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Journal articles on the topic 'Random shifts'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Cheng, Guozheng, Xiang Fang, and Sen Zhu. "Random weighted shifts." Journal of Functional Analysis 277, no. 2 (July 2019): 452–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2018.11.006.

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2

Gundlach, V., and G. Ochs. "Isomorphic random Bernoulli shifts." Colloquium Mathematicum 84, no. 2 (2000): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/cm-84/85-2-327-344.

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3

Stadlbauer, Manuel, Yuri Kifer, and Manfred Denker. "Thermodynamic formalism for random countable Markov shifts." Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems 22, no. 1/2, September (June 2008): 131–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2008.22.131.

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4

Gohlke, Philipp, Dan Rust, and Timo Spindeler. "Shifts of finite type and random substitutions." Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A 39, no. 9 (2019): 5085–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2019206.

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5

SEURET, STÉPHANE. "Inhomogeneous random coverings of topological Markov shifts." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 165, no. 2 (June 22, 2017): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004117000512.

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AbstractLet $\mathscr{S}$ be an irreducible topological Markov shift, and let μ be a shift-invariant Gibbs measure on $\mathscr{S}$. Let (Xn)n ≥ 1 be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with common law μ. In this paper, we focus on the size of the covering of $\mathscr{S}$ by the balls B(Xn, n−s). This generalises the original Dvoretzky problem by considering random coverings of fractal sets by non-homogeneously distributed balls. We compute the almost sure dimension of lim supn →+∞B(Xn, n−s) for every s ≥ 0, which depends on s and the multifractal features of μ. Our results include the inhomogeneous covering of $\mathbb{T}^d$ and Sierpinski carpets.
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6

Braun, Daniel, Gerhard Wider, and Kurt Wuethrich. "Sequence-Corrected 15N "Random Coil" Chemical Shifts." Journal of the American Chemical Society 116, no. 19 (September 1994): 8466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00098a005.

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7

Hendus-Altenburger, Ruth, Catarina B. Fernandes, Katrine Bugge, Micha B. A. Kunze, Wouter Boomsma, and Birthe B. Kragelund. "Random coil chemical shifts for serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation over a broad pH range." Journal of Biomolecular NMR 73, no. 12 (October 9, 2019): 713–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10858-019-00283-z.

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Abstract Phosphorylation is one of the main regulators of cellular signaling typically occurring in flexible parts of folded proteins and in intrinsically disordered regions. It can have distinct effects on the chemical environment as well as on the structural properties near the modification site. Secondary chemical shift analysis is the main NMR method for detection of transiently formed secondary structure in intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and the reliability of the analysis depends on an appropriate choice of random coil model. Random coil chemical shifts and sequence correction factors were previously determined for an Ac-QQXQQ-NH2-peptide series with X being any of the 20 common amino acids. However, a matching dataset on the phosphorylated states has so far only been incompletely determined or determined only at a single pH value. Here we extend the database by the addition of the random coil chemical shifts of the phosphorylated states of serine, threonine and tyrosine measured over a range of pH values covering the pKas of the phosphates and at several temperatures (www.bio.ku.dk/sbinlab/randomcoil). The combined results allow for accurate random coil chemical shift determination of phosphorylated regions at any pH and temperature, minimizing systematic biases of the secondary chemical shifts. Comparison of chemical shifts using random coil sets with and without inclusion of the phosphoryl group, revealed under/over estimations of helicity of up to 33%. The expanded set of random coil values will improve the reliability in detection and quantification of transient secondary structure in phosphorylation-modified IDPs.
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8

McGoff, Kevin, and Ronnie Pavlov. "Random $\mathbb{Z}^d$-shifts of finite type." Journal of Modern Dynamics 10, no. 02 (July 2016): 287–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/jmd.2016.10.287.

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9

Castillo, I., and J. M. Loubes. "Estimation of the distribution of random shifts deformation." Mathematical Methods of Statistics 18, no. 1 (March 2009): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1066530709010025.

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10

Del Frate, Enrico, Afroza Shirin, and Francesco Sorrentino. "Reservoir computing with random and optimized time-shifts." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 31, no. 12 (December 2021): 121103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0068941.

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11

Rivas, Ángel, and Alfredo Luis. "Sub-Heisenberg estimation of non-random phase shifts." New Journal of Physics 14, no. 9 (September 26, 2012): 093052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/14/9/093052.

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12

Castaño-Martínez, Antonia, Fernando López-Blázquez, and Begoña Salamanca-Miño. "Random shifts and scalings ofm-generalized order statistics." Statistics 48, no. 3 (October 18, 2012): 558–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02331888.2012.734308.

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13

Li, Ye, Pierre Perron, and Jiawen Xu. "Modelling exchange rate volatility with random level shifts." Applied Economics 49, no. 26 (November 7, 2016): 2579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1243214.

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14

Kwok, Chit Wan, Cheuk Nang Ho, Lai Man Chi, and Sik Lok Lam. "Random coil carbon chemical shifts of deoxyribonucleic acids." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 166, no. 1 (January 2004): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2003.10.001.

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15

Conibear, Anne C., K. Johan Rosengren, Christian F. W. Becker, and Hanspeter Kaehlig. "Random coil shifts of posttranslationally modified amino acids." Journal of Biomolecular NMR 73, no. 10-11 (July 17, 2019): 587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10858-019-00270-4.

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16

Adachi, Masaaki, and Satoshi Sunada. "Phase-shift extraction from twice-normalized light intensity changes recorded with random phase shifts." Optical Review 21, no. 5 (September 2014): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-014-0082-1.

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17

Miyazawa, Masakiyo, Gert Nieuwenhuis, and Karl Sigman. "Palm theory for random time changes." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953301000065.

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Palm distributions are basic tools when studying stationarity in the context of point processes, queueing systems, fluid queues or random measures. The framework varies with the random phenomenon of interest, but usually a one-dimensional group of measure-preserving shifts is the starting point. In the present paper, by alternatively using a framework involving random time changes (RTCs) and a two-dimensional family of shifts, we are able to characterize all of the above systems in a single framework. Moreover, this leads to what we call the detailed Palm distribution (DPD) which is stationary with respect to a certain group of shifts. The DPD has a very natural interpretation as the distribution seen at a randomly chosen position on the extended graph of the RTC, and satisfies a general duality criterion: the DPD of the DPD gives the underlying probability P in return.To illustrate the generality of our approach, we show that classical Palm theory for random measures is included in our RTC framework. We also consider the important special case of marked point processes with batches. We illustrate how our approach naturally allows one to distinguish between the marks within a batch while retaining nice stationarity properties.
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18

FROYLAND, GARY, and OGNJEN STANCEVIC. "METASTABILITY, LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS, ESCAPE RATES, AND TOPOLOGICAL ENTROPY IN RANDOM DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS." Stochastics and Dynamics 13, no. 04 (October 7, 2013): 1350004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219493713500044.

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We explore the concept of metastability in random dynamical systems, focusing on connections between random Perron–Frobenius operator cocycles and escape rates of random maps, and on topological entropy of random shifts of finite type. The Lyapunov spectrum of the random Perron–Frobenius cocycle and the random adjacency matrix cocycle is used to decompose the random system into two disjoint random systems with rigorous upper and lower bounds on (i) the escape rate in the setting of random maps, and (ii) topological entropy in the setting of random shifts of finite type, respectively.
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19

Denker, Manfred, Yuri Kifer, and Manuel Stadlbauer. "Corrigendum to: Thermodynamic formalism for random countable Markov shifts." Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A 35, no. 1 (2015): 593–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2015.35.593.

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20

Castagliola, Philippe, Giovanni Celano, Antonio Costa, and Sergio Fichera. "Constrained economic design ofScontrol charts for random process shifts." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 28, no. 3 (March 15, 2011): 298–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656711111109900.

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21

Xu, Jiancheng, and Zhao Chen. "Quadrature component analysis of interferograms with random phase shifts." Journal of Optics 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 085402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/16/8/085402.

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22

Xu, Jiancheng, Qiao Xu, Liqun Chai, Yong Li, and Hui Wang. "Direct phase extraction from interferograms with random phase shifts." Optics Express 18, no. 20 (September 14, 2010): 20620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.020620.

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23

Aleiner, I. L., and K. A. Matveev. "Shifts of Random Energy Levels by a Local Perturbation." Physical Review Letters 80, no. 4 (January 26, 1998): 814–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.80.814.

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24

Schwarzinger, Stephan, Gerard J. A. Kroon, Ted R. Foss, John Chung, Peter E. Wright, and H. Jane Dyson. "Sequence-Dependent Correction of Random Coil NMR Chemical Shifts." Journal of the American Chemical Society 123, no. 13 (April 2001): 2970–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja003760i.

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25

DEN HOLLANDER, FRANK, and JEFFREY E. STEIF. "On K-automorphisms, Bernoulli shifts and Markov random fields." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 17, no. 2 (April 1997): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385797069861.

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We show that for translation invariant Markov random fields: (1) the K-property implies a trivial full tail; (2) the Bernoulli property implies Følner independence. The existence of bilaterally deterministic Bernoulli shifts tells us that neither result is true without the Markov assumption (even in one dimension). We also show that for general translation invariant random fields: (3) Følner independence implies a trivial full tail.
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26

Trahan, J. L., V. Ramachandran, and M. C. Loui. "Parallel Random Access Machines with both Multiplication and Shifts." Information and Computation 110, no. 1 (April 1994): 96–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1025.

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27

Grade, Stéphane, Nathalie Lefèvre, and Mauro Pesenti. "Influence of Gaze Observation on Random Number Generation." Experimental Psychology 60, no. 2 (November 1, 2013): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000178.

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Recent findings suggest that number processing is intimately linked to space and attention orienting processes. For example, processing numbers induces shifts of spatial attention, with small numbers causing leftward shifts and large numbers causing rightward shifts, suggesting that number magnitude might be represented on a left-to-right mental number line. However, whether inducing spatial attention shifts would in turn influence number production, and whether such influence, if observed, would be restricted to the left-to-right orientation or would extend to an up-to-down orientation in space, remains a matter of debate. The present study assessed whether observing gaze movements, known to moderate spatial attention, was able to influence a random number generation task, and how different directions of the gaze moderated this influence. Participants were asked to randomly produce a number between 1 and 10 after they observed either a horizontal or a vertical eye gaze, or after they observed color changes as a control condition. The results revealed that number production was influenced by the prior presentation of specific gaze changes. Observing leftward or downward gaze led participants to produce more small than large numbers, whereas observing gaze oriented rightward and upward or observing color changes did not influence the magnitude of the numbers produced. These results show that the characteristics of the observed gaze changes primed number magnitude, but that this only held true for some movements, and these were not restricted to the left-to-right axis.
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28

Brent, Richard Peirce. "Some long-period random number generators using shifts and xors." ANZIAM Journal 48 (July 6, 2007): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v48i0.40.

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29

Guzhov, Vladimir, Sergei Ilinykh, and Dmitrii Huidukov. "The algorithm of the interference patterns with random phase shifts." Transaction of Scientific Papers of the Novosibirsk State Technical University, no. 4 (December 10, 2014): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2307-6879-2014-4-79-96.

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30

Ahsanullah, Mohammad, Valery B. Nevzorov, and Ludmila Nevzorova. "Characterizations of distributions via record values with random exponential shifts." Journal of Statistical Theory and Applications 13, no. 4 (2014): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jsta.2014.13.4.4.

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31

Chakraborty, Santanu, and George P. Yanev. "Characterizations of Exponential Distribution Based on Two-Sided Random Shifts." Journal of Statistical Theory and Applications 17, no. 3 (2018): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jsta.2018.17.3.2.

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32

Tamiola, Kamil, Burçin Acar, and Frans A. A. Mulder. "Sequence-Specific Random Coil Chemical Shifts of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins." Journal of the American Chemical Society 132, no. 51 (December 29, 2010): 18000–18003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja105656t.

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33

Williams, William W., Kwei Tang, and Linguo Gong. "Process improvement for a container-filling process with random shifts." International Journal of Production Economics 66, no. 1 (June 2000): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5273(99)00083-3.

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34

Zhai, Zhongsheng, Jinsong Li, Yanhong Zhang, Qinghua Lv, and Xuanze Wang. "The Least-squares Algorithm for Interferograms with Random Phase Shifts." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 569 (August 9, 2019): 052066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/569/5/052066.

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35

Suan Li, Mai, Thomas Nattermann, Heiko Rieger, and Moshe Schwartz. "Vortex lines in the three-dimensionalXYmodel with random phase shifts." Physical Review B 54, no. 22 (December 1, 1996): 16024–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.16024.

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36

Cheng, Sen, and Philip N. Sabes. "Calibration of Visually Guided Reaching Is Driven by Error-Corrective Learning and Internal Dynamics." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 4 (April 2007): 3057–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00897.2006.

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The sensorimotor calibration of visually guided reaching changes on a trial-to-trial basis in response to random shifts in the visual feedback of the hand. We show that a simple linear dynamical system is sufficient to model the dynamics of this adaptive process. In this model, an internal variable represents the current state of sensorimotor calibration. Changes in this state are driven by error feedback signals, which consist of the visually perceived reach error, the artificial shift in visual feedback, or both. Subjects correct for ≥20% of the error observed on each movement, despite being unaware of the visual shift. The state of adaptation is also driven by internal dynamics, consisting of a decay back to a baseline state and a “state noise” process. State noise includes any source of variability that directly affects the state of adaptation, such as variability in sensory feedback processing, the computations that drive learning, or the maintenance of the state. This noise is accumulated in the state across trials, creating temporal correlations in the sequence of reach errors. These correlations allow us to distinguish state noise from sensorimotor performance noise, which arises independently on each trial from random fluctuations in the sensorimotor pathway. We show that these two noise sources contribute comparably to the overall magnitude of movement variability. Finally, the dynamics of adaptation measured with random feedback shifts generalizes to the case of constant feedback shifts, allowing for a direct comparison of our results with more traditional blocked-exposure experiments.
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37

Deuschel, Jean-Dominique, and Xiaoqin Guo. "Quenched local central limit theorem for random walks in a time-dependent balanced random environment." Probability Theory and Related Fields 182, no. 1-2 (December 4, 2021): 111–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00440-021-01097-7.

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AbstractWe prove a quenched local central limit theorem for continuous-time random walks in $${\mathbb {Z}}^d, d\ge 2$$ Z d , d ≥ 2 , in a uniformly-elliptic time-dependent balanced random environment which is ergodic under space-time shifts. We also obtain Gaussian upper and lower bounds for quenched and (positive and negative) moment estimates of the transition probabilities and asymptotics of the discrete Green’s function.
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38

Giri, Upendra Kumar, and Anirudh Pradhan. "Establishing inherent uncertainty in the shifts determined by volumetric imaging." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 16, no. 3 (April 18, 2017): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396917000218.

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AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted for establishing inherent uncertainty in the shift determination by X-ray volumetric imaging (XVI) and calculating margins due to this inherent uncertainty using van Herk formula.Material and methodsThe study was performed on the XVI which was cone-beam computed tomography integrated with the Elekta AxesseTM linear accelerator machine having six degree of freedom enabled HexaPOD couch. Penta-Guide phantom was used for inherent translational and rotational shift determination by repeated imaging. The process was repeated 20 times a day without moving the phantom for 30 consecutive working days. The measured shifts were used for margins calculation using van Herk formula.ResultsThe mean standard deviations were calculated as 0·05, 0·05, 0·06 mm in the three translational (x, y and z) and 0·05°, 0·05°, 0·05° in the three rotational axes (about x, y, z). Paired sample t-test was performed between the mean values of translational shifts (x, y, z) and rotational shifts. The systematic errors were found to be 0·03, 0·04 and 0·03 mm while the random errors were 0·05, 0·06 and 0·06 mm in the lateral, cranio-caudal and anterio-posterior directions, respectively. For the rotational shifts, the systematic errors were 0·02, 0·03 and 0·03 and the random errors were 0·06, 0·05 and 0·05 in the pitch, roll and yaw directions, respectively.ConclusionOur study concluded that there was an inherent uncertainty associated with the XVI tools, on the basis of these six-dimensional shifts, margins were calculated and recorded as a baseline for the quality assurance (QA) programme for XVI imaging tools by checking its reproducibility once in a year or after any major maintenance in hardware or upgradation in software. Although the shift determined was of the order of submillimetre order, still that shift had great significance for the image quality control of the XVI tools. Every departments practicing quality radiotherapy with such imaging tools should establish their own baseline value of inherent shifts and margins during the commissioning and must use an important QA protocol for the tools.
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39

Schneider, Ulrike. "The syntax of metaphor." Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 9, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2021-0003.

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Abstract This paper analyses diachronic changes which result from metaphorical extension. Its aim is to assess whether such semantic shifts may lead to further semantic and syntactic differentiation between the verb senses and whether they can be described as shifts away or towards prototypical transitivity (cf. Hopper & Thompson 1980). It focusses on changes the verb derail underwent in the 19th and 20th centuries. In a corpus-based analysis, it utilises CART trees and a random forest to determine which syntactic and semantic properties differentiate literal and metaphorical uses of derail. Results reveal a syntactic shift from transitive to intransitive in the older literal construction which hardly affects the younger metaphorical one. This indicates that differentiation can be an epiphenomenon of semantic shifts.
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40

Nakamura, Munetaka. "Invariant measures and entropies of random dynamical systems and the variational principle for random Bernoulli shifts." Hiroshima Mathematical Journal 21, no. 1 (1991): 187–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.32917/hmj/1206128927.

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41

Chiu, Joshua, Steve Braunstein, Jean Nakamura, Philip Theodosopoulos, Penny Sneed, Michael McDermott, and Lijun Ma. "A robustness check procedure for hypofractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 129, Suppl1 (December 2018): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.7.gks181581.

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OBJECTIVEInterfractional residual patient shifts are often observed during the delivery of hypofractionated brain radiosurgery. In this study, the authors developed a robustness treatment planning check procedure to assess the dosimetric effects of residual target shifts on hypofractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS).METHODSThe residual patient shifts were determined during the simulation process immediately after patient immobilization. To mimic incorporation of residual target shifts during treatment delivery, a quality assurance procedure was developed to sample and shift individual shots according to the residual uncertainties in the prescribed treatment plan. This procedure was tested and demonstrated for 10 hypofractionated GKRS cases.RESULTSThe maximum residual target shifts were less than 1 mm for the studied cases. When incorporating such shifts, the target coverage varied by 1.9% ± 2.2% (range 0.0%–7.1%) and selectivity varied by 3.6% ± 2.5% (range 1.1%–9.3%). Furthermore, when incorporating extra random shifts on the order of 0.5 mm, the target coverage decreased by as much as 7%, and nonisocentric variation in the dose distributions was noted for the studied cases.CONCLUSIONSA pretreatment robustness check procedure was developed and demonstrated for hypofractionated GKRS. Further studies are underway to implement this procedure to assess maximum tolerance levels for individual patient cases.
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BOCKER-NETO, CARLOS, and MARCELO VIANA. "Continuity of Lyapunov exponents for random two-dimensional matrices." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 37, no. 5 (March 8, 2016): 1413–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2015.116.

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43

Shamsuzzaman, Mohammad. "Optimization Design of 2-EWMA Control Chart Based on Random Process Shift." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 1185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.1185.

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The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts are widely used for detecting process shifts of small and moderate sizes in Statistical Process Control (SPC).This article presents an algorithm for the optimization design of a multi-EWMA scheme comprising two EWMA control charts (known as 2-EWMA chart) considering random process shifts in mean. The random process shifts in mean is characterized by a Rayleigh distribution. The design algorithm optimizes the charting parameters of the 2-EWMA chart based on loss function. Comparative study shows that the optimal 2-EWMA chart outperforms the original 2-EWMA chart, as well as the original EWMA chart. In general, this article will help to enhance the detection effectiveness of the 2-EWMA chart, and facilitate its applications in SPC.
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44

Georgiev, Iliyan. "ASYMPTOTICS FOR COINTEGRATED PROCESSES WITH INFREQUENT STOCHASTIC LEVEL SHIFTS AND OUTLIERS." Econometric Theory 24, no. 3 (January 22, 2008): 587–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466608080249.

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This is an analytical study of the effect of level-shift and temporary-change components, when present but neglected, on the trace test for cointegration. The contribution is threefold. First, we discuss in a multivariate framework, and jointly, effects that in the previous literature have been discussed in a univariate setting and in isolation. Second, we consider a rather general specification of shifts and outliers with random size, number, and timing and with flexible dynamics. It nests the classical cases of additive shifts, innovational outliers, and additive outliers. Third, as an instrument for this analysis we develop an asymptotic theory for product moment matrices of linear processes with stochastic level-shift components, generalizing results of Leipus and Viano (2003, Statistics and Probability Letters 61, 177–190).
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45

Pisani, Margaret A., Kyle Bramley, Michael T. Vest, Kathleen M. Akgün, Katy L. B. Araujo, and Terrence E. Murphy. "Patterns of Opiate, Benzodiazepine, and Antipsychotic Drug Dosing in Older Patients in a Medical Intensive Care Unit." American Journal of Critical Care 22, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): e62-e69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2013835.

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Background Anecdotal observation suggests that older patients in medical intensive care units receive higher doses of psychoactive medications during evening shifts than day and night shifts. Objectives To determine the dosing patterns and total doses of fentanyl, lorazepam, and haloperidol according to nursing shift in a cohort of older patients in a medical intensive care unit. Methods The sample consisted of 309 patients 60 years and older admitted to the medical intensive care unit at Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut. Data on time, dosage, and route of administration of the drugs were collected. Data were analyzed by using a Bayesian random effects Poisson model adjusted for individual heterogeneity, excess zero doses, and important clinical covariates. Results Mean age of the patients was 75 years; 58% received fentanyl, 55% received lorazepam, and 32% received haloperidol. Although dosing with fentanyl did not differ according to shift, doses of both lorazepam and haloperidol were higher during the evening shifts (4 pm to midnight) than during the day or night shifts. Compared with women, men received higher doses of both haloperidol and lorazepam and variability between shifts was greater. Conclusions In this longitudinal, observational sample of older patients, data indicated a positive association between dose levels of lorazepam and haloperidol during the evening nursing shifts relative to other shifts. Further investigation is needed to determine potential causes and to evaluate the impact on outcomes of sleep deprivation and delirium.
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46

Muratov, Anton, and Sergei Zuyev. "Neighbour-dependent point shifts and random exchange models: Invariance and attractors." Bernoulli 23, no. 1 (February 2017): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/15-bej755.

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47

Maris, Brian A. "Portfolio Formation, Measurement Errors, and Beta Shifts: A Random Sampling Approach." CFA Digest 31, no. 2 (May 2001): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v31.n2.877.

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Guzhov, V. I., S. P. Il’inykh, G. A. Pozdnyakov, and D. S. Khaidukov. "Image Reconstruction from Digital Holograms Obtained by Specifying Random Phase Shifts." Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing 55, no. 6 (November 2019): 638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s8756699019060165.

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Park, Kibeom, Sung Wu Rhee, and M. Y. Choi. "Glass synchronization in the network of oscillators with random phase shifts." Physical Review E 57, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 5030–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.57.5030.

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McGoff, Kevin, and Ronnie Pavlov. "Factor maps and embeddings for random ℤd shifts of finite type." Israel Journal of Mathematics 230, no. 1 (March 2019): 239–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11856-018-1822-x.

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