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1
Etherson, Marianne E., Martin M. Smith, Andrew P. Hill, and Gordon L. Flett. "Feelings of not Mattering and Depressive Symptoms From a Temporal Perspective: A Comparison of the Cross-Lagged Panel Model and Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 40, no. 1 (October 9, 2021): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07342829211049686.
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Are feelings of not mattering an antecedent of depressive symptoms, a consequence, or both? Most investigations focus exclusively on feelings of not mattering as an antecedent of depressive symptoms. Our current study examines a vulnerability model, a complication model, and a reciprocal relations model according to a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). A sample of 197 community adults completed the General Mattering Scale (GMS), the Anti-Mattering Scale (AMS), and a depression measure at three time points (i.e., baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks). GMS and AMS scores were associated robustly with depressive symptoms at each time point. Other results highlighted the need to distinguish levels of anti-mattering and mattering. CLPM analyses supported a reciprocal relations model of anti-mattering (assessed by the AMS) and depressive symptoms and a complication model linking mattering (assessed by the GMS) and depressive symptoms. The RI-CLPM analyses provided tentative support only for a complication model of anti-mattering and depressive symptoms. Our findings highlight the differences between measures of the mattering construct and the need to adopt a temporal perspective that considers key nuances and the interplay among feelings of mattering, feelings of not mattering, and depression.
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Masselink, M., E. Van Roekel, B. L. Hankin, L. Keijsers, G. M. A. Lodder, J. Vanhalst, M. Verhagen, J. F. Young, and A. J. Oldehinkel. "The Longitudinal Association between Self–Esteem and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents: Separating Between–Person Effects from Within–Person Effects." European Journal of Personality 32, no. 6 (November 2018): 653–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2179.
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Many longitudinal studies have investigated whether self–esteem predicts depressive symptoms (vulnerability model) or the other way around (scar model) in adolescents. The most common method of analysis has been the cross–lagged panel model (CLPM). The CLPM does not separate between–person effects from within–person effects, making it unclear whether the results from previous studies actually reflect the within–person effects or whether they reflect differences between people. We investigated the associations between self–esteem and depressive symptoms at the within–person level, using random intercept cross–lagged panel models (RI–CLPMs). To get an impression of the magnitude of possible differences between the RI–CLPM and the CLPM, we compared the results of both models. We used data from three longitudinal adolescent samples (age range: 7–18 years; study 1: N = 1948; study 2: N = 1455; study 3: N = 316). Intervals between the measurements were 1–1.5 years. Single–paper meta–analyses showed support for small within–person associations from self–esteem to depressive symptoms, but not the other way around, thus only providing some support for the vulnerability model. The cross–lagged associations in the aggregated RI–CLPM and CLPM showed similar effect sizes. Overall, our results show that over 1– to 1.5–year time intervals, low self–esteem may negatively influence depressive symptoms over time within adolescents, but only weakly so. © 2018 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology
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Beyens, Ine, Jessica Taylor Piotrowski, and Patti M. Valkenburg. "Which Came First? Assessing Transactional Relationships Between Children’s Violent Media Use and ADHD-Related Behaviors." Communication Research 47, no. 8 (June 22, 2018): 1228–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650218782300.
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This longitudinal study investigated transactional relationships between violent media use and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)–related behaviors among young children (ages 4-8 years). To investigate study hypotheses, we employed a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) using structural equation modeling with panel data from 890 children. Results provided evidence in support of a media selection process rather than media effects process, whereby an increase in a child’s ADHD-related behaviors predicted an increase in the child’s violent media use 1 year later. Results indicated that this longitudinal relationship was accounted for by within-child fluctuations over time rather than stable between-child differences. The findings highlight the importance of investigating transactional relationships as well as distinguishing between-person and within-person relationships.
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Morinaj, Julia, and Tina Hascher. "On the Relationship Between Student Well-Being and Academic Achievement." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 230, no. 3 (July 2022): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000499.
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Abstract. Student well-being is considered as both an enabling condition for positive learning outcomes and an essential educational outcome itself. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between student well-being and academic achievement cross-sectionally, leaving unclear the direction of causality. Employing 3 waves of data spaced 1 year apart, this longitudinal study used a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to account for between-person effects and segregate within-person effects between positive and negative dimensions of student well-being and academic achievement. Participants were 404 secondary school students in Switzerland in grades 7–9. The RI-CLPMs suggested that over 1-year time intervals students’ academic achievement may positively influence positive dimensions of student well-being (i.e., positive attitudes toward school, enjoyment in school, positive academic self-concept) within secondary school students. Negative dimensions of student well-being (i.e., worries in school, physical complaints, and social problems) were not associated with academic achievement.
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Griffin, Sarah C., Jonathan R. Young, Jennifer C. Naylor, Kelli D. Allen, Jean C. Beckham, and Patrick S. Calhoun. "Reciprocal Effects Between Depressive Symptoms and Pain in Veterans over 50 Years of Age or Older." Pain Medicine 23, no. 2 (October 13, 2021): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab294.
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Abstract Objective Depression and chronic pain are major problems in American veterans, yet there is limited long-term research examining how they relate to one another in this population. This study examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and pain in U.S. veterans 50 years of age or older. Methods This study used data on veterans from the 2002–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (n = 4,302), a large-scale observational study of Americans 50 years of age or older. Measures included a short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and two items assessing the presence and degree of pain. Analyses included random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM). Results In the RI-CLPM, there were roughly equivalent cross-lagged effects between depressive symptoms and pain. There was also evidence that depressive symptoms and pain have a trait-like component and that these trait-like characteristics are associated. Conclusions These findings indicate that depressive symptoms and pain in veterans are stable characteristics in American veterans 50 years of age or older. There appear to be reciprocal effects between the two, whereby deviations in one’s typical depressive symptoms predict subsequent deviations in one’s pain level and vice versa; however, the size of these effects is very small. These findings suggest that clinicians should treat both depressive symptoms and pain, rather than assume that treatment benefits in one domain will lead to major benefits in another.
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Rodríguez-Hidalgo, C. T., E. S. H. Tan, P. W. J. Verlegh, I. Beyens, and R. Kühne. "Don’t Stress Me Now: Assessing the Regulatory Impact of Face-to-Face and Online Feedback Prosociality on Stress During an Important Life Event." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 25, no. 5 (August 23, 2020): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmaa006.
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Abstract This study investigates the interplay between online and face-to-face (FtF) feedback on stress during an important life event. We present data on a two-month, six-wave longitudinal study of 468 Chilean adolescents across three important stages of a competitive national university selection test (Prueba de Selección Universitaria [PSU]) to assess longitudinal and reciprocal relationships. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) showed that online feedback had a small effect in decreasing stress during the three short-termed waves, before and after the three main events of the test: test taking, test scores, and final selection. No intrapersonal effects were found for FtF feedback on stress, and vice versa. At the interpersonal level, only feedback variables were related. Results suggest that prosocial replies on social media may slightly help to downregulate stress from important life events at the intrapersonal level, an effect which appears to be short-lived (e.g., only a few days), rather than long-lived (e.g., three weeks).
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Chia, Jonathan L., and Andree Hartanto. "Older Adult Employment Status and Well-Being: A Longitudinal Bidirectional Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 28, 2021): 12533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312533.
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Mixed findings in the literature on the effects of older adult employment on well-being and the reciprocal influence of well-being on employment suggest the need for more careful methodology in teasing out this relationship. Moreover, as previous research has shown that different domains of well-being relate to constructs differently, more nuanced definitions of well-being may be appropriate. The present study examined the longitudinal bidirectional associations of employment and different domains of well-being, controlling for stable within-person variables. The present study sampled older adults from the Midlife Development in the US study at three timepoints on employment status and well-being, specifically psychological, social, and subjective well-being. A Random-Intercept Cross-lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) approach was employed to determine the longitudinal bidirectional influence of employment and domains of well-being. Results showed that employment status was not associated with various well-being domains at a later time point. Results also showed that greater well-being, specifically in meaningfulness of society and personal growth, was associated with being employed at a later time point.
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Luo, Meng Sha, Lydia W. Li, and Ernest Wing Tak Chui. "Self-Perceptions of Aging and Control of Life in Late Adulthood: Between-Person and Within-Person Associations." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 9 (May 13, 2020): 1275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264320917303.
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Objectives: This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between two central concepts in aging research—self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and perceived control of life (COL). Method: The data came from three measurement points over a 9-year period in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A random intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) was estimated. Results: The covariations between SPA and COL across 9 years were evident at both the between-person level and the within-person within-time level. The results revealed a reciprocal relationship between SPA and COL: Higher than usual negative SPA predicted within-person decreases in COL 4 years later, and lower than usual COL predicted future within-person increases in negative SPA. Furthermore, SPA were found to have a somewhat larger effect on COL than the corresponding influence of COL on SPA. Discussion: This study enriches the stereotype embodiment theory and the practice by documenting a reciprocal interrelationship between SPA and COL.
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Lee, Gina. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL NETWORK AND PURPOSE IN LIFE: APPLICATION OF A RANDOM INTERCEPT CROSS-LAGGED MODEL." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2640.
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Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine if there are reciprocal effects between social network size and purpose in life among older adults using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. A second aim is to assess whether there are moderated effect of gender on this relationship. The sample included 1,485 male and 2,058 female adults 65 years and older. In order to examine the reciprocal effects between social network size and purpose in life over four time points (2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020), a random intercept cross-lagged model (Model 1) was computed. Then, two multiple group RI-CLPM analyses (Model 2 and 3) were computed in order to test moderation of gender on the relationship. Model 2 estimates the cross-lagged parameters freed and model 3 estimates the cross-lagged parameters constrained. The results indicated that Model 1 fit the data well, χ2(9) = 26.06, p = .002. The carry-over effects of social network and purpose in life were significant. The spill-over effect from wave 3 purpose in life on wave 4 social network was significant. The variance of the random intercepts were significant, indicating that there are stable, trait-like differences between social network and purpose in life. The results of the multiple group model revealed that there were no significant differences between the freed and constrained models, indicating that lagged effect for male and female appear to be same. Future research should explore if other factors like race or education show moderated effects.
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Mund, Marcus, Matthew D. Johnson, and Steffen Nestler. "Changes in Size and Interpretation of Parameter Estimates in Within-Person Models in the Presence of Time-Invariant and Time-Varying Covariates." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (September 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666928.
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For several decades, cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) have been the dominant statistical model in relationship research for investigating reciprocal associations between two (or more) constructs over time. However, recent methodological research has questioned the frequent usage of the CLPM because, amongst other things, the model commingles within-person associations with between-person associations, while most developmental research questions pertain to within-person processes. Furthermore, the model presumes that there are no third variables that confound the relationships between the longitudinally assessed variables. Therefore, the usage of alternative models such as the Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) or the Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals (LCM-SR) has been suggested. These models separate between-person from within-person variation and they also control for time constant covariates. However, there might also be third variables that are not stable but rather change across time and that can confound the relationships between the variables studied in these models. In the present article, we explain the differences between the two types of confounders and investigate how they affect the parameter estimates of within-person models such as the RI-CLPM and the LCM-SR.
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Serrano-Sánchez, Juan, Julia Zimmermann, and Kathrin Jonkmann. "Personality, behavioral engagement, and psychological adaptation of high school students abroad: A longitudinal perspective on between- and within-person dynamics." European Journal of Personality, September 25, 2022, 089020702211243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08902070221124311.
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International educational mobility is a life event that confronts sojourners with many challenges, such as adapting to a new living environment abroad. Whether these cultural adaptation processes are successful is contingent upon different factors. In the present study, we focused on the role of personality as well as host- and home-cultural behavioral engagement in the psychological adaptation of high school students during an academic year abroad. To that end, we analyzed data from the first four waves of the project Mobility and Acculturation Experiences of Students (MAPS) ( N = 1299 students in a year abroad) using a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to address these associations at the interpersonal and intrapersonal level. The analyses revealed the complex interplay between personality, host- and home-cultural behavioral engagement, and adaptation at both the interpersonal and intrapersonal levels of analysis. Moreover, host-cultural behavioral engagement also mediated the predictive effects of personality traits on the psychological adaptation of sojourners in the CLPM. Theoretical implications for personality and acculturation research and practical inferences for supporting students studying abroad are discussed.
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Lee, Gina, and Peter Martin. "Testing the Reciprocal Relationship Between Social Networks and Purpose in Life Among Older Adults: Application of a Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model." Journal of Aging and Health, February 17, 2023, 089826432311567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08982643231156721.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine if there are longitudinal reciprocal effects between social network size and purpose in life among older adults. Methods: Using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, the sample included 1485 male and 2058 female adults 65 years and older. We first computed t-tests to assess gender differences in social network size and purpose in life. In order to examine the reciprocal effects between social network size and purpose in life over four time points (2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020), a RI-CLPM (Model 1) was computed. In addition to the main model, two multiple group RI-CLPM analyses (Model 2 and 3) were computed to test the moderated gender effect on the relationship with models estimating unconstrained and constrained cross-lagged parameters. Results: The results of the t-tests denoted significant gender differences in social network size and purpose in life. The results indicated that Model 1 fit the data well. The carry-over effects of social networks and purpose in life and spill-over effect from wave 3 purpose in life on wave 4 social networks were significant. There were no significant differences between the constrained and unconstrained models testing for moderated gender effects. Discussion: The findings of the study highlight the significant carry-over effect of purpose in life and social network size over four years and the positive spill-over effect from purpose in life on social network size at the subsequent wave, which only appeared at the last time point.
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Schenk, Loïs, Miranda Sentse, Reshmi Marhe, Laura van Duin, Godfried Engbersen, Arne Popma, and Sabine Severiens. "The Longitudinal Interplay Between Social Network and Psychopathology in Multi-Problem Young Adult Men; Separating Within-and Between-Person Effects." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (December 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727432.
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Young adulthood is characterized by many life changes. Especially for young men with problems across different life domains (i.e., multi-problem), these changes may entail obstacles. Incidences of psychopathology increase during young adulthood and at the same time important shifts in social networks – such as changing relations with peers and parents, isolation, or deviant peer affiliation – take place. The present study examined the longitudinal interplay between psychopathology and social network characteristics over the course of 1 year in multi-problem young adults, at both between-person and within-person level. A sample of 696 multi-problem young adult men (age 18–27) participated in this three wave study. We used traditional cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) to examine how social network characteristics and psychopathology are related at the between-person level, and random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) to examine within-person links. Between-person associations between internalizing problems and social networks were bidirectional, and externalizing problems were related to problematic social network characteristics, but not vice versa. At the within-person level, no such cross-lagged paths were found. Overall, results indicated that in multi-problem young adults, social network characteristics and psychopathology are related. However, looking at within-person processes this relation is not reciprocal.
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Zheng, Kejun, Robert J. Coplan, Xinyin Chen, and Yufang Bian. "Longitudinal Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Preference for Solitude Among Chinese Early Adolescents: Separating Between-Person from Within-Person Effects." Journal of Early Adolescence, September 7, 2022, 027243162211247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02724316221124794.
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The goal of this study was to explore longitudinal associations between preference for solitude (PFS) and depressive symptoms among early adolescents in mainland China, with a focus on separating between-person and within-person effects using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). Participants were N = 1039 Chinese early adolescents ( Mage= 12.37, 46.1% girls, at Time 1), who completed annual self-reports of depressive symptoms and peer-nominations of PFS over a 3-years period. Results revealed that fluctuations in depressive symptoms consistently predicted fluctuations in PFS 1 year later, but not vice versa, supporting a symptoms-driven model. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of depressive symptoms in promoting subsequent PFS among early adolescents.
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Alamer, Abdullah, and Fakieh Alrabai. "The Causal Relationship between Learner Motivation and Language Achnievement: New Dynamic Perspective." Applied Linguistics, August 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/amac035.
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Abstract It is well known that successful second language (L2) learners are motivated individuals. Accordingly, L2 researchers have tested the predictive power of different motivational constructs on language learning outcomes. However, this perspective appears to neglect the assessment of achievement as a predictor of future motivation. To assess this possibility, we first employed the latent growth curve model (LGCM) to evaluate the initial values and growth rates of the two variables. We further applied a newly developed statistical method, the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), to study the causal relationship. A total of 226 language students were monitored for 17 weeks at three time points. The analysis showed an increasing trend in the association between the growth levels of both variables. However, students’ autonomous motivation at Time 1 appears to affect achievement at Time 2. Further, the second wave of the RI-CLPM illustrated that achievement at Time 2 impacted autonomous motivation at Time 3, while motivation failed to predict scores on achievement at Time 3.
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Visscher, Anke H., Savannah Boele, and Jaap J. A. Denissen. "Unraveling the Bidirectional Associations between Parental Knowledge and Children’s Externalizing Behavior." Journal of Youth and Adolescence, February 15, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01743-4.
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AbstractAlthough within- and between-family bidirectional associations between parental knowledge and children’s externalizing behavior have been theoretically proposed, studies that unravel these associations simultaneously remain scarce. This study examined these bidirectional associations within and between German families. 3611 families participated across one-year intervals between children ages 8 to 15 (50.6% boys, 34.5% fathers, 89.0% German-born, Mwaves = 3.63, SDwaves = 2.00). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) with linear slopes revealed negative between-family associations between parental knowledge and children’s externalizing behavior, and a negative association between the random linear slopes. Generally, no within-family cross-lagged effects were found, but there were some correlated slopes across families. When teasing apart paternal and maternal knowledge, father-driven but not mother-driven lagged effects of increased knowledge predicting decreased externalizing behavior were found. The findings illustrate the importance of fathers’ knowledge and new directions for within-family studies of parent-child interactions.
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Fredrick, Stephanie S., Amanda B. Nickerson, and Jennifer A. Livingston. "Family cohesion and the relations among peer victimization and depression: A random intercepts cross-lagged model." Development and Psychopathology, March 30, 2021, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457942100016x.
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Abstract The relation between peer victimization and depressive symptoms is complex, requiring the use of methodologically rigorous designs to examine these relations and potential mediating factors. The current study used a random intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to investigate both between-person and within-person associations in peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and family cohesion across five waves in a sample of adolescents (N = 801, ages 13–15 years at recruitment) in the Northeast. We also investigated the moderating effects of sex and victimization status (i.e., bullying victimization vs. peer victimization). Overall, findings revealed a reciprocal relation between peer victimization and depressive symptoms for females, but no relation for males. A reciprocal relation between peer victimization and family cohesion was found for males. No significant differences were found by victimization status. Future research on peer victimization and associated outcomes and the role of family should account for both between-person and within-person variance.
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Grosz, Michael P., Shalom H. Schwartz, and Clemens M. Lechner. "The longitudinal interplay between personal values and subjective well-being: A registered report." European Journal of Personality, May 14, 2021, 089020702110129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08902070211012923.
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A large body of cross-sectional research on personal values and subjective well-being has inspired theories of the interplay between personal values and subjective well-being. In this registered report, we investigated which of these theories fit best with the longitudinal associations between values and cognitive and affective subjective well-being. We hypothesized that openness-to-change values have a causal effect on subjective well-being and that subjective well-being, in turn, has a causal effect on openness-to-change values. We analyzed 12 waves of a German panel study ( N = 9,723) with random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM). Partly consistent with our hypotheses, all four six-month cross-lagged effects and one of four 18-month cross-lagged effects from openness-to-change values to subjective well-being and vice versa were statistically significant. Neither openness-to-change values nor subjective well-being appeared to be causally predominant over the other. Additional exploratory analyses yielded little evidence for cross-lagged effects from conservation, self-transcendence, and self-enhancement to subjective well-being or vice versa. Overall, our findings are compatible with theorized bidirectional influences between openness-to-change values and subjective well-being. Time-varying confounders might provide an alternative explanation for the cross-lagged associations that we could not rule out. We conclude with directions for further theory-driven research on the values–subjective well-being interface.
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Sander, Julia, Paul Schumann, David Richter, and Jule Specht. "Leisure Activities as a Driver of Personality Development? A Random-Intercept Cross-lagged Panel Model Across 13 Years in Adulthood." Collabra: Psychology 7, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/collabra.23473.
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Repeated experiences and activities drive personality development. Leisure activities are among the daily routines that may elicit personality change. Yet despite the important role they play in daily life, little is known about their prospective effects on personality traits and vice versa. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which within-person changes in leisure activities lead to prospective changes in personality traits, and whether changes in personality elicit prospective changes in leisure activities. We applied random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) to four waves of 13-year longitudinal data (2005−2017) from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) for the sample as a whole (N = 55,790) and for three specific age groups (young, middle-aged, and older adults). We examined between-person associations and within-person auto-regressive effects, correlated change and cross-lagged effects for Big Five personality traits (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) with self-reported frequency of leisure activities (i.e., physical activities, socializing, volunteering, political activity, artistic and musical activity, going out) and overall participation in leisure activities. At the between-person level, leisure activities and overall participation were most strongly associated with openness to experience. At the within-person level, we found reciprocal effects of extraversion only with overall participation in leisure activities and socializing. We found unidirectional within-person cross-lagged effects between leisure activities and personality traits and vice versa. Some effects were age-group-specific only. These findings suggest that leisure activities that are associated with certain traits at the between-person level are not necessarily those that trigger change in the respective personality trait. We discuss our findings based on the TESSERA framework for personality development. We conclude that the specificity of an experience or behavior and its corresponding trait is essential for personality development and should be subjected to further research.
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Yamada, Keiko, Heather Adams, Tamra Ellis, Robyn Clark, Craig Sully, Christian Lariviere, and Michael JL Sullivan. "The temporal relation between pain and fatigue in individuals receiving treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain." BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 23, no. 1 (March 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05162-7.
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Abstract Background Numerous investigations have revealed significant relations between pain and fatigue in individuals with persistent pain conditions. However, the direction of influence between pain and fatigue remains unclear. Shortcomings of design and analytic approaches used in previous research limit the nature of conclusions that can be drawn about possible causal or directional relations between pain and fatigue. The present study investigated the temporal relation between changes in pain and changes in fatigue in individuals with musculoskeletal pain enrolled in a 10-week behavioral activation intervention. On the basis of previous findings, it was hypothesized that analyses would support a bi-directional relation between pain and fatigue. Methods The study sample consisted of 104 individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain participating in a 10-week standardized rehabilitation intervention. Measures of pain intensity and fatigue were completed pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. The three-wave data panel permitted examination of the direction of influence between pain and fatigue through the course of the intervention. A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) was used to examine the temporal relation between pain and fatigue. Results Consistent with previous research, cross-sectional analyses of pre-treatment data revealed significant correlations between measures of pain and fatigue. Significant reductions in pain and fatigue were observed through the course of treatment (d = 0.33 and d = 0.66, p < .001, respectively). RI-CLPM revealed that pain severity predicted later fatigue (pre to mid-treatment standardized path coefficient (β) = 0.55, p = 0.02; mid to post-treatment β = 0.36, p = 0.001); however, fatigue did not predict later pain severity. Conclusions Discussion addresses the processes that might underlie the temporal relation between pain and fatigue. Clinical implications of the findings are also discussed.
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Lauriola, Marco, Sara Iannattone, and Gioia Bottesi. "Intolerance of Uncertainty and Emotional Processing in Adolescence: Separating Between-Person Stability and Within-Person Change." Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, January 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-022-01020-1.
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AbstractPrevious research on the relation between Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) and Emotional Processing (EP) during adolescence is limited. The present study aimed to clarify how IU and EP evolve over time, to what extent they are related, and whether changes in one precede or follow changes in the other. A total of 457 Italian adolescents (53.1% girls) aged 11 to 18 years (M = 14.1 ± 2.27) completed the IU and EP scales on three separate occasions three months apart (T1, T2, and T3). Data were modeled using a Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) that separates individual differences between individuals from intraindividual changes. Descriptive analyses showed that IU was relatively stable between T1 and T2 and decreased slightly between T2 and T3. Consistent with the view that emotion regulation improves as adolescents develop, EP difficulties were found to decrease between T1 and T2 and between T2 and T3. The RI-CLPM revealed a strong between-person effect, showing that individual differences in IU and EP remained consistent throughout the study. In addition, significant within-person change was found, with adolescents who increased their IU at T1 and T2 also increasing their EP difficulties at T2 and T3, respectively. The opposite effect had a smaller effect size. In sum, our study showed that IU and EP are intertwined in adolescents and that changes in IU precede corresponding changes in EP. These results suggest a priority of change between IU and EP and confirm the relationship between IU and emotion regulation problems in adolescence.
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Marsh, Herbert W., Reinhard Pekrun, and Oliver Lüdtke. "Directional Ordering of Self-Concept, School Grades, and Standardized Tests Over Five Years: New Tripartite Models Juxtaposing Within- and Between-Person Perspectives." Educational Psychology Review, April 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10648-022-09662-9.
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AbstractMuch research shows academic self-concept and achievement are reciprocally related over time, based on traditional longitudinal data cross-lag-panel models (CLPM) supporting a reciprocal effects model (REM). However, recent research has challenged CLPM's appropriateness, arguing that CLPMs with random intercepts (RI-CLPMs) provide a more robust (within-person) perspective and better control for unmeasured covariates. However, there is much confusion in educational-psychology research concerning appropriate research questions and interpretations of RI-CLPMs and CLPMs. To clarify this confusion, we juxtapose CLPMs and RI-CLPMs relating math self-concept (MSCs), school grades, and achievement tests over the five years of compulsory secondary schooling (N = 3,425). We extend basic models to evaluate: directional ordering among three rather than only two constructs; longitudinal invariance over time (multiple school years) and multiple groups (school tracks); lag-2 paths between non-adjacent waves; and covariates (gender, primary-school math and verbal achievement). Across all basic and extended RI-CLPMs and CLPMs, there was consistent support for the REM bidirectional-ordering hypothesis that self-concept and achievement are each a cause and an effect of the other. Consistent with the logic of these models, extensions of the basic models had more effect on CLPMs, but the direction and statistical significance of cross-lagged paths were largely unaffected for both RI-CLPMs and CLPMs. This substantive-methodological synergy has important implications for theory, methodology, and policy/practice; we support the importance of MSC as a predictor of subsequent achievement and demonstrate a more robust methodological framework for evaluating longitudinal-panel models.
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Rautanen, Pihla, Tiina Soini, Janne Pietarinen, and Kirsi Pyhältö. "Dynamics between perceived social support and study engagement among primary school students: A three-year longitudinal survey." Social Psychology of Education, October 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11218-022-09734-2.
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AbstractPerceived high study engagement relates to higher school achievement and has been found to promote social and emotional well-being as well. Social support for studying has typically been examined as a resource for study engagement. However, the interrelation between social support and study engagement is likely to be bidirectional: engaged students might be more willing to find and share social support in their studies. The students' emotions and attitudes toward studying (i.e., study engagement) may also influence the teachers’ and guardians’ tendency to provide support for that individual student’s studies. This study explores the bidirectional interrelations between perceived social support for studying and perceived study engagement using three-wave longitudinal survey data in which students are followed from the fourth to sixth grade collected in 2017, 2018, and 2019 (N = 2401). The data are analyzed using the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). The results indicate that perceived study engagement is a stronger and more consistent predictor of later perceived social support from teachers and among peers than vice versa. Moreover, teacher support has a bidirectional interrelation with study engagement. Girls perceive more study engagement, teacher support, and peer support in the fourth and fifth grades when compared with boys.
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Hare, Megan M., Elisa M. Trucco, Samuel W. Hawes, Michelle Villar, and Robert A. Zucker. "Pathways to substance use: Examining conduct problems and parenting behaviors from preschool to adolescence." Development and Psychopathology, February 6, 2023, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579422001328.
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Abstract While many studies have identified risk and protective factors of substance use (SU), few have assessed the reciprocal associations of child conduct problems (CP) and parenting practices and behaviors in the prediction of SU across development. A greater understanding of how these factors relate over time is needed to improve the timing of targeted prevention efforts. This study examined how child CP, parenting behaviors, and parents’ own antisocial behavior relate from preschool to adolescence and eventuate in SU. Participants included 706 youth (70.6% male; 89.7% white) enrolled in the Michigan Longitudinal Study. Data from waves 1 (ages 3–5), 2 (ages 6–8), 3 (ages 9–11), 4 (ages 12–14), and 5 (ages 15–17) were included. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) examined reciprocal associations between parenting practices, parents’ antisocial behavior, and child CP over time (waves 1–4) and how these factors contribute to adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use (wave 5). At the within-person level, negative parenting and parents’ own antisocial behavior had a strong influence in late childhood/early adolescence. Only child CP emerged as a significant predictor of SU. Results highlight the importance of early intervention and the potential influence of parenting and child factors throughout development in the prevention of SU.
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Bargmann, Carina, and Simone Kauffeld. "The interplay of time management and academic self-efficacy and their influence on pre-service teachers’ commitment in the first year in higher education." Higher Education, February 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00983-w.
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AbstractThe first academic year involves a variety of challenges students must overcome to maintain their commitment to enter the teaching profession. Students can build on their initial experience in the second semester, while everything is new in the first semester. This longitudinal study investigates the interplay of academic self-efficacy and time management, which are seen as crucial in the first year, and their effects on pre-service teachers’ commitment to their studies in the first year. By considering three measurement points in a random intercept-cross lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to data from 579 students, we distinguish for the first time between-person and within-person effects and compare the students’ experiences in the first and second semester. As expected, students with higher self-efficacy were more committed to their studies and reported better time management. We found considerable differences in the relationships between the first and second semesters at the within-person level, revealing that students’ prior time management was not significantly connected with subsequent commitment in the first semester, but in the second semester. Surprisingly, students’ self-efficacy showed a small negative relationship with commitment in both semesters. Theoretical and practical implications for students, lecturers, and higher education institutions are discussed.
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Boele, Savannah, Stefanie A. Nelemans, Jaap J. A. Denissen, Peter Prinzie, Anne Bülow, and Loes Keijsers. "Testing transactional processes between parental support and adolescent depressive symptoms: From a daily to a biennial timescale." Development and Psychopathology, May 12, 2022, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579422000360.
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Abstract Transactional processes between parental support and adolescents’ depressive symptoms might differ in the short term versus long term. Therefore, this multi-sample study tested bidirectional within-family associations between perceived parental support and depressive symptoms in adolescents with datasets with varying measurement intervals: Daily (N = 244, Mage = 13.8 years, 38% male), bi-weekly (N = 256, Mage = 14.4 years, 29% male), three-monthly (N = 245, Mage = 13.9 years, 38% male), annual (N = 1,664, Mage = 11.1 years, 51% male), and biennial (N = 502, Mage = 13.8 years, 48% male). Preregistered random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) showed negative between- and within-family correlations. Moreover, although the preregistered models showed no within-family lagged effect from perceived parental support to adolescent depressive symptoms at any timescale, an exploratory model demonstrated a negative lagged effect at a biennial timescale with the annual dataset. Concerning the reverse within-family lagged effect, increases in adolescent depressive symptoms predicted decreases in perceived parental support 2 weeks and 3 months later (relationship erosion effect). Most cross-lagged effects were not moderated by adolescent sex or neuroticism trait level. Thus, the findings mostly support adolescent-driven effects at understudied timescales and illustrate that within-family lagged effects do not generalize across timescales.
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Dijk, Willeke van, Marleen H. M. de Moor, Mirjam Oosterman, Anja C. Huizink, and Karen Matvienko-Sikar. "Longitudinal relations between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors: Testing within-person changes, bidirectionality and mediating mechanisms." Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 16 (December 16, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.942363.
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IntroductionParenthood can be experienced as a pleasant but challenging period for parents, possibly accompanied by parenting stress. Early parenthood in particular is a vulnerable period as many parents experience biological and psychosocial changes related to new parenthood. Previous studies have shown that parenting stress is related to child behavior problems, but few studies have investigated the transactional relations across time between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing outcomes separately, examining within-person changes. The first aim of this study was to examine the transactional within-person associations of parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems across childhood from age 9 months to 9 years. As a second aim, we examined parenting as a possible underlying mechanism of the transactional associations by testing whether parental warmth and hostility mediate within-person associations of parenting stress and child behavior across time.MethodData were analyzed from the Growing Up in Ireland longitudinal child cohort study including 7,208 caregiver-child dyads at wave 1 (child’s age 9 months), who were followed at child’s age three (wave 2), five (wave 3), and 9 years (wave 5). Primary caregiver’s and child’s age and gender, household income, occupational status, educational status, partner status, and cultural background were covariates assessed at all waves. Data were analyzed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) in R-lavaan.ResultsBidirectional relations between parenting stress and child behavior were found for both internalizing and externalizing behavior from age 5 to 9, but not for earlier time points.DiscussionOur results did not indicate mediating effects of parental warmth or parental hostility in the associations between parenting stress and child behavior problems. Therefore, we conclude that parenting stress and child internalizing as well as parenting stress and child externalizing behaviors have transactional associations from child’s age 5 to 9 years. Future research examining transactional associations of parenting stress and child behaviors should investigate possible other mediations taking a within-person approach by utilizing the RI-CLPM.
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Metrik, Jane, Angela K. Stevens, Rachel L. Gunn, Brian Borsari, and Kristina M. Jackson. "Cannabis use and posttraumatic stress disorder: prospective evidence from a longitudinal study of veterans." Psychological Medicine, June 17, 2020, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329172000197x.
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Abstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most highly co-occurring psychiatric disorder among veterans with cannabis use disorder (CUD). Despite some evidence that cannabis use prospectively exacerbates the course of PTSD, which in turn increases the risk for CUD, the causal nature of the relationship between cannabis and psychiatric comorbidity is debated. The longitudinal relationship between PTSD diagnosis and traumatic intrusion symptoms with cannabis use and CUD was examined using cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) analysis. Methods Prospective data from a longitudinal observational study of 361 veterans deployed post-9/11/2001 included PTSD and CUD diagnoses, cannabis use, and PTSD-related traumatic intrusion symptoms from the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms. Results A random intercept CLPM analysis that leveraged three waves (baseline, 6 months and 12 months) of cannabis use and PTSD-related intrusion symptoms to account for between-person differences found that baseline cannabis use was significantly positively associated with 6-month intrusion symptoms; the converse association was significant but reduced in magnitude (baseline use to 6-month intrusions: β = 0.46, 95% CI 0.155–0.765; baseline intrusions to 6-month use: β = 0.22, 95% CI −0.003 to 0.444). Results from the two-wave CLPM reveal a significant effect from baseline PTSD to 12-month CUD (β = 0.15, 95% CI 0.028–0.272) but not from baseline CUD to 12-month PTSD (β = 0.12, 95% CI −0.022 to 0.262). Conclusions Strong prospective associations capturing within-person changes suggest that cannabis use is linked with greater severity of trauma-related intrusion symptoms over time. A strong person-level directional association between PTSD and CUD was evident. Findings have significant clinical implications for the long-term effects of cannabis use among individuals with PTSD.
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Lim, Michele C., Sam Parsons, Alessia Goglio, and Elaine Fox. "Anxiety, stress, and binge eating tendencies in adolescence: a prospective approach." Journal of Eating Disorders 9, no. 1 (August 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40337-021-00444-2.
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Abstract Background Recent years have witnessed an increasing prevalence of binge eating tendencies in adolescence—warranting a clearer understanding of their underlying predisposing and precipitating factors. The current study investigated whether the interaction between high levels of anxiety and stress predicted increased levels of binge eating tendencies in a prospective cohort of adolescents (N = 324). Methods Measurements were taken over three waves (M ages: 13.33, 14.48, 15.65) as part of the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study. Longitudinal associations between levels of anxiety and stress with binge eating tendencies were estimated using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), which calculates within-person fluctuations over time while accounting for individual trait-like stability and between-person variations. Binge eating tendencies were measured by the Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, and Emotional Eating styles from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Two models were created for each binge eating tendencies variable: (1) a basic model with anxiety and stress as independent variables; (2) an interaction model with an additional anxiety*stress interaction term. Model fit was assessed by SEM fit indices: X2, CFI, NFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR. Superior model fit was ascertained by a chi-square difference test (p < .05). Results For Cognitive Restraint, the interaction model demonstrated superior fit to the data (p < .05). The anxiety*stress interaction at Waves 1 and 2 was significantly negatively associated with Cognitive Restraint at Waves 2 (β = −0.18, p = .002) and 3 (β = −0.14, p = .002)—suggesting that anxiety and stress interacted to predict increased binge eating tendencies linked with cognitive restraint over and above their independent effects. In contrast, the interaction term between anxiety*stress did not predict levels of Uncontrolled Eating or Emotional Eating over time. Conclusions The results highlight the importance of increasing awareness of the interaction between concurrently high anxiety and stress as a potential risk factor for binge eating tendencies in young people. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Hübner, Nicolas, Wolfgang Wagner, Steffen Zitzmann, and Benjamin Nagengast. "How Strong Is the Evidence for a Causal Reciprocal Effect? Contrasting Traditional and New Methods to Investigate the Reciprocal Effects Model of Self-Concept and Achievement." Educational Psychology Review 35, no. 1 (January 24, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09724-6.
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AbstractThe relationship between students’ subject-specific academic self-concept and their academic achievement is one of the most widely researched topics in educational psychology. A large proportion of this research has considered cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs), oftentimes synonymously referred to as reciprocal effects models (REMs), as the gold standard for investigating the causal relationships between the two variables and has reported evidence of a reciprocal relationship between self-concept and achievement. However, more recent methodological research has questioned the plausibility of assumptions that need to be satisfied in order to interpret results from traditional CLPMs causally. In this substantive-methodological synergy, we aimed to contrast traditional and more recently developed methods to investigate reciprocal effects of students’ academic self-concept and achievement. Specifically, we compared results from CLPMs, full-forward CLPMs (FF-CLPMs), and random intercept CLPMs (RI-CLPMs) with two weighting approaches developed to study causal effects of continuous treatment variables. To estimate these different models, we used rich longitudinal data of N = 3757 students from lower secondary schools in Germany. Results from CLPMs, FF-CLPMs, and weighting methods supported the reciprocal effects model, particularly when math self-concept and grades were considered. Results from the RI-CLPMs were less consistent. Implications from our study for the interpretation of effects from the different models and methods as well as for school motivation theory are discussed.
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Wehner, Caroline, and Matthias Ziegler. "Narcissism and friendship quality: A longitudinal approach to long-term friendships." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, August 19, 2022, 026540752211220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02654075221122023.
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Narcissistic admiration and rivalry have been studied in various social relationship contexts, with findings indicating that the former is related to initial popularity while the latter tends to cause problems in the longer term. In particular, the social partners of individuals with high narcissism tend to have higher costs and fewer benefits. But how does narcissism affect the perception of a long-term friendship? To gain insight into perceived friendship quality in dependence on narcissism, NT1 = 831 individuals reported on their narcissism and relationship quality with a close friend at four measurement occasions ( NT2 = 619, NT3 = 484, NT4 = 420). We analyzed bivariate relations and random intercepts cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) of narcissistic admiration and rivalry, and two positive (appreciation and intimacy) and two negative (conflict and dominance) indicators of friendship quality. Our results generally supported findings that narcissistic rivalry tends to lead to less positive and more negative experiences in social relationships. Narcissistic admiration and rivalry were both found to be positively related to conflict. Narcissistic rivalry was negatively related to appreciation and intimacy. At the within-person level, observed with the RI-CLPMs, appreciation influenced later narcissistic rivalry and was influenced by narcissistic admiration and rivalry. Thus, not feeling appreciated was related to subsequent increases in narcissistic rivalry, while more agentic and antagonistic behavior was related to subsequently lower perceptions of appreciation. We discuss that negative effects of narcissistic rivalry found in previous research for friendship formation also seem to emerge in the phase of friendship maintenance.
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Kellij, Sanne, Gerine M. A. Lodder, Matteo Giletta, Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck, Berna Güroğlu, and René Veenstra. "Are there negative cycles of peer victimization and rejection sensitivity? Testing ri-CLPMs in two longitudinal samples of young adolescents." Development and Psychopathology, February 16, 2023, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579423000123.
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Abstract This study’s aim was to examine whether there are negative increasing cycles of peer victimization and rejection sensitivity over time. Drawing from Social Information Processing Theory, we hypothesized that victimization leads to higher levels of rejection sensitivity, which would put adolescents at risk for higher future victimization. Data were collected in a four-wave study with 233 Dutch adolescents starting secondary education (Mage = 12.7 years), and a three-wave study with 711 Australian adolescents in the last years of primary school (Mage = 10.8 years). Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to disentangle between-person from within-person effects. In each sample, a significant between-person association was found: adolescents with higher levels of victimization as compared to their peers also reported higher levels of rejection sensitivity. At the within-person level, all concurrent associations between individual fluctuations of victimization and rejection sensitivity were significant, but there were no significant cross-lagged effects (except in some sensitivity analyses). These findings demonstrate that victimization and rejection sensitivity are interrelated, but there may not be negative victimization-rejection sensitivity cycles during the early-middle adolescent years. Possibly, cycles establish earlier in life or results are due to shared underlying factors. Further research is needed examining different time lags between assessments, age groups, and contexts.
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Choate, Alexandria M., Marina A. Bornovalova, Alison E. Hipwell, Tammy Chung, and Stephanie D. Stepp. "The general psychopathology factor (p) from adolescence to adulthood: Exploring the developmental trajectories of p using a multi-method approach." Development and Psychopathology, July 11, 2022, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579422000463.
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Abstract Considerable attention has been directed towards studying co-occurring psychopathology through the lens of a general factor (p-factor). However, the developmental trajectory and stability of the p-factor have yet to be fully understood. The present study examined the explanatory power of dynamic mutualism theory – an alternative framework that suggests the p-factor is a product of lower-level symptom interactions that strengthen throughout development. Data were drawn from a population-based sample of girls (N = 2450) who reported on the severity of internalizing and externalizing problems each year from age 14 to age 21. Predictions of dynamic mutualism were tested using three distinct complementary statistical approaches including: longitudinal bifactor models, random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs), and network models. Across methods, study results document preliminary support for mutualistic processes in the development of co-occurring psychopathology (that is captured in p). Findings emphasize the importance of exploring alternative frameworks and methods for better understanding the p-factor and its development.