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Journal articles on the topic 'Randomised controlled trial'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Doully, Dr Kumari, Dr Dewesh Kumar, and Dr S. B. Sinha Dr. S. B Sinha. "A Non randomised controlled trial of Eprosartan." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2014/112.

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Ubbink, Dirk, and Hester Vermeulen. "Randomised controlled trial." TVZ - Verpleegkunde in praktijk en wetenschap 132, no. 3 (June 2022): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41184-022-1120-2.

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3

de Jong, Jip, and Nynke van Dijk. "Randomised controlled trial." Huisarts en wetenschap 56, no. 8 (August 2013): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12445-013-0208-x.

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Relton, C., D. Torgerson, A. O'Cathain, and J. Nicholl. "Rethinking pragmatic randomised controlled trials: introducing the "cohort multiple randomised controlled trial" design." BMJ 340, mar19 1 (March 19, 2010): c1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c1066.

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Yeole, Ujwal Lakshman. "Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Spasticity in Hemiplegia: Randomised Controlled Trial." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 01 (January 13, 2017): 15567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i1.61.

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CRAFT, A. W., and T. EDITORS. "The first randomised controlled trial." Archives of Disease in Childhood 79, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.79.5.410.

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7

Howard, Louise M., Margaret Heslin, Morven Leese, Paul McCrone, Christopher Rice, Manuela Jarrett, Terry Spokes, Peter Huxley, and Graham Thornicroft. "Supported employment: randomised controlled trial." British Journal of Psychiatry 196, no. 5 (May 2010): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.061465.

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BackgroundThere is evidence from North American trials that supported employment using the individual placement and support (IPS) model is effective in helping individuals with severe mental illness gain competitive employment. There have been few trials in other parts of the world.AimsTo investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of IPS in the UK.MethodIndividuals with severe mental illness in South London were randomised to IPS or local traditional vocational services (treatment as usual) (ISRCTN96677673).ResultsTwo hundred and nineteen participants were randomised, and 90% assessed 1 year later. There were no significant differences between the treatment as usual and intervention groups in obtaining competitive employment (13% in the intervention group and 7% in controls; risk ratio 1.35, 95% CI 0.95–1.93, P = 0.15), nor in secondary outcomes.ConclusionsThere was no evidence that IPS was of significant benefit in achieving competitive employment for individuals in South London at 1-year follow-up, which may reflect suboptimal implementation. Implementation of IPS can be challenging in the UK context where IPS is not structurally integrated with mental health services, and economic disincentives may lead to lower levels of motivation in individuals with severe mental illness and psychiatric professionals.

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Hotopf, Matthew. "The pragmatic randomised controlled trial." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 8, no. 5 (September 2002): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.8.5.326.

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In recent years there has been much debate regarding the evaluation of treatments in medicine. The evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement has formed partly out of the realisation that clinical practice is often poorly informed by the best available evidence, and that many widely used treatments are either completely untested, or tested and proven to be ineffective or even harmful. EBM has been characterised as a stick by which policy-makers and academics beat clinicians (Williams & Garner, 2002). However, another side to EBM has been the realisation that research performed to test new treatments has often been of poor quality, or has asked the wrong questions (Hotopf et al, 1997; Thornley & Adams, 1998; Barbui & Hotopf, 2001). We have previously argued that clinicians could justifiably criticise the research establishment for failing to provide answers to relevant clinical problems of everyday practice (Hotopf et al, 1999).

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Whiteside, Katie, Lydia Flett, Alex Mitchell, Caroline Fairhurst, Sarah Cockayne, Sara Rodgers, and David J. Torgerson. "Using pens as an incentive for trial recruitment of older adults: An embedded randomised controlled trial." F1000Research 8 (March 21, 2019): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18300.1.

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Background: Meeting recruitment targets for randomised controlled trials is challenging. This trial evaluated the effectiveness of including a pen within the trial invitation pack on the recruitment of older adults into a randomised controlled trial. Methods: This trial was embedded within the Occupational Therapist Intervention Study, a falls-prevention randomised controlled trial. Potential participants (n = 1862), who were posted an invitation pack from two General Practitioner practices, were randomised to either not receive a pen (n = 1295) or receive a pen (n = 648) with their invitation pack, using a 2:1 ratio. The primary outcome was the likelihood of being randomised, and therefore fully recruited, to the host trial. To be randomised to the host trial, participants had to: return a consent form and screening form; be eligible on their screening form; and return a baseline questionnaire and a monthly falls calendar. Secondary outcomes were: the likelihood of returning (and time to return) a screening form; being eligible for the host trial; and remaining in the trial for at least 3 months. Results: The likelihood of being randomised to the host trial did not differ between the pen group (4.5%) and no pen group (4.3%; odds ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 0.65 to 1.67; p = 0.86). There were marginal differences in secondary outcomes in favour of the pen group, particularly in screening form return rates, though these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Pens may not be an effective incentive for the recruitment of older adults into randomised controlled trials, though future trials are required. Registration: ISRCTN22202133; SWAT 37.

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Pande, Anandlkumar, and Sagar Bandiste. "Effects of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Bupivacaine Spinal Anaesthesia: A Placebo Controlled Randomised Trial." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 4, no. 2 (Part-2) (2017): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.42(pt-ii)17.1.

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11

Hicks, Carolyn. "The randomised controlled trial: a critique." Nurse Researcher 6, no. 1 (October 1998): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr.6.1.19.s3.

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Hicks, Carolyn. "The randomised controlled trial: a critique." Nurse Researcher 6, no. 1 (October 1998): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr1998.10.6.1.19.c6077.

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13

Donnelly, Peter K., Louise Hiller, and Janet A. Dunn. "National randomised controlled trial is needed." BMJ 336, no. 7642 (February 28, 2008): 461.3–462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39500.469664.1f.

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Daniels, J. "Umbilical granulomas: a randomised controlled trial." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 88, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 257F—257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fn.88.3.f257.

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Barrett, J. F. R. "Randomised controlled trial for twin delivery." BMJ 326, no. 7386 (February 22, 2003): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7386.448.

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16

GOLDSTEIN, R. "Randomised controlled trial of respiratory rehabilitation." Lancet 344, no. 8934 (November 1994): 1394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90568-1.

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Impey, Lawrence, Margaret Reynolds, Kathryn MacQuillan, Simon Gates, John Murphy, and Orla Sheil. "Admission cardiotocography: a randomised controlled trial." Lancet 361, no. 9356 (February 2003): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12464-6.

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18

Cipriani, Andrea, and John R. Geddes. "What is a randomised controlled trial?" Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 18, no. 3 (September 2009): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000452.

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19

Nelson, A. "What is a randomised controlled trial?" Evidence-Based Nursing 14, no. 4 (September 21, 2011): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebn.2011.100184.

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20

Kemp, Roisin, George Kirov, Brian Everitt, Peter Hayward, and Anthony David. "Randomised controlled trial of compliance therapy." British Journal of Psychiatry 172, no. 5 (May 1998): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.5.413.

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BackgroundA randomised controlled trial was conducted in an acute treatment setting to examine the effectiveness of compliance therapy, a brief pragmatic intervention targeting treatment adherence in psychotic disorders, based on motivational interviewing and recent cognitive approaches to psychosis.MethodSeventy-four patients with psychotic disorders according to DSM–III–R criteria recruited from consecutive admissions to an acute in-patient unit, received 4–6 sessions of either compliance therapy or non-specific counselling, and were followed-up over 18 months. The principal outcome measures were observer-rated compliance, attitudes to treatment, insight and social functioning.ResultsSignificant advantages were found for the compliance therapy group post-treatment on measures of insight, attitudes to treatment and observer-rated compliance which were retained over the follow-up period. Global social functioning improved relatively more over time in the compliance therapy group compared with the control group. Survival in the community prior to readmission was significantly longer in the compliance therapy group.ConclusionsThe results support the effectiveness of compliance therapy in improving functioning and community tenure after an acute psychotic episode.

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21

Tfelt-Hansen, Peer, and Timothy J. Steiner. "Suggested randomised, controlled trial with frovatriptan." Journal of Headache and Pain 12, no. 6 (September 14, 2011): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10194-011-0381-x.

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22

Deane, Katherine H. O. "Randomised Controlled Trials: Part 1, Design." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 69, no. 5 (May 2006): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260606900504.

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Occupational therapists need to be able to evaluate the profession's interventions critically: to stop the ineffective, to reduce the hazardous and to promote the effective. Randomised controlled trials are a research tool for testing the efficacy of interventions with small to moderate effects. This review aims to cover the issues to be considered when designing a randomised controlled trial of complex interventions, such as occupational therapy.

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Ellaway-Barnard, Christopher, Hannah Killick, Guy Peryer, Jane L. Cross, and Toby O. Smith. "The association between registration status and reported outcomes in physiotherapy randomised controlled trials." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 27, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2019.0023.

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Background/Aims Clinical trial registration has been proposed as a method of mitigating selective reporting in scientific research. It remains unknown whether trial registration is associated with reported outcomes in physiotherapy trials. This study aimed to analyse the association between registration status and outcome (the rejection or acceptance of a primary null hypothesis) for physiotherapy randomised controlled trials. Methods All randomised controlled trials reporting a physiotherapy intervention in publications listed in PubMed between 1 January 2017 and 30 June 2017 were included. Trial registration was determined based on the reporting of a registration number in the primary article or by identifying trials through trial registries. Results Of the 291 trials analysed, 176 (60.5%) were registered; 115 (39.5%) were not. There was no significant association between trial registration and outcome on multivariate analyses (Odds Ratio 1.65; 95% Confidence Interval (0.92–2.96); P=0.09). Only 22% of trials were prospectively registered. Conclusions Registration status and trial outcome are not associated in randomised controlled trials of physiotherapy interventions. The rate of physiotherapy trial registration remains low.

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Wilson, Blair, Peter Burnett, David Moher, Douglas G. Altman, and Rustam Al-Shahi Salman. "Completeness of reporting of randomised controlled trials including people with transient ischaemic attack or stroke: A systematic review." European Stroke Journal 3, no. 4 (June 20, 2018): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396987318782783.

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Purpose To assess the adherence of stroke randomised controlled trials to Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials reporting guidelines and investigate the factors that are associated with completeness of reporting. Method We took a random sample from the Cochrane Stroke Group's Trial Register of transient ischaemic attack or stroke randomised controlled trials, published in English in 1997–2016 inclusive. Two reviewers assessed the published report of the final primary results of stroke randomised controlled trials with a 10-point truncated Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials reporting checklist to investigate adherence over time, univariable associations and independent associations with total Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials reporting score in a multiple linear regression model. Findings In this random sample of 177 stroke randomised controlled trials, the mean score on the truncated Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials checklist was 5.8 (SD 2.2); reporting improved from 1997–2000 (4.9 SD 2.0) to 2001–2009 (5.8 SD 2.1) and to 2010–2016 (6.8 SD 2.1). A higher Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials score was independently associated with publication during epochs following a revision of Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials reporting guidelines (p < 0.001), journal endorsement of the Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials reporting guideline at the time of randomised controlled trial publication (p < 0.001) and modified journal impact factor using median citation distribution (p = 0.012). Discussion Stroke randomised controlled trial reporting to Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials standards has improved over time, but could be better. Conclusion Journal endorsement and enforcement of Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials reporting guidelines could further improve the reporting of stroke randomised controlled trials. Systematic review registration: Registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017072193).

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25

McPherson, Susan, Felicitas Rost, Sukhjit Sidhu, and Maxine Dennis. "Non-strategic ignorance: Considering the potential for a paradigm shift in evidence-based mental health." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 24, no. 1 (July 4, 2018): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459318785720.

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Randomised controlled trials form a central building block within the prevailing evidence-based mental health paradigm. Both methodology and paradigm have been widely problematised since their emergence in the mid-late twentieth century. We draw on the concept of ‘strategic ignorance’ to understand why the paradigm still prevails. We present focus group data gathered from 37 participants (service users, public, carers, general practitioners, commissioners) concerning the way they made sense of a randomised controlled trial of psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression. Thematic analysis of the findings revealed an overall critique of randomised controlled trial methods which we refer to as ‘non-strategic ignorance’. Specifically, participants problematised the construct of depression, unseating the premise of the randomised controlled trial; they were sceptical about the purpose and highlighted its failure to show how therapy works or who might benefit; the randomised controlled trial was seen as inadequate for informing decisions about how to select a therapy. Participants assumed the treatment would be cost-effective given the client group and nature of the therapy, irrespective of any randomised controlled trial findings. Each area of lay (‘non-strategic’) critique has an analogous form within the methodological expert domain. We argue that ‘expert’ critiques have generally failed to have paradigmatic impact because they represent strategic ignorance. Yet parallel non-strategic critiques have common sense appeal, highlighting the potential power of lay voices. The discussion considers whether the evidence-based mental health paradigm is faced with epistemological problems of such complexity that the conditions exist for a new paradigm in which service user views are central and randomised controlled trials peripheral.

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Pinto, Anabela, and Mamede de Carvalho. "Randomised controlled trial in non-invasive ventilation: what trial?" Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders 5, no. 4 (January 2004): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660820410021276.

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Shah, A. R., L. D. Sharples, R. N. Solanki, and K. V. Shah. "Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Trial Assessing Controller Medications in Asthma." Respiration 73, no. 4 (2006): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000090898.

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GS, Ashwini, Megha GH, and Rakesh Alur T. "A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing I-Gel Supraglotic Airway and the Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 6, no. 6 (P-1) (2019): 1895–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.6619.3.

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29

Howard, Louise, and Graham Thornicroft. "Patient preference randomised controlled trials in mental health research." British Journal of Psychiatry 188, no. 4 (April 2006): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.4.303.

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SummaryThe relationship between psychiatric patients' preferences for different treatments and the outcome of interventions is unclear, as the few relevant trials have tended to be underpowered. Strong patient preferences result in patients refusing to enter a trial. This leads to bias and limits generalisability, and the patient preference randomised controlled trial (RCT) design has been proposed as an alternative. Limitations and advantages of patient preference RCTs are discussed.

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Peerally, Mohammad Farhad, Clare Jackson, Pradeep Bhandari, Krish Ragunath, Hugh Barr, Clive Stokes, Rehan Haidry, Laurence B. Lovat, Howard Smart, and John De Caestecker. "Factors influencing participation in randomised clinical trials among patients with early Barrett’s neoplasia: a multicentre interview study." BMJ Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): e064117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064117.

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ObjectivesStrong recruitment and retention into randomised controlled trials involving invasive therapies is a matter of priority to ensure better achievement of trial aims. The BRIDE (Barrett’s Randomised Intervention for Dysplasia by Endoscopy) Study investigated the feasibility of undertaking a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing argon plasma coagulation and radiofrequency ablation, following endoscopic resection, for the management of early Barrett’s neoplasia. This paper aims to identify factors influencing patients’ participation in the BRIDE Study and determine their views regarding acceptability of a potential future trial comparing surgery with endotherapy.DesignA semistructured telephone interview study was performed, including both patients who accepted and declined to participate in the BRIDE trial. Interview data were analysed using the constant comparison approach to identify recurring themes.SettingInterview participants were recruited from across six UK tertiary centres where the BRIDE trial was conducted.ParticipantsWe interviewed 18 participants, including 11 participants in the BRIDE trial and 7 who declined.ResultsFour themes were identified centred around interviewees’ decision to accept or decline participation in the BRIDE trial and a potential future trial comparing endotherapy with surgery: (1) influence of the recruitment process and participant–recruiter relationship; (2) participants’ views of the design and aim of the study; (3) conditional altruism as a determining factor and (4) participants’ perceptions of surgical risks versus less invasive treatments.ConclusionWe identified four main influences to optimising recruitment and retention to a randomised controlled trial comparing endotherapies in patients with early Barrett’s-related neoplasia. These findings highlight the importance of qualitative research to inform the design of larger randomised controlled trials.

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Edridge, William. "Is the randomised controlled trial the best?" South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 20, no. 3 (October 23, 2014): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajog.943.

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32

Jamrozik, Konrad. "Hard lessons from a randomised controlled trial." Medical Journal of Australia 176, no. 6 (March 2002): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04398.x.

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O'Reilly, Máire, Mary R. Cahill, and Ivan J. Perry. "Writing to patients: a randomised controlled trial." Clinical Medicine 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.6-2-178.

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34

Lempert, P. "A randomised controlled trial of written information." British Journal of Ophthalmology 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 124—a—124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.87.1.124-a.

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Lempert, P. "A randomised controlled trial of written information." British Journal of Ophthalmology 87, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 517—a—518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.87.4.517-a.

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Impey, L., K. Macquillan, J. Murphy, M. Reynolds, and O. Sheil. "The admission cardiotocograph: a randomised controlled trial." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 23, sup1 (January 2003): S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/718591770.

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Gibbons, A. J. "Performing and publishing a randomised controlled trial." BMJ 324, no. 7344 (April 27, 2002): 131S—131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7344.s131.

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Marriott, L. D. "Weaning preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 88, no. 4 (July 1, 2003): 302F—307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fn.88.4.f302.

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Taylor, Tracy, and Judith Tanner. "Razors versus Clippers: A Randomised Controlled Trial." British Journal of Perioperative Nursing (United Kingdom) 15, no. 12 (December 2005): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890501501202.

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Brocklehurst, P., and Z. Hoare. "How to design a randomised controlled trial." British Dental Journal 222, no. 9 (May 2017): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.411.

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Berger, Paulo. "Dexamethasone in bronchiolitis: A randomised controlled trial." Journal of Emergency Medicine 15, no. 4 (July 1997): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0736-4679(97)90095-0.

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Frampton, S. J., M. J. A. Ward, V. S. Sunkaraneni, H. Ismail-Koch, Z. A. Sheppard, R. J. Salib, and P. K. Jain. "Guillotine versus dissection tonsillectomy: randomised, controlled trial." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, no. 11 (September 11, 2012): 1142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221511200196x.

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AbstractObjective:This trial aimed to compare the guillotine technique of tonsillectomy with ‘cold steel’ dissection, the current ‘gold standard’.Design:A single centre, randomised, controlled trial.Methods:One hundred children aged 3 to 11 years who were listed for bilateral tonsillectomy were recruited. Patients had one tonsil removed by each technique, and were blinded to the side. The operative time, intra-operative blood loss, haemostasis requirement and post-operative pain scores were recorded and compared.Results:Operative time and intra-operative blood loss were both significantly less for the guillotine technique (p < 0.001) and there was a significantly reduced haemostasis requirement (p < 0.001). Pain was also less on the guillotine side (p < 0.001). There were no tonsillar remnants or palatal trauma for either technique. There was no significant difference between techniques in the frequency of secondary haemorrhage.Conclusion:This study provides level Ib evidence that guillotine tonsillectomy in children with mobile tonsils is an effective and time-efficient procedure which produces less intra-operative blood loss and post-operative pain than cold steel dissection.

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VYAS, S. "Recurrent Epistaxis Treatment: A Randomised Controlled Trial." Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 133, no. 2 (August 2005): P251—P252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2005.05.618.

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Roosevelt, Genie, Karen Sheehan, Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan, Robert R. Tanz, and Robert Listernick. "Dexamethasone in bronchiolitis: a randomised controlled trial." Lancet 348, no. 9023 (August 1996): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)02285-4.

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Nakkazi, Esther. "Randomised controlled trial begins for Ebola therapeutics." Lancet 392, no. 10162 (December 2018): 2338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)33011-3.

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46

Devilly, Grant J., and Rachid Annab. "A randomised controlled trial of group debriefing." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 39, no. 1 (March 2008): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.09.003.

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Yung, Michael, and Steve Keeley. "Randomised controlled trial of intravenous maintenance fluids." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 45, no. 1-2 (January 2009): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01254.x.

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48

Masters, James, and Matt Costa. "How to build a randomised controlled trial." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 99, no. 6 (June 2017): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsbull.2017.227.

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49

Sedgwick, P. "What is a non-randomised controlled trial?" BMJ 348, jun20 1 (June 20, 2014): g4115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4115.

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Walsh, Elizabeth, Maeve Rooney, Louis Appleby, and Greg Wilkinson. "Open peer review: A randomised controlled trial." British Journal of Psychiatry 176, no. 1 (January 2000): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.1.47.

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BackgroundMost scientific journals practise anonymous peer review. There is no evidence, however, that this is any better than an open system.AimsTo evaluate the feasibility of an open peer review system.MethodReviewers for the British Journal of Psychiatry were asked whether they would agree to have their name revealed to the authors whose papers they review; 408 manuscripts assigned to reviewers who agreed were randomised to signed or unsigned groups. We measured review quality, tone, recommendation for publication and time taken to complete each review.ResultsA total of 245 reviewers (76%) agreed to sign. Signed reviews were of higher quality, were more courteous and took longer to complete than unsigned reviews. Reviewers who signed were more likely to recommend publication.ConclusionsThis study supports the feasibility of an open peer review system and identifies such a system's potential drawbacks.

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