Relevant bibliographies by topics / Randomised Block Design

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Randomised Block Design'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 8 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Randomised Block Design"

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Deshpande, Dr Vidya V. "Repeated Randomised Block Design." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jan2013/58.

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Deo, Sheela S., and A. V. Kharshikar. "Effect of Two Mixed up Yields in a Randomised Block Design." Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin 37, no. 1-2 (March 1988): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008068319880112.

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When two yields get mixed up in randomised block design, three different situations arise. Here we study one situation, where two observations from different blocks and different treatments get mixed up We give a test procedure for testing equality of treatment effects and compare the situation with one missing observation.
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Ross, N. "Randomised block design is more powerful than minimisation." BMJ 318, no. 7178 (January 23, 1999): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7178.263.

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Treasure, T., and K. D. MacRae. "Minimisation is much better than the randomised block design in certain cases." BMJ 318, no. 7195 (May 22, 1999): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7195.1420.

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Beattie, V. E., N. E. O'Connell, and B. W. Moss. "The influence of environmental enrichment on behaviour, performance and meat quality of domestic pigs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200003471.

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Environmental enrichment using substrates changes the behaviour of pigs by increasing the time spent exploring the environment and reducing the amount of penmate-directed behaviour (Beattie et al., 1995). The objective of the present study was to assess whether performance and meat quality are also affected by environmental enrichment.In a randomised block design, three-hundred and twenty Large White x Landrace pigs were allocated to one of two environmental treatments from birth to slaughter. Five blocks were used, each containing eight groups of eight pigs. In each block, four groups were reared in barren environments which had slatted floors and recommended space allowances.
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Souza, Emanuel Fernando Maia de, Luiz Alexandre Peternelli, and Márcio Henrique Pereira Barbosa. "Designs and model effects definitions in the initial stage of a plant breeding program." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 41, no. 3 (March 2006): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2006000300001.

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The objective of this work was to compare the relative efficiency of initial selection and genetic parameter estimation, using augmented blocks design (ABD), augmented blocks twice replicated design (DABD) and group of randomised block design experiments with common treatments (ERBCT), by simulations, considering fixed effect model and mixed model with regular treatment effects as random. For the simulations, eight different conditions (scenarios) were considered. From the 600 simulations in each scenario, the mean percentage selection coincidence, the Pearsons´s correlation estimates between adjusted means for the fixed effects model, and the heritability estimates for the mixed model were evaluated. DABD and ERBCT were very similar in their comparisons and slightly superior to ABD. Considering the initial stages of selection in a plant breeding program, ABD is a good alternative for selecting superior genotypes, although none of the designs had been effective to estimate heritability in all the different scenarios evaluated.
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Kumar, A., B. Bharti, J. Kumar, D. Bhatia, G. P. Singh, J. P. Jaiswal, and R. Prasad. "Improving the efficiency of wheat breeding experiments using alpha lattice design over randomised complete block design." Cereal Research Communications 48, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42976-020-00014-3.

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Kristensen, Kristian. "Incomplete split-plot designs based on α-designs: a compromise between traditional split-plot designs and randomised complete block design." Euphytica 183, no. 3 (December 12, 2010): 401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-010-0318-5.

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Cargnelutti Filho, Alberto, Cirineu Tolfo Bandeira, Gabriela Görgen Chaves, Jéssica Andiara Kleinpaul, Rafael Vieira Pezzini, Ismael Mario Márcio Neu, Andréia Procedi, and Rosana Marzari Thomasi. "Plot size and number of replications in Sudan grass." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 3 (April 7, 2020): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n3p783.

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The aim of this study was to determine the optimal plot size and the number of replications to evaluate fresh weight in Sudan grass [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.]. Twenty-six uniformity trials were carried out in two cultivars (BRS Estribo and CG Farrapo), in four sowing seasons (20 Dec, 20 Jan, 7 Feb and 24 Feb) and two methods for evaluating fresh weight (cutting and at flowering). The fresh weight was evaluated in 936 basic experimental units (BEU) (26 trials × 36 BEU per trial). One BEU comprised three rows of plants, 1 m in length (1.2 m2). The optimal plot size was determined using the maximum curvature method of the model of the coefficient of variation. For experiments in a completely randomised or randomised block design, in combinations of number of treatments and levels of experimental precision, the number of replications was determined by an iterative process. The optimal plot size to evaluate fresh weight in Sudan grass is 7.95 m2. Eight replications, to evaluate up to 50 treatments in a completely randomised or randomised block design, are sufficient to identify as significant at 0.05% probability by Tukey’s test, differences between the mean value of each treatment of 30.2% of the mean value of the experiment.
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Ramanathan, Shanthi A., Genevieve Baratiny, Nigel P. Stocks, Andrew M. Searles, and Russell J. Redford. "General practitioner referral patterns for women with gynaecological symptoms: a randomised incomplete block study design." Medical Journal of Australia 195, no. 10 (November 2011): 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja10.10867.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Randomised Block Design"

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Osafo, Mamfe. "Nonparametric Test for Nondecreasing Order Alternatives in Randomized Complete Block and Balanced Incomplete Block Mixed Design." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31936.

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Nonparametric tests are used to test hypotheses when the data at hand violate one or more of the assumptions for parametric tests procedures. The test is an ordered alternative (nondecreasing) when there is prior information about the data. It assumes that the underlying distributions are of the same type and therefore differ in location. For example, in dose-response studies, animals are assigned to k groups corresponding to k doses of an experimental drug. The effect of the drug on the animals is likely to increase or decrease with increasing doses. In this case, the ordered alternative is appropriate for the study. In this paper, we propose eight new nonparametric tests useful for testing against nondecreasing order alternatives for a mixed design involving randomized complete block and balanced incomplete block design. These tests involve various modifications of the Jonckheere-Terpstra test (Jonckheere(1952), Terpstra(1954)) and Alvo and Cabilio’s test (1995). Three, four and five treatments were considered with different location parameters under different scenarios. For three and four treatments, 6,12, and 18 blocks were used for the simulation, while 10, 20, and 30 blocks were used for five treatments. Different tests performed best under different block combinations, but overall the standardized last for Alvo outperformed the other test when the number of treatments and number of missing observations per block increases. A simulation study was conducted comparing the powers of the various modification of Jonckheere-Terpstra (Jonckheere(1952), Terpstra(1954)) and Alvo and Cabilio’s (1995) tests under different scenarios. Recommendations are made.
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Hemmer, Michael Toshiro. "Nonparametric Test for the Umbrella Alternative in a Randomized Complete Block and Balanced Incomplete Block Mixed Design." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26696.

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Nonparametric tests have served as robust alternatives to traditional statistical tests with rigid underlying assumptions. If a researcher expects the treatment effects to follow an umbrella alternative, then the test developed in this research will be applicable in the Balanced Incomplete Block Design (Hemmer’s test). It is hypothesized that Hemmer’s test will prove to be more powerful than the Durbin test when the umbrella alternative is true. A mixed design consisting of a Balanced Incomplete Block Design and a Randomized Complete Block Design will also be considered, where two additional test statistics are developed for the umbrella alternative. Monte Carlo simulation studies were conducted using SAS to estimate powers. Various underlying distributions were used with 3, 4, and 5 treatments, and a variety of peaks and mean parameter values. For the mixed design, different ratios of complete to incomplete blocks were considered. Recommendations are given.
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Ndungu, Alfred Mungai. "Nonparametric Tests for the Non-Decreasing and Alternative Hypotheses for the Incomplete Block and Completely Randomized Mixed Design." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27376.

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This research study proposes a solution to deal with missing observations which is a common problem in real world datasets. A nonparametric approach is used because of its ease of use relative to the parametric approach that beleaguer the user with firm assumptions. The study assumes data is in an Incomplete Block (IBD) and Completely Randomized (CRD) Mixed Design. The scope of this research was limited to three, four and five treatments. Mersenne - Twister (2014) simulations were used to vary the design and to estimate the test statistic powers. Two test statistics are proposed if the user expects a non – decreasing order of differences in treatment means. They are both applicable in the cited mixed design. The tests combine Alvo and Cabilio (1995) and Jonckheere – Terpstra ((Jonckheere (1954), Terpstra (1952)) in two ways: standardizing the sum of the standardized statistics and standardizing the sum of the unstandardized statistics. Results showed that the former is better. Three tests are proposed for the umbrella alternative. The first, Mungai’s test, is only applicable in an IBD. The other two tests combine Mungai’s and Mack – Wolfe (1981) using the same methods described in the previous paragraph. The same conclusion holds except when the size of the IBD’s sample was equal to or greater than a quarter that of the CRD.
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Cerniglia, Andrew J. "The deliberate practice of procedural nursing skills: Effects of block-random sequencing on long-term retention." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1573243637786433.

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Tomaz, Pamela Kerlyane. "Altura de planta como estratégia de colheita do capim mombaça para ensilagem associada ou não a diferentes combinações de aditivos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152489.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A altura da planta apresenta uma alta correlação com a estrutura do pasto. Por esta razão, levar em consideração a altura da pastagem tem sido uma estratégia muito melhor no gerenciamento rotativo de estocagem em pastagens tropicais do que considerando dias predefinidos de crescimento. Da mesma forma, a altura da pastagem pode ser usada para determinar o momento em que as gramíneas tropicais apresentam os melhores parâmetros de ensilabilidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a altura de crescimento máximo da planta de Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça (Capim Mombaça) que fornece a maior capacidade de fermentação (CF) e definir a combinação de aditivos que melhora a composição química da silagem. Dois experimentos foram realizados em Selvíria, MS, Brasil, de 2015 a 2016. O primeiro ano foi usado para identificar a CF mais alta e o segundo ano foi usado para identificar a melhor combinação de oito aditivos (polpa cítrica (PC), homo e heterofermentativo LAB, suas combinações e controle). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com SAS (P <0,05) e um contraste foi definido como silagem com PC versus silagem sem PC. A altura de 130 cm resultou na maior CF (31,01). As silagens inoculadas com PC apresentaram melhor qualidade do que as silagens sem PC, devido à alta proteína bruta (8,3 vs. 7,3% MS), recuperação de MS (98,6 vs. 93,3% MS) e baixo valores de pH (3,92 vs. 4,91) e NH3-N (2,49 vs. 14,73% de N total). A altura da planta é um parâmetro consistente para determinar o tempo de ensilagem do Capim Mombaça e a inclusão do PC é necessária para aumentar a qualidade da silagem.
The sward height presents a high correlation with the pasture sward structure. For this reason, taking the sward height into account has been a much better strategy in rotational stocking management in tropical grasslands than considering predefined days of growth. Similarly, the sward height could be used to determine the moment when the tropical grasses present the best ensilability parameters. This study aimed to identify the sward height of Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça (Guinea grass) that provides the highest fermentability coefficient (FC) and to define the combination of additives that improves the chemical composition of silage. Two trials were carried out in Selvíria, MS, Brazil from 2015 to 2016. The first year was used to identify the highest FC and the second year was used to identify the best combination of eight additives [citrus pulp (CIP), homo and heterofermentative LAB, their combinations, and control]. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS (P < 0.05) and one contrast was defined as silage with CIP versus silage without CIP. The height of 130 cm resulted in the highest FC (31.01). Silages inoculated with CIP had a better quality than silages without CIP, due to the high crude protein (8.3 vs. 7.3 % DM), DM recovery (98.6 vs. 93.3 % DM), and the low pH (3.92 vs. 4.91), and NH3-N values (2.49 vs. 14.73 % total N). The sward height is a consistent parameter to determine the time of ensiling Guinea grass and the inclusion of CIP is necessary to raise the silage quality.
FAPESP: 2014/10356-0
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Eatwell, Karen Anne. "Remediation of instability in Best Linear Unbiased Prediction." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40245.

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In most breeding programmes breeders use phenotypic data obtained in breeding trials to rank the performance of the parents or progeny on pre-selected performance criteria. Through this ranking the best candidates are identified and selected for breeding or production purposes. Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP), is an efficient selection method to use, combining information into a single index. Unbalanced or messy data is frequently found in tree breeding trial data. Trial individuals are related and a degree of correlation is expected between individuals over sites, which can lead to collinearity in the data which may lead to instability in certain selection models. A high degree of collinearity may cause problems and adversely affect the prediction of the breeding values in a BLUP selection index. Simulation studies have highlighted that instability is a concern and needs to be investigated in experimental data. The occurrence of instability, relating to collinearity, in BLUP of tree breeding data and possible methods to deal with it were investigated in this study. Case study data from 39 forestry breeding trials (three generations) of Eucalyptus grandis and 20 trials of Pinus patula (two generations) were used. A series of BLUP predictions (rankings) using three selection traits and 10 economic weighting sets were made. Backward and forward prediction models with three different matrix inversion techniques (singular value decomposition, Gaussian elimination - partial and full pivoting) and an adapted ridge regression technique were used in calculating BLUP indices. A Delphi and Clipper version of the same BLUP programme which run with different computational numerical precision were used and compared. Predicted breeding values (forward prediction) were determined in the F1 and F2 E. grandis trials and F1 P. patula trials and realised breeding performance (backward prediction) was determined in the F2 and F3 E. grandis trials and F2 P. patula trials. The accuracy (correlation between the predicted breeding values and realised breeding performance) was estimated in order to assess the efficiency of the predictions and evaluate the different matrix inversion methods. The magnitude of the accuracy (correlations) was found to mostly be of acceptable magnitude when compared to the heritability of the compound weighted trait in the F1F2 E. grandis scenarios. Realised genetic gains were also calculated for each method used. Instability was observed in both E. grandis and P. patula breeding data in the study, and this may cause a significant loss in realised genetic gains. Instability can be identified by examining the matrix calculated from the product of the phenotypic covariance matrix with its inverse, for deviations from the expected identity pattern. Results of this study indicate that it may not always be optimal to use a higher numerical precision programme when there is collinearity in the data and instability in the matrix calculations. In some cases, where there is a large amount of collinearity, the use of a higher precision programme for BLUP calculations can significantly increase or decrease the accuracy of the rankings. The different matrix inversion techniques particularly SVD and adapted ridge regression did not perform much better than the full pivoting technique. The study found that it is beneficial to use the full pivoting Gaussian elimination matrix inversion technique in preference to the partial pivoting Gaussian elimination matrix inversion technique for both high and lower numerical precision programmes.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Genetics
unrestricted
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ZIAO, MENG-PING, and 蕭夢萍. "Combined analysis of two split-split plot design in randomized block layout with correlated errors and unequal number of sub-subtreatment levels." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48715837015769318091.

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Pu-ChunMo and 莫普淳. "Effects of Robot-Assisted Training on the Improvement of the Upper Limb Motor and Activity of Daily Living functions in Patients with Stroke: a Randomized Block Design Study." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6buuk2.

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碩士
國立成功大學
職能治療學系
103
Robot-assisted training (RT) is a new strategy which provides to improve stroke patient’s motor functions in the upper extremity (UE). Although some evidences demonstrate that RT could improve UE motor functions, most RT interventions are designed for training the limb movement abilities only without emphasis on the training for ADL functions. To complement this insufficiency, Armeo®Spring is an innovative design which is combined the robotic mechanism with a visual interaction interface. Moreover, to evaluate more detailed and objective information for movement improvements, kinematic parameters were measured by a motion capture system. In this study, the randomized control trial with blocked design was used to compare the performances between RT group and convention OT group (CT group). Eighteen chronic stroke patients, nine in the RT group and nine in the CT group, were recruited in this study. All subjects received the intervention for one hour in every session, 2~3 sessions per week. A complete intervention lasted 4~6 weeks. Researchers evaluated the subject’s performances two times, pre- and post- intervention, during the studying period. The apparatuses and parameters such as Fugl-Myer motion assessment UE part (FMA), Bathel Index (BI), Manual Ability Measure (MAM) and parameters of kinematics, e.g. movement time, movement unit, path ratio and arm-trunk coordination, were used in the experiment. The results showed the FMA in the RT group had significant improvement but not in the CT group. In addition, the results of the BI and MAM did not find the significant difference between pre- and post-intervention in both groups. Most kinematic parameters did not find the significant improvement after intervention. In conclusions, this study showed that the robot-assisted training helps stroke patients improve their UE motor function after receiving a12-hours intervention. In the future, a larger sample size and longer follow-up study should be considered and carried out for establishing more concrete evidence.
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Xu, Hai. "Structural Modeling and Analysis of Structures in Aorta Images." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-9779.

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Morphology change analysis of aorta images acquired from biological experiments plays a critical role in exploring the relationship between lamina thickness (LT), interlamellar distance (ILD) and fragmentation (furcation points) with respect to pathological conditions. An automated software tool now is available to extract elastic laminae (EL) and measure LT, ILD and fragmentation along their ridge lines in a fine detailed aspect. A statistical randomized complete block design (RCBD) and F-test were used to assess potential (non)-uniformity of LT and ILD along both radial and circumferential directions. Illustrative results for both normotensive and hypertensive thoracic porcine aorta revealed marked heterogeneity along the radial direction in nearly stress-free samples. Quantifying furcation point densities were also found that can offer new information about potential elastin fragmentation, particularly in response to increased loading due to hypertension. Furthermore, when biological scientists analyze the elastic lamina structure, how to automatically generate a macro-level geometric parameter mapping might greatly help them understand the over-all morphology changes of blood vessel cross section. In this dissertation, another automated system is designed to quickly locate more pronounced EL branches to construct layer level abstraction of LT/ILD measurements and transform the sparse pixel level information to dense normalized Virtual Layer Matrix (VLM). The system can automatically compute the EL orientations, identify pronounced ELs, transform the denoised LT measurement points onto a VLM and then provide statistics/segmentation analysis. By applying the k-means segmentation technique to VLMs of LT-ILD, one can easily delineate regions of normal vs. hypertrophic and/or hyperplasia LT-ILD measurements for cross-image references.
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Books on the topic "Randomised Block Design"

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Baert, Theo. Emploi d'un microordinateur dans les essais en bloc randomisés. Bujumbura: ISABU, 1985.

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Rasch, Dieter. The Design and Analysis of Experiments and Surveys: 2nd Edition. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2007.

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Longmate, Jeffrey A. Analysis of enumerative data in randomized block designs. 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Randomised Block Design"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Randomized Block Design." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 993. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_15343.

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Saville, David J., and Graham R. Wood. "Randomized Block Design." In Springer Texts in Statistics, 299–339. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0971-3_12.

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Ariel, Barak, and David P. Farrington. "Randomized Block Designs." In Handbook of Quantitative Criminology, 437–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77650-7_21.

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Ariel, Barak, and David P. Farrington. "Randomized Block Designs." In Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 4273–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_52.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Randomized Complete Block Design." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 993. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_15344.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Completely Randomized Block Design." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 975. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_15184.

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Salinas Ruíz, Josafhat, Osval Antonio Montesinos López, Gabriela Hernández Ramírez, and Jose Crossa Hiriart. "Generalized Linear Mixed Models for Repeated Measurements." In Generalized Linear Mixed Models with Applications in Agriculture and Biology, 377–423. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32800-8_9.

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AbstractRepeated measures data, also known as longitudinal data, are those derived from experiments in which observations are made on the same experimental units at various planned times. These experiments can be of the regression or analysis of variance (ANOVA) type, can contain two or more treatments, and are set up using familiar designs, such as CRD (Completely Randomized design), randomized complete block design (RCBD), or randomized incomplete blocks, if blocking is appropriate, or using row and column designs such as Latin squares when appropriate. Repeated measures designs are widely used in the biological sciences and are fairly well understood for normally distributed data but less so with binary, ordinal, count data, and so on. Nevertheless, recent developments in statistical computing methodology and software have greatly increased the number of tools available for analyzing categorical data.
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Berry, Kenneth J., Kenneth L. Kvamme, Janis E. Johnston, and Paul W. Mielke,. "Randomized-Blocks Designs." In Permutation Statistical Methods with R, 433–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74361-1_9.

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Berry, Kenneth J., Janis E. Johnston, and Paul W. Mielke. "Randomized-Blocks Designs." In A Primer of Permutation Statistical Methods, 315–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20933-9_9.

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Lawal, Bayo. "The Randomized Complete Block Design." In Applied Statistical Methods in Agriculture, Health and Life Sciences, 395–447. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05555-8_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Randomised Block Design"

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Dughmi, Shaddin, and Tim Roughgarden. "Black-Box Randomized Reductions in Algorithmic Mechanism Design." In 2010 IEEE 51st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/focs.2010.79.

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Verde, Francesco. "Design of randomized space-time block codes for amplify-and-forward cooperative relaying." In 2012 5th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isccsp.2012.6217823.

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Sirikasemsuk, Kittiwat, Kanogkan Leerojanaprapa, and Sirisak Sirikasemsuk. "Regression sum of squares of randomized complete block design with one unrecorded observation." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICAST’18). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5055538.

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Roehl, Steve R., Richard Horsley, and Osten Tvedt. "Use of a randomized nested block design in genetically modified, non-selective herbicide resistant sugarbeet hybrid testing." In American Society of Sugar Beet Technologist. ASSBT, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2007.27.

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Nathan, Arjun, Monty Fricker, Aqua Asif, Maria Georgi, Sonam Patel, Man Kien Hang, Amil Sinha, et al. "Virtual interactive surgical skills classroom (VIRTUAL): a parallel-designed, non-inferiority, adjudicator-blinded, randomised controlled trial." In VIRTUAL ACADEMIC SURGERY CONFERENCE 2021. Cambridge Medicine Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7244/cmj.2021.04.001.8.

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Introduction Virtual classroom training (VCT) is a novel educational method that permits accessible, distanced interactive expert instruction. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of VCT in comparison to face-to-face training (FFT) and non-interactive computer-based learning (CBL) for basic surgical skills training. Methods 72 participants recruited from five London medical schools underwent stratified block randomisation into three equal intervention groups based on subjective and objective suturing experience. VCT was delivered via the BARCO weConnect platform and FFT was provided by expert instructors. Optimal student-to-teacher ratio was used, 12:1 for VCT and 4:1 for FFT. The assessed task was interrupted suturing with hand-tied knots. The primary outcome was post-intervention Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) score, adjudicated by two blinded experts and adjusted for baseline proficiency. Results VCT was non-inferior to FFT (adjusted difference 0.44, 95% CI: -0.54 to 1.75, delta 0.675), VCT was superior to CBL (adjusted difference 1.69, 95% CI 0.41 to 2.96) and FFT was superior to CBL (adjusted difference 1.25, 95% CI 0.20 to 2.29). FFT alone was associated with student travel expenses (mean £4.88, SD 3.70). Instructor hours used per student for VCT and FFT were 0.25 and 0.75, respectively. Conclusion VCT has a similar educational benefit to FFT and is a suitable modality of high-quality surgical skills education. VCT provides greater accessibility and resource efficiency compared to FFT. VCT satisfies the requirement for social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic and is better than non- interactive CBL. VCT has the potential to improve global availability and accessibility of surgical skills training.
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M. H. H. AL-KHAFAJI, Aseel, and Kadhim D. H. AL-JUBOURI. "INFLUENCE OF AQUEOUS BARLEY SPROUTS EXTRACT, TREHALOSE, AND CALCIUM ON CARROT FLORAL BIOLOGY." In IV.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress4-25.

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This research was implemented at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during spring season 2019. The experiment was conducted using factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design arrangement with three factors and replicates (3X3X2). The aqueous barley sprouts extract (B0, B1) (0, 100 g.L-1) represented the first factor. Trehalose (T0, T1, T2) (0, 50, 75 mmole.L-1) represented the second factor. Calcium (C0, C1, C2) (0, 1, 2 ml.L-1) represented the third factor. The research objectives are assessing the impact of the mentioned factors and their interaction on carrot floral biology traits. Results showed the effectiveness of three ways interaction treatment B1T2C1 in producing significant increases in umbel diameter (17.33, 11, 7.934 cm) and setting percentage (100, 100, 87.67%) for the first, second, third umbels respectively. While B1T2C2 produced the highest number of umbellet.umbel-1 (193, 123, 111.6) for the first, second, third umbels respectively. And the highest number of flowers. umbellet -1 for the first, second, third umbels found in B0T1C0 (167.3, 113, 48.67)
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S. MADAB, Dawood, and Suaad M. HASSEN. "ESTIMATION GENOTYPIC ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION BY USING GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS OF COTTON GENOTYPES (GOSSYPIUM HERSUTUM L.)." In VI.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress6-38.

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Seven cotton genotypes were grown in a different environmental conditions (as a combination among plant densities: 15, 20, and 25 cm under salt and non salt stress irrigation) to estimate genetic behavior in different environments of cotton genotypes (Ceebro, W888, Pac-cot189, Lashata, Cocker310, Montana, and Ik259).Analysis of variance for the interaction environments with the genotypes according to Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications were used, furthermore GGE biplot analysis for the seed cotton yield. Results Showed : Environments affected high significant in seed cotton yield for studied genotypes. Genotypic and genotypic environmental interaction contribute of 14.7 and 32.2% of variation respectively. PC1 and PC2 interpreted 53.9 and 26.5 % respectively of differences in GGE variances.IK259 Genotype the most productive and stable than others for high PC1 and low absolute value of PC2.E6 environment correlated significant and positive with other environments that means the effect of salt water stress in a wide distance among plants (25cm). Better performance of IK259 genotype was under un salt stress conditions in narrow distances among plants(15 cm). While Pac-cot genotype was favorable in most salt stress conditions. Consequently IK259 and Pac-cot189 genotypes are productive and desirable in studied environments.
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Lee, Myungeun, and Gilsoo Cho. "Psychophysiologically Evaluated Visuo-Tactile Affection using Printed Fabrics." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100574.

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The present study compared to the three perceptional conditions of tactile affection−tactile tactility, visual tactility, and visuo-tactile affections−using psychological evaluation and psychophysiological methods. A comparative study was performed to fine out the differences of psychological and psychophysiological tactile perception according to the conditions of tactile perception. Furthermore, it also aims to find out the important fabric factor for tactile affection. Through the previous study, we found the fabric factors which influenced in tactile affection of fabrics: weave construction and fabric pattern. Total of six printed fabrics were developed by DTP method on naturally colored organic cotton fabrics as stimuli. Thirty participants were placed by randomized incomplete block design for the experiment. For measuring psychological affection, questionnaire was developed using a 9 points semantic differential scale. Electroencephalogram(EEG) was measured as a CNS response and electrocardiogram(ECG), skin conductance level(SCL), and photoplethysmography(PPG) were quantified as ANS responses. According to the results, perceptional condition had little effect on psychological and psychophysiological tactile perception. Significant effects on perceptional condition showed only on “showy-plain” affection and SCL response. Mostly, weave construction was more important fabric factor to perceive tactile affection than fabric pattern. However, the importance of fabric pattern also observed through the interaction effects.
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Mumpuni, Restu Puji, and Akhmad Sholichudin. "The Efficacy of Several Types of Organic Pesticides against Mortality of Armyworm (<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>)." In The 2nd International Conference on Technology for Sustainable Development. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-l3qf81.

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Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a pest on several food crops including soybeans and corn. Armyworm control still emphasizes the use of resistant varieties and insecticides. Alternative efforts are needed to use more environmentally-friendly control methods, including the use of organic pesticides from biological materials. The control of Spodoptera frugiperda was carried out by testing the application of several types of organic pesticides at the same concentration of 50%. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of pesticide that was most effective in reducing mortality and attack from Spodoptera frugiperda. The study was started by doing mass propagation of S. frugiperda larvae, S. frugiperda larvae investment, and mortality test. The test used the Randomized Block Design (RBD) method using several organic pesticides consisting of five treatments, namely P0 (control), P1 (tobacco), P2 (shallot), P3 (garlic), and P4 (papaya leaves), P5 (blimbing wuluh leaves), P6 (Jatropa curcas fruit), P7 (lemongrass). The results of the application of organic pesticides on the mortality and attack rate of S. frugiperda had a significant effect. Organic pesticides that are most effective in reducing the mortality and attack rates of S. frugiperda are pesticides made from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). At a concentration of 50% organic pesticides made from tobacco can reduce the mortality of S. frugiperda up to 100%. Tobacco-based pesticides also received the lowest land attack rate at 46%. Organic pesticides applied to S. frugiperda larvae also affect the growth of S. frugiperda pupae.
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Jundt, Emily, Kaustav Majumder, and Bijesh Maharjan. "Does Soil Nutrient Management with Nitrogen Fertilizer Increase Protein Content in Leguminous Plants." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/qgrx4847.

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Dry edible beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are leguminous plants and are an excellent source of dietary proteins. Great Northern (GN) beans are a market class of dry edible beans and a major agricultural commodity in Nebraska. Soil nutrient management with nitrogen (N) fertilizer can enhance bean production by increasing N uptake, potentially improving protein quantity, and resulting in a potential economic benefit to bean farmers. Thus, this experiment aims to evaluate and optimize the effects of N treatment on yield, total protein, and soluble protein in GN beans. Seven treatments were tested, consisting of two controls and 5 treatments of urea at different rates. This field trial used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) structure, with four replications per treatment. GN beans were planted in May 2021, fertilized in June, and harvested in September 2021. Yield was calculated, total protein content was measured via the Dumas method, and soluble protein content was analyzed by Lowry’s protein estimation method. Bean yield linearly increased with fertilizer N rate. Bean yield ranged from 3260 lbs/ac at 0 lbs N/ac to 3710 lbs/ac at 125 lbs N/ac. Results also showed that both total and soluble protein content in GN beans linearly increased with applied N rate. The urea treatment at a rate of 100 and 125 lbs /ac increased the total protein content by 1.0 and 2.9%, respectively. Soluble protein content increased by 1.2 and 1.8% when urea was applied at rates of 100 and 125 lbs/ac, respectively. As the demand for plant-based protein continues to grow, it brings a large market for legume proteins that can be optimized with N management. The use of N management to enhance the bean quality by increasing total and soluble protein will add more economic value to the GN beans and benefit the bean growers.
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Reports on the topic "Randomised Block Design"

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Chen, Gengbin, Tuo Lin, Manfeng Wu, Guiyuan Cai, Qian Ding, Jiayue Xu, Wanqi Li, Cheng Wu, Hongying Chen, and Yue Lan. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper-limb and finger function in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0121.

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Review question / Objective: P:Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) diagnosed with stroke based on relevant clinical examination; I:Intervention group with rTMS alone or in combination with other treatments with rTMS; C:Control group received sham treatment or no rTMS; O: Upper extremity function:the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE); Hand function:box and block test(BBT), nine-hole peg test(NHPT), and Purdue pegboard test(PPT); S:Randomized controlled trials (rather than crossover designs). Condition being studied: In Europe, more than 1 million new cases of stroke are reported each year. The absolute number of stroke patients is expected to increase in the near future due to the progressive aging of the population. Approximately 50-80% of stroke survivors present with upper extremity dysfunction. Recovery of upper extremity function is associated with improvements in activities of daily living and mental health. However, few stroke survivors show full recovery of upper extremity function 6 months after stroke. In addition, rehabilitation has a limited impact on the recovery of hand motor function.
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Bhushan, Sandeep, Huang Xin, and Xiao Zongwei. Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing liver surgery: what we might know from a meta-analysis of Randomized control trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0094.

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Condition being studied: ESPB as an emerging regional technique has been well established in many surgeries, including reduce opioid demands, decrease pain score and improver sleep quality, etc. But, apply ESPB in liver surgery is limiting and remains uncertain, it is time to conduct one meta-analysis to reveal the performance of ESPB in liver surgery. Eligibility criteria: All published full-article RCTs comparing the analgesic efficacy of ESPB with control in adult patients undergoing any liver surgeries were eligible for inclusion. There were no language restrictions, Moreover, we also excluded case reports, non-RCT studies, incomplete clinical trials, and any trials used multiple nerve blocks. We also excluded any conference abstracts which could not offer enough information about the study design, or by data request to the author.
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Amzeri, Achmad, Kaswan Badami, and Gita Pawana. Inheritance of resistance to downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis) in crossing of Madura Maize Plant (Zea mays L.). Innovative Scientific Information & Services Network, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2019.1.

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Hybridization of Back cross is one method to get varieties that are resistant to downy mildew. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on inheritance characteristics of downy mildew resistance. This research was conducted at the experiment center of Agro-Technology Study Program of Agriculture Faculty, University of Trunojoyo Madura. Research of Assessment of resistance to Downy Mildew used a randomized block design with 18 treatments (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2 in three sets of crosses, namely LGL x Mdr-3, T12 x Mdr-1 and E02 x Mdr-2) and three replications so there were 54 experimental units. Identification of polymorphic RAPD markers for endurance to downy mildew through Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) was done by amplifying the DNA in the resistant pool and susceptible pool. The random primers used were 120 primers from 6 operon groups, namely OPA, OPB, OPC, OPD, OPF and OPG. The results showed that the inheritance pattern of maize genetic resistance to downy mildew followed a segregation pattern of 3:1 with a degree of dominance between -1 and 0, and was controlled by incomplete partially negative dominant gene. OPC-07 was a marker that was linkage close to the resistance to downy mildew with a genetic distance of 1.9 cM.
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Amzeri, Achmad, B. S. DARYONO, and M. SYAFII. GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT AND STABILITY ANALYSES OF DRYLAND MAIZE HYBRIDS. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.2.

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The phenotypic analysis of new candidate varieties at multiple locations could provide information on the stability of their genotypes. We evaluated the stability of 11 maize hybrid candidates in five districts in East Java Province, Indonesia. Maize hybrids with high yield potential and early maturity traits derived from a diallel cross were planted in a randomized complete block design with two checks (Srikandi Kuning and BISI-2) as a single factor with four replicates. The observed traits were grain yield per hectare and harvest age. The effects of environment, genotype, and genotype × environment interaction on yield were highly significant (P < 0.01). KTM-1, KTM-2, KTM-4, KTM-5, and KTM-6 showed higher average grain yield per hectare than the checks (Srikandi Kuning = 8.49 ton ha−1 and BISI-2 = 7.32 ton ha−1) at five different locations. The average harvest age of 11 candidates was less than 100 days. KTM-4 and KTM-5 had production yields that were higher than the average yield of all genotypes in all environments (Yi > 7.78 tons ha−1) and were considered stable on the basis of three stability parameters, i.e., Finlay–Wilkinson, Eberhart–Russell, and additive main effect multiplicative interaction (AMMI). KTM-2 had the highest yield among all tested genotypes (9.33 ton ha−1) and was considered as stable on the basis of AMMI but not on the basis of Finlay–Wilkinson and Eberhart–Russell. KTM-1 performed well only in Pamekasan, whereas KTM-6 performed well only in Sampang. Thus, these two genotypes could be targeted for these specific locations.
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Badami, Kaswan, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Achmad Amzeri, and Syaiful Khoiri. COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES ON HYBRID MELON (Cucumis melo L.) POPULATIONS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.3.

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In different crop plants, combining ability and heterosis are used as important diagnostic tools for assessing the performance of parental genotypes and their hybrids. This research aimed to evaluate heterotic and combining ability effects in the diallel crosses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for yield- and quality-related traits. Seven melon (C. melo L.) genotypes were grown and crossed in a complete diallel fashion to produce F1 hybrids. During the 2019 crop season, 49 melon genotypes (7 parents + 42 F1 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were made for seven characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the melon genotypes for harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit diameter and merely significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for fruit weight. Combining ability analysis revealed that mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) were significant for fruit diameter but were nonsignificant for all other traits. However, mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all traits. The parental genotypes PK-165, PK-464, and PK-669 exhibited the highest and desirable GCA effects for yield and quality traits. Hence, these genotypes could be used to generate high-yielding hybrid/open-pollinated cultivars. GCA:SCA ratios further revealed that the traits of harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit weight were controlled by dominant gene action, whereas fruit diameter was managed by additive and dominant genes. The majority of the traits were controlled by nonadditive gene action, verifying that the said breeding material could be efficiently used for the production of hybrid cultivars on the basis of heterotic effects.
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Dubcovsky, Jorge, Tzion Fahima, and Ann Blechl. Positional cloning of a gene responsible for high grain protein content in tetraploid wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7695875.bard.

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High Grain Protein Content (GPC) is a desirable trait in breadmaking and pasta wheat varieties because of its positive effects on quality and nutritional value. However, selection for GPC is limited by our poor understanding of the genes involved in the accumulation of protein in the grain. The long-term goal of this project is to provide a better understanding of the genes controlling GPC in wheat. The specific objectives of this project were: a) to develop a high-density genetic map of the GPC gene in tetraploid wheat, b) to construct a T. turgidum Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library, c) to construct a physical map of the GPC gene and identify a candidate for the GPC gene. A gene with a large effect on GPC was detected in Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides and was previously mapped in the short arm of chromosome 6B. To define better the position of the Gpc-B1 locus we developed homozygous recombinant lines with recombination events within the QTL region. Except for the 30-cM region of the QTL these RSLs were isogenic for the rest of the genome minimizing the genetic variability. To minimize the environmental variability the RSLs were characterized using 10 replications in field experiments organized in a Randomized Complete Block Design, which were repeated three times. Using this strategy, we were able to map this QTL as a single Mendelian locus (Gpc-B1) on a 2.6-cM region flanked by RFLP markers Xcdo365 and Xucw67. All three experiments showed that the lines carrying the DIC allele had an average absolute increase in GPC of 14 g/kg. Using the RFLP flanking markers, we established the microcolinearity between a 2.l-cM region including the Gpc-B1 gene in wheat chromosome 6BS and a 350-kb region on rice chromosome 2. Rice genes from this region were used to screen the Triticeae EST collection, and these ESTs were used to saturate the Gpc-B1 region with molecular markers. With these new markers we were able to map the Gpc-B1 locus within a 0.3-cM region flanked by PCR markers Xucw83 and Xucw71. These flanking markers defined a 36-kb colinear region with rice, including one gene that is a potential candidate for the Gpc-B1 gene. To develop a physical map of the Gpc-B1 region in wheat we first constructed a BAC library of tetraploid wheat, from RSL#65 including the high Gpc-B1 allele. We generated half- million clones with an average size of l3l-kb (5.1 X genome equivalents for each of the two genomes). This coverage provides a 99.4% probability of recovering any gene from durum wheat. We used the Gpc-BI flanking markers to screen this BAC library and then completed the physical map by chromosome walking. The physical map included two overlapping BACs covering a region of approximately 250-kb, including two flanking markers and the Gpc-B1 gene. Efforts are underway to sequence these two BACs to determine if additional wheat genes are present in this region. Weare also developing new RSLs to further dissect this region. We developed PCR markers for flanking loci Xucw79andXucw71 to facilitate the introgression of this gene in commercial varieties by marker assisted selection (httQ://maswheat.ucdavis.edu/ orotocols/HGPC/index.hlm). Using these markers we introgressed the Gpc-B1 gene in numerous pasta and common wheat breeding lines.
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McEntee, Alice, Sonia Hines, Joshua Trigg, Kate Fairweather, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Jane Fischer, Billie Bonevski, James A. Smith, Carlene Wilson, and Jacqueline Bowden. Tobacco cessation in CALD communities. The Sax Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sneg4189.

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Background Australia is a multi-cultural society with increasing rates of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. On average, CALD groups have higher rates of tobacco use, lower participation in cancer screening programs, and poorer health outcomes than the general Australian population. Lower cancer screening and smoking cessation rates are due to differing cultural norms, health-related attitudes, and beliefs, and language barriers. Interventions can help address these potential barriers and increase tobacco cessation and cancer screening rates among CALD groups. Cancer Council NSW (CCNSW) aims to reduce the impact of cancer and improve cancer outcomes for priority populations including CALD communities. In line with this objective, CCNSW commissioned this rapid review of interventions implemented in Australia and comparable countries. Review questions This review aimed to address the following specific questions: Question 1 (Q1): What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Question 2 (Q2): What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? This review focused on Chinese-, Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking people as they are the largest CALD groups in Australia and have high rates of tobacco use and poor screening adherence in NSW. Summary of methods An extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2013-March 2022 identified 19 eligible studies for inclusion in the Q1 review and 49 studies for the Q2 review. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Levels of Evidence and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the robustness and quality of the included studies, respectively. Key findings Findings are reported by components of an intervention overall and for each CALD group. By understanding the effectiveness of individual components, results will demonstrate key building blocks of an effective intervention. Question 1: What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Thirteen of the 19 studies were Level IV (L4) evidence, four were Level III (L3), one was Level II (L2), none were L1 (highest level of evidence) and one study’s evidence level was unable to be determined. The quality of included studies varied. Fifteen tobacco cessation intervention components were included, with most interventions involving at least three components (range 2-6). Written information (14 studies), and education sessions (10 studies) were the most common components included in an intervention. Eight of the 15 intervention components explored had promising evidence for use with Chinese-speaking participants (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving a family member or friend, nicotine replacement therapy, branded merchandise, and mobile messaging). Another two components (media campaign and telephone follow-up) had evidence aggregated across CALD groups (i.e., results for Chinese-speaking participants were combined with other CALD group(s)). No intervention component was deemed of sufficient evidence for use with Vietnamese-speaking participants and four intervention components had aggregated evidence (written information, education sessions, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy). Counselling was the only intervention component to have promising evidence for use with Arabic-speaking participants and one had mixed evidence (written information). Question 2: What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? Two of the 49 studies were Level I (L1) evidence, 13 L2, seven L3, 25 L4 and two studies’ level of evidence was unable to be determined. Eighteen intervention components were assessed with most interventions involving 3-4 components (range 1-6). Education sessions (32 studies), written information (23 studies) and patient navigation (10 studies) were the most common components. Seven of the 18 cancer screening intervention components had promising evidence to support their use with Vietnamese-speaking participants (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, counselling, and peer experience). The component, opportunity to be screened (e.g. mailed or handed a bowel screening test), had aggregated evidence regarding its use with Vietnamese-speaking participants. Seven intervention components (education session, written information, visual information, peer/community health worker, opportunity to be screened, counselling, and branded merchandise) also had promising evidence to support their use with Chinese-speaking participants whilst two components had mixed (patient navigation) or aggregated (media campaign) evidence. One intervention component for use with Arabic-speaking participants had promising evidence to support its use (opportunity to be screened) and eight intervention components had mixed or aggregated support (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, peer experience, media campaign, and anatomical models). Gaps in the evidence There were four noteworthy gaps in the evidence: 1. No systematic review was captured for Q1, and only two studies were randomised controlled trials. Much of the evidence is therefore based on lower level study designs, with risk of bias. 2. Many studies provided inadequate detail regarding their intervention design which impacts both the quality appraisal and how mixed finding results can be interpreted. 3. Several intervention components were found to have supportive evidence available only at the aggregate level. Further research is warranted to determine the interventions effectiveness with the individual CALD participant group only. 4. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention components were either unknown (no studies) or insufficient (only one study) across CALD groups. This was the predominately the case for Arabic-speaking participants for both Q1 and Q2, and for Vietnamese-speaking participants for Q1. Further research is therefore warranted. Applicability Most of the intervention components included in this review are applicable for use in the Australian context, and NSW specifically. However, intervention components assessed as having insufficient, mixed, or no evidence require further research. Cancer screening and tobacco cessation interventions targeting Chinese-speaking participants were more common and therefore showed more evidence of effectiveness for the intervention components explored. There was support for cancer screening intervention components targeting Vietnamese-speaking participants but not for tobacco cessation interventions. There were few interventions implemented for Arabic-speaking participants that addressed tobacco cessation and screening adherence. Much of the evidence for Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking participants was further limited by studies co-recruiting multiple CALD groups and reporting aggregate results. Conclusion There is sound evidence for use of a range of intervention components to address tobacco cessation and cancer screening adherence among Chinese-speaking populations, and cancer screening adherence among Vietnamese-speaking populations. Evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions with Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking participants, and cancer screening interventions for Arabic-speaking participants. More research is required to determine whether components considered effective for use in one CALD group are applicable to other CALD populations.
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