Journal articles: 'Randomised Block Design'

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Deshpande, Dr Vidya V. "Repeated Randomised Block Design." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jan2013/58.

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Deo, Sheela S., and A. V. Kharshikar. "Effect of Two Mixed up Yields in a Randomised Block Design." Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin 37, no. 1-2 (March 1988): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008068319880112.

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When two yields get mixed up in randomised block design, three different situations arise. Here we study one situation, where two observations from different blocks and different treatments get mixed up We give a test procedure for testing equality of treatment effects and compare the situation with one missing observation.

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Ross, N. "Randomised block design is more powerful than minimisation." BMJ 318, no. 7178 (January 23, 1999): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7178.263.

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Treasure, T., and K. D. MacRae. "Minimisation is much better than the randomised block design in certain cases." BMJ 318, no. 7195 (May 22, 1999): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7195.1420.

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Beattie, V. E., N. E. O'Connell, and B. W. Moss. "The influence of environmental enrichment on behaviour, performance and meat quality of domestic pigs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200003471.

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Environmental enrichment using substrates changes the behaviour of pigs by increasing the time spent exploring the environment and reducing the amount of penmate-directed behaviour (Beattie et al., 1995). The objective of the present study was to assess whether performance and meat quality are also affected by environmental enrichment.In a randomised block design, three-hundred and twenty Large White x Landrace pigs were allocated to one of two environmental treatments from birth to slaughter. Five blocks were used, each containing eight groups of eight pigs. In each block, four groups were reared in barren environments which had slatted floors and recommended space allowances.

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Souza, Emanuel Fernando Maia de, Luiz Alexandre Peternelli, and Márcio Henrique Pereira Barbosa. "Designs and model effects definitions in the initial stage of a plant breeding program." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 41, no. 3 (March 2006): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2006000300001.

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The objective of this work was to compare the relative efficiency of initial selection and genetic parameter estimation, using augmented blocks design (ABD), augmented blocks twice replicated design (DABD) and group of randomised block design experiments with common treatments (ERBCT), by simulations, considering fixed effect model and mixed model with regular treatment effects as random. For the simulations, eight different conditions (scenarios) were considered. From the 600 simulations in each scenario, the mean percentage selection coincidence, the Pearsons´s correlation estimates between adjusted means for the fixed effects model, and the heritability estimates for the mixed model were evaluated. DABD and ERBCT were very similar in their comparisons and slightly superior to ABD. Considering the initial stages of selection in a plant breeding program, ABD is a good alternative for selecting superior genotypes, although none of the designs had been effective to estimate heritability in all the different scenarios evaluated.

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Kumar, A., B. Bharti, J. Kumar, D. Bhatia, G. P. Singh, J. P. Jaiswal, and R. Prasad. "Improving the efficiency of wheat breeding experiments using alpha lattice design over randomised complete block design." Cereal Research Communications 48, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42976-020-00014-3.

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Kristensen, Kristian. "Incomplete split-plot designs based on α-designs: a compromise between traditional split-plot designs and randomised complete block design." Euphytica 183, no. 3 (December 12, 2010): 401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-010-0318-5.

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Cargnelutti Filho, Alberto, Cirineu Tolfo Bandeira, Gabriela Görgen Chaves, Jéssica Andiara Kleinpaul, Rafael Vieira Pezzini, Ismael Mario Márcio Neu, Andréia Procedi, and Rosana Marzari Thomasi. "Plot size and number of replications in Sudan grass." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 3 (April 7, 2020): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n3p783.

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The aim of this study was to determine the optimal plot size and the number of replications to evaluate fresh weight in Sudan grass [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.]. Twenty-six uniformity trials were carried out in two cultivars (BRS Estribo and CG Farrapo), in four sowing seasons (20 Dec, 20 Jan, 7 Feb and 24 Feb) and two methods for evaluating fresh weight (cutting and at flowering). The fresh weight was evaluated in 936 basic experimental units (BEU) (26 trials × 36 BEU per trial). One BEU comprised three rows of plants, 1 m in length (1.2 m2). The optimal plot size was determined using the maximum curvature method of the model of the coefficient of variation. For experiments in a completely randomised or randomised block design, in combinations of number of treatments and levels of experimental precision, the number of replications was determined by an iterative process. The optimal plot size to evaluate fresh weight in Sudan grass is 7.95 m2. Eight replications, to evaluate up to 50 treatments in a completely randomised or randomised block design, are sufficient to identify as significant at 0.05% probability by Tukey’s test, differences between the mean value of each treatment of 30.2% of the mean value of the experiment.

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Ramanathan, Shanthi A., Genevieve Baratiny, Nigel P. Stocks, Andrew M. Searles, and Russell J. Redford. "General practitioner referral patterns for women with gynaecological symptoms: a randomised incomplete block study design." Medical Journal of Australia 195, no. 10 (November 2011): 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja10.10867.

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O'Connell, N. E., V. E. Beattie, and B. W. Moss. "Effect of environmental enrichment on pig welfare as measured by physiological and pathological parameters." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620000346x.

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While it is accepted that environmental enrichment can improve the welfare of growing pigs by reducing harmful social behaviour (Beattie et al., 1995), the influence of environmental enrichment on physiological and pathological parameters remains unclear. The objective of this study was to monitor selected physiological and pathological parameters of pigs reared in barren and enriched environments.In a randomised block design, three-hundred and twenty Large White x Landrace pigs were allocated to one of two environmental treatments from birth to slaughter. Five blocks were used, each containing eight groups of eight pigs. In each block, four groups were reared in barren environments which had slatted floors and recommended space allowances. The remaining four groups were reared in enriched environments which had three times the recommended space allowance, solid floors partially bedded with peat and pigs had access to straw from a rack. Both environmental treatments were located in separate buildings.

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Bhandary, Madhusudan, and Hongying Dai. "An alternative test for the equality of variances for several populations in randomised complete block design." Statistical Methodology 11 (March 2013): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stamet.2012.08.002.

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Jirangrat, Wannita, Jing Wang, Sujinda Sriwattana, Hong Kyoon No, and Witoon Prinyawiwatkul. "The split plot with repeated randomised complete block design can reduce psychological biases in consumer acceptance testing." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 49, no. 4 (November 11, 2013): 1106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12406.

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Wood, Claire L., Michael Cole, Malcolm Donaldson, David B. Dunger, Ruth Wood, Niamh Morrison, John N. S. Matthews, Simon H. S. Pearce, Timothy D. Cheetham, and _. _. "Randomised trial of block and replace vs dose titration thionamide in young people with thyrotoxicosis." European Journal of Endocrinology 183, no. 6 (December 2020): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-20-0617.

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Objective First-line treatment of thyrotoxicosis in young people is thionamide anti-thyroid drug (ATD) in a blocking dose with levothyroxine replacement (block and replace, BR) or in a smaller dose tailored to render the patient euthyroid (dose titration, DT). Our objective was to determine which regimen provides more stable biochemical control. Design A multi-centre phase III, open-label randomised trial comparing BR with DT in patients aged 2–17 years with newly diagnosed thyrotoxicosis at 15 UK centres. Methods Patients were randomised shortly after diagnosis and treated for 3 years. The primary outcome was the percentage of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the reference range between 6 months and 3 years. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of Free thyroxine (FT4) levels in the reference range, adverse event frequency and 4 years outcome (remission/relapse). Results Eighty-two patients were randomised, with details on clinical course in 81 (62 Female); 40 were allocated to BR (41 DT). Three withdrew with one ineligible. The mean percentage of serum TSH within reference range was 60.2% in BR and 63.8% in DT patients; adjusted difference 4.3%, 95% CI (−7.8 to 16.4); P = 0.48. Proportions for FT4 were 79.2% in BR and 85.7% in DT patients; adjusted difference 6.8%, (−0.2 to 15.6); P = 0.13. Three patients developed neutropenia – all on BR. 6 BR and 10 DT patients were in remission at 4y. Conclusion This randomised trial has shown no evidence to suggest that BR, when managing the young patient with thyrotoxicosis, is associated with improved biochemical stability when compared to DT.

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Joshi, Disha, L. R. Yadav, Bhavna Singh Ratore, Hritik Srivastava, Ram Singh Verma, Biram Singh Gurjar, Mamta Yadav, Chetana Sharma, and Anchal Karol. "Enhancing Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Black Gram through Vermicompost and Vermiwash Application." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 9 (August 8, 2023): 3186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92563.

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A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash on the nutrient uptake and economics of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan) during Kharif, 2020. The treatments comprised different doses of vermicompost and vermiwash totaling 20 treatments. It was replicated 3 times in FRBD (factorial randomised block design). Results revealed that application of vermicompost 6.0 t/ha significantly enhanced the nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in seed and straw, protein content in seed, the nutrient uptake by seed, straw and total uptake. It also recorded significantly higher gross returns over lower levels. However, higher net returns were observed under vermicompost 4.5 t/ha application. Results further showed that application of vermiwash 15 % foliar spray at the time of flower initiation stage also resulted in significant increase in nutrient content in seed and straw, protein content in seed, nutrient uptake by seed and straw with highest total uptake, gross and net returns of black gram.

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Kumar, Mahesh, Santosh Kumar, Rajeshwari Sharma, and V. K. Dwivedi. "Effect of organic manure based on distillery compost, inorganic fertilizer and farm yard manure on the yield quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 2, no. 02 (November 26, 2017): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2017.2.2.21.

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The experiment was laid out in randomised block design (RBD)during the crop season of 2004 -05 and 2005-06 at the research farm of J.V.P.G. College, Baraut, Baghpat (U.P.) comprising 10 treatments with 3 replications. DEBPCFYM, combinations of DEBPC+FYM and inorganic fertilizer significantly increased seed yield. Biological yield and quality content of Indian mustard. Among the various treatments, application of FYM 5t/ha + DEBPC 3t/ ha recorded highest seed yield, biological yield and all the quality contents in both the years.

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Moots, R., F. Fortune, R. Jackson, T. Thornburn, A. Morgan, D. Carr, P. Murray, G. Wallace, and D. Situnayake. "POS0220 THE BIOBEHÇET’S TRIAL: OPTIMAL UTILISATION OF BIOLOGIC DRUGS IN BEHÇET’S DISEASE: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF INFLIXIMAB VS ALPHA INTERFERON, WITH GENOTYPING AND METABOLOMIC PROFILING, TOWARDS A STRATIFIED MEDICINES APPROACH TO TREATMENT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 337.1–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.1323.

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BackgroundHigh-quality randomised trials and predictive biomarkers are required to target therapy optimally in Behçet’s syndrome (BS) - especially with high cost biologics.ObjectivesUtilise a Bayesian approach to design and undertake a high quality randomised, head to head, controlled clinical trial of the two most widely used biologics for BS at the time of design of the trial: the anti-TNF infliximab and interferon alpha 2a Roferon and undertake an exploratory analysis of potential predictive biomarkers.MethodsA pragmatic, prospective, standard of care, single masked, randomised, two arm, parallel head-to-head trial, with the exploratory evaluation of potential biomarkers IFNL3 and IFNL4 SNPs for Roferon, and urinary metabolomics as biomarkers for response to infliximab. Patients with active BS (utilising ISG 1990 classification criteria), with inadequate response to or intolerance of first line treatment were randomised to infliximab (5mg/kg ivi every 6-8 weeks depending on organ involvement) or Roferon (subcutaneous injection: standard tapering dose). Primary outcome: modified Behçet’s disease activity index (mBDAI) at 12 weeks of therapy. Secondary outcomes: (a) mBDAI at 24 weeks, (b) significant improvement at 12 and 24 weeks in vitreous haze and best corrected visual acuity change; oral ulcer severity score; number of genital ulcers; arthritis pain; adverse events; reduction in dose of glucocorticoid; Quality of Life and Physician’s Global Assessment (disease activity). Sample size was calculated utilising a Bayesian analysis of covariance model (80% credible interval): initial sample size 45/arm (Bayesian power 90%). With anticipated 10% drop-out, recruitment of 100 patients was initially planned. Following recommendations to reduce the overall length of the trial, this was revised down to 80 patients (36/arm allowing for 10% drop out): 80% equi-tailed credibility interval, Bayesian power 88%. A stratified block randomisation scheme was employed, based on randomly permuted blocks, with random block sizes of 2 and 4. Patient follow up was undertaken at weeks 12 and 24, following standard of care.ResultsIn this first prospective head-to-head randomised controlled clinic trial of two biologic drugs in BS, infliximab and Roferon were equally effective, with a trend for minor benefit favouring infliximab for tolerability and treatment persistence. Genetic data suggested a potential association between patient outcome and carriage of either rs4803221 or rs7248668 variants in IFNL3 (IL-28B) gene locus in the Roferon-treated arm. However, statistical significance was lost when correcting for multiple testing. Metabolomic analysis identified potential markers for response to treatment with infliximab.ConclusionWe report an equivalent efficacy between infliximab and Roferon in refractory active BS, better tolerability of Roferon compared to that anticipated, together with the potential for a novel metabolomic biomarkers identifying a clinical response to infliximab.AcknowledgementsThis work was funded by a UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Efficiency and Mechanism Evaluation programme, 12/205 Very Rare Diseases/ EME:12/205/46Trial Registration: EudraCT: 2014-005390-36; ISRCTN: ISRCTN49793874Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

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Huang, Congcong, Xiaoguang Zhang, Chaoxuan Dong, Chunwei Lian, Jun Li, and Lingzhi Yu. "Postoperative analgesic effects of the quadratus lumborum block III and transversalis fascia plane block in paediatric patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip undergoing open reduction surgeries: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e038992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038992.

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Objective To evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of two novel regional nerve blocks in paediatric patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) after open reduction surgeries. Design Prospective, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Setting 2 tertiary teaching hospitals in China between August 2017 and July 2018. Participants 110 paediatric patients aged 2–10 years with DDH undergoing open reduction surgeries were recruited, 95 were randomised and 90 were included in the final analysis. Interventions Random assignment to quadratus lumborum block III (QLB III) group, transversalis fascia plane block (TFPB) group and the control (no region nerve block) group. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) Scale Scores. Secondary outcomes included perioperative opioid consumption, the time until first press of nurse-controlled analgesia/patient-controlled analgesia (NCA/PCA) pump and the total counts number of pressing, length of postanaesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, length of hospital stay, parental satisfaction with pain management and adverse events. Results Mean FLACC Scores were significantly lower in QLB III group and TFPB group while in the PACU and for 48 hours postoperatively, compared with control group (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, respectively). No differences were found for FLACC Scores between QLB III group and TFPB group, neither at rest (p=0.0402) nor while posture changing (p=0.0306). TFPB prolonged the first-time request for NCA/PCA analgesia, and decreased the total number of pressing counts, compared with QLB III (22.5 (16.2 to 28.7) vs 11.7 (6.6 to 16.8), p<0.0001; 2.4 (1.3 to 3.6) vs 3.8 (2.8 to 4.8), p=0.0111, respectively). No patient experienced any adverse events. Conclusions We suggested that both ultrasound-guided QLB III and TFPB should be considered as an option for perioperative analgesia in children with DDH undergoing open reduction surgeries. TFPB was superior to the QLB III because it prolonged the first-time request for NCA/PCA analgesia and decreased the total counts number of pressing. Trial registration number NCT03189966/2017.

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Amaral, N. O., L. G. M. Amaral, V. S. Cantarelli, E. T. Fialho, M. G. Zangeronimo, and P. B. Rodrigues. "Influence of maize particle size on the kinetics of starch digestion in the small intestine of growing pigs." Animal Production Science 55, no. 10 (2015): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14050.

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The kinetics of starch digestion in the small intestine, nutrient utilisation and the performance of growing pigs that were fed diets containing maize of different particle sizes were evaluated. For the performance evaluation, 42 barrows and females (initial weight: 30.5 ± 1.78 kg) were used in a randomised block design with three treatments [maize with different geometric mean diameters (GMD) of 550, 700 and 850 μm] and seven replications. To evaluate the kinetics of starch digestion, one animal from each experimental trial was sacrificed. The small intestine was removed and separated into five equal parts. The starch digestibility in each segment was determined. To determine the total digestibility and nitrogen balance, 24 barrows (initial weight: 41.3 ± 4.72 kg) were housed in metabolism cages in a randomised block design with three treatments and eight repetitions. The animals that were fed diets containing maize of 550-μm GMD exhibited better (P = 0.008) feed conversion. However, the digestion of starch was gradual and variable among the degrees of grinding that were tested. There were higher (P = 0.008; 0.005 and 0.009) digestible energy, dry matter digestibility and nitrogen uptake in diets containing the maize ground to 550 and 700 μm in GMD. Thus, the smallest GMD of maize (550 μm) that was used in diets for growing pigs improves feed conversion. GMD of 550, 700 and 850 μm of maize were associated with rapid, intermediate and slow starch digestion, respectively.

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Refaee, Hagar Hassanein, Amel Amel Hanafy Abo Elela, Maha Gamil Hanna, Mai Ahmed Ali, and Amira Mohamed El Khateeb. "Dexmedetomidine versus Magnesium as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine-Induced Caudal Block in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Trial." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2019): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.024.

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Background: Caudal block remains fundamental in pediatric anesthetic practice. It is very useful in a wide range of surgical procedures and has proved to have a remarkable safety record, But one of the major limitations of the single-injection technique is the relatively short duration of postoperative analgesia .Prolongation of caudal analgesia using single-shot technique has been achieved by the addition of various adjuvant. objectives: The aim of this work is to compare magnesium and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to bupivacaine-induced caudal block in children undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery. Study design: Randomized double blind trial Settings: pediatric OR of a tertiary care center Methods A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial included 36 children, aged between 1 and 7 years, scheduled for lower limb orthopedic surgery. Patients received general anesthesia in addition to caudal block. Patients were divided into three groups: Dexmedetomidine group (n=12): received 0.5 mL/Kg bupivacaine + 2 mcg/Kg dexmedetomidine, Magnesium group (n=12): received 0.5 mL/Kg bupivacaine + 50 mg magnesium, and control group (n=12): received 0.5 mL/Kg bupivacaine + normal saline. Patients were compared according to: duration of analgesia, pain scores, sedation scores, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. Results Both magnesium group and dexmedetomidine group showed better analgesic profile (duration of analgesia and pain scores) compared to the control group without significant difference between the two former groups. Dexmedetomidine group showed higher sedation score, lower mean arterial pressure and lower heart rate compared to other groups. limitations: 1- It is a single center study. 2- We used single dose for each drugs. 3- We performed as single shot caudal block; thus, we could not extrapolate our findings in continuous blocks. Conclusions Both magnesium (50mg) and dexmedetomidine (2 mcg/Kg) improved the analgesic profile of bupivacaine-induced caudal block in children. Dexmedetomidine administration was accompanied with higher sedation score and negative hemodynamic profile. Keywords Caudal block, children, Magnesium, Dexmedetomidine. BACKGROUND: Caudal block remains fundamental in pediatric anaesthetic practice. It is very useful in a wide range of surgical procedures and has proved to have a remarkable safety record, But one of the major limitations of the single-injection technique is the relatively short duration of postoperative analgesia. Prolongation of caudal analgesia using single-shot technique has been achieved by the addition of various adjuvant. AIM: This work aims to compare magnesium and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to bupivacaine-induced caudal block in children undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind trial. SETTINGS: Pediatric or of a tertiary care centre. METHODS: A double-blinded, randomised controlled trial included 36 children, aged between 1 and 7 years, scheduled for lower limb orthopaedic surgery. Patients received general anaesthesia in addition to the caudal block. Patients were divided into three groups: Dexmedetomidine group (n = 12): received 0.5 mL/Kg bupivacaine + 2 mcg/Kg dexmedetomidine, Magnesium group (n = 12): received 0.5 mL/Kg bupivacaine + 50 mg magnesium, and control group (n = 12): received 0.5 mL/Kg bupivacaine + normal saline. Patients were compared according to the duration of analgesia, pain scores, sedation scores, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. RESULTS: Both magnesium group and dexmedetomidine group showed better analgesic profile (duration of analgesia and pain scores) compared to the control group without significant difference between the two former groups. Dexmedetomidine group showed higher sedation score, lower mean arterial pressure and lower heart rate compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both magnesium (50 mg) and dexmedetomidine (2 mcg/Kg) improved the analgesic profile of bupivacaine-induced caudal block in children. Dexmedetomidine administration was accompanied with higher sedation score and negative hemodynamic profile.

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S.R, PAUL. "OPTIMUM DATES OF SOWING FOR FOXTAIL MILLET UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS IN LOWER BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY ZONE OF ASSAM." Madras Agricultural Journal 83, February (1996): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00983.

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In order to find out optimum dates of sowing of foxtail millet for Lower Brahmaptura Valley Zone of Assam, a field experiment was conducted during rubi, 1989-90 and 1990-91 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Gossaigaon with eight dates of sowing (16th, 26th December 5th, 15th, 25th January, 4th, 14th and 24th February) in randomised block design with three replications. The grain and straw yield were highest on 15th January sowing and decreased beyond this date. The optimum sowing time was found to be mid-January

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Fa'amatuainu, Walter, and Falaniko Amosa. "Dry matter accumulation and partitioning of two taro (Colocasia Esculenta (L.) Schott) cultivars under Inceptisol soils in Samoa." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 34, no. 2 (2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp16006.

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Taro (Colocasia esculenta) crop is widely grown throughout the humid tropics for its edible leaves, petioles and corms. In this research total dry matter (DM) accumulation and its partitioning between different plant parts were studied to determine their growth pattern over the plants’ life cycle (i.e. 35, 70, 105, 140 and 175 days after planting (DAP). An experiment with randomised complete block design (RCBD) having five treatments (DAP) and three replications (blocks) was setup for each of the two improved taro cultivars (Samoa 1 and Samoa 2). After harvest dry matter of each taro plant was estimated for its five parts: leaf blades, petioles, corms, roots and suckers. The data analysis showed that in both the cultivars the DM accumulation and its partitioning to different plant parts (i.e. the leaf blades (LDM), petioles (PDM), roots (RDM), corms (CDM) and suckers (SDM)) varied significantly (p

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Lewith, G. T. "Is electrodermal testing as effective as skin prick tests for diagnosing allergies? A double blind, randomised block design study." BMJ 322, no. 7279 (January 20, 2001): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7279.131.

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Swannell, Richard P. J., David Mitchell, D. Martin Jones, Stuart Petch, Ian M. Head, Kenneth Lee, Alyson Willis, and J. E. Lepo. "Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Fine Sediments." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-751.

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ABSTRACT Bioremediation of oil contamination has been shown to be effective for cobble and sandy shorelines. To assess the operational limitations of this technology, this project studied its potential to treat buried oil in fine sediments. The effectiveness of bioremediation by nutrient enrichment with water-soluble mineral fertilizers was quantified experimentally with a randomised block design with three replicate blocks. Each block consisted of an untreated control plot, a plot treated with fertilizer alone, an oiled plot, and an oiled plot treated with fertilizer. The sediment in each plot was retained in mesh enclosures and buried at a depth of 0.15 m. Weathered and emulsified Arabian Light crude oil was applied to the appropriate plots at 3.7 kg.m−−2. Bioremediation success was monitored by examining in situ CO2 production rates; changes in residual hydrocarbons normalized to 17?(H), 21?H)-hopane; and response of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms. Fertilizer treatments significantly increased the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (p = 0.0001) in the buried sediments. These conclusions were supported by in situ CO2 production data. Microbiological analyses showed that nutrient addition increased the numbers of hydrocarbon-degraders on the oiled plots tenfold. The results clearly showed that bioremediation can treat oil buried in fine sediment following a spill incident.

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Campos, Fleming Sena, Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo, Welson Lima Simões, Thieres George Freire da Silva, Miguel Júlio Machado Guimarães, Cleyton de Almeida Araújo, Amélia de Macedo, et al. "Characterisation and Recovery of Minerals in Silages of Sorghum IPA 2502 Irigated with Different Leaching Fractions of Brackish Water." Grasses 2, no. 2 (April 28, 2023): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/grasses2020007.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and recovery of minerals in silages of sorghum cv. IPA 2502 irrigated with different leaching fractions of brackish water. Sorghum cultivation was carried out in the field in a randomised block design, with four replications and four irrigation leaching fractions (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). From the harvested plant material, five silos per treatment, with five repetitions, were arranged in a completely randomised design for ensiling. Leaching fractions did not alter the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur in sorghum. The sodium content showed a quadratic response to the leaching fractions, which was also observed for iron, manganese, and chloride. In silage, an increasing linear effect was found for nitrogen, whereas for phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur, the contents were reduced with the addition of the leaching fraction. The contents of copper, iron, zinc, and chloride in silages responded in a quadratic way. The use of brackish water, especially the 15% leaching fraction, in the cultivation of sorghum enhances the mineral contents and the recovery of some macro- and micro-nutrients after the ensiling process.

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Shahjaiai, Md, K. J. Khan, M. A. Akbar, A. M. M. Tareque, and H. Galbraith. "Sesbania Leaves as Sole Feed for Growing Black Bengal Boats." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026799.

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Sesbania, a tropical legume browse, provides green foliage high in crude protein and low in crude fibre (Sen, Ray and Ranjhan, 1978). In Bangladesh two varieties of sesbania, Sesbania aculeata and a recently introduced African Sesbania rostrata are largely cultivated for green manuring in agricultural fields during kharif season. The leaves of sesbania may be used as good source of protein to supplement protein-poor roughages in ruminants diets. However, there is an extreme paucity of information on its nutritional value for goats. An attempt was therefore made to study the effect of feeding sesbania leaves as sole feed on growth performance and nutrient utilization in growing Black Bengal goats.Nine Black Bengal male castrated goats aged about 5 months and weighing 9.0 kg on average initially were used in a 56 day study.The goats were housed individually in a slatted floor and were introduced to the experimental feed over a period of 2 weeks.The animals were allocated at random to one of three dietary treatments in a randomised block design according to live weight.The control group A given road-side grass and the groups B and C offered green leaves of Sesbania aculeata and Sesbania rostrata, respectively.

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Ibarra-Jiménez, L., M. R. Quezada-Martín, and M. de la Rosa-Ibarra. "The effect of plastic mulch and row covers on the growth and physiology of cucumber." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 1 (2004): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02088.

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To determine the effectiveness of black plastic mulch alone and in combination with row covers, on growth and physiological changes of cucumber plants, 6 treatments were established in a randomised complete block design with 4 replications: bare soil (control); black polyethylene mulch alone (B); B plus a clear cover of perforated polyethylene (BRCP); B plus a white cover of perforated polyethylene (BRWP); B plus an Agribon cover of polypropylene (BRA); and B plus a Kimberly farm row cover (BRK). For the plants grown with mulch or mulch combined with row covers, the dry weight of leaves 50 days after seeding (DAS), and the dry weight of whole plants (at 50 and 110 DAS) were significantly (P<0.05) different from the control. Early yields of treatments B, BRCP, BRWP, BRA and BRK were 2.1, 1.9, 2.6, 1.9 and 2.4 times higher than the control, which yielded 10 t/ha. Total yields were increased by 9.7, 15.4, 19.8, 14.9 and 20 t/ha, over the control which yielded 104 t/ha. Increases in plant dry weight explained the changes in yield. Stomatal conductance may explain in part, the increase in photosynthetic rate, but may not explain yield increase.

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Kim, J., R. C. Campling, and M. E. Tarrant. "Evaluation of a slow release form of recombinantly derived bovine somatotropin (BST) in dairy cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600010229.

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Two experiments were conducted with British Friesian/Holstein cattle to evaluate the response in milk production to the long-term use of recombinantly derived bovine somatotropin in a slow release form (somidobove, Lilly Research Centre Ltd). The first compared three doses of BST and the second measured the effect of BST given to animals receiving two levels of concentrates.Thirty-eight and forty autumn calving cattle were used in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. A randomised block design was used in the first experiment and a 2 x 2 factorial in the second. Animals were blocked on the basis of similarity in calving date and milk yield during the preliminary period. Treatments were allocated at random within blocks, animals remained on the same treatment throughout each experiment. In experiment 1 animals received seven successive subcutaneous injections of BST at intervals of four weeks, the initial injection was given about 11 weeks after calving. A control and three doses of BST were compared: 320, 640 and 960 mg. In experiment 2 animals were given given six injections of 640 mg BST at the same intervals.

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GÜL, Hasan Hüseyin, and Hülya BAYRAK. "Tamamlanmış Blok ve Tamamen Rasgele Tasarımdan Oluşan Bir Karma Tasarımda Genel Alternatif için Önerilen Testler." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 22, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 560–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1107460.

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Rasgele tamamlanmış blok ve tamamen rasgele bloktan oluşan bir karma tasarım altında, genel alternatifleri test etmek için iki parametrik olmayan test önerilmiştir. Bu makalede, önerilen testler Doksum testi, uyarlanmış Page testi ve Friedman testlerinin kombinasyonlarıdır. Farklı konum parametreleri ve örnek çapları altında 4 ve 5 işlem etkilerinin testlerinin güçlerini tahmin etmek için bir simülasyon çalışması yapılmıştır. Deneysel I. Tip hata oranı ve testin gücü bakımından testlerin performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Simülasyon sonuçlarından, önerilen testlerden en az bir tanesinin diğer testlerden daha yüksek güç değerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Son olarak, önerilen testlerin kullanışlılığı, gerçek bir veri seti üzerinde uygulanmıştır.

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30

Piaggio, L., M. de J. Marichal, M. L. del Pino, and H. Deschenaux. "Growth rate of weaned lambs grazing brown midrib sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) supplemented with increasing levels of soybean meal." Animal Production Science 54, no. 9 (2014): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14190.

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The aim of the present study was to describe the relationship between increasing levels of soybean meal (SBM) supplementation and the growth rate of weaned lambs grazing brown midrib (BMR) sorghum. Sixty Corriedale weaned lambs (3 months old) were divided into 12 homogeneous groups and allocated into three blocks of BMR sorghum (stocking density: 50 lambs/ha) of four plots each. In each block, lambs were assigned (5 lambs/plot.block) to one of the following treatments: grazing sorghum, grazing sorghum + 115 g SBM/lamb.day, grazing sorghum + 230 g SBM/lamb.day, and grazing sorghum + 345 g SBM/lamb.day. Rotational grazing management was implemented. Lambs were weighed at the beginning of the experiment. Final bodyweight and average daily gain (ADG) were analysed according to a completely randomised block design. The relationship between SBM supplementation level and ADG was tested and a non-linear fit with a prediction model of first-order kinetics was determined. Supplemented lambs had a higher (P < 0.036) final bodyweight and presented higher (P < 0.001) ADG than did non-supplemented lambs (31 kg and 120 g/lamb.day vs 26 kg and 55 g/lamb.day in supplemented and non-supplemented lambs, respectively). An asymptotic ADG value estimated by the model of 143.26 g/lamb.day BMR sorghum appeared to be an adequate summer grazing alternative for weaning lambs. SBM supplementation would improve the performance of animals however the level of supplementation would depend on the productive goal.

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S, KRISHNASAMY, and KRISHNASAMY R. "INTERGATED WEED MANAGEMENT FOR THE PREMONSOON SOWN SORGHUM-COWPEA INTERCROPPING SYSTEM UNDER RAINFED VERTISOLS." Madras Agricultural Journal 83, May (1996): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01029.

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At the Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti, in rainfed vertisols, experiments were conducted to findout the effect of integrated weed management practice for pre monsoon sown sorghum cowpea intercropping system during 1992-93 and 1993-94 in a randomised block design. Different herbicides and their time of applicaiton formed the treatments. (The results revealed that butachlor applied at 1.00 kg or 0.75 kg aiha immediately after the receipt of sowing rain followed by one hand weeding on 40 days after sowing (DAS) recorded lesser weed density and increased grain yields of base crop sorghum and intercrop cowpea. Application of butachlor at 0.75 kg ai/ha with one had weeding on 40 DAS registered highest net returns in both the years.

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I, MUTHUCHAMY, and CHANDRASEKARAN D. "EFFECT OF UNDER GROUND TILE DRAINAGE ON YIELD OF ADT 36 RICE IN WET LAND SODIC SOIL." Madras Agricultural Journal 83, April (1996): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01007.

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A study was conducted at the Soil Salinity Research Centre, Trichy during 1986-1988 in two seasons to find out the efficiency of sub-surface drainage on reclamation of wet land sodic soil using rice ADT 36 Two levels of lateral spacing (10 m, 15 m) and two levels of depth of drains (60 cm, 90 cm) were incorporated in the experiment in a factorial randomised block design. The water used for irrigation and the soil types were sodic in nature. The clay pipes of 50 cm legth with 15 cm dia were used as drainage pipes. The plots with drain lines having lateral spacing 10 m burried at a depth 90 cm registered significantly the highest grain yield.

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Akhil, Golla, Vikram Singh, and Shruti G. George. "Evaluation of Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids under Agro-climatic Conditions of Prayagraj, U. P., India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 9 (July 11, 2023): 907–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92312.

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At the Crop Research Farm (CRF), Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (UP), a field experiment was carried out in the Kharif season of 2022 to examine the "Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under agro-climatic conditions of Prayagraj, U.P." Ten hybids make up the course of treatment. Ten treatments were reproduced three times, and the experiment was set up using a randomised block design. Compared to other hybrids, hybrid M-400 had the largest plant height (196.65 cm), dry weight (157.25 g/plant), number of cobs / plant (2.65), cob length (19.87 cm), number of grains / row (31.73/row), seed yield (8.64 t/ha), stover output (19.45 t/ha), and biological yield (28.09 t/ha).

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Anand, Rajnish, Sima Kumari, B. Sreedevi, and Neha Pareek. "Effect of integrated weed management on growth and yield of paddy." emergent Life Sciences Research 08, no. 01 (2022): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31783/elsr.2022.818083.

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Paddy is one of the imperative cereal crops of state Jharkhand and plays a crucial part in the economy. Paddy yield is drastically influenced by weeds infestation resulting decrease in output and productivity. The experiment was conducted at Chhotakipona village, Chitarpur Block, Ramgarh, Jharkhand during kharif season of 2018 using Randomised Block Design with 9 weed control methods T1- Weedy check, T2- Pretilachlore @ 0.75 kgha-1 as preemergence, T3- Pretilachlore@0.75 kgha-1 + Bispyribac Na@25gha-1 , T4- Pendimethalin @ 1 kgha-1 + 2,4-D @ 1.00 kgha-1 at 30 DAS, T5- Pendimethalin @ 1 kgha-1 as pre-emergence + Bispyribac Na @ 25 gha-1 , T6- Bispyribac Na @ 25 gha-1 as post-emergence at 20 DAS, T7- Hand weeding at 20 DAS + Hoeing at 40 DAS, T8- Two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAS and T9- weed free and replicated 3 times. The hand weeding and hoeing were carried out manually. Application of IWM (Integrated weed management) in paddy Pretilachlore@0.75 kgha-1 + Bispyribac Na@25gha-1 was recorded maximum yield attributes resulting in higher grain yield (4952 kgha-1 ).

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Joseph, G., A. Parakkasi, T. R. Muchtadi, and R. Priyanto. "EFFECT OF CALCIUM SOAP SUPLEMENT ON RUMINAL METABOLISM AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF LONGISIMUS MUSCLE IN LOCAL SHEEP." JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jhppk.2018.2.1.132.

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The experiment was carried out to study an effect of lipids in form of Ca-Soup which based on fish oil on ruminants. 15 local male sheep were devided into 3 treatments, namely: RA (basal diet without Ca-Soap) as control; RB (control diet + 5% Ca-Soap); and RC (control diet + 10% Ca-Soap). The basal diet was in pellet form which consisted of 40% field grass and 60% concentrate. The experiment design used was Randomised Block Design with 3 diet treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that the supplementation of Ca-Soap which using fish oil had significant effect on increasing of VFA total production, it could also improve the carcass quality and fatty acid ratio. Ca-Soap with fish oil base was effective as energy and polyunsaturated fatty acid sources in sheep diets. It was indicated by normal rumen metabolism and good performance.

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Huang, Xiao, Yuan Sun, Rong Shi, Danxu Ma, Anshi Wu, Yun Wang, and Yinan Yang. "Comparison of ultrasound-guided anterior quadratus lumborum block at the lateral supra-arcuate ligament with posterior quadratus lumborum block for perioperative analgesia in laparoscopic nephrectomy: a protocol for a randomised, prospective, parallel group, non-inferior trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 8 (August 2021): e048490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048490.

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ObjectiveAnterior quadratus lumborum block at the lateral supra-arcuate ligament (QLBA) is a new method for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Perioperative QLBA is effective, but it has not been compared with posterior quadratus lumborum block (QLB2). The present study aims to evaluate the postoperative pain of patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy surgery with QLBA versus QLB2.Methods/designThis study is a randomised, prospective, parallel group, non-inferior trial. All patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy surgery will be randomised 1:1 to the QLBA group or the QLB2 group with general anaesthesia. The objective of the trial is to evaluate the postoperative pain of patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy surgery with QLBA (n=50) versus QLB2 (n=50). The primary outcome for this trial is the Visual Analogue Scale scores at rest and activity (dynamic pain scores are assessed with a cough or a trial to sit up in bed) 2 hours after surgery between patients who receive QLBA versus QLB2. The secondary objectives will be to compare (1) pain at rest and activity 0.5 hour, 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours after surgery; (2) the time spent on block operation; (3) the blocked dermatomal coverage 5 min and 15 min after block operation; (4) intraoperative opioid consumption; (5) types and doses of the rescue analgesic after surgery; (6) nausea and vomiting score within 24 hours after surgery; (7) time from the end of surgery to the first onset significant pain; (8) patient satisfaction score.DiscussionClinical experience has supported that QLB is a very effective postoperative analgesic method, and we will answer the following questions in this trial: Will both approaches have the same analgesic effect and duration? Will the QLBA have a non-inferior postoperative analgesic effect compared with QLB2 or the QLBA be able to prolong the duration of analgesia after surgery? The results of this study could have actual clinical applications that could help to reduce postoperative pain and shorten hospital stays.Ethics and disseminationThe study design was approved by the ethical committee of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China (2020-ke-321). The trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000035354.

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ADEYEMI, Nurudeen, Olalekan SAKARIYAWO, and Muftau ATAYESE. "Yield and Yield Attributes Responses of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) to Elevated CO2 and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation in the Humid Transitory Rainforest." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb9210002.

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Variations in yield components and grain yield of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculated soybean varieties (Glycine max L. Merrill) grown in CO2 enriched environment in the humid rainforest were tested. A screen house trial was established with soybean varieties (‘TGx 1448-2E’, ‘TGx 1440-1E’ and ‘TGx 1740-2F’), AMF inoculation (with and without) and CO2 enrichment (350±50 ppm and 550±50 ppm) in open top chamber, arranged in completely randomised design, replicated three times. A field trial was also conducted; the treatments were arranged in a split-split plot configuration fitted into randomised complete block design. In the main plot the variant was CO2 enrichment, the sub-plot consisted of AMF inoculation (with and without), while the sub-sub plot consisted of soybean varieties, replicated three times. Both trials had significantly higher grain yield at elevated CO2 than ambient. This could be attributed to improved yield attributes, more spore count and root colonisation. In both trials, inoculated soybean had significantly higher dry pod weight than un-inoculated, which could suggest the increased grain yield observed on the field. AMF inoculated soybean varieties outperformed un-inoculated in both CO2 enriched and ambient concentrations. AMF inoculated soybean variety ‘TGx 1740-2F’ is most preferable in CO2 enriched environment, while variety ‘TGx 1448-2E’ had the most stable grain yield in all growth environments.

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Spetter, M. J., F. A. Ramiro, M. M. Della Rosa, C. S. Maglietti, J. G. Depetris, F. J. Santini, J. P. Raimondi, J. M. Roig, and E. Pavan. "Brown-midrib corn silage in finishing steer diet: effects on animal performance, in vivo digestibility and ruminal kinetics disappearance." Animal Production Science 59, no. 3 (2019): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17585.

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Lower lignin content in brown-midrib corn silage (BMRCS) than in conventional corn silage results in greater digestibility and dry-matter intake. Despite this advantage, the use of BMRCS has not been widely evaluated in beef cattle. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of BMRCS chopped at 22-mm as the main component (79% DM basis) for finishing steer diet on digestion, animal performance and ruminal kinetics disappearance. In a first trial, 56 Angus and crossbred steers (339 ± 18 kg initial bodyweight) were divided into 14 pens that were randomly assigned to one of the following two treatments: BMR total mixed ration (BMRT) or conventional total mixed ration. Data were analysed under a completely randomised design using pen as the experimental unit (n = 7). In a second trial, BMRCS and conventional corn silage were incubated (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 72 and 120 h) in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated cows. Data were analysed under a completely randomised block (cow) design. The inclusion of BMRCS in 79% corn silage diet for finishing steers improved total diet neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibility, but did not improve DM digestibility. While there was no significant improvement in animal performance, carcass yield was improved in BMRT. Future studies are needed to evaluate the improvement of carcass weight in steers fed BMRT.

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Sholehah, Diana Nurus, Eko Setiawan, Dini Ermavitalini, Miratul Khasanah, Edy Setiti Wida Utami, Sucipto Hariyanto, and Hery Purnobasuki. "Enhancing fruit quality of three Physalis sp. throughout foliar nutrition." Plant, Soil and Environment 68, No. 5 (May 27, 2022): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/107/2022-pse.

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Foliar nutrients containing macronutrients, micronutrients and a combination of both were applied to Physalis peruviana, P. alkekengi and P. ixocarpa to determine their effect on fruit quality. A randomised complete block design study was conducted in a greenhouse on Madura Island, Indonesia. This study showed significant interactions between Physalis species and foliar nutrition to the physicochemical character of the fruit. Each species responded differently to the given nutrients. The combination of 1 g/L macronutrient (P and K) and 0.0625 g/L micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, B, Mo and Mn) resulted in the highest fruit antioxidant activity, vitamin C, total soluble solids and redness of the three Physalis species. Generally, macronutrients and micronutrients in combination can be recommended to increase the quality of Physalis fruit.

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Yaqoob, Muhammad. "The Resistance of Exotic Wheat Germplasm to Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) under Nature Infection at Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 59, no. 1 (April 26, 2016): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.59.1.2016.44.47.

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An experiment comprising of 49 exotic wheat germ plasm accessions was conducted at AridZone Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan under rainfed condition during 2013-14 for theirresistance against stripe rust disease. The trial was laid out in randomised complete block design with threereplications. All entries were planted in a four-row plot with 3 m for row length and 25 cm for space amongrows. A local susceptible check was repeatedly sown after every 10 test entries. The crop was maintainedunder rainfed conditions. Results revealed that all the exotic genotypes were genetically divergent inresponse to stripe rust disease. The disease score ranged from very highly susceptible to very highlyresistant. Among 49 exotic lines, 27 exhibited from very highly resistant while 10 were susceptible to veryhighly susceptible.

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Mohamad Bukhori, Mohamad Fhaizal, Hawa Jaafar, Ali Ghasemzadeh, Uma Rani Sinniah, and Gayatri Karipaya. "Preliminary Study on the Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation on Phytochemical Content Quality of Gynura procumbens." Tropical Life Sciences Research 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2021.32.3.5.

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The study was carried out to examine the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilisation on phytochemical content quality, to determine types of phytochemicals compositions, and to establish phytochemicals marker compounds in Gynura procumbens. In this two factors study, three stages of harvesting (H) time and three rates of N were laid out according to Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD). Physiological and biochemical attributes were recorded to exhibit the trend for plant quality. The results showed that, N has affected phytochemical content significantly (p < 0.05) with stronger effect on physiological and biochemical attributes (p < 0.01). The results suggested that 0 and 90 kg/ha N, respectively are highly and least effecting the Photo, Cond, TChlC, TCC, TPrc, TLiC, TPC and TFC.

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42

Mohamad Bukhori, Mohamad Fhaizal, Hawa Jaafar, Ali Ghasemzadeh, Uma Rani Sinniah, and Gayatri Karipaya. "Preliminary Study on the Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation on Phytochemical Content Quality of Gynura procumbens." Tropical Life Sciences Research 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2021.32.3.5.

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The study was carried out to examine the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilisation on phytochemical content quality, to determine types of phytochemicals compositions, and to establish phytochemicals marker compounds in Gynura procumbens. In this two factors study, three stages of harvesting (H) time and three rates of N were laid out according to Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD). Physiological and biochemical attributes were recorded to exhibit the trend for plant quality. The results showed that, N has affected phytochemical content significantly (p < 0.05) with stronger effect on physiological and biochemical attributes (p < 0.01). The results suggested that 0 and 90 kg/ha N, respectively are highly and least effecting the Photo, Cond, TChlC, TCC, TPrc, TLiC, TPC and TFC.

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43

Zewdu, Tessema, Robert Baars, Alemu Yami, and Dawit Negassa. "In sacco dry matter and nitrogen degradation and their relationship with in vitro dry matter digestibility of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) as influenced by height of plant at cutting." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 1 (2002): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01018.

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In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) as well as in sacco rumen dry matter degradability (DMD) and nitrogen degradability (ND) studies of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) were carried out using a 3 3 factorial experiment arranged in a randomised complete block design with 3 replications. The treatments were 3 levels of nitrogen (N) fertiliser (0, 46, bacterium Synergistes jonesii is known to degrade these compounds and inoculation of the bacterium into the rumen protects cattle against mimosine and DHP toxicity. We report on the development, production, and storage of an in vitro, fermentor-based, mixed bacterial inoculum, which includes S. jonesii, for administration to cattle. This technique may be applicable to the production and delivery of other live, anaerobic, bacterial inocula for use in animal agriculture.

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C.M, MISHRA. "EFFECT OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON GROUNDNUT." Madras Agricultural Journal 81, september (1994): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01563.

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In order to study the effect of fertilizer nutrients on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). field trials were conducted during kharif with five, treatments i.e. control. 50. 75. 100 and 150 per cent of recommended doses of fertilizers in randomised block design. Application of 20:80:20 NP z 05. K20 kg/ha (100% of recomended dose) resulted in 21. 10, 23 and 98 per cent increase in pod yield over 150,75, 50% of recommended dose and control respectively. The haulm, oil yield kg/ha. shelling per cent, 100 kemel weight (g) and SMK % were also higher with this dose. In higher dose. of NPK (150% of recommendation) a decline in pod, haulm, oil yield and in all studied characters was observed.

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C.M, MISHRA. "EFFECT OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON GROUNDNUT." Madras Agricultural Journal 81, september (1994): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01563.

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In order to study the effect of fertilizer nutrients on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). field trials were conducted during kharif with five, treatments i.e. control. 50. 75. 100 and 150 per cent of recommended doses of fertilizers in randomised block design. Application of 20:80:20 NP z 05. K20 kg/ha (100% of recomended dose) resulted in 21. 10, 23 and 98 per cent increase in pod yield over 150,75, 50% of recommended dose and control respectively. The haulm, oil yield kg/ha. shelling per cent, 100 kemel weight (g) and SMK % were also higher with this dose. In higher dose. of NPK (150% of recommendation) a decline in pod, haulm, oil yield and in all studied characters was observed.

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Onwubiko, Nwakuche Chinenye. "Genetic diversity in Bambara groundnut {Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.}." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2021-0009.

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Abstract Bambara groundnut is a grain legume with enormous morphological variability. In order to genetically establish the variation that exists in this crop, an assessment of genetic diversity was therefore carried out with 20 accessions of Bambara groundnut collected from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan. The design of the experiment was randomised complete block design with three replications. Results from analysis of variance (ANOVA), and principal component analysis (PCA) showed outstanding genetic diversity among the collections. The first four principal components accounted for 91.89% of the total variability. Cluster analysis and the dendrogram discretely grouped the accessions into four genetically distinct groups. One accession TVSU 353 singly formed a group in cluster analysis and dendrogram, which implies that TVSU 353 was genetically distinct from the rest of the accessions. Morphological characters assessed provided a useful measure of genetic differences among Bambara groundnut accessions, which can facilitate identification and selection of potential breeding lines for crop improvement as well as germplasm conservation.

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Tavakoli, H., S. S. Mohtasebi, A. Rajabipour, and M. Tavakoli. "Effects of moisture content, loading rate, and grain orientation on fracture resistance of barley grain." Research in Agricultural Engineering 55, No. 3 (September 22, 2009): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6/2009-rae.

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Force and deformation curves of agricultural materials must be provided for the proper design of harvesting and processing machineries. In this research, the fracture resistance of barley grain was measured in terms of the grain rupture force and energy. In this study, 8 treatments were performed as a randomised complete block design with 10 replications. The barley grains were quasi-statically loaded in horizontal and vertical orientations with the moisture content at four levels: 7.34, 12.11, 16.82, and 21.58% dry basis, and loading rates at two levels: 5 and 10 mm/min. Based on the results obtained, the force required for initiating the grain rupture decreased from 161.97 to 93.94 N, and from 75.37 to 50.16 N, and the energy absorbed at the grain rupture increased from 36.42 to 74.70 mJ and from 27.34 to 62.65 mJ, for horizontal and vertical orientations, respectively, with the increase in the moisture content from 7.34 to 21.58% dry basis. This showed that seeds are more flexible in the horizontal orientation.

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Wibisono, Y., Y. Hadiyan, L. Haryjanto, Bastoni, and I. Muslimin. "Early growth and genetic performance of Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp cumingiana) conservation plot: an endemic peatland species in South Sumatera." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1192, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1192/1/012004.

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Abstract Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp cumingiana), is one of the endemic species that is under threat. A conservation plot was developed in the Banyuasin regency. It was designed as Gelam’s genetic conservation area and seed producing area in the near future. The plot was developed in Randomised Completely Block Design and consisted of 60 families, collected from Banyuasin and Bangka regency. It was stretched for 5 tree plots, 6 blocks, and 3x3 m of spacing. A preliminary study has been taken to record and evaluate Gelam’s growth over its genetic variation. It was shown that the survival of the species might vary (23% to 90%) with the population collected from Banyuasin performing a slightly better average. Further, the growth variation did not significantly differ between the two origins while the families affect performed significantly. The family heritability of the growth was moderate for height (h2f = 0.60) and low for diameter (h2f = 0.25) while its genetic correlation was strong (0.76). Through adequate technical support and suitable development strategy, this plot can be designed to provide the improved seed to boost degraded peatland rehabilitation in the region.

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Ijaz Ahmad Sheikh, Samina Aslam, Humaira Ahmad, Ayesha Ahmad, Amna Tariq, and Kashif Ilyas. "Mini dose bupicaine-buprenorphine vs bupicane for spinal anesthesia in orthopedic surgery." Professional Medical Journal 29, no. 08 (July 31, 2022): 1122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2022.29.08.6788.

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Objective: To compare the effect of adding buprenorphine with small dose of isobaric bupivacaine on hemodynamics and duration of analgesia with bupivacaine alone in spinal anesthesia. Study Design: Randomised Controlled Trial. Setting: Allied and Abwa Hospital Faisalabad. Period: September 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: Sixty elderly pts. ASA III or IV undergoing hip surgery were selected randomly and divided into two groups A and B. pts received either small dose of isobaric bupivacaine 3.5 mg along with 120 micrograms buprenophine or 10 mg isobaric bupivacaine alone. Pts. were given 250 ml normal saline prior to spinal anesthesia administration. Level of block noted. Blood pressure, Heart rate, respiratory rate, Spo2, ECG monitored. BP and HR every 5 min recorded comparison done at 5 min of block and 20 min after block. Duration of postoperative analgesia noted for 24 hrs. Results: Comparing the two groups showed that 50% pts. in group B had a drop in systolic Bp at 5 minutes after block while none had in group A. (p value 0.000) agter 20 min. 43.3 % pts had a drop in systolic BP in group B while only 3.3 % had it in group A. (p value 0.005). Duration of postoperative analgesia was upto 18 hrs in group A with minimum till 12 hrs. While in group B it was maximum 8 hrs with minimum 5 hrs. Conclusion: Addition of buprenorphine with small dose bupivacaine results in stable hemoynamics and prolonged post-operative analgesia compared to large dose of bupivacaine alone.

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Muyobela, Jackson, Christian W. W. Pirk, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Njelembo J. Mbewe, and Catherine L. Sole. "A novel vehicle-mounted sticky trap; an effective sampling tool for savannah tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): e0009620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009620.

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Background Black screen fly round (BFR) is a mobile sampling method for Glossina morsitans. This technique relies on the ability of operator(s) to capture flies landing on the screen with hand nets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a vehicle-mounted sticky panel trap (VST) that is independent of the operator’s ability to capture flies against BFR, for effective and rapid sampling of G. m. morsitans Westwood and G. m. centralis Machado. We also determined the influence of the VST colour (all-blue, all-black or 1:1 blue-black), orientation and presence of odour attractants on tsetse catch. Methodology/Principal findings Using randomised block design experiments conducted in Zambia, we compared and modelled the number of tsetse flies caught in the treatment arms using negative binomial regression. There were no significant differences in the catch indices of the three colour designs and for in-line or transversely oriented panels for both subspecies (P > 0.05). When baited with butanone and 1-octen-3-ol, VST caught 1.38 (1.11–1.72; P < 0.01) times more G. m. centralis flies than the un-baited trap. Attractants did not significantly increase the VST catch index for G. m. morsitans (P > 0.05). Overall, the VST caught 2.42 (1.91–3.10; P < 0.001) and 2.60 (1.50–3.21; P < 0.001) times more G. m. centralis and G. m. morsitans respectively, than the BFR. The VST and BFR took 10 and 35 min respectively to cover a 1 km transect. Conclusion/Significance The VST is several times more effective for sampling G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis than the BFR and we recommend its use as an alternative sampling tool.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Randomised Block Design'

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