Academic literature on the topic 'Random probing model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Random probing model"
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Sartika, Nenden Suciyati, and Susti Rahmah Yulita. "Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Probing-Prompting untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis." GAUSS: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 1, no. 2 (February 9, 2019): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/gauss.v1i2.1038.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan utuk mengetahui dan mendapatkan data aktual tentang penerapan model pembelajaran probing-prompting untuk meningkatkan kemampuan koneksi matematika siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 3 Pandeglang tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuasi eksperimen. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitin ini adalah kelas XI MIA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XI MIA 3 sebagai kelas kontrol yang ditentukan melalui teknik Cluster Random Sampling. Kelas eksperimen pembelajarannya menggunakan model pembelajaran probing-prompting, dan kelas kontrol menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen berupa tes koneksi matematika berbentuk essay. Nilai rata-rata hasil tes kemampuan koneksi matematika siswa dilihat dari perhitungan Gain adalah 0,46 untuk kelas eksperimen dan 0,37 untuk kelas kontrol, pada perhitungan Mann-Whitney didapat (zhitung = 1,34 < ztabel = 1,64). Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa kemampuan koneksi matematika siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran probing-prompting lebih tinggi dari pada siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah penerapan model pembelajaran probing-prompting dapat meningkatka kemampuan koneksi matematika siswa.
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Manoppo, Risnawati, Sarson W. Dj Pomalato, Siti Zakiyah, and Melisa Mutiara Lestari Puloo. "Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Probing Prompting Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Segiempat." Jambura Journal of Mathematics Education 3, no. 2 (September 6, 2022): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34312/jmathedu.v3i2.15604.
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This article discusses the Effect of the Probing Prompting Learning Model on Students’ Learning Outcomes in a Rectangular topic to know the differences in learning outcomes of students whose learning uses the Probing Prompting Learning Model and learning outcomes of students whose learning uses the direct Learning Model in Rectangular topic. The method used is an experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sampling technique used cluster random sampling and the technique of data collection through tests in the form of essays. The result of the research showed that there were differences in learning outcomes of students whose learning uses the Probing Prompting Learning Model and learning outcomes of students whose learning uses the direct Learning Model, whereas learning outcomes of students whose learning uses the Probing Prompting Learning Model were higher than learning outcomes of students whose learning uses direct Learning Model in Rectangular Topic. Probing prompting can guide students to express their ideas so that a process of thinking can generate each student's knowledge and experience.
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Septarina, Eva, Sodikin Sodikin, and Yahya AD. "Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Probing Prompting dan Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis." Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 2, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ijsme.v2i1.3971.
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Abstract: This study was conducted to find out (1) is there any influence of the probing prompting and numbered heads together learning model on students 'critical thinking abilities (2) which is the more effective learning model between the prompting and numbered heads together probing learning model on students' critical thinking skills . This research is a Quasi Experimental Design. The population in this study was all class X SMA N 1 Tiga Reviewed, the sampling technique was random sampling technique. The sample in this study used 2 classes, class X Mipa1 as the experimental class 1 and class X Mipa 2 as the experimental class 2. Testing the hypothesis using the t-test, with a significance level of 5%. Then the effectiveness is known by the effect size test which is obtained d = 0.69. then these results are interpreted using the table effect size, the percentage data of 73% is included in the medium category. It was concluded that (1) the probing prompting and numbered heads together learning model had a good influence on students 'critical thinking abilities (2) probing prompting and numbered heads together models were effective in improving students' critical thinking skills.Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui (1) adakah pengaruh model pembelajaran probing prompting dan numbered heads together terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik (2) manakah model pembelajaran yang lebih efektif antara model pembelajaran probing prompting dan numbered heads together terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan Quasi Eksperimen Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas X SMA N 1 Tiga Dihaji, Teknik pengambilan sampelnya yaitu teknik random sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 2 kelas, kelas X Mipa1 sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas X Mipa 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen 2. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t, dengan taraf signifikasi 5%. Kemudian keefektifan diketahui dengan uji effect size yaitu memperoleh nilai d =0,69. kemudian hasil ini diinterprestasikan dengan menggunakan tabel effect size diperoleh data presentase sebesar 73% termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa (1) model pembelajaran probing prompting dan numbered heads together memberikan pengaruh yang baik terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik (2) model probing prompting dan numbered heads together efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik.
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Kristin, Ninda, Candra Ditasona, and Jitu Halomoan Lumbantoruan. "Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa: Studi dengan Model Probing-Prompting dan Konvensional." Brillo Journal 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.56773/bj.v1i1.7.
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This study aims to determine how students critical thinking ability who study with probing-prompting and conventional learning models are. This research is a quantitatif research with a quasi-experimental design group. The research population was all students of class X SMK Setih Setio 2 Muara Bungo, Jambi. The research sample consisted of two classes with a sample size of 62 people determined by simple random sampling, namely X MM as the control class using the conventional learning model and X AK as the experimental class using the Probing-Prompting learning model. Requirements analysis test has been carried out so that the data obtained are not normally distributed and not homogeneous. The hypotheses were analyzed using the U-Mann Whitney test at a significant level of α=0,05. Based on data analysis and hypothesis testing, it was found that: (1) there were differences in students' critical thinking skills taught using probing-prompting and conventional learning models, and (2) there is an increase in students' critical thinking skills taught by using probing-prompting and conventional models.
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Sri Kartika Dewi, Ni Wayan, Desak Putu Parmiti, and I. Gusti Ngurah Japa. "PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBING PROMPTING BERBANTUAN MEDIA VIDEO TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA." Indonesian Journal Of Educational Research and Review 2, no. 2 (July 16, 2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v2i2.17631.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran probing-prompting berbantuan media video terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas V SD di gugus V Kecamatan Bangli Tahun Ajaran 2018.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian semu (quasi eksperimen),denganrancangan nonequivalent posttest only control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas V SD di Gugus V Kecamatan Bangli. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas V SDN 3 Kayubihi dan SDN 1 Landih. Sampel ditentukan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Data hasil belajar dikumpulkan menggunakan tes pilihan ganda. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial (uji-t). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar IPA antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran Probing-prompting berbantuan media video dan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas V SD di Gugus V Kecamatan Bangli. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh thitung (5,051) > ttabel (2,002). Selanjutnya, rata-rata (mean) kelompok eksperimen (18,00) lebih besar daripada rata-rata (mean) kelompok kontrol(13,00). Dengan demikian, model pembelajaran Probing-prompting berbantuan media videoberpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas V SD di Gugus V Kecamatan Bangli. Maka model pembelajaran probing-prompting dapat diterapkan sebagai salah satu model yang inovatif dalam pembelajaran IPA di SD. Kata Kunci : probing-prompting,video,hasil belajar
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Alifianti, Ingga, Sudargo Sudargo, and Muhammad Saifuddin Zuhri. "Efektivitas Model Probing Prompting dan Model LAPS-Heuristik Berbantu Adobe Flash CS3 Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMA." Imajiner: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 2, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/imajiner.v2i6.6866.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keefektifan model pembelajaran Probing Prompting dan LAPS-Heuristik berbantu Adobe Flash CS3 terhadap hasil belajar siswa, terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa antara penerapan model Probing Prompting dan LAPS-Heuristik berbantu Adobe Flash CS3 dan pembelajaran Konvensional dengan metode ceramah. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Unggulan Pondok Modern Selamat Kendal Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Dengan menggunakan cluster random sampling diperoleh kelas XI MIPA C sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 atau model pembelajaran Probing Prompting berbantu Adobe Flash CS3, XI MIPA A sebagai kelas eksperimen 2 atau model pembelajaran LAPS-Heuristik berbantu Adobe Flash CS3 dan XI MIPA B sebagai kelas kontrol atau model konvensional dengan metode ceramah. Hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa ketiga kelas berdistribusi normal, homogen dan uji hipotesis 1 untuk anava diperoleh Fhitung= 25,1663 > Ftabel= 3,154 artinya terdapat perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar antara ketiga kelas. Pada uji hipotesis 2, diperoleh thitung>ttabel yaitu 6,1395>2,6295 maka H0 ditolak, berarti rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen 1 lebih efektif daripada kelas kontrol, Untuk uji hipotesis 3, diperoleh thitung>ttabel yaitu 5,2684>2,484 maka H0 ditolak, berarti rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen 2 lebih baik daripada kelas kontrol serta untuk uji hipotesis 4,diperoleh yaitu -2,022<1,0919<2 ,022 maka H0 diterima yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar antara eksperimen 1 dan eksperimen 2. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Probing Prompting dan LAPS-Heuristik berbantu Adobe Flash CS3 lebih efektif dari pada pembelajaran konvensional dengan metode ceramah.
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Nurul Thaniya Safitri, Ellis Salsabila, and Mimi Nur Hajizah. "Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Probing Prompting Berbantuan LKS Terstruktur Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa SMA Negeri 31 Jakarta." JURNAL RISET PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SEKOLAH 3, no. 2 (September 29, 2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jrpms.032.04.
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Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Probing Prompting berbantuan LKS Terstruktur terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa SMA Negeri 31 Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen semu (quasi experiment). Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis berupa 5 soal uraian yang telah dinyatakan valid. Populasi target penelitian adalah seluruh siswa SMA Negeri 31 Jakarta. Populasi terjangkau penelitian adalah siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 31 Jakarta. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Two Stage Sampling, yaitu Purposive Sampling dan Cluster Random Sampling. Tahap pertama Purposive Sampling, terpilih 5 kelas yang termasuk ke dalam jurusan MIA. Tahap kedua adalah Cluster Random Sampling, yaitu pengambilan 2 dari 5 kelas yang telah lolos uji prasyarat analisis data sebelum perlakuan, sebagai 1 kelas eksperimen (X MIA 1) yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Probing Prompting berbantuan LKS Terstruktur dan 1 kelas kontrol (X MIA 3) dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional.
Berdasarkan hasil pengujian prasyarat analisis data setelah perlakuan, hasil tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis kelas eksperimen dan kontrol berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Pengujian hipotesis statistik Uji-t dengan ttaraf signifikansi , diperoleh dan . Nilai sehingga ditolak dan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa rata-rata skor tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari kelas kontrol. Besar pengaruh model kooperatif tipe Probing Prompting berbantuan LKS Terstruktur terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa SMA Negeri 31 Jakarta adalah dengan presentasi 76% dan berada pada kategori sedang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Probing Prompting berbantuan LKS Terstruktur terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa SMA Negeri 31 Jakarta.
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Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Probing Prompting, LKS Terstruktur, Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis
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Nasution, Abd Haris, and Adelia Safitri. "PENGARUH MODEL PROBING PROMTING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH KELAS X SMA NEGERI 15 MEDAN T.A 2018/2019." Puteri Hijau : Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 4, no. 2 (July 2, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ph.v4i2.16302.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Probing Promting dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelejaran sejarah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian eksperimen, yaitu ada perbedaan perlakukan antara kedua kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol agar dapat dilihat perbedaannya. Populasi penelitian ini adalah kelas X SMA Negeri 15 Medan yang terdiri dari 6 kelas dengan jumlah seluruh siswa 210 orang. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik acak atau random sampling, dimana kelas eksperimen adalah kelas X Ips 1 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model probing promting dan yang menjadi kelas kontrol adalah kelas X Ips 2 yang diajarkan metode ceramah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian nilai rata-rata siswa pada kelas X Ips 1 sebesar 83,82, sedangkan nilai rata-rata siswa kelas X Ips 2 adalah sebesar 73,55. Adanya perbedaan hasil belajar tersebut juga terbukti melalui pengujuan hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji-t dan taraf kepercayaan α = 0,05, dimana yaitu dengan demikian dalam penelitian ini ditolak dan diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara model probing promting dengan metode ceramah yaitu lebih tinggi hasil belajar yang menggunakan model probing promting.Kata Kunci : Probing Promting, Hasil Belajar, Sejarah.
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Zahra, Luthvia, Bambang Sri Anggoro, Tommy Tanu Wijaya, and Santi Widyawati. "The influence of probing-prompting learning model toward students’ mathematical reflective thinking skills." Journal of Advanced Sciences and Mathematics Education 1, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.58524/jasme.v1i2.58.
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This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 32 Bandar Lampung to determine the influence of the Probing-Prompting learning model toward students' mathematical reflective thinking skills on the relations and functions learning materials. The researchers employed the quasi-experimental design. The research data was collected through a description test. This research was conducted on the eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 32 Bandar Lampung. The samples consisted of sixty students determined using the cluster random sampling technique. Based on the Two-Way ANOVA test, the Probing-Prompting learning model significantly affected students' mathematical reflective thinking. Therefore, the learning model influenced the students' mathematical reflective thinking skills on the relations and functions learning materials.
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Fauziah, Laila Rahmatul, Ali Shodiqin, and Muhtarom Muhtarom. "Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Learning Cycle dan Probing Prompting berbantuan Puzzle terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa." Imajiner: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 1, no. 6 (December 9, 2019): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/imajiner.v1i6.4860.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuiefektivitas antara model pembelajaran Learning Cycledan model pembelajaran Probing Promptingberbantuan puzzleterhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian Quasi Eksperimental Design dengan desain Posttest-Only Control Designdi kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Mranggen. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu kelas X-IPS 4 sebagai kelas eksperimen I, X-IPS 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen II, X-IPS 2 sebagai kelas kontrol dengan menggunakan teknik Cluster Random Sampling. Data yang digunakan untuk evaluasi berupa soal uraian. Analisis data menggunakan uji anava satu arah, uji t satu pihak, uji t dua pihak dan uji ketuntasan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu;1) Terdapat perbedaan antaramodel pembelajaranLearning Cycle, Probing Prompting dan Konvensional; 2) Model pembelajaranLearning Cycle lebih efektifdari model pembelajaran Konvensional;3) ModelpembelajaranProbing Prompting lebih efektif darimodel pembelajaranKonvensional;4) Tidak terdapat perbedaan efektivitas antara model pembelajaranLearning Cycle danProbing Promptingterhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwamodel pembelajaran Learning Cycle dan Probing Prompting berbantuan puzzle lebih efektif dari model pembelajaran konvensional terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Random probing model"
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Taleb, Abdul Rahman. "Secure and Verified Cryptographic Implementations in the Random Probing Model." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS531.
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La contre-mesure de masquage est l'une des contre-mesures les plus puissantes pour contrer les attaques side-channel. Des modèles de fuite ont été exposés pour raisonner théoriquement sur la sécurité de telles implémentations masquées. Jusqu'à présent, le modèle de fuite le plus largement utilisé est le probing model par Ishai, Sahai et Wagner (CRYPTO 2003). Bien qu'il soit avantageux pour les preuves de sécurité, il ne capture pas un adversaire exploitant des traces de fuite complètes, comme dans les attaques horizontales. Pour capturer une classe plus large d'attaques, un autre modèle a été introduit, appelé random probing model. A partir d'un paramètre de fuite p, chaque fil du circuit fuit sa valeur avec probabilité p. Le modèle random probing bénéficie d'une pertinence pratique grâce à une réduction au modèle noisy leakage, qui est admis comme la formalisation appropriée pour les attaques de puissance et électromagnétiques par canaux latéraux. De plus, le modèle random probing est beaucoup plus pratique que le modèle noisy leakage pour prouver la sécurité des schémas de masquage. Pendant ce temps, la communauté ne l'avait pas largement étudié avant cette thèse, et aucune construction pratique n'existait dans la littérature de masquage. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions de plus près le modèle random probing et définissons le premier cadre qui lui est dédié. Nous formalisons une propriété de composition pour les gadgets sécurisés et montrons sa relation avec la notion de non-interférence forte (SNI) utilisée dans le probing model. Nous revisitons ensuite l'idée d'extension proposée par Ananth, Ishai et Sahai (CRYPTO 2018) et introduisons un compilateur qui construit un circuit sécurisé dans le modèle random probing à partir de petits gadgets, obtenant une propriété d'extensibilité de random probing (RPE). Notre construction peut tolérer une probabilité de fuite jusqu'à 2^{-7.09}, contre 2^{-26} pour la construction précédente. On obtient également une meilleure complexité asymptotique de O(K^{7.5}) contre O(K^{7.87}) pour la construction précédente, où kappa est le paramètre de sécurité. Nous proposons ensuite une analyse approfondie de la notion de sécurité RPE. Nous exposons les premières bornes supérieures pour le paramètre principal d'un gadget RPE, connu sous le nom d'ordre d'amplification, et introduisons les premières constructions génériques de gadgets satisfiant RPE et avec des ordres d'amplification presque optimaux. Cela nous permet d'obtenir des instanciations beaucoup plus efficaces du compilateur en expansion. Dans d'autres efforts pour optimiser les constructions pour l'expansion random probing, nous généralisons l'approche RPE en considérant un choix dynamique des gadgets à chaque étape de l'expansion. Cette approche permet d'utiliser des gadgets avec un nombre élevé de "shares" de masquage – qui bénéficient d'une meilleure complexité asymptotique dans le cadre d'expansion – tout en tolérant le meilleur taux de fuite habituellement obtenu pour les petits gadgets. Nous étudions des stratégies pour choisir la séquence de compilateurs et montrons qu'elle peut réduire la complexité de la stratégie d'expansion. Enfin, nous présentons Ironmask, un nouvel outil de vérification polyvalent pour vérifier la sécurité. IronMask est le premier à vérifier les notions de sécurité standard basées sur la simulation dans le modèle probing et les notions récentes de composition et d'extensibilité dans le modèle random probing. Il prend en charge presque tous les gadgets de masquage dans l'état de l'art tout en fournissant des résultats de vérification exactsThe masking countermeasure is among the most potent countermeasures to counteract side-channel attacks. Leakage models have been exhibited to theoretically reason on the security of such masked implementations. So far, the most widely used leakage model is the probing model defined by Ishai, Sahai, and Wagner (CRYPTO 2003). While it is advantageous for security proofs, it does not capture an adversary exploiting full leakage traces, such as in horizontal attacks. To capture a broader class of attacks, another model was introduced, referred to as the random probing model. From a leakage parameter p, each wire of the circuit leaks its value with probability p. The random probing model enjoys practical relevance thanks to a reduction to the noisy leakage model, which is admitted as the suitable formalization for power and electromagnetic side-channel attacks. In addition, the random probing model is much more convenient than the noisy leakage model to prove the security of masking schemes. Meanwhile, the community had not widely studied it before this thesis, and no practical constructions existed in the masking literature. In this thesis, we study more closely the random probing model and define the first framework dedicated to it. We formalize a composition property for secure random probing gadgets and exhibit its relation to the strong non-interference (SNI) notion used in probing security. We then revisit the expansion idea proposed by Ananth, Ishai, and Sahai (CRYPTO 2018) and introduce a compiler that builds a random probing secure circuit from small base gadgets, achieving a random probing expandability (RPE) property. Our construction can tolerate a leakage probability of up to 2^{-7.09}, against 2^{-26} for the previous construction. We also obtain a better asymptotic complexity of O(K^{7.5}) against O(K^{7.87}) for the previous construction, where kappa is the security parameter. We then provide an in-depth analysis of the RPE security notion. We exhibit the first upper bounds for the main parameter of an RPE gadget, known as the amplification order, and introduce the first generic constructions of gadgets achieving RPE for any number of shares and with nearly optimal amplification orders. This allows us to obtain much more efficient instantiations of the expanding compiler. In further efforts to optimize constructions for the random probing expansion, we generalize the RPE approach by considering a dynamic choice of the base gadgets at each step in the expansion. This approach makes it possible to use gadgets with a high number of shares –which enjoy better asymptotic complexity in the expansion framework– while still tolerating the best leakage rate usually obtained for small gadgets. We investigate strategies for choosing the sequence of compilers and show that it can reduce the complexity of the expansion strategy. Finally, we introduce Ironmask, a new versatile verification tool for masking security. IronMask is the first to verify standard simulation-based security notions in the probing model and recent composition and expandability notions in the random probing model. It supports any masking gadgets with linear randomness (eg addition, copy, and refresh gadgets) as well as quadratic gadgets (eg multiplication gadgets) that might include non-linear randomness (eg by refreshing their inputs) while providing complete verification results for both types of gadgets. We report various benchmarks which show that IronMask is competitive with state-of-the-art verification tools in the probing model. IronMask is also several orders of magnitude faster than Vraps --the only previous tool verifying random probing composability and expandability- and Silver --the only previous tool providing complete verification for quadratic gadgets with non-linear randomness
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Silva, Eveliny Barroso da. "Modelos dinâmicos de resposta binária para dados em painel." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4522.
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Previous issue date: 2008-06-06Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
A summary of the state of the art relative to regression models for binary response variable and panel data is presented in this work. Those models may include efects from several sources: specific variables of interest, heterogeneity between individuals and lagged values of the response variable. The original contributions of the author are simulation studies to compare two diferent approaches to maximum likelihood estimation of parameters of dynamic models with all three kinds of efects, and also a study of properties of such estimators in group sequential analysis, using the bootstrap methodology. Original codes were developed in R for implementation of simulation studies. The relevance of the subject and the non availability of appropriate codes in commercial software for fitting dynamic models for binary response justify the choice of the theme.
Neste trabalho é apresentado inicialmente um levantamento da literatura referente a modelos de regressão não lineares quando a variável resposta é binária e as observações são um painel de dados. Tais modelos podem incluir efeitos de várias fontes: variáveis específicas de interesse, heterogeneidade não observável dos indivíduos e valores defasados da variável resposta. A parte original do trabalho consiste nos estudos por simulação usando programação criada para esse fim no software R, visando comparar duas propostas recentes da literatura para ajustar, por máxima verossimilhança condicional, modelos dinâmicos que incluem os três tipos de efeitos mencionados. Também é original o estudo empírico, usando a metodologia de reamostragem \bootstrap", de características da distribuição conjunta dos estimadores dos parâmetros em análises intermediárias dos dados. A justificativa do trabalho é a atualidade do tema e a inexistência de programas de ajuste de modelos dinâmicos de resposta binária na maioria dos softwares comerciais.
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Albuquerque, André Massena de. "Sovereign credit rating mismatches." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12629.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraEste trabalho analisa que fatores, entre os determinantes de ratings soberanos encontrados na literatura, são responsáveis pelas diferenças entre os ratings de crédito soberanos de diferentes agências de rating, no período 1980-2015. Para tal, utilizaram-se modelos probit ordenados e simples de efeitos aleatórios com o objetivo de avaliar o poder explicativo de um conjunto de variáveis macroeconómicas e governamentais. Os resultados obtidos com os modelos estimados indicam que o saldo estrutural e a existência de um default nos últimos dez anos são as variáveis menos significativas enquanto o nível de dívida líquida, o saldo orçamental, o PIB per capita e a existência de um default nos últimos cinco anos são as variáveis que mais explicam as diferenças entre ratings de agências distintas.
In this work we study the factors, among the determinants of sovereign ratings found in the literature, leading to differences in sovereign credit ratings from different agencies, for the period 1980-2015. We employ random effects ordered and simple probit approaches to assess the explanatory power of different macroeconomic and government variables. Our results point to an average performance of the estimated models. Structural balance and the existence of a default in the last ten years were the least significant variables whereas the level of net debt, budget balance, GDP per capita and the existence of a default in the last five years were found to be the most relevant variables explaining the rating differences across agencies.
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Basu, Nandita. "Pedestrian route choice behaviour: Influences of built environment on route preference, safety and security." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/236797/1/Thesis_Nandita%2BBasu_24112022.pdf.
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Built environment factors influence pedestrian route choice behaviour, but their impact is not well known. This thesis investigates the influences of the built environment factors on walking route preference and safety. By using the ‘Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches’ framework, this research studied the perceptions and preferences of pedestrian route choice in a typical suburban environment in Australia through a stated preference survey. This thesis has established the interrelationship between safety, security, and built environment factors across men and women pedestrians. The findings highlight increasing land-use diversity and providing adequate trees may improve perceived safety and security among pedestrians.
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Li, Xibao. "Learning From the Implementation of Residential Optional Time of Use Pricing in the U.S. Electricity Industry." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1047271855.
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Ndunda, E. N. (Ezekiel Nthee). "Wastewater reuse in urban and peri-urban irrigation : an economic assessment of improved wastewater treatment, low-risk adaptations and risk awareness in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40235.
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The overall goal of this study was to analyse the welfare effect of improved wastewater treatment with the view of making policy recommendations for sustainable urban and peri-urban irrigation agriculture in Kenya. This goal was achieved by investigating three specific objectives. The first objective was to assess the farmers’ awareness of health risks in urban and peri-urban wastewater irrigation. Second objective was to analyse the factors that affect the choice of low-risk adaptations in reuse of untreated wastewater for irrigation. The third objective was to estimate the value that urban and peri-urban farmers who practice wastewater irrigation impute to improvements in specific characteristics of the wastewater input in agriculture.
In order to achieve the first objective, an ordered probit model was used to identify the factors that influence farmers’ awareness of health risks in untreated wastewater irrigation. The model was fitted to data collected from a cross-sectional survey of 317 urban farm households in the Kibera informal settlement of Kenya. Results of this study show that gender of household head, household size, education level of household head, farm size, ownership of the farm, membership to farmers’ group, and market access for the fresh produce significantly affect awareness of farmers about health risks in wastewater irrigation. Therefore, there is need for awareness programs to promote public education through regular training and local workshops on wastewater reuse in order to improve the human capital of the urban and peri-urban farmers.
To achieve the second objective, the study used a multinomial logit model to analyse the farmers’ choice of low-risk adaptations in untreated wastewater irrigation. A survey of 317 urban and peri-urban farmers was conducted and measures for risk-reduction in wastewater reuse were analysed. The urban and peri-urban farmers were found to have adopted low-risk wastewater irrigation techniques such as cessation of irrigation before harvesting, crop restriction and safer application methods. Results of the study show that adoption of risk-reduction measures is significantly influenced by the following factors: household size, age of the household head, education of household head, access to extension, access to media, access to credit, farmers’ group membership, and risk awareness. Also, marginal analysis of the coefficients confirmed the socio-economic characteristics are key determinants in adoption of low-risk measures in wastewater reuse. The study recommends that policies in support of low-risk urban and peri-urban irrigation agriculture should disaggregate farmers according to their socio-economic and institutional characteristics in order to achieve their intended objectives.
To achieve the third objective, the study employed the discrete choice experiment approach to estimate the benefits farmers impute to improvements in attributes of the wastewater irrigation input, whose aim is to reduce the health risks associated with untreated wastewater irrigation. Urban and peri-urban farmers who practice wastewater irrigation drawn from Motoine-Ngong River in Nairobi were randomly selected for the study. A total of 241 farmers completed the presented choice cards for the choice model estimation. A random parameter logit model was used to estimate the individual level willingness to pay for wastewater treatment. The results show that urban and peri-urban farmers are willing to pay significant monthly municipality taxes for treatment of wastewater. Conclusion of this study was that, quality of treated wastewater, quantity of treated wastewater and the riverine ecosystem restoration are significant factors of preference over policy alternative designs in wastewater treatment and reuse.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
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Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
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Passinhas, Joana Luzia Monteiro. "Estimating gender differences in the probability of unemployment : evidence from Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14715.
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Mestrado em Econometria Aplicada e PrevisãoAtravés de um modelo dinâmico probit de efeitos aleatórios, estimou-se a probabilidade de desemprego em Portugal de forma a avaliar se existem diferenças entre géneros nos efeitos parciais médios e na persistência do desemprego. Os dados utilizados provêm do Inquérito ao Rendimento e Condições de Vida (ICOR) para o período entre 2010 e 2013. A estimação é feita ao mesmo tempo que se controla pela heterogeneidade individual não observada e pelo problema das condições iniciais, que ocorre pelo fato de não se conhecer o processo estocástico que originou o estado de desemprego observado. Encontrámos forte evidência empírica de persistência do desemprego, e alguma evidência de que esta persistência é mais pronunciada para os homens. Através da inclusão de um efeito fixo especifico para as mulheres, que pretende captar o efeito da discriminação de género num período de instabilidade no mercado de trabalho, concluímos que existe evidência estatística de maior probabilidade de desemprego para as mulheres. Este trabalho tem como principais contributos o estudo dos determinantes da probabilidade de desemprego, que representa uma carência da literatura em economia do trabalho, no fato de o estudar num período de grande desemprego em Portugal, e no especial enfoque que dá à persistência do desemprego e à discriminação de género.
Using a dynamic random effects probit model we estimate the probability of unemployment in Portugal in order to assess gender differences in average partial effects and in unemployment persistence, with data from four waves of the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (ICOR), for the period between 2010 and 2013. The estimation occurs while controlling for unobserved individual heterogeneity and for the "initial conditions" problem, which arises from not knowing the stochastic process which originated the observed state of unemployment. We find strong evidence of persistence in unemployment, with some, although weak, evidence that men suffer more from the negative implications of previous unemployment. Simultaneously, we found evidence of higher probabilities of unemployment for women through a fixed effect that aimed to capture gender discrimination in an unstable labor market. The main contributions of the present work lie in the study of the determinants of the probability of unemployment, which represents a shortage in the current literature in labor economics, during a period of high unemployment in Portugal, and by having a special focus on unemployment persistence and gender discrimination.
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SAMPALEAN, NICULINA IUDITA. "ESPLORAZIONE DEL COMPORTAMENTO DEI CONSUMATORI NEI CONFRONTI DELLE DIVERSE ETICHETTE RELATIVE AGLI ALIMENTI DI QUALITÀ CERTIFICATA DALL'UNIONE EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/115280.
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Qualsiasi prodotto alimentare che si trova sul mercato contiene diverse etichette che aiutano i consumatori nel loro processo decisionale quando fanno acquisti. Questo aiuto può essere garantito solo se i consumatori comprendono il significato di queste etichette, le differenze tra loro e le informazioni che certificano.
La tesi ha esplorato il ruolo delle etichette nel settore del marketing alimentare usando studi condotti sull'approccio del consumatore. Utilizzando diversi metodi (statistici ed econometrici), abbiamo analizzato le percezioni, la consapevolezza e la conoscenza dei consumatori verso alcune etichette alimentari e le loro preferenze e comportamenti verso i prodotti alimentari che portano queste etichette (etichette nutrizionali sul fronte della confezione e marchi di qualità europei).
I prodotti alimentari certificati di qualità sono stati scelti perché sono drammaticamente rilevanti per il settore agroalimentare europeo, e ancora di più per quello italiano dove costituisce la DOP Economy, data la sua densità.
Sulla base dei risultati abbiamo formulato alcune raccomandazioni di marketing, policy, e di comunicazione che potrebbero essere utilizzate dai consorzi per migliorare l'impegno dei consumatori per i prodotti con marchi di qualità. Le raccomandazioni sono state rivolte anche ai policy maker e ai produttori dei prodotti DOP/IGP/STG/Organici ma anche ai policy maker dell'Etichettatura Nutrizionale.Any food product found on the market contains several labels that help consumers in their decision making when shopping. This help can be guaranteed only if the consumers understand the significance of those labels, the differences between them and the information that they certify. The thesis explored labels’ role in the food marketing sector and studies were carried out according to consumer approach. Using different methods (statistics and econometrics), we analyzed consumers perceptions, awareness, knowledge towards some food labels and their preferences and behavior toward food products bearing these labels (Front of Packaging Nutritional Labels and Quality labels). Quality certified food products were chosen because are dramatically relevant for the European agri-food sector, even more of the Italian one where it forms the DOP Economy, due to its density. Assessments of several food labels from a consumer behavior perspective was carried out. Based on the findings we formulated some policy, marketing recommendations and communication suggestions that could be used by the consortia to enhance consumers’ engagement for products with quality certifications (PDO/PG/TSG or organic). The recommendations were also addressed to policy makers and producers of the PDO/PGI/TSG/Organic products but also to the policy makers of the Nutritional Labelling.
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Bouhlal, Yasser. "A Retrospective and Prospective Analysis of the Demand for Cheese Varieties in the United States." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10745.
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The United States cheese consumption has grown considerably over the years. Using Nielsen Homescan panel data for calendar years 2005 and 2006, this dissertation examines the effect of economic and socio-demographic factors on the demand for disaggregated cheese varieties and on the cheese industry in general. In the first essay, we estimated the censored demand for 14 cheese varieties and identified the respective own-price and cross-price elasticities. Also, non-price factors were determined affecting the purchase of each variety as well as the impact of generic dairy advertising. Results revealed that most of the natural cheese varieties have an elastic demand while the processed cheese products exhibited inelastic demands. Strong substitution and complementarity relationships were identified as well, and a two quarter carry-over effect of advertising was observed for most of cheese demands. Results also showed that household demographics affected the demands differently, depending on the nature of the cheese varieties.
The second essay examined the impact of retail promotion on the decision to purchase private label processed cheese products using a probit model. A strong negative relationship was found between national brand manufacturer couponing activity and the private label purchase decision. Therefore, national brand couponing appears to be an effective strategy for manufacturers to deter private label growth. This analysis also shows that the decision of purchasing a private label cheese product is influenced by socio-demographic characteristics of the household, namely household income and size, age and education level of the household head, race, ethnicity, and location.
In the third study, the feasibility of fortifying processed cheese with omega-3 is investigated. This ex-ante analysis took into account the market conditions and evaluates the increase in the demand for processed cheese needed to offset the costs of fortification in order to maintain the profitability of manufacturers like Kraft. Initially, the censored demand for processed cheese products is estimated using panel data; subsequently, the profitability of manufacturing such product is determined.This analysis shows that, within reasonable market conditions and reasonable marginal costs, the fortification of processed cheese products with omega-3 fatty acids indeed is feasible from a profitability standpoint to manufacturers.
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(6992318), Tariq Usman Saeed. "Road Infrastructure Readiness for Autonomous Vehicles." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Contemporary research
indicates that the era of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is not only inevitable but
may be reached sooner than expected; however, not enough research has been done
to address road infrastructure readiness for supporting AV operations. Highway
agencies at all levels of governments seek to identify the needed
infrastructure changes to facilitate the successful integration of AVs into the
existing roadway system. Given multiple sources of uncertainty particularly the
market penetration of AVs, agencies find it difficult to justify the
substantial investments needed to make these infrastructure changes using
traditional value engineering approaches. It is needed to account for these
uncertainties by doing a phased retrofitting of road infrastructure to keep up
with the AV market penetration. This way, the agency can expand, defer, or
scale back the investments at a future time. This dissertation develops a real
options analysis (ROA) framework to address these issues while capturing the
monetary value of investment timing flexibility. Using key stakeholder feedback,
an extensive literature review, and discussions with experts, the needed
AV-motivated changes in road infrastructure were identified across two stages
of AV operations; the transition phase and the fully-autonomous phase. For a
project-level case study of a 66-mile stretch of Indiana’s four-six lane
Interstate corridor, two potential scenarios of infrastructure retrofitting
were established and evaluated using the net present value (NPV) and ROA
approaches. The results show that the NPV approach can lead to decisions at the
start of the evaluation period but does not address the uncertainty associated
with AV market penetration. In contrast, ROA was found to address uncertainty
by incorporating investment timing flexibility and capturing its monetary
value. Using the dissertation’s framework, agencies can identify and analyze a
wide range of possible scenarios of AV-oriented infrastructure retrofitting to
enhance readiness, at both the project and network levels.
Books on the topic "Random probing model"
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Arulampalam, Wiji. A note on estimated coefficients in random effects probit models. Coventry: University of Warwick, Department of Economics, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Random probing model"
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Belaïd, Sonia, Matthieu Rivain, and Abdul Rahman Taleb. "On the Power of Expansion: More Efficient Constructions in the Random Probing Model." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 313–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77886-6_11.
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Nobile, Agostino, Chandra R. Bhat, and Eric I. Pas. "A Random-Effects Multinomial Probit Model of Car Ownership Choice." In Case Studies in Bayesian Statistics, 419–34. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2290-3_13.
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Dwivedi, Laxmi Kant, and Mukesh Ranjan. "Sibling Death Clustering Among the Tribes of Central and Eastern India: An Application of Random Effects Dynamic Probit Model." In Demography and Health Issues, 337–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76002-5_28.
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Williams, David A. "Overdispersion in logistic-linear models." In Statistics in Toxicology, 75–86. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198523291.003.0007.
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Abstract The logistic-linear model is well established as the basis for analysing regression data, or data from a designed experiment, when the response variable is a proportion. Suppose that the data consist of a set of n cases. In the ith case ri successes, mi - ri failures, and a vector Xi of p explanatory variables are recorded. The logistic-linear model assumes that the ri are realizations of random variables Ri distributed independently Binomial(mi, θi), where θi is related to a linear predictor through the logistic link logit(θi) = log{θi/(l - θi)} = ηi;• An alternative link is the probit, given by probit(θi) = <I>-1(θi) = ηi, where <1>-1 denotes the inverse Normal distribution function.
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Anderson, Raymond A. "Predictive Modelling Techniques." In Credit Intelligence & Modelling, 503–46. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844194.003.0014.
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This chapter covers commonly-used supervised-learning techniques and combinations, with guidance on choices. (1) A view from on high—i) caveats—data dependency of predictive modelling; ii) language—in academic literature for representation of formulae and concepts. (2) Parametric—make assumptions about the relationships between predictors and predicted, and their distributions {linear regression, linear probability modelling (LPM), probit/logit, discriminant analysis, linear programming}. (3) Non-parametric—require few or no assumptions {k-nearest neighbours, Decisions Trees and Random Forests (RF)s, support vector machines, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms}. (4) Conglomerations—of models and approaches, whether i) practical—for business reasons; ii) parallel—developed using the same data, and then fused; iii) residual—subsequent models predict what prior models could not. Machine learning is introduced. (5) Making the choice—factors affecting the choice {regulatory/compliance, transparency/opacity, suitability to the statistical and business problems, skills availability, longer-term maintenance, development and implementation timeframes, speed of execution once implemented}.
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Onuwa, Godfrey C. "Determinants of Microcredit Access to SMEs From Abia State University Microfinance Bank." In Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development, 179–95. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5666-8.ch010.
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Access to microcredit is very vital in raising firm profitability and productivity, particularly for SMEs; it is a strategy for improved financial inclusion. Thus, the determinants of microcredit access to SMEs from Abia State University (ABSU) Microfinance Bank (MfB) were analyzed. Data generated via snowballing and simple random sampling was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Probit regression model. The socio-economic factors affected access to microcredit. The average amount of microcredit disbursed by the MfB was ₦109,500. Most (75%) invested in agricultural production and retail/petty trading (60%), respectively. The regression coefficient was 0.779. The identified constraints affected access to microcredit from the MfB. This study recommends adoption of measures to facilitate quick approvals and disbursement; improved financial information and trade union activities; provision of checklists and financial advisory services; mitigation of financial bottlenecks; repayment tenure restructuring; low interest rates; and improved financial inclusion.
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Singh, Ajay Kumar, and Santosh Singh. "A Case Study From Kanpur Nagar, Uttar Pradesh for Assessing the Economic Value of Water and Its Determinants." In Water-Soil-Plant-Animal Nexus in the Era of Climate Change, 212–42. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-9838-5.ch010.
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The chapter applied a willingness to pay ability (WPA) approach to estimate the economic value of drinking water (EVM) using primary data. The sample of 350 households are randomly taken from four wards of Kanpur Nagar, Uttar Pradesh (India). Simple OLS, probit, logit, and mixed-effect logit regression models are applied to examine the effect of social- economic variables on WPA of households to receive better water supply from suppliers. It found that the municipality is charging a very low price to provide water supply of 30 Kilolitre/household per month. However, implicit cost (IC) of water/household is found higher as compared to WPA. IC/household appeared high due to consumption of unsafe drinking water, and incidence of various waterborne health issues and diseases. Family size, occupation, and annual income showed a positive impact on WPA of households.
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Qiao, Yu, Milhan Moomen, Zhibo Zhang, Tariq Usman Saeed, Bismark Agbelie, and Samuel Labi. "Accounting for observation-specific correlation in deterioration modeling of bridge components using binary probit models with random effects." In Maintenance, Monitoring, Safety, Risk and Resilience of Bridges and Bridge Networks, 379. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207681-206.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Random probing model"
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Dumas, Louise, Guillaume Bascoul, Christina Villeneuve-Faure, François Marc, Hélène Fremont, and Christophe Guerin. "Nanoprobing on an MRAM Cell, Following a Backside Opening, to Extract Logical Data." In ISTFA 2023. ASM International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2023p0411.
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Abstract The direct measurement of the memory state (i.e. bit at “0” or at “1”) on single magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) in a commercial magnetic random access memory (MRAM) remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a probing approach to investigate the MTJ resistance and by this way determine the memory state. To reach this goal, the MRAM device needs to be prepared to create an electrical access to both sides of the MTJs. The suitable methodology consists in a backside preparation routine that creates a bevel allowing us to access the bottom side of the MTJs through vias and the top side to the bitlines. After that, two approaches are discussed to establish the electrical connection. First described is the nanoprobing technique where the electrical connection is created by two nanometric tips positioned in contact on vias and bitlines thanks to a scanning electron microscope. It is then possible to collect the current flowing through the MTJs and to evaluate the resistance. A resistance around 12 kΩ and 14 kΩ were determined for “0” and “1” bits respectively, which is in agreement with literature. Secondly, these measurements will be compared to those resulting from a near-field probing experiment done in a conductive mode. A resistance around 19 kΩ and 24 kΩ were determined for “0” and “1” bits respectively. The use of both methods allows for a cross-reference between the resistance values and a discussion on the advantages and drawbacks of both probing techniques.
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Sun, Ming, Ronggui Zhou, and Chengwu Jiao. "Exploring HAZMAT Truck Risk Factors with Driver Monitoring Systems Data Using Random Parameter Ordered Probit Model." In 22nd COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484265.160.
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Ogunyemi, Oluwole I. (PhD). "Effect of Poultry Farmers’ Socioeconomic Features on Selected Production Limiting Factors in Southwest Nigeria." In Advances in Multidisciplinary and Scientific Research Journal Publication. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams/lasustech2022v30p6.
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Poultry farmers are faced with many problems that reduce their capacity utilisation. The challenges have made a lot of poultry entrepreneurs to leave the business compellingly. Many interventions have been applied to solve production problems of the poultry farmers but they have not given the desired results. Also, literatures on poultry production in Nigeria are many and growing focusing mainly on production, economic and marketing research questions. Few have linked the socio-economic factors of poultry farmers with production management and challenges. The research, therefore, analysed the effects of socio-economic characteristics of poultry farmers on selected problems of poultry farming. Two-stage sampling procedure was adopted. At the first stage, three states: Ekiti, Lagos and Ondo were purposefully selected and at the second stage, simple random sampling was used to select 320 poultry farmers in the three states out of which 307 were successful for analysis. Data were collected on 10 socio-economic characteristics and 5 production problems: adverse effect of climate change, disease incidence, high cost of transportation, high feeds cost and high cost of drugs. Frequency distribution, percentage and Probit model were used to analyse data. 76.55%, 63.84%, 68.73% and 67.10% of the farmers were male, married, into farming as main occupation and belonged to cooperative in that order. Poultry farmers using battery cage system have higher likelihood, 0.497, of facing adverse effect of climate change than the farmers using deep litter system while those in Ekiti State have lower likelihood (-0.506) of facing the problem of climate change than those in Ondo and Lagos States. The likelihood of having disease incidence declines with membership of cooperative and increase in years of experience among the poultry farmers with the coefficients of -0.705 and -0.035 respectively. Poultry farmers that are members of cooperative are less likely to have high transportation cost and high cost of feeds as problems from the coefficients of -0.525 and -0.726 correspondingly. Though the probability of having high cost of drugs as production problem increases with age of farmers, older farmers are less likely to have the problem and farmers that have poultry production as main occupation have higher probability of having high cost of drugs than those that are into poultry farming as secondary occupation with the coefficients of 0.156, -0.002 and 0.402 respectively. The study recommends that deep litter system of production should be encouraged among poultry farmers to reduce the adverse effects of climate change. Cooperative membership should be encouraged among the poultry farmers to reduce transportation cost and disease incidence on farms. Also, poultry drug related assistance should be given to the farmers that engage in the enterprise as main occupation which demands the identification of poultry farmers that are into the enterprise as main occupation. Key words: Climate change, Cost of feeds, Cost of drug, Cost of transportation, Poultry farmer, Southwest Nigeria
Reports on the topic "Random probing model"
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Ogunbire, Abimbola, Panick Kalambay, Hardik Gajera, and Srinivas Pulugurtha. Deep Learning, Machine Learning, or Statistical Models for Weather-related Crash Severity Prediction. Mineta Transportation Institute, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2320.
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Nearly 5,000 people are killed and more than 418,000 are injured in weather-related traffic incidents each year. Assessments of the effectiveness of statistical models applied to crash severity prediction compared to machine learning (ML) and deep learning techniques (DL) help researchers and practitioners know what models are most effective under specific conditions. Given the class imbalance in crash data, the synthetic minority over-sampling technique for nominal (SMOTE-N) data was employed to generate synthetic samples for the minority class. The ordered logit model (OLM) and the ordered probit model (OPM) were evaluated as statistical models, while random forest (RF) and XGBoost were evaluated as ML models. For DL, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and TabNet were evaluated. The performance of these models varied across severity levels, with property damage only (PDO) predictions performing the best and severe injury predictions performing the worst. The TabNet model performed best in predicting severe injury and PDO crashes, while RF was the most effective in predicting moderate injury crashes. However, all models struggled with severe injury classification, indicating the potential need for model refinement and exploration of other techniques. Hence, the choice of model depends on the specific application and the relative costs of false negatives and false positives. This conclusion underscores the need for further research in this area to improve the prediction accuracy of severe and moderate injury incidents, ultimately improving available data that can be used to increase road safety.
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Mohammadian, Abolfazl, Ehsan Rahimi, Mohammadjavad Javadinasr, Ali Shamshiripour, Amir Davatgari, Afshin Allahyari, and Talon Brown. Analyzing the Impacts of a Successful Diffusion of Shared E-Scooters and Other Micromobility Devices and Efficient Management Strategies for Successful Operations in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-006.
Full textAbstract:
Active transportation can play an important role in promoting more physically active and positive public health outcomes. While walking and biking provide significant physical health benefits, their modal share remains low. As a new form of micromobility service, shared e-scooters can enhance the suite of options available in cities to promote active transportation and fill in the gaps when walking or biking are not preferred. Although e-scooters show potential as a mode of transportation, it is unclear whether people will adopt the technology for everyday use. Furthermore, shared micromobility (e.g., electric scooters) is gaining attention as a complementary mode to public transit and is expected to offer a solution to access/egress for public transit. However, few studies have analyzed integrated usage of shared e-scooters and public transit systems while using panel data to measure spatial and temporal characteristics. This study aims to examine the adoption and frequency of shared e-scooter usage and provide policy implementation. To do so, the researchers launched a survey in the Chicago region in late 2020 and collected a rich data set that includes residents’ sociodemographic details and frequency of shared e-scooter use. To characterize the frequency, the researchers used an ordered probit structure. The findings show that respondents who are male, low income, Millennials and Generation Z, or do not have a vehicle are associated with a higher frequency of shared e-scooter use. Furthermore, this study utilizes shared e-scooter trips for a 35-day measurement period from 10 shared e-scooter operators in Chicago, where the researchers used a random-parameter negative binomial modeling approach to analyze panel effects. The findings highlight the critical role of spatial and temporal characteristics in the integration of shared e-scooters with transit.