Journal articles: 'Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)'

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Okatani, Alexandre Tomomitsu, Hideki Hayashidani, Toshio Takahashi, Takahide Taniguchi, Masuo Ogawa, and Ken-ichi Kaneko. "Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis ofErysipelothrix spp." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 12 (2000): 4332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.12.4332-4336.2000.

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The usefulness of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA method (RAPD) to identify each species of genus Erysipelothrix and for epidemiological analysis of this genus was studied. Eighty-one strains and 18 random primers were tested. Among the tested primers, the primers NK51 (GGTGGTGGTATC) and NK6 (CCCGCGCCCC) produced noticeable results. The primer NK51 revealed four species-specific RAPD patterns. Of the 66 strains of E. rhusiopathiae, 64 had the same unique band of 884 bp. Of the 12 strains of E. tonsillarum, 11 produced a 1,265-bp band. In addition, two strains, previously thought to be E. rhusiopathiae, produced the 1,265-bp band, suggesting that they had been misclassified. One strain of E. tonsillarumproduced the 884-bp band, suggesting that it too was E. rhusiopathiae. The E. rhusiopathiae strain of serovar 13 produced a 650-bp band, and the strain of serovar 18 produced a clear 420-bp band as well as three weak bands of 1,265, 918, and 444 bp. The primer NK6 revealed 14 RAPD patterns that were not serovar specific. However, different patterns were produced among strains of the same serovar showing that the RAPD method is able to identify the genetic variations of strains of this genus and can rapidly and easily differentiate strains of the same serovar. Based on these results, we concluded that the RAPD method with primers NK51 and NK6 is a rapid and reliable method to identify the species of this genus; we also concluded that this method might be a useful tool for the epidemiological analysis of the Erysipelothrix species.

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Wong, N. A. C. S., C. J. Linton, H. Jalal, and M. R. Millar. "Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA typing: a useful tool for rapid epidemiological typing ofKlebsiella pneumoniae." Epidemiology and Infection 113, no. 3 (December 1994): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880006845x.

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SUMMARYDiscriminatory typing methods are invaluable in the investigation of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Single primers were used to generate randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles fromKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolates of various serotype andK. pneumoniaeisolates from cases of sepsis at a Malaysian hospital and two English hospitals. RAPD profiles of acceptable reproducibility, a maximum of three minor band variations, were produced using a rapid DNA extraction method. RAPD typing ofK. pneumoniaewas shown to be as discriminatory as restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using pulsed field gel electrophoresis yet quicker and less costly. The findings suggest that RAPD typing may be a useful tool for the epidemiological typing ofK. pneumoniae.

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Möller, M., and R. Harling. "Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiling of Plasmodiophora brassicae." Letters in Applied Microbiology 22, no. 1 (January 1996): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1996.tb01111.x.

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Echt, C. S., L. A. Erdahl, and T. J. McCoy. "Genetic segregation of random amplified polymorphic DNA in diploid cultivated alfalfa." Genome 35, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-014.

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Polymerase chain reaction was used, with single 10-mer primers of arbitrary sequence, to amplify random regions of genomic DNA from a diploid cultivated alfalfa backcross population. Segregation of the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments was analysed to determine if RAPD markers are suitable for use as genetic markers. Of the 19 primers tested, 13 amplified a total of 37 polymorphic fragments, of which 28 (76%) segregated as dominant Mendelian traits. RAPD markers appear useful for the rapid development of genetic information in species like alfalfa where little information currently exists or is difficult to obtain.Key words: random amplified polymorphic DNA, polymerase chain reaction amplification, genome mapping, restriction fragment length polymorphism, Medicago sativa.

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Weir, B. J., R. G. St Pierre, and R. N. Chibbar. "RAPD Marker Polymorphism among Saskatoon Cultivars, Clones, and Seedlings." HortScience 32, no. 6 (October 1997): 1109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.6.1109.

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Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to distinguish among 16 cultivars of saskatoon (Amelanchier spp.). Eight 9-base, oligonucleotide primers amplified a total of 98 DNA fragments, of which 29 were useful as reproducible polymorphic markers. Twelve cultivars and two pairs of cultivars were uniquely characterized by these 29 markers. Polymorphism was not detected among five sources of the cv. Thiessen, whereas variability was found among seedlings from self-pollinated `Thiessen'. Samples of the cvs. Regent and Parkhill were indistinguishable from one of two sources, suggesting that the cultivars were mislabelled.

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Lim, Hak-Tae. "Comparative Studies on Hanabusaya asiatica and Its Allied Groups Based on Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 482E—482. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.482e.

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The phylogenetic relationships between Korean endemic, Hanabusaya asiatica, and its allied groups, including four genera and nine species, were investigated at the DNA level using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Ten primers out of 80 primers (10-mer) screened gave rise to very high polymorphism (99%) in all of the tested plants, producing 153 randomly amplified DNA fragments. H. asiatica was differentiated from its allied groups at the 0.62 of similarity index of RAPDs. This results were in accordance with previous classification based on palynological studies. It was confirmed that H. asiatica could be placed into Korean endemic and suggested that RAPD technique be used as an additional method of phylogenetic relationship for plant systematics.

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Picton, Deric D., and Harrison G. Hughes. "Characterization of Alstroemeria Species using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 482F—482. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.482f.

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In this study, 11 species, hybrids, and color variants were characterized using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Total genomic DNA was extracted using a 2% CTAB extraction buffer using fresh or frozen leaf material. The DNA was amplified using standard RAPD-PCR protocols utilizing 10-mer primers. All primers utilized exhibited a high degree of polymorphism in their banding patterns among the species and hybrids studied. The primers used produced ≈40 reproducible bands. It was possible to identify and uniquely distinguish all species and hybrids investigated using these bands.

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Ronning, C. M., R. J. Schnell, and S. Gazit. "Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers to Identify Annona Cultivars." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 5 (September 1995): 726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.5.726.

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The native American genus Annona contains many species that are cultivated for their edible fruit, including the custard apple (A. reticuluta L.), soursop (A. muricata L.), cherimoya (A. cherimola L.), sugar apple (A. squamosa L.), and interspecific hybrids, the atemoyas. RAPD analysis of A. cherimola. `Campa' and `Jete,' A. squamosa `Lessard,' and the atemoyas `Ubranitzki,' `Malali,' and `Kaspi' resulted in very distinctive patterns, indicating that RAPD markers, may be an efficient method of fingerprinting genotypes within and between Annona species. All 15 primers used generated repeatable, polymorphic patterns. An F1 population of `Jete' × `Lessard' was analyzed to determine the inheritance of the RAPD banding patterns. Fifty-two polymorphic loci were identified, which segregated in an expected Mendelian fashion.

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Franklin, Rima B., Douglas R. Taylor, and Aaron L. Mills. "Characterization of microbial communities using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)." Journal of Microbiological Methods 35, no. 3 (April 1999): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7012(99)00003-2.

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Gidoni, D., M. Rom, T. Kunik, M. Zur, E. Izsak, S. Izhar, and N. Firon. "Strawberry-cultivar Identification using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers." Plant Breeding 113, no. 4 (December 1994): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00747.x.

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Troggio, M., T. L. Kubisiak, G. Bucci, and P. Menozzi. "Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA linkage relationships in different Norway spruce populations." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-076.

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We tested the constancy of linkage relationships of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker loci used to construct a population-based consensus map in material from an Italian stand of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in 29 individuals from three Norwegian populations. Thirteen marker loci linked in the Italian stand did show a consistent locus ordering in the Norwegian population. The remaining 16 unlinked marker loci were spread over different linkage groups and (or) too far apart both in the population map and in this study. The limited validity of RAPD markers as genomic "hallmarks" resilient across populations is discussed. We also investigated the reliability of RAPD markers; only 58% of the RAPD markers previously used to construct the consensus map in the Italian population were repeatable in the same material. Of the repeatable ones 76.3% were amplified and found polymorphic in 29 megagametophyte sibships from three Norwegian populations.

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Polashock, James, and Nicholi Vorsa. "038 Development of SCARs for DNA Fingerprinting of Cranberry." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 394E—394. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.394e.

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We have used RAPDs (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs) to successfully fingerprint cranberry. Although this method is simple and inexpensive, disadvantages include limited reproducibility in other labs and it is not easily computer-analyzed. RAPDs can also be labor-intensive because multiple primers are required to adequately fingerprint a single sample. As an alternative, we have utilized a method called SCARs (Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions). Clear polymorphic RAPD markers were cloned and sequenced. Primers were designed to amplify each polymorphic band and contained the original 10-mer RAPD primer sequence and 10 to 12 additional “clone-specific” bases. Primer sets were tested on eight common cranberry cultivars to determine if the desired polymorphic marker was amplified. The success rate of developing ëgoodí primer sets was ≈25%. The most common problem was loss of polymorphism, suggesting that selectivity was contained within the original 10-mer RAPD primer. The amplification of many similarly sized markers, suggesting the primer set amplified a repeat region, was another problem. Useful primer sets were multiplexed in PCR reactions to establish a “fingerprint.” The SCARs system we developed to fingerprint cranberry is powerful enough to distinguish individual clones in both crosses and selfed progeny. To further simply the system, computer automation for detection and analysis using fluorescently labeled primers is underway. One problem we are addressing is reduced product in the labeled multiplex reactions. Reduced product yield is presumably because the dye molecule (Cy5) is very large and may reduce primer binding and/or polymerization efficiency. This problem has been somewhat alleviated using a patented form of Taq DNA polymerase.

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Góes, Larissa Brandão, Ana Bolena Lima da Costa, Laurineide Lopes de Carvalho Freire, and Neiva Tinti de Oliveira. "Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA of Trichoderma isolates and antagonism against Rhizoctonia solani." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45, no. 2 (June 2002): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132002000200005.

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Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) procedure was used to examine the genetic variability among fourteen isolates of Trichoderma and their ability to antagonize Rhizoctonia solani using a dual-culture assay for correlation among RAPD products and their hardness to R. solani. Seven oligodeoxynucleotide primers were selected for the RAPD assays which resulted in 197 bands for 14 isolates of Trichoderma. The data were entered into a binary matrix and a similarity matrix was constructed using DICE similarity (SD) index. A UPGMA cluster based on SD values was generated using NTSYS (Numerical Taxonomy System, Applied Biostatistics) computer program. A mean coefficient of similarity obtained for pairwise comparisons among the most antagonics isolates was around 40%. The results presented here showed that the variability among the isolates of Trichoderma was very high. No relationship was found between the polymorphism showed by the isolates and their hardness, origin and substrata.

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Astarini, Ida A., Julie A. Plummer, Rachel A. Lancaster, and Guijun Yan. "Fingerprinting of cauliflower cultivars using RAPD markers." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 2 (2004): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03012.

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Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to investigate genetic relationships among 25 cultivars of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). Forty decamer primers were examined, among which 15 primers produced polymorphism. Twenty-five polymorphic bands were observed, ranging in size from 428 to 1646 bp. A fingerprinting key was generated using these polymorphic bands. A dendogram was constructed using neighbour-joining analysis based on phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (PAUP). Results indicate that RAPD markers can be used for the routine identification of cauliflower cultivars within B. oleracea var. botrytis L.

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Johansson, M. L., M. Quednau, G. Molin, and S. Ahrné. "Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for rapid typing of Lactobacillus plantarum strains." Letters in Applied Microbiology 21, no. 3 (September 1995): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1995.tb01030.x.

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Jolivet-Gougeon, Anne, Sandrine David-Jobert, Zohreh Tamanai-Shacoori, Christian MÃ¯Â¿Â½nard, and Michel Cormier. "Osmotic Stress-Induced Genetic Rearrangements inEscherichia coli H10407 Detected by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 5484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.12.5484-5487.2000.

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ABSTRACT Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis is a DNA polymorphism assay commonly used for fingerprinting genomes. After optimizing the reaction conditions, samples of Escherichia coli H10407 DNA were assayed to determine the influence of osmotic and/or oligotrophic stress on variations in RAPD banding patterns. Genetic rearrangements or DNA topology variations could be detected as changes in agarose gel electrophoresis banding profiles. A new amplicon generated using DNA extracted from bacteria prestarved by an osmotic stress and resuscitated in rich medium was observed. Enrichment improved recovery of mutator cells and allowed them to be detected in samples, suggesting that DNA modifications, such as stress-induced alterations and supercoiling phenomena, should be taken into consideration before beginning RAPD analyses.

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Sauve, Roger J., Suping Zhou, Yingchun Yu, and Wolfram George Schmid. "Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis in the Genus Hosta." HortScience 40, no. 5 (August 2005): 1243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1243.

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A randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to identify and determine the phylogenetic relationships of 37 hosta accessions representing the major subgenera, sections and groups in the genus Hosta. Results of this study show that RAPD markers were able to differentiate not only the main groups, whose plants shared many genetic traits, but also cultivars within a species. Some accessions were identified by a single primer while others had high intercross linkage and required many markers for their separation. The phylogenetic clustering showed that H. plantaginea, the only night-blooming species, and H. ventricosa, the only known natural tetraploid, are unique and should be classified separately. The four species in the subgenus Bryocles, section Lamellatae H. venusta, H. minor, H. capitata, and H. nakaiana have very low genetic similarity since they do not share many amplified fragments. The other accessions were classified into four main clusters; cluster 1: H. venusta, H. tardiva, H. pycnophylla, H. tsushimensis `Ogon', H. montana, H. tibae, H. montana f. macrophylla, H. kikutii `Kikutii', H. longissima `Longifolia', H. rectifolia `Rectifolia', H. takahashii and H.`Undulata'; cluster 2: H. laevigata, H. sieboldiana, H. pycnophylla × H. longipes f. latifolia, H. longipes `Urajiro' and H. ibukiensis; cluster 3: H. capitata, H. kikutii `Polyneuron', H. nigrescens, H. kikutii `Yakusimensis', H. pachyscapa, H. kikutii `Caput-Avis', H. longipes f. latifolia, H. hypoleuca, H. okamotoi, H. densa and H. takiensis; and cluster 4: H. aequinoctiiantha, H. rupifraga, H. `Amanuma', H. minor and H. kikutii `Densa'.

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Cansian, Rogério L., and Sergio Echeverrigaray. "Discrimination among Cultivars of Cabbage Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers." HortScience 35, no. 6 (October 2000): 1155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.6.1155.

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Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to discriminate among 16 commercial cultivars of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata Group). A set of 18 decamer primers was selected from 100 random sequences and used to characterize cultivars and to evaluate distances. The selected primers produced 105 (54%) polymorphic bands ranging in size from 100 and 2500 base pairs, out of a total of 195 bands, which allowed for discrimination of all cultivars. Similarity indices between cultivars were computed from RAPD data, and ranged from 0.72 to 0.87 with an average of 0.82. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis revealed two groups, one formed by two cultivars recommended for summer cropping, and the other by 14 cultivars. This large group was additionally divided into two subgroups. RAPD analysis provides a quick and reliable alternative for the identification of cabbage cultivars and for determination of the relationships among them.

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Ozbey, G., Ertas HB, and A. Muz. "Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale strains isolated from chickens in Turkey." Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 12 (March 28, 2012): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5660-vetmed.

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Six field strains of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolated from chickens in Elazig province located in the East of Turkey were typed by serotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA assay using a random primer (OPG-11). Using the AGP test used for serotyping, serotype A was found to be the predominant serotype, only one strain was serotyped as serotype B. By RAPD assay, the tested ORT strains were found to have different RAPD profiles. In addition, the RAPD assay showed almost similar DNA profiles among the tested strains of the serotypes A, B, D and E. The strain of serotype C did give a different RAPD profile. Within strains of the same serotype (A), different profiles were found but the strain of serotype (B) had an identical profile as strains of serotype A. This study suggests that more genotypes of ORT strains are present within the same serotype and thus that no relationship exists between the RAPD pattern of ORT and their serotype.

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Fenwick, A. L., and S. M. Ward. "Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers for Cultivar Identification in Mint." HortScience 36, no. 4 (July 2001): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.4.761.

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Seventeen mint accessions representing the three species grown for commercial oil production in the United States were characterized using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The RAPD profiles readily identified the different Mentha species; calculation of genetic distance, based on the number of shared bands, indicated that M. spicata L. is more closely related to M. × gracilis than to M. × piperita. The RAPD profiles also distinguished among eight peppermint accessions of different geographical origin. However, only limited polymorphism was observed among the most widely grown peppermint and Scotch spearmint cultivars. These results indicate a potential lack of genetic diversity in mint cultivars grown for oil in the United States.

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Subramanian, V., S. Gurtu, R. C. Nageswara Rao, and S. N. Nigam. "Identification of DNA polymorphism in cultivated groundnut using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay." Genome 43, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g00-034.

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Construction of a genetic linkage map is necessary to apply marker-assisted selection tools in a crop improvement program. Except for the recent studies from two laboratories, most of the previous studies have shown little or no DNA polymorphism in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In the present study, 70 selected genotypes, representing variability for several morphological, physiological, and other characters, were studied for polymorphism employing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay with 48 oligonucleotide primers. Of the 48 oligonucleotide primers only 7 (14.6%) yielded polymorphic amplification products. The total number of bands from the 7 primers was 408, of which 27 were polymorphic. Detection of polymorphism in cultivated groundnut opens up the possibility of development of its molecular map by judicious selection of genotypes that show DNA polymorphism. This approach will be useful for developing marker-assisted selection tools for genetic enhancement of groundnut for desirable traits.Key words: Arachis hypogaea L., RAPD, DNA polymorphism, oligonucleotide, random primers.

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Thompson, Paul G., Liang L. Hong, Kittipat Ukoskit, and Zhiqiang Zhu. "Genetic Linkage of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers in Sweetpotato." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 1 (January 1997): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.1.79.

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RAPD marker analyses were completed on parents and progeny of two sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] crosses to determine the feasibility of genetic linkage map construction. A total of 100 primers was tested and 96 produced amplified genomic DNA fragments. The average number of polymorphisms per primer was 0.69. A total of 134 polyphorphic markers was observed and 74 (60%) segregated 1 band present : 1 band absent as needed for use in genetic linkage mapping of polyploids. The 60% of RAPD markers that segregated 1:1 shows that genetic linkage mapping of the hexaploid sweetpotato by RAPD marker analysis is feasible. Linkage was determined for all markers that segregated 1:1 and five pairs of linked markers were found. These were the first linked molecular markers found in sweetpotato and they show that construction of a genetic linkage map is feasible. A genetic linkage map will be a valuable tool to assist in genetic improvements.

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Veilleux, Richard E., L. Yin Shen, and Margarita M. Paz. "Analysis of the genetic composition of anther-derived potato by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and simple sequence repeats." Genome 38, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 1153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-153.

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Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses were used to characterize the genetic composition of anther-derived plants of a diploid potato clone, CP2 (Solanum chacoense 80-1 × S. phureja 1-3). The ploidy of anther-derived plants was first determined by flow cytometry. A total of 44 decamer primers was screened for RAPD polymorphism. The loci that segregated were selected and scored. The monoploids had less than half as many loci carrying RAPD markers compared with the anther donor. Among 14 anther-derived diploids, 5 were identified as homozygous by marker frequency similar to monoploids and 9 as heterozygous. Five of seven SSRs obtained from published potato sequences were polymorphic in CP2. CP2 was found to be heterozygous with two alleles at four SSR loci (TC/TA, AAG, AGA, CTT) and three alleles at a ACTC locus. Primer pairs flanking each of the five polymorphic SSRs revealed that monoploids had only the allele contributed by S. chacoense 80-1. Homozygous diploids had only one band per SSR locus, whereas heterozygous diploids displayed more than one allele for at least one SSR locus. Results of the SSR analysis supported the findings based on RAPD markers; the same five diploid clones were characterized as homozygous by both SSR and RAPD markers.Key words: androgenesis, anther culture, microsatellites, RAPDs, Solanum phureja, Solanum chacoense, SSRs, short tandem repeats.

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Woeste, Keith, Gale H. McGranahan, and Robert Bernatzky. "Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Loci from a Walnut Backcross [(Juglans hindsii × J. regia) × J. regia]." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 3 (May 1996): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.3.358.

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Twenty-five random decamer primers were used to evaluate the level of polymorphism between Persian walnut and the Northern California black walnut. Sixty-six randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were identified using an interspecific walnut backcross population [(Juglans hindsii × J. regia) × J. regia]. Segregation data from these polymorphisms were joined to a previously published set of restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) marker data to expand the genetic map of walnut to 107 markers in 15 linkage groups.

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Yang, Xiaofeng, and Carlos F. Quiros. "Characterizing the Celery Genome with DNA-based Genetic Markers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 5 (September 1995): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.5.747.

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To characterize the celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce, 2n = 2x = 22) genome, 126 celery cDNA clones and 340 random 10-mer primers were used to generate restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers between two cultivated types. Different abundance classes of the genomic sequences represented by the cDNA clones and the RAPD markers were observed. Most of the cDNA clones were single-copy sequences, suggesting the true diploid nature of the celery genome. Nearly half of the 39 RAPD markers tested by Southern hybridization were multiple-copy sequences. Of the RAPD markers tested, 28% was single- and low-copy, and 26% was high-copy sequences. The polymorphism level of the cDNA clones was 23% when tested with four restriction enzymes (Eco RI, Eco RV, Hin dIII, and Hae III). A positive association was observed between RFLP level and the size of cDNA inserts or hybridized restriction fragments. Deletion, insertion, and base substitution were important in the formation of the RFLP markers. Eighty-two (23%) of the 340 primers tested yielded useful RAPD markers, but only 3.8% of the amplified products were polymorphic. Base substitution may be the most important mechanism for the RAPD markers in celery. The RAPD fragments revealed no RFLP markers when tested by Southern hybridization, implying that RAPD markers are an important complement to RFLP markers in genomic mapping in celery. Random methylation of cytosine was determined in 5S rDNA on Bam HI and Hin dIII cutting sites that produced ladder patterns characteristic of tandem repeats.

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Prince, James P., Vincent K. Lackney, Carmichael Angeles, James R. Blauth, and Molly M. Kyle. "A survey of DNA polymorphism within the genus Capsicum and the fingerprinting of pepper cultivars." Genome 38, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-027.

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Interspecific genetic variation was examined in the genus Capsicum based on shared restriction fragments in Southern analyses. Four distinct clusters were delineated among 21 accessions of cultivated and wild pepper (C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. chacoense, C. chinense, and C. frutescens). Three tight clusters comprised of accessions belonging to C. annuum, C. frutescens, and C. baccatum, respectively, were formed, along with a fourth cluster comprised of one accession each of C. chinense and C. chacoense. All accessions were differentiated by this technique, and the clusters corresponded closely to previous morphology-based classification. Sufficient DNA polymorphism exists among these accessions that segregating populations useful for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping could be constructed using any two pepper accessions as parents. Regression analysis indicates that genetic distance is a good predictor (R2 = 0.872) of the level of mappable DNA polymorphism in Capsicum. Intraspecific variability was examined among four C. annuum cultivars (NuMex R Naky, Jupiter, Perennial, and Criollo de Morelos 334) using both RFLPs and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), allowing a comparative evaluation of the two techniques. Seventeen percent of the clones used singly in RFLP analyses were sufficient for the differentiation of these varieties, as were 12.5% of the RAPD PCR amplifications. Dendrograms constructed from RFLP and RAPD analyses of the intraspecific data are similar but not identical. Southern analysis and RAPD PCR should be useful for DNA fingerprinting and the discrimination of closely related C. annuum genotypes.Key words: cluster analysis, restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP, DNA fingerprinting, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, RAPD, germplasm.

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Belaj, A., I. Trujillo, R. de la Rosa, L. Rallo, and M. J. Giménez. "Polymorphism and Discrimination Capacity of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Markers in an Olive Germplasm Bank." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126, no. 1 (January 2001): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.1.64.

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Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed on the main Mediterranean cultivars of olive (Olea europaea L.) from the Germplasm Bank of the Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria “Alameda del Obispo” in Cordoba, Spain. One hundred and ninety reproducible amplification fragments were identified using 46 random primers followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Some 63.2% of the amplification products were polymorphic, with an average of 2.6 RAPD markers obtained for each primer. The combination of polymorphic markers resulted in 244 banding patterns. The high degree of polymorphism detected made identification of all the cultivars (51) possible by combining the RAPD banding patterns of just only four primers: OPA-01, OPK-08, OPX-01, and OPX-03. Cultivar-specific RAPD markers and banding patterns were also found. A dendrogram based on unweighted pair-group method cluster analysis was constructed using a similarity matrix derived from the RAPD amplification products generated by the 46 primers. Three major groups of cultivars could be distinguished by RAPD analysis: 1) cultivars from east and northeast Spain, 2) Turkish, Syrian, and Tunisian cultivars, and 3) the majority of common olive cultivars in Spain. The dendrogram thus showed a good correlation between the banding patterns of olive cultivars and their geographic origin. A higher level of polymorphism was observed when polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate the amplification products. Thus, adequate use of RAPD technology offers a valuable tool to distinguish between olive cultivars.

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Echeverrigaray, S., R. L. Cansian, A. P. L. Delamare, R. P. Silveira, and V. Barni. "Genetic Variation among Garlic Cultivars as Determined by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 452E—452. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.452e.

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A collection of garlic (Allium sativum L.) germplasm, including 11 cultivars currently used in South Brazil, was evaluated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Objectives were to assess genetic variations and relationships among cultivars and determine the potential of RAPD markers for the identification of garlic cultivars. One-hundred-twenty-two RAPD bands were scored from 12 oligonucleotide decamer primers selected from Operon Techn. kits B, X, and Y. Of these, 46 bands (37.6%) were polymorphic. Similarity indices between garlic entries were computed from RAPD data, and these range from 0.69 to 1.00. UPGMA cluster analysis of genetic distances showed three groups: one formed by nine cultivars and two formed by single entries. The nine cultivars that form group I had common origin, which explains the high similarity observed between them.

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Chacón, M. R., E. Rodriguez, R. M. E. Parkhouse, P. R. Burrows, and T. Garate. "The differentiation of parasitic nematodes using random amplified polymorphic DNA." Journal of Helminthology 68, no. 2 (June 1994): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00013614.

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AbstractDNA from species and races of plant parasitic nematodes (Meloidogyne, Globodera and Heterodera) and a human parasitic nematode (Trichinella) were subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification using one arbitrary primer (M-10). This technique results in relatively simple DNA profiles that include polymorphic markers known as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). The RAPD profiles of the plant nematode species of Meloidogyne made possible the identification of M. incognita and M. hapla, but no differences were found between the patterns of M. javanica, M. arenaria and M. graminicola. Moreover, the four races of M. incognita were indistinguishable by this primer. In contrast, when races of the plant nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Ro1 and Ro2/3) were studied under the same RAPDs conditions, a race specific profile allows these two most devastating races to be differentiated. When DNAs of eight Trichinella isolates were subjected to RAPD studies, four different patterns were identified, corresponding to the four Trichinella clusters previously defined by isozyme polymorphism.

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., H. H. Salem, B. A. Ali ., T. H. Huang ., and D. N. Qin . "Use of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers in Poultry Research." International Journal of Poultry Science 4, no. 10 (September 15, 2005): 804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2005.804.811.

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Bielawski, Joseph P., and Dorothy E. Pumo. "Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Atlantic Coast striped bass." Heredity 78, no. 1 (January 1997): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1997.4.

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Anbarasan, K., A. K. Sharma, R. K. Singh, S. M. Deb, and D. Sharma. "Genetic Differentiation Among Goats Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers." Journal of Applied Animal Research 20, no. 1 (September 2001): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2001.9706740.

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Mailer, R. J., N. Wratten, and M. Vonarx. "Genetic diversity amongst Australian canola cultivars determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 7 (1997): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97059.

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Summary. The rapid increase in canola production in Australia in recent years has been associated with the release of several new cultivars with progressive improvements in quality, yield and disease resistance. The origin of many Australian cultivars is Canadian material that was introduced into Australia in the late 1970s. A selection of new genetic material has recently been introduced from diverse sources including China, Japan and Europe. As a result, Australian cultivars now contain a much larger gene pool and wide ranging agronomic characteristics. Cultivar identification and discrimination has become an important issue in canola breeding programs. This paper describes the diversity amongst 25 Australian cultivars, analysed using the polymerase chain reaction and arbitrary primers to detect randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) sequences. From 19 primers, 89 bands were detected. Six of the best of these primers, producing 27 bands, were selected for cultivar discrimination. Cluster analysis was used to illustrate the diversity of genetic material in Australian canola cultivars and between individual breeding programs. Despite the common origin of Australian cultivars, differences between individual programs are evident. The results obtained are generally in agreement with known pedigrees. However, RAPD provides canola breeders with a more accurate picture of similarities and diversity among cultivars. The similarity of cultivars within individual programs suggests RAPD discrimination may be associated with particular cultivar characteristics and able to be used in selections in breeding programs.

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Levi, Amnon, Lisa J. Rowland, and John S. Hartung. "Production of Reliable Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers from DNA of Woody Plants." HortScience 28, no. 12 (December 1993): 1188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.12.1188.

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A procedure for identifying reproducible RAPD markers from woody plant DNA is presented. The procedure relies on using a PCR buffer that contains 1% Triton-X-100 and 0.1 % gelatin [previously described for successful polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S/23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions from eubacteria], and amplification conditions of 50 cycles: 30 sec at 94C, 70 sec at 48C, and 120 sec at 72C. The combination of this buffer and these conditions amplified consistent fragments in higher amounts, as compared to other standard PCR buffers and conditions generally used for RAPD analysis. This procedure resulted in reliable RAPD patterns for all organisms tested. Chemical name used: α-[4-(1,1,3,3,-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-cohydroxypoly(oxy-l,2-ethanediyl) (Triton-X-l00).

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Horejsi, Thomas, Jodie M. Box, and Jack E. Staub. "Efficiency of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA to Sequence Characterized Amplified Region Marker Conversion and their Comparative Polymerase Chain Reaction Sensitivity in Cucumber." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 124, no. 2 (March 1999): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.124.2.128.

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The conversion of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, and the effects of differing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions were studied in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Attempts were made to clone and sequence 75 RAPD PCR products to produce SCAR primers (16 to 22 nucleotides) designed to amplify original RAPD PCR products. The influence of template DNA source, purity, and concentration, MgCl2 concentration, Taq polymerase source, and type of thermocycler upon RAPD and SCAR marker performance was evaluated. Conversion of RAPD to SCAR markers was not universally successful, and SCAR primers reacted differently to varying PCR conditions. Only 48 (64%) of 75 RAPD markers were successfully converted to SCAR markers and 11 (15%) of these reproduced the polymorphism observed with the original RAPD PCR product. Moreover, some SCAR primer pairs produced multiple polymorphic PCR products. The band intensity of SCAR markers were brighter (P = 0.05) than their corresponding RAPD markers with only one exception. The SCAR markers examined were less influenced (P = 0.05) by MgCl2 concentration than their corresponding RAPD markers. However, some SCAR markers were more sensitive to reaction impurities than their RAPD counterparts and SCAR markers tended to be less readily visualized (decrease in frequency of visible PCR product) with low concentrations (1 and 2 mm) of template DNA than their corresponding RAPD markers. Neither the source of Taq nor the type of thermocycler used affected the performance of SCAR and RAPD markers. These data suggest that although SCAR markers may demonstrate enhanced performance over the RAPD markers from which they are derived, careful consideration must be given to both the costs and potential benefits of SCAR marker development in cucumber.

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Venieri, D., A. Vantarakis, G. Komninou, and M. Papapetropoulou. "Differentiation of faecal Escherichia coli from human and animal sources by random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR)." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0053.

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In this study the assessment of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was established as a molecular epidemiological tool. RAPD analysis was performed to differentiate faecal Escherichia coli isolates from human and animal sources. E. coli strains (128) were isolated from human and animal faeces (from cattle and sheep). Genomic DNA was extracted and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) fingerprinting was performed. Seven arbitrary primers were tested with a view to discriminating between E. coli isolates from humans and E. coli isolates from animals. RAPD profiles were analysed with hierarchical cluster analysis using an unweighted pair group method. RAPD profiles obtained with three of the tested primers (1247, 1290 and 1254) established a distinct differentiation between E. coli isolates from humans and E. coli from animals. Low levels of misclassification and high levels of specificity make RAPD a sensitive, efficient and reliable means of distinguishing closely related strains.

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Bittencourt-Oliveira, Maria do Carmo, and Reinaldo Monteiro. "Genetic variability of species of Monoraphidium (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyta) using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 107 (November 26, 2002): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/107/2002/81.

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Prihatini, Riry, Noflindawati ,, and Tri Budiyanti. "Application of RAPD Markers on Sex Determination of Papaya (Carica papaya)." Comm. Horticulturae Journal 1, no. 1 (October 4, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/chj.1.1.1-5.

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Molecular sex determination of five varieties of Indonesian papaya were investigated using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA) markers. Overall, 12 of 14 primers produced polymorphic bands on either several or all tested varieties. The OPC04 and RAPD2 markers could be used determined sex types on all varieties, whereas others primers are only on certain varieties. The Tangkai Ungu variety can be differentiate by markers: OPA11, OPA14, OPC14, RAPD2, RAPD3, and RAPD5; the Lokal Sumani can be determine using markers: OPA01, OPA11, OPA14, OPC01, OPC04, RAPD2, RAPD3, RAPD5, and RAPD6; the Merah Delima could be determined using OPC04, OPN09, RAPD2, and RAPD5; the Dampit could be determined using OPC01, OPC04, RAPD2, and RAPD6; whereas the Sicincing Panjang could be determined using OPA04, OPA11, OPA14, OPC04, RAPD2, and RAPD3.

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Winget, Danielle M., and K. Eric Wommack. "Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA PCR as a Tool for Assessment of Marine Viral Richness." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 9 (March 14, 2008): 2612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02829-07.

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ABSTRACT Recent discoveries have uncovered considerable genetic diversity among aquatic viruses and raised questions about the variability of this diversity within and between environments. Studies of the temporal and spatial dynamics of aquatic viral assemblages have been hindered by the lack of a common genetic marker among viruses for rapid diversity assessments. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR bypasses this obstacle by sampling at the genetic level without requiring viral isolation or previous sequence knowledge. In this study, the utility of RAPD-PCR for assessing DNA viral richness within Chesapeake Bay water samples was evaluated. RAPD-PCR using single 10-mer oligonucleotide primers successfully produced amplicons from a variety of viral samples, and banding patterns were highly reproducible, indicating that each band likely represents a single amplicon originating from viral template DNA. In agreement with observations from other community profiling techniques, resulting RAPD-PCR banding patterns revealed more temporal than spatial variability in Chesapeake Bay virioplankton assemblages. High-quality hybridization probes and sequence information were also easily generated from single RAPD-PCR products or whole reactions. Thus, the RAPD-PCR technique appears to be practical and efficient for routine use in high-resolution viral diversity studies by providing assemblage comparisons through fingerprinting, probing, or sequence information.

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Holt, Scott M., and Gregory L. Cote. "Differentiation of Dextran-ProducingLeuconostoc Strains by a Modified Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Protocol." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 3096–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.8.3096-3098.1998.

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ABSTRACT Seven dextran-producing Leuconostoc strains were differentiated by using a modified randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) protocol that incorporated specific primers designed from conserved regions of dextransucrase genes. RAPD profiles showed intraspecies differences among the Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains tested. This modified RAPD protocol will aid in the differentiation of polymer-producing leuconostocs, which are currently distinguished by time-consuming analyses of the dextrans they synthesize.

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Yamazaki, Koji, Tsutomu Okubo, Norio Inoue, and Haruo Shinano. "Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for Rapid Identification of the Spoilage BacteriumAlicyclobacillus acidoterrestris." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 61, no. 6 (January 1997): 1016–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.61.1016.

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Zhang, D. P., M. Ghislain, A. Golmirzaie, and J. C. Cervantes. "Sensitivity and Efficiency of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA for Cultivar Identification in Sweetpotato." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 453D—453. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.453d.

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Detecting inter- and intra-varietal variation is essential for the management of a plant germplasm bank. The sensitivity and efficiency of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for cultivar identification and somaclonal mutation in sweetpotato were evaluated. RAPD demonstrated a highly significant inter-varietal variation. Every one of the 23 tested cultivars can be identified with a RAPD profile generated by a single primer. Suspected duplicates that are morphologically indistinguishable can be unambiguously verified with a combination of three decamers. No intra-varietal variation was found using RAPD. Clones of `Jewel' and `Beauregard' collected from different sources all have the same RAPD profiles. Moreover, with 150 markers, the transgenic `Chogoku' sweetpotato cannot be differentiated from its untransformed counterparts, even though the transgenic plant shows significant morphological changes. These results demonstrate that RAPD is a sensitive and efficient tool for identifying cultivar duplicates, but it is not efficient for detecting intra-clonal variation or somaclonal mutation in sweetpotato.

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Milella, L., J. Salava, G. Martelli, I. Greco, E. F. Cusimamani, and I. Viehmannová. "Genetic Diversity between Yacon Landraces from Different Countries Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, No. 2 (November 21, 2011): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3674-cjgpb.

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Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are widely used for evaluating the genetic relationship of crop germplasm. Five different landraces of yacon (Smallantus sonchifolius (Poepp. and Hendl.) H. Robinson; Asteraceae) collected in various countries and showing different morphological traits were investigated using a total of 61 decamer primers. A total of 282 RAPD markers were scored and 28.7% of them were polymorphic at least within landraces. RAPD markers generated by one primer (OBP14) discriminated between all landraces. Markers were used to calculate genetic similarity coefficient and to build a dendrogram representing the genetic relationship between analysed landraces. The results suggest that RAPD markers could be used as a reliable tool to perform fingerprinting studies in Smallantus sonchifolius genome. This is the first report on the use of RAPDs to evaluate genetic distance and to distinguish between different landraces in yacon.  

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Warner, Jennifer M., and James D. Oliver. "Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis of Starved and Viable but Nonculturable Vibrio vulnificusCells." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 3025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.8.3025-3028.1998.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium capable of causing a rapidly fatal infection in humans. Because of the low nutrient levels and temperature fluctuations found in the organism’s natural habitat, the starvation state and viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state are of particular interest. A randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR protocol was developed previously for the detection of V. vulnificus strains grown in rich media and has been applied to starved and VBNC cells of V. vulnificusin the present study. As cells were subjected to starvation in artificial seawater, changes in the RAPD profile were detected as early as 15 min into the starvation period. Most noticeable was a uniform loss of RAPD amplification products. By 4 h of starvation, the cells were undetectable by the RAPD method. Cells that had been starved for up to 1 year again became detectable by the RAPD method when nutrients were added to the starvation microcosm. The same loss of signal, but at a lower rate, was also seen as cells entered the VBNC state. VBNC cells were resuscitated by a temperature upshift and were once again detectable by the RAPD method. The addition of chloramphenicol prevented the RAPD signal from being lost in both the starvation and VBNC states. This suggests that DNA binding proteins produced during starvation and entrance into the VBNC state may be responsible for the inability of the RAPD method to amplify V. vulnificus DNA in these states.

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Gorkhali, NA, R. Dhakal, S. Sapkota, P. Koirala, BR Pokhrel, MR Kolachhapati, and N. Bhattarai. "Polymorphism of Sakini Chicken Population From Different Locations/Altitudes of Nepal Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna Markers." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 18, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v18i2.51113.

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A study was conducted to evaluate genetic polymorphism in three Sakini chicken populations using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with seven highly polymorphic primers. All populations showed polymorphism with these primers that generates 59 different bands with an average of 8.4 bands per primer with 78.6% polymorphism nature. Primer OPA-16 produced the highest number of polymorphism bands 47 % and the lowest number of bands was produced by the OPA-05 primer 24 %. Differences for genetic distance (D) among populations were significant (P<0.05). A consensus dendogram was therefore developed to show the phylogenetic relationship among the populations. The cluster pattern is well supported by the principle component analysis that also separates all three populations of Sakini chicken into six major groups. The results provide evidence of the applicability of RAPD to determining genetic relatedness within and among different poultry populations and in developing reproducible markers useful in evaluating individual variation in poultry. SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 115-124 (2020)

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Backeljau, Thierry, Luc Bruyn, Hans Wolf, Kurt Jordaens, Stefan Dongen, Ron Verhagen, and Birgitta Winnepenninckx. "RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) AND PARSIMONY METHODS." Cladistics 11, no. 2 (June 1995): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1995.tb00083.x.

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Sakakibara, Stacey M., and John E. Carlson. "DNA FINGERPRINTING IN RHODODENDRONS USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA." HortScience 31, no. 3 (June 1996): 323g—324. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.3.323g.

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Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were evaluated for use in DNA fingerprinting of commercial Rhododendron cultivars. DNA was isolated from Rhododendron leaves and subjected to PCR amplification with single primers, 10 nucleotides in length, and of arbitrary sequence. Amplification products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. Fingerprints were readily identifiable for a number of cultivars, and a high level of polymorphism was observed among clones of 10 rhododendron varieties. The technique was consistently reproducible in different trials using the thermocycler, between different thermocyclers, and using different DNA isolation from the same plant. This method will be applied to large-scale fingerprinting of Rhododendron cultivars and for distinguishing material propagated in tissue culture.

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Zheng, X. Y., and David W. Wolff. "Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers Linked to Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Diverse Melons." HortScience 35, no. 4 (July 2000): 716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.716.

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Three randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (E07, G17, and 596) linked to the Fom-2 gene, which confers resistance to race 0 and 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, were evaluated by RAPD-polymerase chain reaction for their linkage to Fusarium wilt resistance/susceptibility in diverse melon cultigens (48 resistant, 41 susceptible). Primer 596 was identified in the multiple disease-resistant breeding line MR-1, whereas E07 and G17 were identified in the susceptible `Vedrantais'. The RAPD markers E07 (1.25 kb) and G17 (1.05 kb) correctly matched phenotypes in 88% and 81% of the cultigens. The validity of the RAPD scores was verified by Southern hybridization analysis for sequence homology and bulked segregant analysis of a selected cross population for the linkage. These results will facilitate the introgression of resistance genes into susceptible lines from multiple sources in marker-assisted selection.

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S., Runtunuwu D., J. E. X. Rogi, and J. H. Palendeng. "IDENTIFIKASI VARIETAS KENTANG SUPERJOHN BERDASARKAN PENANDA RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)." EUGENIA 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/eug.17.1.2011.100.

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Identification using morphological characters has time consuming. Currently, identification usingmolecular markers has now been popular due to rapid, saving time and more precisely. Superjohnpotato variety has been cultivated in North Sulawesi. However, the Superjohn potato variety has notbeen characterized using molecular markers. This research was aiming to identify ―Superjohn‖ potatobased on RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers. The research was conducted in fieldand laboratory. Field research was performed by taking some young leaves from ―Superjohn‖, Granola,and Atlantic variety from the field. Identification using molecular marker was conducted at laboratory.Nine RAPD primers were used to identify the superjohn variety. The nine primers were OPA-1, OPA-2,OPA-3, OPA-4, OPA-5, OPA-7, OPA-9, OPA-10, and OPO-1. The molecular identification revealedthat ―Superjohn‖ variety was different with Granola and Atlantic. OPA-9700 primer could be used foridentification ―Superjohn‖ variety while OPA-101000 primer was suitable for identification Granolavariety.Keywords: Potatoes, variety, “Superjohn”, Granola, Atlantic, and RAPD ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentikasi kentang ―Superjohn‖ berdasarkan penanda RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Penelitian dilakukan di lapangan dan laboratorium. Penelitianlapangan dilakukan dengan mengambil beberapa daun muda dari varietas kentang ―Superjohn‖,Atlantik dan Granola. Kemudian analisis DNA dilakukan di laboratorium menggunakan analisis RAPD.Berdasarkan penanda RAPD ternyata kentang ―Superjohn‖ berbeda dari kentang Granola dan kentangAtlantik. Penanda RAPD OPA-9700 dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kentang―Superjohn‖ danpenanda RAPD OPA-101000 dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kentang Granola.

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Ling, Jing-Tian, Roger Sauve, and Nick Gawel. "663 PB 101 IDENTIFICATION OF POINSETTIA CULTIVARS USING RAPD MARKERS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 527g—528. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.527g.

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The development of scoreable genetic markers in poinsettia will be valuable for cultivar identification and for use in patent protection. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques were investigated for their feasibility in the identification of poinsettia cultivars. DNA was extracted from leaf tissues using the CTAB method. Thirty-six out of 39 (92.4%) primers amplified poinsettia DNA. The size of the amplified DNA fragments ranged from 140 to 2,000 base pairs. On average, 5.4 bands (range 1 - 13) were obtained per primer. A total of 195 bands were obtained; 49 (25.1%) bands were polymorphic in the 9 tested poinsettia cultivars. All tested cultivars could be discriminated with the banding profiles generated from 2 primers. RADP markers provide a consistently reliable and efficient technique for the identification of poinsettia cultivar.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)'

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