trellis coding (STTC), only the latter offers a solution for a full rate, low complexity, no hardware modification implementation. Various candidate STTCs are identified via simulation using the pair-wise error probability as a performance metric. One STTC is identified with trivial implementation costs and an error performance that is a function of code length.
13
Nyembe, Wiseman Nkosingiphile. "Load balancing using cell range expansion in LTE advanced heterogeneous networks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20338.
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The use of heterogeneous networks is on the increase, fueled by consumer demand for more data. The main objective of heterogeneous networks is to increase capacity. They offer solutions for efficient use of spectrum, load balancing and improvement of cell edge coverage amongst others. However, these solutions have inherent challenges such as inter-cell interference and poor mobility management. In heterogeneous networks there is transmit power disparity between macro cell and pico cell tiers, which causes load imbalance between the tiers. Due to the conventional user-cell association strategy, whereby users associate to a base station with the strongest received signal strength, few users associate to small cells compared to macro cells. To counter the effects of transmit power disparity, cell range expansion is used instead of the conventional strategy. The focus of our work is on load balancing using cell range expansion (CRE) and network utility optimization techniques to ensure fair sharing of load in a macro and pico cell LTE Advanced heterogeneous network. The aim is to investigate how to use an adaptive cell range expansion bias to optimize Pico cell coverage for load balancing. Reviewed literature points out several approaches to solve the load balancing problem in heterogeneous networks, which include, cell range expansion and utility function optimization. Then, we use cell range expansion, and logarithmic utility functions to design a load balancing algorithm. In the algorithm, user and base station associations are optimized by adapting CRE bias to pico base station load status. A price update mechanism based on a suboptimal solution of a network utility optimization problem is used to adapt the CRE bias. The price is derived from the load status of each pico base station. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated by means of an LTE MATLAB toolbox. Simulations were conducted according to 3GPP and ITU guidelines for modelling heterogeneous networks and propagation environment respectively. Compared to a static CRE configuration, the algorithm achieved more fairness in load distribution. Further, it achieved a better trade-off between cell edge and cell centre user throughputs. [Please note: this thesis file has been deferred until December 2016]
14
Briggs, James R. "Advanced Range Telemetry (ARTM) Systems Integration at the Air Force Flight Test Center." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606480.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe aeronautical telemetry frequency spectrum is continually shrinking. More and more government frequencies are being sold to telecommunications companies. To make matters worse, more complicated weapons systems are spurring the demand for higher data rates. The telemetry infrastructure is struggling to meet these demands as the equipment continues to age and is, in some cases, no longer supported by the manufacturer. The loss of portions of the aeronautical frequency spectrum has had significant effects at Edwards. Increasing scheduling conflicts and mission cancellations are rapidly becoming a fact of life. This paper describes the scope of the Advanced Range Telemetry Integration and Support (ARTM I&S) program as it begins to integrate ARTM-developed products into the existing telemetry infrastructure at the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC). This paper will discuss the infrastructure upgrades required in order to continue supporting test and evaluation missions. Numerous challenges will be addressed including the shrinking aeronautical frequency spectrum, aging telemetry infrastructure, and the demand for higher data rates. Possible solutions will be discussed to address the growing spectrum encroachment issue.
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Geoghegan, Mark. "DESCRIPTION AND PERFORMANCE RESULTS FOR THE ADVANCED RANGE TELEMETRY (ARTM) TIER II WAVEFORM." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606485.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThe Advanced Range Telemetry (ARTM) program is a tri-service telemetry modernization project whose goal is to assure that all Department of Defense (DoD) test and training ranges are able to use telemetry as necessary to carry out their respective missions. Multi-h Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) has been selected by the ARTM JPO as the Tier II ARTM waveform, because it offers significant improvements over both legacy telemetry waveforms (PCM/FM) and the newly-introduced Tier I waveform (Feher-patented FQPSK) in terms of spectral containment and detection efficiency, while retaining a constant envelope characteristic. The paper describes the theoretical and measured performance of the ARTM Tier II multi-h CPM waveform, and the implementation of the trellis demodulator being developed for it.
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Heine, Jan T. "Glacier advances at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition near Mount Rainier volcano, Cascade Range, USA /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6748.
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Jemielita, Richard Alfred. "Geochemistry and stable isotope study of porphyry-related mineralisation, central Front Range, Colorado, U.S.A." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU004472.
Full textAbstract:
The central part of the Front Range mineral belt, Colorado, is a Precambrian crystalline basement terrain intruded by early Tertiary porphyries and closely associated mesothermal ore deposits. The ore deposits are gold- and silver-bearing base metal sulphide-quartz veins arranged in more or less well developed concentric mineral zones centred on concealed porphyry plutons. Central areas of pyritic mineralisation are surrounded by peripheral zone of galena-sphalerite-bearing veins, often separated by a transitional zone of composite mineralisation. Molybdenite-bearing and uraninite-bearing veins are locally abundant proximal to the central pyritic zones and are closely associated spatially and temporally with highly evolved quartz bostonite intrusions. The mineral veins are enveloped in narrow selvages of sericitized and argillized wallrock and are entirely fracture controlled. A low density lithogeochemical survey of the country rocks revealed strong lithological controls on the distributions of selected trace elements and radiation emission values. Positive Rb/Sr anomalies are tentatively linked to concealed intrusions, and corresponding positive anomalies of Pb, Zn, Mo and W are associated with known molybdenite mineralisation. Sericitized rocks are characterised by low Sr and enhanced Rb, Zn, Pb, Mo and Ag values, and areas of depleted country rock Sr values may be related to vein wallrock alteration. D/H and 18 O/16 O signatures of fresh country rocks indicate variable magmatic water overprinting and similar analyses of sericitised rocks show that alteration was accomplished by magmatic hydrothermal fluids at 340o -515o C. Mineralisation and alteration in the area were caused by hydrothermal fluids evolved from highly differentiated Laramide quartz bostonite intrusions. K-Ar ages of ca. 62 Ma have been obtained from alteration sericites from the peripheral mineral zone. Similar studies in the central pyritic zone have yielded ages of ca. 59 Ma suggesting the existence of long lived hydrothermal activity in the area characterised by widespread high-temperature alteration, followed by thermal decay and collapse towards core zones. The ore deposits investigated during this study display numerous features in common with porphyry-style and other intrusive-related mineralisation characteristic of Cordilleran terrains, but also exhibit significant differences. The combination of these features contribute to the distinct and possibly unique character of these mineral deposits.
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Meghnani, Varsha. "Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) in Melanoma Progression." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/24782.
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Grens, Curtis Morrow. "Operating voltage constraints and dynamic range in advanced silicon-germanium HBTs for high-frequency transceivers." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29622.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Cressler, John; Committee Member: Gerhardt, Rosario; Committee Member: Ingram, Mary Ann; Committee Member: Papapolymerou, John; Committee Member: Shen, Shyh-Chiang. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Kadasah, Sultan Ftayes Saeed. "The Biology of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) in Cancer." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31754.
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Overexpression of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) has been implicated in multiple diseases, including several types of cancer. In different types of cancer, RAGE has been shown to promote cell survival by either autophagy or activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Based on what is known about RAGE, we hypothesized that the RAGE/ligand interaction at the cell surface promotes pancreatic cancer and melanoma cell survival by both pathways, autophagy and NF-κB activation.
To study the role of RAGE in pancreatic cancer resistance to chemotherapy, BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, and RAGE overexpressing PANC-1 FLR2 cell-lines were used. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed upon gemcitabine treatment with further significant reduction in cell viability upon combination of gemcitabine with the RAGE inhibitor IgG 2A11. In our studies we showed that RAGE plays a central role in pancreatic cancer cell resistance to gemcitabine by increasing autophagy.
To test the importance of RAGE localization in mediating drug resistance, three melanoma cell-lines (WM115, WM266, and SK-MEL2) with their daughters, RAGE overexpressing cells (WM115-RAGE, WM266-RAGE, and SK-MEL2-RAGE) were used. Wild type cell-lines only expressed RAGE intracellularly while RAGE overexpressing cells expressed RAGE both at the cell surface and inside cells. We show in this study that only the cell surface RAGE is involved in melanoma resistance to dacarbazine.
We next tested the effects of RAGE/RAGE ligand interaction at the cell surface in pancreatic tumor growth. We used two carcinoma cell-lines, PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2, for this purpose. Both cell-lines were transiently transfected with a NF-κB/Luciferase reporter plasmid to test the effects of the interaction between RAGE and its ligands on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. We observed higher NF-κB activity upon treatment with RAGE ligands (AGE, S100P, and S100A8/A9) compared to non-treated cells. Higher activity of NF-κB was coupled with a higher expression of cyclin D1 and lower expression of p53, NF-κB target genes.Cobre grant "P20GM109024"
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Indurthi, Venkata. "Interactions of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (Rage) with Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and S100B." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25817.
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RAGE is a multi-ligand pattern recognition receptor. RAGE can bind several damage associated molecular pattern proteins. RAGE- ligand interaction is pathophysiologically relevant to several major diseases including diabetes and certain cancers. RAGE inhibition has been reported to reduce morbidity in these disease states. However, to design better RAGE inhibitors it is necessary to understand the structural basis behind the RAGE-ligand interaction and currently this is not well understood. This thesis focuses on understanding the interaction of RAGE with two of its ligands; AGEs and S100B. AGEs are highly heterogeneous and are formed as a result of non-enzymatic glycation. A panel of AGEs were characterized in terms of their side chain modifications, thermal stability, secondary structure, aggregation and surface charge. These glycation induced changes were then correlated to RAGE binding. Building on these results the role of AGE-RAGE interaction in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration was determined. Ribose modified BSA induced ROS formation, which then triggered NF-?B upregulation via RAGE induced ROS signaling. Ribose BSA increased pancreatic cell proliferation and migration. Anti-RAGE antibodies and RAGE inhibitors prevented AGE induced cellular effects. The role of ribose modified BSA was also determined in macrophage activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Rapid internalization was observed of the ribose-BSA and confocal imaging revealed the internalization of the AGE compound into the lysosomes which lead to the ROS production, NF-?B activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in a RAGE independent signaling mechanism. Finally, the role of tryptophan residues of the V domain in domain stability and S100B binding was determined. We have generated single, double and triple tryptophan mutants of the V domain by site directed mutagenesis. The effect of Trp residues in the domain stability could not elucidated as no change was observed in the secondary structure of the mutants when compared to the wild type suggesting the plasticity of the V-domain. The fluorescence emission and life time properties of each Trp residue was determined. Our binding assays of the Trp Ala mutants indicate tighter binding of the S100B to the mutants. The S100-RAGE peptide structures suggest multi modal interaction of S100B-RAGE interaction.
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Schaeffer, Paul J. "AUTOMATED ACOUSTIC DETECTION AND PROCESSING FOR THE ADVANCED RANGE INSTRUMENTATION AIRCRAFT SONOBUOY MISSILE IMPACT LOCATION SYSTEM." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612914.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / November 04-07, 1991 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaRecent advances in acoustic detection and array processing have led to a new, state of the art, Sonobuoy Missile Impact Location System (SMILS). This system was developed for the 4950th Test Wing by E-Systems and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory to support ballistic missile testing in broad ocean areas. The hardware and software required to perform the SMILS mission were developed in two different areas: 1) The flight system, installed aboard the Advanced Range Instrumentation Aircraft (ARIA), which provides everything necessary to guide the aircraft to the target area of Deep Ocean Transponders (DOTs), deploy sonobuoys, recover signals from the sonobuoys, and to process the recovered signals. The sonobuoy positions and impact locations of reentry vehicles are determined aboard the aircraft in real-time by telemetering the acoustic signals sent from the sonobuoys via Radio Frequency (RF) link to the aircraft. These acoustic signals are also recorded on analog tape in the aircraft. 2) The Post Mission Analysis System (PMAS), located at the 4950th Test Wing, processes the analog tapes recorded by the aircraft to do more sophisticated Processing than that performed on the aircraft, providing higher resolution of impact times and positions. This paper addressees the theory of PMAS operation and the specific approach used to perform automated acoustic detection of both narrow and wide band acoustic signals. It also addressees the processing technique employed to determine sonobuoy navigation and impact scoring.
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Vardaxis, Vassilios. "The mechanical power analysis of the lower limb action during the recovery phase of the sprinting stride for advanced and intermediate sprinters /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61663.
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An, Lili. "The development of advanced creep constitutive equations for high chromium alloy steel (P91) at transition stress range." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/26237/.
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Creep damage is a time-dependent deformation in metals under a constant stress at high temperature condition. Since the 1980s, high chromium alloy steel P91 (9%Cr-1%Mo-0.25%V) is highly demanded in high temperature industries (Saha, 2003). Continuum damage mechanism is becoming a generic life assessment tool to predict the lifetime of materials at creep condition. The consitutive equations were proposed to predict the lifetime and creep behaviours of materials. The most widely used constitutive equations are simply called Kachanov-Rabotnov-Hayhurst (KRH) in the current research. The lifetime of high chromium alloy steel P91 has been overestimated by the extrapolation method from short-term creep tests (high stress) to long-term creep tests (lower stress). The definition of stress ranges depends on different materials and temperatures. The current researcher classifies the stress ranges into high stress range, transition stress range and low stress range with stress exponent.
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Steare, David H. W. 1975. "Space launch operations and capacity modeling : a system dynamics methodology for advanced analysis of the U.S. eastern range." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82684.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technology and Policy Program, 2000.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-128).
by David H.W. Steare.
S.M.
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Ruhl, Rena Sarah. "Die Rolle des Rezeptors for Advanced Glycation Endproducts RAGE in der chronischen Pankreatitis." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-134726.
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Swami, Priyanka. "Understanding the Role of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (Rage) in Pancreatic Cancer." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29865.
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Expression of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and is upregulated in a several cancers. Based on published studies, we hypothesized that RAGE, when overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells, will promote cell proliferation and migration. To study the role of RAGE in pancreatic cancer, we selected the human pancreatic cancer cell-line PANC-1, and stably transfected the cells with full length RAGE to generate model cell-lines that overexpress RAGE. We obtained two cell-lines PANC-1 FLR2 and PANC-1 FLR3 and examined the influence of RAGE on cellular properties. A significant increase in proliferation but a reduction in migratory abilities of PANC-1 FLR2 and PANC-1 FLR3 cells was observed. The increase in proliferation and reduction in migration was reverted upon knockdown of RAGE in PANC-1 FLR2 cells with siRNA specific for RAGE. The reduction in migration was supported by the reduced levels of vimentin and several integrins in RAGE transfected cells. Furthermore, we observed a downregulation in FAK, AKT, ERK1/2 and NF-κB activity.
Growing evidence supports that RAGE is essential for pancreatic cancer progression. It has also been shown that RAGE facilitates pancreatic tumor cell survival by enhancing autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. The goal of our study was to determine the effect of RAGE inhibition during gemcitabine chemotherapy on the growth of pancreatic tumor. Hence, we investigated the effect of RAGE inhibitors and their combination with gemcitabine in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer using mouse pancreatic cancer cell-line KPC 5508. We used two RAGE inhibitors, an anti-RAGE monoclonal antibody (IgG2A11) and a small molecule RAGE inhibitor (FPS-ZM1). We observed a significant reduction in tumor weights of the mice treated with the combination of IgG2A11 and gemcitabine as compared to gemcitabine alone treated mice. The reduction in tumor growth was accompanied with increase in p62 levels (marker of autophagy) and increase in levels of cleaved PARP (marker of apoptosis). We also observed reduction in HMGB1 and phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 in tumors from the group treated with the combination as compared to the gemcitabine alone treated group.North Dakota State University. College of Health Professions
NIH Grant # P20 GM109024 from the National Institute of General Medicine
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Almeida, Jorge Manuel Soares de. "Active tracking of dynamic multivariate agents using vectorial range data." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16988.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia MecânicaO objeto principal da presente tese é o estudo de sistemas avançados de segurança, no âmbito da segurança automóvel, baseando-se na previsão de movimentos e ações dos agentes externos. Esta tese propõe tratar os agentes como entidades dinâmicas, com motivações e constrangimentos próprios. Apresenta-se, para tal, novas técnicas de seguimento dos referidos agentes levando em linha de conta as suas especificidades. Em decorrência, estuda-se dedicadamente dois tipos de agentes: os veículos automóveis e os peões. Quanto aos veículos automóveis, propõe-se melhorar a capacidade de previsão de movimentos recorrendo a modelos avançados que representam corretamente os constrangimentos presentes nos veículos. Assim, foram desenvolvidos algoritmos avançados de seguimento de agentes com recurso a modelos de movimento não holonómicos. Estes algoritmos fazem uso de dados vectoriais de distância fornecidos por sensores de distância laser. Para os peões, devido à sua complexidade (designadamente a ausência de constrangimentos de movimentos) propõe-se que a análise da sua linguagem corporal permita detetar atempadamente possíveis intenções de movimentos. Assim, foram desenvolvidos algoritmos de perceção de pose de peões adaptados ao campo da segurança automóvel com recurso a uso de dados de distâncias 3D obtidos com uma câmara stereo. De notar que os diversos algoritmos foram testados em experiências realizadas em ambiente real.
The main topic of this thesis is the study of advanced safety systems, in the field of automotive safety, based on the prediction of the movement and actions of external agents. This thesis proposes to treat the agents as dynamic entities with their own motivations as constraints. As so, new target tracking techniques are proposed taking into account the targets’ specificities. Therefore, two different types of agents are dedicatedly studied: automobile vehicles and pedestrians. For the automobile vehicles, a technique to improve motion prediction by the use of advanced motion models is proposed, these models will correctly represent the constrains that exist in this kind of vehicle. With this goal, advanced target tracking algorithms coupled with nonholonomic motion models were developed. These algorithms make use of vectorial range data supplied by laser range sensors. Concerning the pedestrians, due to the problem complexity (mainly due to the lack of any specific motion constraint), it is proposed that the analysis of the pedestrians body language will allow to detected early the pedestrian intentions and movements. As so, pedestrian pose estimation algorithms specially adapted to the field of automotive safety were developed; these algorithms use 3D point cloud data obtained with a stereo camera. The various algorithms were tested in experiments conducted in real conditions.
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Teissier, Thibault. "Implication of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) during inflammation and ageing." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S017.
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Le vieillissement est défini par l’accumulation d’événements menant à une perte d’efficacité des fonctions des organes et à une augmentation de la probabilité de mourir avec le temps. Ce processus touche tout le règne animal et bien que sa vitesse varie largement entre les espèces, modifiant grandement la longévité, ses mécanismes sont quant à eux bien conservés. Chez l’humain, l’espérance de vie a continuellement progressé au cours du siècle dernier, s’accompagnant d’une augmentation de personnes atteintes de maladies liées à l’âge et dépendantes, devenant ainsi un problème majeur de société.La glycation est une réaction non-enzymatique menant à une interaction irréversible entre des composés carbonylés, tels que les sucres, avec des nucléophiles, comme la lysine ou l’arginine, produisant des produits de la glycation avancée (AGE). L’accumulation des AGE avec l’âge dans le corps suggère que ce processus est particulièrement impliqué dans le vieillissement. Cependant, le rôle de la consommation d’AGE alimentaires sur le vieillissement est beaucoup moins connu. Leur digestion implique d’importantes modifications structurelles et ceux-ci ne peuvent qu’avoir des effets indirects. Notre équipe a démontré qu’une consommation prolongée d’un régime enrichi en carboxymethyllysine (CML), un des AGE les plus abondants, induisait un vieillissement vasculaire accéléré chez des souris d’âge moyen. Cependant cet effet était complètement dépendant de l’expression du récepteur aux AGE, RAGE.RAGE est un récepteur multiligand et son activation est principalement définie par une réponse pro-inflammatoire auto-alimentée qui a été impliquée dans des maladies liées ou non à l’âge telles que les complications du diabète, des maladies cardiovasculaires, la maladie d’Alzheimer ou différents cancers. Étant donné le lien entre les AGE et RAGE et leur implication dans le vieillissement, nous émettons l’hypothèse que RAGE tient un rôle important dans le vieillissement physiologique et accéléré par les AGE. De plus, notre équipe a également démontré que la CML alimentaire s’accumulait principalement dans les reins chez la souris. Par conséquent, nous cherchons à déterminer si la CML alimentaire accélère également le vieillissement rénal chez les souris et si la suppression de RAGE empêche cet effet et a un impact sur le vieillissement normal.Des souris sauvages (WT) et RAGE-/- de 2 mois ont été nourries pendant 18 mois avec un régime contrôle ou enrichi en CML (200μg CML/gnourriture). La répartition de la CML a été déterminée par immunohistochimie et en HPLC-MS/MS. Le vieillissement du rein a été évalué en mesurant des marqueurs de sa fonction, de ses lésions, d’amylose ainsi que d’inflammation, d’oxydation et de vieillissement. Enfin, nous avons également évalué la fonction motrice chez de vieilles souris (~22 mois) en utilisant des tests de la locomotion.Bien que la CML s’accumulait dans les reins de souris nourries avec le régime enrichi en CML, celui-ci n’avait que peu d’effets sur les paramètres étudiés alors que les souris ne possédant pas RAGE étaient fortement protégées contre les lésions rénales liées au vieillissement, l’amylose sénile rénale et l’inflammation à bas bruit alors que des voies pro-longévité étaient renforcées. Nous montrons ensuite que certaines fonctions motrices des vieilles souris RAGE-/- pourraient être mieux conservées que chez les vieilles souris WT, supposant une sarcopénie moins important chez les souris RAGE-/-.L’impact conséquent de RAGE sur le vieillissement et sur l’inflammation chronique à bas bruit, associé à ses caractéristiques intrinsèques, suggèrent fortement que RAGE est un récepteur de reconnaissance de motifs moléculaires (PRR) et est une preuve de principe que « l’inflammaging » est un moteur important du vieillissement qui reste néanmoins modulable, génétiquement ou pharmacologiquementAgeing is defined by the accumulation of events leading to a reduction in the efficacy of organ functions and an increased probability of death with time. This process affects all the animal kingdom and while the pace of ageing varies significantly among species, greatly affecting longevity, the mechanisms of ageing itself are widely conserved. In humans, as life expectancy at birth has been steadily increasing for over a century, the amount of people with age-related diseases and dependency has greatly increased and is becoming a major concern.Glycation is a non-enzymatic process leading to the irreversible interaction of carbonyl compounds, such as sugars, with nucleophiles, including lysine or arginine, forming advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This process is thought to be involved in ageing as AGEs accumulate in the body with age. However, the role in ageing of consuming AGEs produced during cooking processes is much less understood. Digestion vastly modifies their structure and they can only have indirect an impact. Our group has shown that the long-term consumption of a diet enriched with carboxymethyllysine (CML), one of the most abundant AGEs, induced an accelerated vascular ageing in middle-aged mice. However, this effect was entirely dependent on the expression of the receptor for AGEs, RAGE.RAGE is a multiligand receptor and its activation is primarily characterised by a self-sustaining pro-inflammatory response which has been implicated in both age-related and age-independent disorders including complications of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s disease or cancers. Given the relationship between AGEs and RAGE and their respective role in ageing or age-related disorders, it was hypothesized that RAGE has an important role in both physiological and AGE-accelerated ageing. In addition, our group has demonstrated that dietary CML mostly accumulates in mice kidneys, which age slower than vessels. Therefore, a key aim of this thesis was to investigate whether dietary CML also induces accelerated kidney ageing in older mice and whether the deletion of RAGE prevents this effect and has an impact on normal ageing.Two-month-old wild-type (WT) and RAGE-/- mice were fed a control or a CML-enriched diet (200μg CML/gfood) for 18 months. CML distribution was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and HPLC-MS/MS. Kidney ageing was assessed by measuring markers of its function, lesions and amyloidosis, as well as of inflammation, oxidation and ageing. In addition, motor function in old (~22 month-old) mice was also assessed using locomotion tests.Firstly, it was demonstrated that although CML accumulated in the kidneys of mice fed the CML-enriched diet, this diet had little effect upon the studied parameters while mice deprived of RAGE were largely protected against age-related renal lesions, renal senile amyloidosis and exhibited decreased inflammation and improved pro-longevity pathways. Thereafter, it was shown that some of old RAGE-/- mice motor functions might be better preserved than in old WT animals, suggesting a reduced sarcopenia in RAGE-/- mice.The significant impact of RAGE on ageing and on low-grade and chronic inflammation, associated with its intrinsic characteristic, strongly suggest that RAGE is a pattern recognition receptor and is a proof of principle that inflammaging is an important motor of ageing which may be modulated through genetic or possibly pharmacologic interventions
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Rösch, Daniela. "Regulation der Expression der Rezeptoren für advanced glycation end products (RAGE) auf humanen Monozyten." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.
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Tadayon, Roya [Verfasser], and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Einsle. "Resolving the ligand-binding to pattern recognition receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)." Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/115012427X/34.
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Ebenstein, Roee A. "Supporting Advanced Queries on Scientific Array Data." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531322027770129.
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Nelson, Michael Bruce. "The Role of Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) and Ceramide in Cardiovascular Disease." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4423.
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Type 2 diabetes and cigarette smoke exposure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The role of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) is already well-established in numerous comorbidities including cardiomyopathy. Given the role of AGEs and their receptor, RAGE, in activating inflammatory pathways, we sought to determine whether ceramides could be a mediator of RAGE-induced altered heart mitochondrial function. Using an in vitro model, we treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes with carboxy-methyl lysine-BSA, followed by mitochondrial respiration assessment. We found that mitochondrial respiration was significantly impaired in AGE-treated cells, but not when co-treated with myriocin, an inhibitor of de novo ceramide biosynthesis. Moreover, we exposed WT and RAGE KO mice to side-stream cigarette smoke and found reduced mitochondrial respiration in the left ventricle myocardium from WT mice, but the RAGE KO mice were protected from this effect. Finally, conditional over-expression of RAGE in the lungs of mice also elicited a robust increase in left ventricular ceramides. Altogether, these findings suggest a RAGE-ceramide axis as an important contributor to cardiomyopathy.
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Wood, Tyler Thomas. "Targeting of Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) Diminishes Acute Secondhand Smoke-Induced Inflammation in Mice." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4220.
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The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) has increasingly been demonstrated to be an important modulator of inflammation in cases of pulmonary disease. Published reports involving tobacco smoke exposure have demonstrated increased expression of RAGE, its participation in pro-inflammatory signaling and its role in irreversible pulmonary remodeling. The current research evaluated for the first time the in vivo effects of short-term tobacco smoke exposure in RAGE null and control mice compared to identical animals exposed to room air only. Quantitative real time PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry revealed elevated RAGE expression in controls after four weeks of exposure and an anticipated absence of RAGE expression in RAGE null mice regardless of smoke exposure. Inflammatory cell behaviors were confirmed by measuring active Ras, NF-κB, and cytokine synthesis and secretion. Furthermore, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was procured from RAGE null and control animals after exposure for the assessment of total protein in order to indirectly measure vascular permeability, inflammatory cells and chemoattractant molecules involved in the inflammatory response. As a general theme, inflammation induced by tobacco smoke exposure was influenced by the availability of RAGE. These data reveal captivating information suggesting a role for RAGE signaling in lungs exposed to tobacco smoke. Furthermore, research may demonstrate RAGE signaling as an important therapeutic target capable of ameliorating cell level inflammation in those coping with exposure.
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Jyoti, Faidat. "Development of New Antibody Based Theranostic Agents Targeting the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Product (Rage)." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26866.
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The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) interacts with several classes of structurally unrelated ligands. The activation of RAGE by its ligands results in the cellular activation of several kinases and transcription factors including mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) resulting in sustained inflammation, which is involved in pathologies such as diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and other diseases associated with chronic inflammation. Current mouse models of human disease have shown that RAGE activity can be efficiently suppressed using either soluble RAGE (sRAGE) or anti-RAGE antibodies as inhibitors. Our goal was to generate new monoclonal antibodies against RAGE that can serve as diagnostic as wells as therapeutic tools in RAGE related pathologies. The chapters in this dissertation are a complete documentation of the development of these anti-RAGE antibodies. Additionally, an introductory review of antibodies, which includes structure and function, types of antibodies and production and basic understanding of RAGE and its ligands, has been provided to facilitate the understanding of the chapters. The first chapter details the development and characterization of anti-RAGE antibodies produced from hybridoma. The next chapter explores the effects of the generated antibodies to mammalian cells in in vitro settings and the final chapter applies the generated antibodies in vivo. During the course of this work, the antibodies developed showed binding to RAGE at nano-molar affinities which are comparable to the affinities of current antibodies used for therapeutic purposes, diagnostic and research purposes. We were also able to delineate that the possible mechanism of action of the antibodies is by preventing binding to RAGE. Lastly, we observed that one of the generated antibodies was able to reduce tumor growth in vivo in a melanoma xenograft mouse model.
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Habel, Florian [Verfasser], and Ferenc [Akademischer Betreuer] Krausz. "Advanced dispersive mirrors for ultrashort laser pulses from the near-UV to the mid-IR spectral range / Florian Habel ; Betreuer: Ferenc Krausz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126968331/34.
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Demling, Nina. "Verstärkung der Zelladhärenz und Induktion des Zell-"Spreading" - eine neue Funktion von RAGE, einem hoch selektiven Differenzierungsmarker humaner Alveolar-Typ 1-Zellen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11947683.
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Winden, Duane Ray. "Characterization of Secondhand Smoke (SHS) and Materno-Fetal Interactions in Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE)-Targeted Mice." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4072.
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Receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are pattern recognition receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily highly expressed in the lung. Likely functions include the modulation of pulmonary inflammation during disease. However, the contributions of RAGE in the developing lung in cases where secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure occurs are unknown. In order to test the hypothesis that RAGE misexpression adversely affects lung morphogenesis, we exposed gestating dams to a controlled dose of SHS during the last four critical days of in utero lung morphogenesis. We discovered that both maternal and fetal lungs respond to SHS by up-regulating RAGE. Exposed fetuses were markedly smaller compared to controls and lungs were compromised in terms of apoptotic status, collagen abundance necessary in the derivation of respiratory compartments, and the expression of MMP-9, a protease known to target extracellular matrix. Interestingly, RAGE knock out animals similarly exposed to SHS were protected, in part, from the same SHS-mediated pulmonary abnormalities. We next generated a conditional transgenic mouse that provided an opportunity to genetically augment distal lung RAGE expression in the absence of SHS exposure. Our RAGE transgenic mice (RAGE TG) were severely hypoplastic and ultrastructural analysis demonstrated weakened basement membranes in RAGE TG animals compared to controls. Specific observations in RAGE TG mice included diminished type IV collagen required for basement membrane derivation, augmented MMP-9 expression, and inhibition of pulmonary vasculature visualized by Pecam-1 staining, a marker of vascular endothelial cells. The further observation that FoxM1, a critical transcriptional regulator of endothelial cell differentiation, was inhibited in RAGE TG mice suggested a novel potential mechanism of impaired vascularization mediated by RAGE. These data provide evidence that RAGE expression must be tightly regulated during lung organogenesis. Furthermore, additional research into the nuances of RAGE signaling during development may shed needed light on the pathobiochemistry of adult lung diseases that potentially have in utero origins.
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Lorenzi, Rodrigo. "Value of RAGE as a circulating biomarker : from sRAGE to anti-sRAGE autoantibodies." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059800.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. The risk of CVDs increases with age, tobacco, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity and kidney dysfunction. The incidence and prevalence of CVDs demands the development of efficient strategies for prevention and treatment, as well as new biomarkers. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is implicated in several metabolic and inflammatory disorders. RAGE activation by its multiple ligands, i.e. advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), S100 proteins and amphoterin (HMGB1) induces pro-inflammatory events upon RAGE engagement. The soluble circulating form of RAGE (sRAGE) has been proposed as a biomarker of vascular risk, disease severity and outcome, especially in individuals with diabetes or kidney dysfunction. However, data is controversial since positive and negative correlations are observed for a same disease. Nevertheless, the importance of the ligand-RAGE axis in pathological processes and the wide range of RAGE-binding molecules (from pro-inflammatory proteins to autoantibodies), appreciates the present study.In this thesis, we first investigated effects of RAGE ligands and the recently described anti-sRAGE autoantibodies on sRAGE quantification. We hypothesized that interactions between sRAGE and these molecules could impair sRAGE quantification. On the second part, we evaluated the value of sRAGE and anti-sRAGE autoantibodies as biomarkers of metabolic improvement after bariatric surgery for morbid obesity. Patients were selected from the established cohort ABOS (Lille). RAGE ligands (Nε-carboxymethyllysine, S100A6, S100A12, S100B, HMGB1 and amyloid beta peptide) bind sRAGE at different sites and could potentially impair its quantification through epitope masking. We tested this hypothesis by incubating these ligands, from physiological to pathological concentrations, with recombinant sRAGE and serum to evaluate their effects on sRAGE quantification. Anti-sRAGE autoantibodies were identified and further purified and their effects on sRAGE measurement evaluated. The presence of ligands or anti-sRAGE autoantibodies did not impair recombinant or serum sRAGE quantification. Obesity is a condition of dyslipidemia, glycemia deregulation and inflammation where RAGE is believed to play an important role. We aimed then to investigate the levels of sRAGE and its autoantibodies according to metabolic improvement in obese subjects submitted to weight loss surgery. Patients were highly selected from a well established cohort (morbidly obese patients eligible for gastric bypass, ABOS, Lille). Patients under statins treatment, with kidney dysfunction or hypertension, factors that could affect sRAGE levels, were excluded. In obese patients, significant higher levels of sRAGE and anti-sRAGE autoantibodies were observed before weight-loss surgery. In parallel to body-mass Index, both sRAGE and anti-sRAGE titers were significantly decreased one year after surgery.We demonstrate that the variations of sRAGE levels among the literature are, most likely, not due to an interaction between RAGE ligands and sRAGE. Other hypothesis like the regulation of sRAGE formation and clearance are further discussed. We have, for the first time demonstrated the presence of anti-sRAGE autoantibodies in obese subjects and that their levels decrease after bariatric surgery. Although our data suggest that morbid obese status leads to an autoimmune reactions against sRAGE. Together, our findings argue against sRAGE as a good biomarker but suggest that anti-sRAGE autoantibodies may have a potential implication to evaluate metabolic risk and autoimmunity associated to RAGE
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Lo, Alexandra Siu Lok, and n/a. "Paradigms of inflammation : interactions between calcium-binding proteins and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)." University of Otago. Department of Physiology, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061016.163427.
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The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The result of RAGE-ligand interactions augments the proinflammatory mechanisms acting in chronic inflammatory diseases. RAGE recognises a wide range of ligands that have no apparent structural similarities. It is unclear what controls this promiscuity of RAGE. The extracellular domain of RAGE has two potential glycosylation sites. It is speculated that N-linked glycosylation may have significant impact on ligand recognition, especially of S100 calcium binding protein ligands. Two objectives of this thesis were to establish whether S100A9 acts as a ligand for RAGE and to investigate whether glycosylation of RAGE has any influence on ligand recognition. These were achieved by generating two forms of RAGE. HEK 293 cells were transfected to express full-length, membrane-bound RAGE or a secreted form comprising the extracellular domain of RAGE. Site-directed mutagenesis of RAGE showed that asparagine at position 25 is the pre-dominant N-linked glycosylation site. The carbohydrate added to asparagine 25 was further modified to a non-sialylated carboxylated N-linked glycan, specifically recognised by monoclonal antibody GB 3.1. Binding studies showed that different RAGE ligands have individual requirements for glycosylation of the receptor. Binding of AGE-modified AGE-BSA or of S100B to RAGE occured independent of N-linked glycosylation of the receptor. RAGE also binds the S100 protein, MRP-14 (S100A9). In contrast to AGE-BSA or S100B, the non-sialylated carboxylated N-glycan expressed on RAGE is crucial for binding to MRP-14. However, RAGE produced in tunicamycin containing medium and thus lacking N-linked glycosylation, shows strong binding to MRP-14. It was concluded that two forms of binding are involved: the first mechanism relies on the non-sialylated carboxylated N-glycan attached to RAGE and acts in a "tethering" fashion. The second mechanism involves a conformational change of RAGE, which results in exposure of a binding site(s) and a more conventional receptor-ligand interaction.
Another objective for this thesis is to study the expression of RAGE and its alternatively spliced variants. PCR analysis has revealed several variants of RAGE that result from alternative splicing mechanisms. The variant proteins are soluble due to a lack of membrane localising sequence. PCR results confirmed the presence of transcripts encoding for spliced variants of RAGE in several tumour cell lines. Among these were transcripts that should encode a soluble form of sRAGE 2. Furthermore, it was shown that sRAGE 2 transcript can be present in forms that contain the ligand-binding V-domain of RAGE or that are N-truncated and lack the V-domain. This is the first report of a soluble, N-truncated sRAGE 2 variant.
The results in this thesis add to our knowledge of RAGE biology. MRP-14 (S100A9) is identified as a new ligand. The control of MRP-14/RAGE interaction relies on N-linked glycosylation of the receptor and further modification of the carbohydrate. "Tethering" or stronger receptor-ligand interactions are suggested as mechanisms for controlling RAGE recognition of multiple ligands. Soluble RAGE variants that lack or contain V-domain binding regions, and hence sites for glycosylation were produced. These have the capacity to compete with membrane-bound receptor for available ligand. The control of the expression of soluble RAGE variants, in concert with the control of various modification to carbohydrate expressed on the receptor, adds a level of complexity to ligand specificity. This may ultimately result in different paradigms of the inflammatory process.
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Alexander, Kristen Lena. "Differential Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) Expression in Preeclampsia, Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Gestational Diabetes." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5463.
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Preeclampsia (PE), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and gestational diabetes (GDM) increase the risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The roles of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) are already well documented concerning inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress. AGEs bind to its receptor, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE), and activate an inflammatory pathway. This pathway alters the efficacy of invasive trophoblast cells and in the placenta and can result in placental dysfunction. We hypothesized that the placental dysfunction found in PE, IUGR, and GDM resulted from an over activation of the RAGE-mediated inflammatory pathway. Using human placental samples, we found that RAGE protein expression via western blotting was increased in PE and decreased in IUGR while GDM remained similar to that of control placentas. We then wanted to determine the efficacy of RAGE activation to alter the invasive nature of invasive cytotrophoblasts cells. We found that the addition of AGEs to SW71 cells decreases invasion through the activation of JNK and ERK cellular signaling pathways. Altogether these findings suggest that RAGE activation in trophoblast cells seems result in insufficient placental pathogenesis causing PE, however the IUGR and GDM samples we obtained did not seem to have resulted from RAGE activation. We also found that RAGE activation can alter the ability of invasive trophoblasts to invade, thus limiting the ability of the placental cells to remodel the maternal spiral arteries. We believe that further research into specific triggers of IUGR (smoking-induced) and un-treated diabetes could result in RAGE stimulated placental insufficiency.
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Robinson, Adam Benjamin. "The Pro-Inflammatory Contributions of Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) in Alveolar Macrophages Following Cigarette Smoke Exposure." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3253.
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Receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are multi-ligand cell surface receptors of the immunoglobin family expressed by epithelium and macrophages. RAGE expression increases following ligand binding and when diverse cells are exposed to a variety of insults including cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The current research sought to characterize the pro-inflammatory contributions of RAGE expressed by alveolar macrophages (AMs) following CSE exposure. Acute exposure of mice to CSE via nasal instillation revealed diminished bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity and fewer AMs in RAGE null mice compared to controls. Primary AMs were obtained from BAL, exposed to CSE in vitro, and RNA, DNA, and protein were analyzed. CSE significantly increased RAGE expression by wild type AMs. Employing ELISAs, wild type AMs exposed to CSE had increased levels of active Ras, a small GTPase that perpetuates pro-inflammatory signaling. Conversely, RAGE null AMs had less Ras activation compared to wild type AMs after exposure to CSE. In RAGE null AMs, assessment of p38 MAPK and NF-κB, important intracellular signaling intermediates induced during an inflammatory response, revealed CSE-induced inflammation occurs at least in part via RAGE signaling. For example, activated p38 was diminished in RAGE null AMs compared to controls and assessment of phosphorylated NF-κB in CSE exposed RAGE null AMs suggest lessened nuclear translocation of NF-κB compared to wild type AMs exposed to CSE. Importantly, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β were detectably decreased and analysis of secreted proteins by ELISA displayed diminished IL-1β in RAGE null AMs exposed to CSE compared to CSE-exposed wild type AMs. These results reveal that primary AMs orchestrate CSE-induced inflammation, at least in part, via RAGE-mediated mechanisms.
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Robbins, James F. (James Franklin). "Critical examination of a complex and critical major acquisition for the Department of Defense : the advanced medium range air-to-air missle (AMRAAM)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12100.
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Chen, Suzi Su-Hsin, and suzi chen@med monash edu au. "Cyclooxygenase Expression in Human Diabetes." RMIT University. Medical Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080206.121439.
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Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate limiting enzyme that catalyses the production of prostanoids, which are crucial to vascular homeostasis. Evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction and inflammation play a role in vascular complications in aging and diabetes. Previous animal studies by our laboratory at RMIT University reported enhanced COX expression with aging in rat aortas, platelets and monocytes. Potentially, alteration in COX expression may result in an imbalanced prostanoid production favoring the synthesis of vasoconstrictors and hence increase the risk of cardiovascular events in the aging population. The regulation of altered COX expression in aging, however, is not clear. It has been suggested that histone hyperacetylation may be an important mechanism that regulates COX levels during the aging process as increased histone acetylation has been shown to occur with aging. Thus, we hypothesized that COX expression is modulated by histone hyperacetylati on. This was investigated by measuring COX expression in histone hyperacetylated cultured endothelial cells. In the case of diabetes, studies have reported that the development of diabetes and its complications is associated with persistent inflammatory activity, evident with increased inflammatory markers in the circulation. COX-mediated pathways may be involved in this inflammatory process in diabetes. Furthermore, the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is accelerated in diabetes. AGEs can bind to receptors for AGEs (RAGE), which has also been suggested to play a role in inflammation in diabetes. We hypothesized that COX- and RAGE-mediated pathways contribute to increased inflammation in diabetes and potentiate the development of diabetic vascular complications. This was investigated by measuring changes in COX-mediated pathways in both rat and human diabetic models. The current thesis reports: 1) in cultured endothelial cells, histone hyperacetylation was associated with increased COX expression; 2) an overall increase in inflammation was observed in diabetes involving COX- and RAGE-mediated pathways. This was supported by increased platelet COX-1 and monocyte COX-2 levels in Zucker rats, increased monocyte COX-2 in human Type 1 diabetes and elevated plasma TXB2 and PGE2 levels in both human Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic subjects. Up-regulation of RAGE expression was further found in platelets and monocytes in both human diabetes types. When treated with NSAIDs, plasma prostanoid levels, COX and RAGE expression were reduced significantly in both platelets and monocytes in human diabetic subjects. 3) It is unclear how COX and RAGE expression was regulated, but histone modifications may be one of the mechanisms. Data from cultured cells indicated that increased COX expression was associated with increased histone acetylation levels induced by TSA. Concurrent increases in histone acetylation and COX-2 levels were also observed in human Type 1 diabetes, but similar findings were not observed in human Type 2 diabetes. In addition, we failed to find an age-dependent increase in monocyte histone H4 acetylation in human Type 2 diabetes despite an age-dependent increase in monocyte COX-2 expression. Thus, whether histone hyperacetylation modulates COX expression and in what conditions require further investigation.
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Uhle, Florian [Verfasser]. "Der Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) und seine Liganden in der systemischen Entzündungsreaktion nach Polytrauma / Florian Uhle." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068874724/34.
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Wimaladasa, G. D. "Some aspects of the chemistry and mineralogy of soil potassium in Sri Lankan acid tea soils and Scottish soils under a range of crops." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU020940.
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The Sri Lankan acid tea soils, collected from six different agro-ecological regions and from the long-term field experiments in St. Coombs, were subjected to a detailed mineralogical investigation with particular reference to the understanding of the chemistry of soil potassium and K fertiliser applications. These extremely weathered soils contained predominantly kaolinite, Al-chlorite, gibbsite and goethite, but K-fixing minerals like smectite and vermiculite were absent. Small quantities of micaceous minerals were only found in the fine and coarse sand fractions of these soils, except in the Hantana soil which contained substantial quantities of micaceous minerals in the clay, silt and sand fractions. The clay and silt fractions of the Scottish soils of the Countesswells and Foudland soil series comprised 60% to 70% of mica and mica-weathered products of interstratified mica/vermiculite and vermiculite/chlorite. The rate of transformation of the micaceous minerals and the concentration of hydroxy-Al 'islands' in the Countesswells soil series increased with decreasing soil pH. The Foudland soil contained more weatherable micaceous minerals, and spring barley, winter wheat, potatoes and ryegrass/clover in a crop rotation field experiment produced optimum crop yields in the absence of K fertilisers, due to the release of substantial amounts of non-exchangeable K. The Countesswells soil was unable to supply sufficient non-exchangeable K for ryegrass/clover growth in order to achieve the same yield as that with K fertiliser. A mixed NH4- and Cl- ion exchange resin method for extraction of soil K was developed, which was capable of estimating the amounts of short-, medium- and long-term K reserves that are available to ryegrass, grown in different soil types covering a wide range of soil pH and K-bearing minerals, without destroying the mineral matrix, but K-bearing minerals in both soils and pure minerals were found to either transform or dissolve progresively as mineralogical changes took place at the soil/root interface. A new perspex cell was constructed to hold a 4mm layer of soil or mineral, for in situ studies of root morphology, and for study of the mineralogical changes in soils or pure K-bearing minerals, due to the uptake of both exchangeable and non-exchangeable K by ryegrass, within a 2mm radius of the root surface. This study showed that there were more total, primary and lateral ryegrass roots growing in a soil of higher K status, compared with one of lower K status. The numbers of dead or decomposed roots were greater in the lower K status soil. Interstratified smectite, mica/vermiculite and vermiculite/chlorite minerals were formed in the soil within a 2mm radius of the root surface, due to K uptake by ryegrass. These mineralogical changes were not observed in the same soil under intensive cropping with ryegrass in the glasshouse in bigger cylindrical pots or after 21 years of continuous growth of ryegrass in the field. Dissolution of the 2:1 layer silicate mineral structure occurred in soils and vermiculite in the perspex cells, due to the production of H3O- ions, particularly where root growth was greatest. This dissolution mechanism may override the diffusion mechanism of K release to plant roots within a 2mm radius of the root surface, and may help explain the wide range of diffusion coefficients of soil K, (10-10 to 10-23)cm2 sec-1, which appear in the literature. The new techniques of extraction of soil K by use of a mixed NH4- and C1- ion exchange resin and of studying root growth in a perspex cell, which were developed in this thesis, merit further investigation.
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Ejdesjö, Andreas. "Teratogenic Predisposition in Diabetic Rat Pregnancy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk cellbiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-178175.
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Pre-gestational diabetes increases the risk of congenital malformation in the offspring and both morbidity and mortality in the diabetic mother and her offspring. During pregnancy, high glucose levels act as a teratogen through several cellular and biochemical pathways and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has a central role in diabetic embryopathy. The aim of this work was to investigate the importance of genetic predisposition for congenital malformations and to study the genes involved in the teratogenic process of diabetic pregnancy. The crossbreeding of two rat strains, with both low and high incidence of diabetes-induced malformations, indicated that strain-specific maternal factors, such as disturbed serum levels of amino acids, triglycerides, and β-hydroxybutyrate, were associated with malformation. In addition, disturbed fetal expression of genes involved in ROS defense and development (Shh, Bmp4, Ret and Gdnf) in mandible and heart, and decreased activity of Gapdh and Aldose Reductase were associated with the teratogenic process, and the trans-generational heredity of the mother determined the type of malformations induced by maternal diabetes. In rat embryos, a diabetic environment in utero changed the expression of genes involved in ROS defense (Nrf2, Gpx1 and Cat), development of mandible and heart (Msx2, Shh, Bmp4, Ret and Gdnf), and neural tube closure and apoptosis (Pax3 and p53). The changes were divergent with tissue-specific alterations of gene expression in developing mandible, heart anlage, and whole embryo. Disruption of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) had a protective effect against diabetic embryopathy in mice, and the blockage of RAGE diminished ROS production in the offspring: this supported oxidative stress being a necessary etiological component in diabetic embryopathy. Maternal metabolic state and genetic susceptibility influence fetal outcome in experimental diabetic pregnancy. Disturbed protection against oxidative stress and tissue-specific derangements in the expression of developmental genes play pivotal roles in the teratogenic mechanism, and enhanced levels of Advanced Glycation End products (AGE) and RAGE-induced oxidative stress are involved in diabetic dysmorphogenesis.
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Wallace, Keith, Tim McCleaf, and Tri Pham. "DIFFERENTIAL GPS ENHANCES TEST CAPABILITIES OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608372.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaA system was developed using capabilities from the Range Applications Joint Program Office (RAJPO) GPS tracking system and the ACMI Interface System (ACINTS) to provide tracking data and visual cues to experimenters. The Mobile Advanced Range Data System (ARDS) Control System (MACS) outputs are used to provide research data in support of advanced project studies. Enhanced from a previous system, the MACS expands system capabilities to allow researchers to locate where Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) is available for incorporation into a reference data base. The System Integration Group at Veda Incorporated has been supporting Wright Laboratories in the ground-based tracking and targeting arena since 1989 with the design, development, and integration of four generations of real-time, telemetry-based tracking aids. Commencing in Q3 1995, Veda began developing a mobile, transportable system based on the RAJPO GPS tracking system. The resulting system architecture takes advantage of the front end processor (FEP) used in the three previous generations of interface systems built for Wright Laboratories, thus maximizing hardware and software reuse. The FEP provides a computational interface between the GPS tracking system and the display (operator) system. The end product is a powerful, flexible, fully mobile testbed supporting RDT&E requirements for Wright Laboratories, as well as to other U.S. and foreign research organizations. The system is rapidly reconfigurable to accommodate ground-based tracking systems as well as GPS-based systems, and its capabilities can be extended to include support for mission planning tools, insertion of virtual participants such as DIS entities, and detailed post-mission analysis.
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Creagh-Brown, Benedict Charles. "The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and its ligands in systemic inflammation following surgery necessitating cardiopulmonary bypass." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7057.
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Surgery necessitating cardiopulmonary bypass (snCPB) is associated with systemic inflammation which can be severe. Systemic inflammation is common in the critically ill, is associated with adverse outcome and currently has no specific therapy. Insight into the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation may lead to therapies. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) may represent a novel target for intervention. RAGE is a ubiquitous multi-ligand receptor that is up-regulated in the presence of its ligands. Initially characterised as a receptor for glycated proteins, it is also binds the S100 proteins and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1); causing pro-inflammatory responses via NF-κB and the MAP kinases. RAGE inhibition has been associated with improved outcomes in animal models of infectious and sterile systemic inflammation. Of the snCPB patients assessed (n=2440) for relationships between age (associated with RAGE up-regulation) with systemic inflammation and clinical outcome, the oldest patients met more SIRS criteria in the first 1h and 24h following snCPB than those aged 40-80 y. This was accompanied by higher scores of organ dysfunction. Also, plasma levels of RAGE ligands and soluble RAGE increased (n=18-120) around surgery with pre-operative levels correlating with duration of intensive care. Leukocyte cell-surface and intracellular levels of RAGE were assessed and cell surface levels on neutrophils decreased following surgery, possibly contributing to the sRAGE levels in plasma. Cytokine release from whole blood increased following incubation with RAGE ligands, with a diminished effect on whole blood obtained after snCPB, suggesting leukocyte hypo-responsiveness. Finally, genotyping 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the RAGE, HMGB1 and S100A8 genes in 187 snCBP patients indicated statistically significant relationships to clinical outcomes such as impaired oxygenation and incidence of acute kidney injury. The findings from these investigations, inform understanding of the involvement of the RAGE axis in systemic inflammation.
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Bertheloot, Damien [Verfasser]. "Role of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) in the Immune Sensing of Nucleic Acids / Damien Bertheloot." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/113977512X/34.
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