Journal articles: 'Random communication delay'

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Ge, Yuan, Qigong Chen, Ming Jiang, and Yiqing Huang. "Modeling of Random Delays in Networked Control Systems." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/383415.

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In networked control systems (NCSs), the presence of communication networks in control loops causes many imperfections such as random delays, packet losses, multipacket transmission, and packet disordering. In fact, random delays are usually the most important problems and challenges in NCSs because, to some extent, other problems are often caused by random delays. In order to compensate for random delays which may lead to performance degradation and instability of NCSs, it is necessary to establish the mathematical model of random delays before compensation. In this paper, four major delay models are surveyed including constant delay model, mutually independent stochastic delay model, Markov chain model, and hidden Markov model. In each delay model, some promising compensation methods of delays are also addressed.

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Pang, Zhong-Hua, Zhen-Yi Liu, Zhe Dong, and Tong Mu. "An Event-Triggered Networked Predictive Control Method Using an Allowable Time Delay." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 26, no. 5 (September 20, 2022): 768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2022.p0768.

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An event-triggered network predictive control method, which uses allowable time delays, was developed for networked control systems with random network delays, packet disorders, and packet dropouts in the feedback and forward channels. In this method, random communication constraints are uniformly treated as a time delay at each time instant. Subsequently, based on a time-delay state feedback control law, the proposed method is used to actively compensate for the time delay that exceeds the allowable. In addition, the introduction of an event-triggered mechanism reduces communication loads and saves network resources. A necessary and sufficient stability condition for the closed-loop system is provided, which is independent of random time delays and is related to the allowable delay. Finally, the simulation results of the two systems verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Malak, Derya, Howard Huang, and Jeffrey G. Andrews. "Throughput Maximization for Delay-Sensitive Random Access Communication." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 18, no. 1 (January 2019): 709–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2018.2885295.

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Zhang, Wen. "Application of Random Walk Model in Mobile Communication Data Optimization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2074, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2074/1/012060.

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Abstract With the continuous development of society and economy, the development and application of mobile communications have become more and more popular, and more people have begun to use mobile devices for office, study and life. The quality of mobile communications network signals directly affects people’s experience of use. The scope of actual application has gradually increased with the renewal of the technology itself. Based on the random walk model, this paper constructs a mobile communication data optimization plan. Through data storage, transmission delay, and information total control, the optimization form of wireless network mobile communication data transmission performance is studied. Practice shows that this scheme can effectively improve communication quality and transmission efficiency.

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Seshadhri, S., and R. Ayyagari. "Dynamic controller for Network Control Systems with random communication delay." International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications 3, no. 2 (2011): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijscc.2011.039867.

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Wang, Yan, and Junlin Xiong. "Optimal Decentralized Output-Feedback LQG Control With Random Communication Delay." IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 50, no. 1 (January 2020): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2018.2868968.

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Chae, S., F. Rasool, S. K. Nguang, and A. Swain. "Robust mode delay-dependent ℋ∞ control of discrete-time systems with random communication delays." IET Control Theory & Applications 4, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 936–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2009.0096.

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Burkov, Artem, Seva Shneer, and Andrey Turlikov. "Lower bound for average delay in unblocked random access algorithm with orthogonal preambles." Information and Control Systems, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/1684-8853-2020-3-79-85.

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Introduction: Currently, the first versions of 5G communication standard networks are being deployed and discussions are underway on the further development of cellular networks and the transition to the 6G standard. The work of the currently popular idea of the Internet of Things (IoT) is supposed to be in the framework of a Massive Machine-Type Communications scenario, which has a number of requirements for operation characteristics: very high energy efficiency, relatively low delay and fairly reliable communication. It is assumed that random multiple access procedures are used, since, due to the nature of the traffic, it is impossible to develop a channel resource sharing policy. To increase the efficiency of random access, a class of unblocked algorithms using orthogonal preambles can be used. Purpose: to calculate the lower bound of the average delay for the class of unblocked random multiple access algorithms using orthogonal preambles. Methods: system analysis, a theory of random processes, queuing theory, and simulation. Results: A model of a system with a potentially unlimited number of users who use random unblocked access to transmit data over a common communication channel using orthogonal preambles is proposed. A closed expression is obtained for calculating the lower bound of the average delay in such a system depending on the intensity of the input arrival rate. The limit value of the intensity of the input arrival rate to which the system operates stably is determined. Shown are the results of simulation with respect to the obtained bound. Practical relevance: the obtained boundary allows us to estimate the lower average delay in the described class of algorithms. Its application allows us to determine the possibility of using the considered class of algorithms from the point of view of limitations on the average delay at the stage of designing random multiple access systems.

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D. Gangadhar, Nandyala, and Govind R. Kadambi. "Delay Distributions in Discrete Time Multiclass Tandem Communication Network Models." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 13, no. 6 (September 1, 2022): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.13.6.1.

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An exact computational algorithm for the solution of a discrete time multiclass tandem network with a primary class and cross-traffic at each queue is developed. A sequence of truncated Lindley recursions is defined at each queue relating the delays experienced by the first packet from consecutive batches of a class at that queue. Using this sequence of recursions, a convolve-and-sweep algorithm is developed to compute the stationary distributions of the delay and inter-departure processes of each class at a queue, delays experienced by a typical packet from the primary class along its path as well as the mean end-to-end delay of such a packet. The proposed approach is designed to handle the non-renewal arrival processes arising in the network. The algorithmic solution is implemented as an abstract class which permits its easy adaptation to analyze different network configurations and sizes. The delays of a packet at different queues are shown to be associated random variables from which it follows that the variance of total delay is lower bounded by the sum of variances of delays at the queues along the path. The developed algorithm and the proposed lower bound on the variance of total delay are validated against simulation for a tandem network of two queues with three classes under different batch size distributions.

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Yan, Ruixia, Zhong Wu, and Jinliang Liu. "Network-BasedH∞Filter Design for Linear System with Random Delays." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/340890.

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This paper investigates the filtering problem for a class of network-based systems with random network-induced delays. The considered random delay between the sensor and the filter is assumed to be satisfying a certain stochastic characteristic. Considering the probability of the delay taking value in different intervals, a stochastic variable satisfying Bernoulli random binary distribution is introduced and a new system model is established by employing the information of the probability distribution. By using a properly constructed Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions for the existence of theH∞filters are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which are dependent on the occurrence probability of both the random communication delays. The filter parameter is then characterized by the solution to a set of LMIs. A simulation example is employed to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Liang, Mo, and Chen Wang. "Delay Analysis of Underground Communication Using Network Coding." Advanced Materials Research 1014 (July 2014): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1014.351.

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Underground communication system can be organized as a delay tolerant network (DTN), where delay analysis is of importance. In this paper, we derive the analysis method of block delivery delay in underground DTN using network coding. Unlike existing works that only use the contact-based model, we adopt the random walk on 2-D grid model as our mobility model. We define the innovativeness of a node as the number of new packet it can bring to the destination and derive the network state dynamics based on this definition. The simulations show that our analytic approach has better prediction to the delay performance.

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Lotlikar, Vrunda, Bryal Dsouza, Rajesh Kamath, and Nikitha Apuri. "Business Process Re-engineering for Bed Allocation Process in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mumbai." Journal of Health Management 20, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972063418763649.

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A proficient bed allotment system in the hospital reflects effective management. Minimizing the waiting time and appropriate bed allocation ensures quality of care and optimum utilization of hospital resources. The hospital management must respond to the growing needs of the patient care by reducing the admission delays and communication delays among health care providers. The objective of the study was to understand the bed allocation process, to evaluate reasons for delay in bed allotment and to minimize the waiting time for new admissions in a 750-bedded tertiary care hospital. The study was conducted by taking a random sample of 35 beds of general category. The admission time was recorded through hospital information system and by interviewing the nursing and housekeeping staff. The study revealed that the delay in communication from nurse station to admission counter was the major reason followed by delay in billing process and delay in preparing bed by the housekeeping staff.

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KAMEOKA, Shota, and Yohei HOSOE. "Remote Control of Vehicles in an Environment with Random Communication Delay." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 58, no. 9 (2022): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.58.420.

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Dowhuszko, Alexis A., Graciela Corral-Briones, Jyri Hamalainen, and Risto Wichman. "Performance of Quantized Random Beamforming in Delay-Tolerant Machine-Type Communication." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 15, no. 8 (August 2016): 5664–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2016.2565670.

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15

Liu, Zili, Weisheng Yan, and Shouxu Zhang. "Research on Cooperative Output Regulation Problem of Multi-Agent Systems with Time-Varying Delay under Dynamic Topology." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 37, no. 3 (June 2019): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20193730479.

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The random data loss that occurs during the communication process of multi-agent systems will lead to the dynamic switching of network topology. The time-varying communication delay will cause the agents to update their control inputs irregularly and asynchronously. In this paper, we deal with the cooperative output regulation problem of multi-agent systems with both random data loss and time-varying communication delay. By applying a queuing mechanism, the multi-agent systems with time-varying communication delay can be modeled as the multi-agent systems with constant communication delay and stochastic packet dropout. Based on the queuing mechanism, we designed the distributed state observers of the leader and the followers. Then, a new distributed measurement output feedback control algorithm is proposed. Under some standard assumptions, the proposed algorithm can solve the cooperative output regulation problem of multi-agent systems with both stochastic packet dropout and time-varying communication delay for unstable or stable exosystem. Then, the corresponding conditions for solving the cooperative output regulation problem are given, respectively. The simulation results show that the measurement output feedback control algorithm based on queue mechanism can effectively solve the cooperative output regulation problem of multi agent systems with time-varying delay under dynamic network topology.

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Rantanen, Esa M., Jason S. McCarley, and Xidong Xu. "The Impact of Communication Delays on Air Traffic Controllers' Vectoring Performance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 1 (September 2002): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600112.

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An experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of communication delays in the pilot—controller communication loop on air traffic controllers' performance and workload. Four levels of constant systemic audio delay (AD), 150, 250 ms, 350 ms, and 1,000 ms, and two levels of variable pilot delay (PD), zero delay and realistic delay, were employed. Vectoring accuracy and the controller's final turn initiation served as dependent variables. Subjective workload was measured by the NASA-TLX workload index. Eight subjects proficient in the task participated in the experiment. Random PD had significant effects on both vectoring accuracy and final turn initiation; accuracy was reduced and initiation times were earlier when PD was added. However, data showed no effect of AD on vectoring accuracy, and no evidence of compensatory strategies in response to increasing AD levels. Results suggest that variability in the subjects' turn initiation effectively masked the impact of even the longest AD of 1,000 ms on vectoring accuracy. The NASA-TLX showed no effect of AD on workload in either PD condition.

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Izadi, Hojjat A., Brandon W. Gordon, and Youmin Zhang. "Decentralized Model Predictive Control for Cooperative Multiple Vehicles Subject to Communication Loss." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/198308.

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The decentralized model predictive control (DMPC) of multiple cooperative vehicles with the possibility of communication loss/delay is investigated. The neighboring vehicles exchange their predicted trajectories at every sample time to maintain the cooperation objectives. In the event of a communication loss (packet dropout), the most recent available information, which is potentially delayed, is used. Then the communication loss problem changes to a cooperative problem when random large communication delays are present. Such large communication delays can lead to poor cooperation performance and unsafe behaviors such as collisions. A new DMPC approach is developed to improve the cooperation performance and achieve safety in the presence of the large communication delays. The proposed DMPC architecture estimates the tail of neighbor's trajectory which is not available due to the large communication delays for improving the performance. The concept of the tube MPC is also employed to provide the safety of the fleet against collisions, in the presence of large intervehicle communication delays. In this approach, a tube shaped trajectory set is assumed around the trajectory of the neighboring vehicles whose trajectory is delayed/lost. The radius of tube is a function of the communication delay and vehicle's maneuverability (in the absence of model uncertainty). The simulation of formation problem of multiple vehicles is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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Chang, Chuan Wen, and Wen Shen Mao. "An Open-Loop Method of Controlling Narrow Band Channel Delay." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.880.

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In the narrow band data communication system, there are such problems as long time delay and random loss of data resulted by large amount of data from data source. The delay of a typical data transmission system consisted by DTE and DCE is resulted by several factors. Through the analysis of these factors, this paper presents a low-cost and open-loop software method to control the speed of the signal source. By increasing the interface speed and reasonably estimating the data package delay, this method can make the delay and the loss of data package controllable and prevent the random loss of data. This method can be applied to those low-speed communication transmission situations which have special requirement of the delay, such as short wave, ultra short wave, dial-up network, a line for special use and so on.

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Yang, Jixiang, Ling Ling, and Haibin Liu. "A Hierarchical Load Balancing Strategy Considering Communication Delay Overhead for Large Distributed Computing Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5641831.

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Load balancing technology can effectively exploit potential enormous compute power available on distributed systems and achieve scalability. Communication delay overhead on distributed system, which is time-varying and is usually ignored or assumed to be deterministic for traditional load balancing strategies, can greatly degrade the load balancing performance. Considering communication delay overhead and its time-varying feature, a hierarchical load balancing strategy based on generalized neural network (HLBSGNN) is presented for large distributed systems. The novelty of the HLBSGNN is threefold: (1) the hierarchy with optimized communication is employed to reduce load balancing overhead for large distributed computing systems, (2) node computation rate and communication delay randomness imposed by the communication medium are considered, and (3) communication and migration overheads are optimized via forecasting delay. Comparisons with traditional strategies, such as centralized, distributed, and random delay strategies, indicate that the HLBSGNN is more effective and efficient.

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Qiu, Li, Xiaomei Yang, Usama Ahsan, Jianfei Pan, Bo Zhang, and Rong Yang. "Model predictive position tracking control for motion system with random communication delay." IET Control Theory & Applications 14, no. 20 (December 2020): 3515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2020.0667.

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Sun, Tao, Hongye Su, and Zhengguang Wu. "Stabilization on A Class of Networked Control Systems with Random Communication Delay." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (January 2011): 3245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.01422.

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Liu, Jian, and Xiaoe Ruan. "Networked iterative learning control approach for nonlinear systems with random communication delay." International Journal of Systems Science 47, no. 16 (April 7, 2016): 3960–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2016.1165894.

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Liu, Ming, Daniel W. C. Ho, and Yugang Niu. "Stabilization of Markovian jump linear system over networks with random communication delay." Automatica 45, no. 2 (February 2009): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2008.06.023.

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Zhang, Jie, Ming Lyu, Hamid Reza Karimi, Jian Zuo, and Yuming Bo. "Fault Detection for Network Control Systems with Multiple Communication Delays and Stochastic Missing Measurements." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/690461.

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This paper is concerned with fault detection problem for a class of network control systems (NCSs) with multiple communication delays and stochastic missing measurements. The missing measurement phenomenon occurs in a random way and the occurrence probability for each measurement output is governed by an individual random variable. Besides, the multiple communication delay phenomenon reflects that networked control systems have different communication delays when the signals are transferred via different channels. We aim to design a fault detection filter so that the overall fault detection dynamics is exponentially stable in the mean square. By constructing proper Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, we acquire sufficient conditions to guarantee the stability of the fault detection filter for the discrete systems, and the filter parameters are also derived by solving linear matrix inequality. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to show the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed design method.

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Peng, Tian Wei. "Simulations on the Stability and Stabilization Method for Random Long Delay Network Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1385.

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Networked Control System (NCS) is a class of feedback control system forming a closed loop through the communication network. Due to the nodes conflicts, poor network stability, limited data bandwidth and other uncontrollable factors in the transmission, network-induced delay is the main factor reducing system performance and stability. Studying the state feedback rules of Long Delay Network Control system, the author proposes Stability and stabilization method for Random Long Delay Network Control. The method models random long delay closed-loop network control system, compensate the delay and complete the network stability and stabilization. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the validity of the conclusion.

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Qi, Yang, Jie Li, Chengli Wei, and Ben Wu. "Free-space optical stealth communication based on wide-band spontaneous emission." Optics Continuum 1, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 2298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcon.441727.

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We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a free-space optical stealth communication system that hides the stealth signal in wide-band spontaneous emission noise. Spontaneous emission light sources have been widely used for illuminations and has been recently deployed for short distance and indoor free-space optical communications, such as LiFi. Since free-space optical communication is a broadcasting network, the users’ privacy is exposed to eavesdropping attacks. In this paper, stealth communication is achieved by taking advantage of the existing properties of spontaneous emission light sources, random phase fluctuations, and protects users’ privacy in free-space communication networks. The keys to hide and recover the stealth signal are the optical delays at the transmitter and receiver. Only by matching the delay length with the pre-shared keys can the authorized receiver recover the stealth signal. Without the right key, the eavesdropper receives a constant power that is the same as illumination light sources and cannot detect the existence of the stealth signal.

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Wang, Han, and Wencai Du. "Research on Maritime Radio Wave Multipath Propagation Based on Stochastic Ray Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5178136.

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Multipath effect in vessel communication is caused by a combination of reflections from the sea surface and vessels. This paper proposes employing stochastic ray method to analyze maritime multipath propagation properties. The paper begins by modeling maritime propagation environment of radio waves as random lattice grid, by utilizing maximum entropy principle to calculate the probability of stochastic ray undergoingktime(s) reflection(s), and by using stochastic process to produce the basic random variables. Then, the paper constructs the multipath channel characteristic parameters, including amplitude gain, time delay, and impulse response, based on the basic random variables. Finally, the paper carries out a digital simulation in two-dimensional specific fishery fleet model environment. The statistical properties of parameters, including amplitude response, probability delay distribution, and power delay profiles, are obtained. Using these parameters, the paper calculates the root-mean-squared (rms) delay spread value with the amount of 9.64 μs. It is a good reference for the research of maritime wireless transmission rate of the vessels. It contributes to a better understanding of the causes and effects of multipath effect in vessel communication.

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Bijami, Ehsan, and Malihe Maghfoori Farsangi. "A distributed control framework and delay-dependent stability analysis for large-scale networked control systems with non-ideal communication network." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 3 (May 16, 2018): 768–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218770493.

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Recently, the incorporation of telecommunication technology with control systems provides the usability of remote measurement signals for the designing of networked controllers for geographically distributed large-scale systems. However, communication network introduces new difficulties such as time delays and packet dropouts to the design of networked controllers. This paper presents a new Distributed Networked Control Scheme (DNCS) and its stability analysis for stabilizing of large-scale systems with interconnected subsystems featuring both random delays and random packet dropouts in their communication links. Firstly, a general model for large scale distributed networked system consisting of subsystems is used in which the state of each subsystem has its own time varying delay and there are also delays and packet dropouts in their interconnection communication links. To compensate the influence of subsystems on each other and enhance performance and stability margin of the closed-loop system, a suitable distributed control scheme is proposed. The stability criteria are provided based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii and Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) techniques. For this, a new type of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and certain slack matrices are developed to conclude some LMI-based delay-dependent theorems for designing the control law, as well as the stabilizing of the DNCS. To evaluate the proposed method, three illustrative examples are provided. To indicate the efficiency of the suggested approach, a small-gain-based approach and an observer-based consensus method are applied for comparison. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach to enhance the performance of large-scale networked systems among a non-ideal communication network.

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Kuzu, Ahmet, Seta Bogosyan, Metin Gokasan, and Asif Sabanovic. "Experimental Evaluation of Novel Master-Slave Configurations for Position Control under Random Network Delay and Variable Load for Teleoperation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/608208.

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This paper proposes two novel master-slave configurations that provide improvements in both control and communication aspects of teleoperation systems to achieve an overall improved performance in position control. The proposed novel master-slave configurations integrate modular control and communication approaches, consisting of a delay regulator to address problems related to variable network delay common to such systems, and a model tracking control that runs on the slave side for the compensation of uncertainties and model mismatch on the slave side. One of the configurations uses a sliding mode observer and the other one uses a modified Smith predictor scheme on the master side to ensure position transparency between the master and slave, while reference tracking of the slave is ensured by a proportional-differentiator type controller in both configurations. Experiments conducted for the networked position control of a single-link arm under system uncertainties and randomly varying network delays demonstrate significant performance improvements with both configurations over the past literature.

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Liu, Songzhi, and Cheng Lu. "An Active SearchTime Tuning Model Based on the Optimally Weighted LightGBM Algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2383, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2383/1/012149.

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A proactive search time adjustment model based on the optimally weighted LightGBM algorithm was studied in this paper for the problem of large delay fluctuations in 5G distribution terminals leading to protection blocking. The model used historical data on delay fluctuations of wireless communication terminals and feature variables such as temperature and date and time as inputs to predict delays and dynamically adjust equipment parameters. First, the original feature variables were pre-processed via feature engineering, then the data were fitted together with the historical delay data by the LightGBM algorithm. And the final weighted combination was used to adjust the predicted values in combination with the real-time monitoring delay of the terminal, finally realizing the high-precision prediction of 5G terminal delay. The results show that the proposed method can effectively achieve delay prediction and has higher prediction accuracy than random forest regression and XGBoost algorithms.

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Liu, Chunping, Jianxin Xu, and Jun Wu. "Iterative Learning Control for Remote Control Systems with Communication Delay and Data Dropout." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/705474.

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Iterative learning control (ILC) is applied to remote control systems in which communication channels from the plant to the controller are subject to random data dropout and communication delay. Through analysis, it is shown that ILC can achieve asymptotical convergence along the iteration axis, as far as the probabilities of the data dropout and communication delay are knowna priori. Owing to the essence of feedforward-based control ILC can perform trajectory-tracking tasks while both the data-dropout and the one-step delay phenomena are taken into consideration. Theoretical analysis and simulations validate the effectiveness of the ILC algorithm for network-based control tasks.

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Liang, Chuan, Guang Hui Cai, Peng Li, and Shu Wen Zheng. "Design and Implementation of an OFDM System with Interleaving and De-Interleaving Based on FPGA." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 1497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.1497.

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Today's wireless communication has become the primary means of communication, the wireless communication relative to wired communications, its random parameter channel delay problem and fading problem raising a new challenge to the reliability of communication. This article describes the basic principle of OFDM system with interleaving and de-interleaving, Verification platform to build on this basis, and using EDA tools Quartus II functional and timing verify the correctness, Giving the integrated circuit simulation results, also showing the use of FPGA to achieve interleave and interleaving process well in OFDM systems. Effectively improve the reliability of the system, not only meet the needs of Systems on flexibility and real-time, but also occupy less hardware resources, fast, and consistent with the development trend of modern communications.

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Yi, Jing-Wen, Yan-Wu Wang, and Jiang-Wen Xiao. "Consensus in Markovian jump second-order multi-agent systems with random communication delay." IET Control Theory & Applications 8, no. 16 (November 6, 2014): 1666–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2014.0057.

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He, Minhong, and Xiaowu Mu. "H∞ Containment Control of Multi-agent Systems with Random Communication Time-varying Delay." International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 18, no. 4 (November 6, 2019): 922–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12555-019-0106-5.

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Gao, Wei, Jian Yang, Ju Liu, Hongyang Shi, and Bo Xu. "Moving Horizon Estimation for Cooperative Localisation with Communication Delay." Journal of Navigation 68, no. 3 (December 17, 2014): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346331400085x.

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Cooperative Localisation (CL) technology is required in some situations for Multiple Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (MUUVs) missions. During the CL process, the Relative Localisation Information (RLI) of the master UUV is transmitted to slave UUVs via acoustic communication. In the underwater environment, the RLI is subject to a random time delay. Considering the time delay characteristic of the RLI during the acoustic communication, a Moving Horizon Estimation (MHE) method with a Delayed Extended Kalman Filter (DEKF)-based arrival cost update law is presented in this paper to obtain an accurate and reliable estimation of present location. Additionally, an effective computation method for the MHE method is employed, in which the “Lower Upper” (LU) factorization is used to compute the solution of the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) system. At the end of this paper, simulation results are presented to prove the superiority and practicality of the proposed MHE algorithm.

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Li, Dong. "Research on Network-on-Chip Dynamic and Adaptive Algorithm and Choice Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.296.

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With further increase of the number of on-chip device, the bus structure has not met the requirements. In order to make better communication between each part, the chip designers need to explore a new structure to solve the interconnection of on-chip device. The paper proposes a network-on-chip dynamic and adaptive algorithm which selects NoC platform with 2-dimension mesh as the carrier, incorporates communication energy consumption and delay into unified cost function and uses ant colony optimization to realize NOC map facing energy consumption and delay. The experiment indicates that compared with random map, single objective optimization can separately saves (30%~47 %) and ( 20%~39%) in communication energy consumption and execution time compared with random map, and joint objective optimization can further excavate the potential of time dimension in mapping scheme dominated by the energy.

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Herve, Samba Aime, Yeremou Tamtsia Aurelien, Hermine Som Idellette Judith, and Nneme Nneme Leandre. "Networked Iterative Learning Fault Diagnosis Algorithm for Systems with Sensor Random Packet Losses, Time-varying Delays, Limited Communication and Actuator Failure : Application to the Hydroturbine Governor System." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 16 (May 20, 2021): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2021.16.20.

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An iterative learning fault diagnosis (ILFD) algorithm for networked control systems (NCSs) subject to random packet losses, time-varying delays, limited communication and actuator failure is proposed in this paper. Firstly, in order to evaluate the effect of fault on system between every iteration, the information of state error and information of fault tracking estimator from the preceding iteration are used to improve the fault estimation achievement in the actual iteration. The state variable, the Bernoulli process of random packet losses, network communication delay, limited communication and actuator failure are introduced to establish an extended statespace model of the system. Secondly combining Lyapunov stability theory for linear repetitive processes and linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique, new sufficient condition for the existence of an iterative learning fault diagnosis is established. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design method is illustrated on a dynamic hydroturbine governing system model based on Matlab/Simulink and TrueTime toolbox

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Ponomarenko, Vladimir, Elena Navrotskaya, Danil Kul’minskii, and Mikhail Prokhorov. "Estimation of confidentiality of a communication system based on chaotic time-delay generator with switchable delay time." Information and Control Systems, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/1684-8853-2019-4-54-61.

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Introduction: Communication systems based on the use of dynamical chaos have a number of positive features. Dynamical chaoshas the properties of random processes, which allows systems based on it to ensure the information transmission confidentiality.However, a quantitative security assessment of such systems is a complicated problem, since the methods for evaluating cryptographicstrength are well developed only for the classical encryption algorithms. Purpose: Development of a method for quantitative estimationof confidentiality of a binary signal hidden transmission in a communication system based on a chaotic time-delay oscillator withswitchable delay time. Results: A method is proposed for estimating the confidentiality of a binary information signal transmissionin a communication system using a chaotic time-delay oscillator with switchable delay time as a transmitter. The method is based onestimating the power of the key space for the chaotic communication system under study. We have considered the cases when sometransmitter parameters are known, and the most general case when all the transmitter parameters are unknown. A communicationsystem based on dynamical chaos may have a much higher confidentiality than the classical cryptographic algorithm using a cipher witha key length of 56 bits, but is significantly inferior in terms of cryptographic strength to a cipher with a key length of 128 bits. Practicalrelevance: The proposed method allows us to obtain a quantitative estimation of confidentiality of communication systems based ondynamical chaos, and compare it with the known strength of classical cryptographic algorithms.

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Pan, Peng, Shun Jiang, and Feng Pan. "Event-triggered robust control for networked control systems with actuator failures and time-varying transmission delays." International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 8, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijicc-08-2014-0038.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is with robust control problem for event-triggered networked control systems (NCSs) with actuator failures and time-varying transmission delays. Design/methodology/approach – A random sequence is introduced to describe the actuator faults, and a novel event-triggering communication scheme is adopted in the sensor-to-controller channel. By taking the event-triggered mechanism and network transmission delay into consideration, a delay system model is constructed. Findings – Based on Lyapunov stability theory and free weighting matrix method, the feasibility criteria for co-designing both the controller gain and the trigger parameters are derived. Finally, a simulation example is exploited to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) approach. Originality/value – The introduced approach is interesting for NCSs with actuator failures and time-varying transmission delays.

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Utami, Alifia Fitri, Iswandi Iswandi, and I. Wayan Mustika. "Random Time Delay Mitigation in Pulse Radar Systems Implementation using Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) and GNU Radio Companion (GRC)." IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 2, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijitee.42873.

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Abstract— Radar or radio detection and ranging has a basic function to detect and measure a target range. One of the latest developments is Software Defined Radio (SDR)-based radar. An example of SDR implementation is by using Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) as hardware and GNU Radio Companion (GRC) as software. The simplest radar type is pulse radar in which system timing is crucial. Meanwhile, in pulse radar system implementation using USRP and GRC, there is an issue with the random processing time delay between communication protocol of USRP and computer running the GRC, which causes incorrect measurement. This research aims to analyze the random time delay in the pulse radar system implementation by using USRP and GRC to anticipate the effect of random time delay. Pulse radar systems implementation is administered by transmitting 128 bits of Barker code and performing correlation between transmitted and received radar signal. Research result shows that the random time delay can be anticipated by making the direct reception from radar transmitter to receiver as the reference in range calculation.

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Basavaraju, Pramod Halebeedu, Gururaj Harinahalli Lokesh, Gowtham Mohan, Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, and Francesco Flammini. "Statistical Channel Model and Systematic Random Linear Network Coding Based QoS Oriented and Energy Efficient UWSN Routing Protocol." Electronics 11, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162590.

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Considering the significance of an energy efficient, delay tolerant and reliable communication protocol for underwater acoustic wireless sensor network (UWSN), this paper proposes a novel systematic random linear network coding (SRLNC) based transmission system examined over a robust statistical UWSN channel model. The derived statistical channel model deals with both the small-scale fading primarily caused by scattering and small wavelength changes and large-scale fading introduced due to node dislocation in the underwater acoustic medium. The proposed SRLNC transmission-based routing approach has been applied over the proposed underwater acoustic (statistical) channel model, and respective performance assessment has been conducted in terms of throughput, energy efficiency, delay and computational complexity by varying network condition parameters. The contributions such as low coefficient vector and Galois filed, low redundant message requirements, computationally efficient pre-coding scheme, iterative buffer flush and enhanced FEC based decoding make the SRLNC based routing protocol sufficiently robust to enable reliable, energy-efficient and delay resilient communication over UWSN. The proposed SRLNC based UWSN routing protocol and its efficacy over dynamic channel conditions affirm that it can be a potential solution for QoS-oriented mission critical underwater communication purposes.

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Wang, Baofeng, Ge Guo, and Xiue Gao. "Variance-Constrained Robust Estimation for Discrete-Time Systems with Communication Constraints." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/980753.

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This paper is concerned with a new filtering problem in networked control systems (NCSs) subject to limited communication capacity, which includes measurement quantization, random transmission delay, and packets loss. The measurements are first quantized via a logarithmic quantizer and then transmitted through a digital communication network with random delay and packet loss. The three communication constraints phenomena which can be seen as a class of uncertainties are formulated by a stochastic parameter uncertainty system. The purpose of the paper is to design a linear filter such that, for all the communication constraints, the error state of the filtering process is mean square bounded and the steady-state variance of the estimation error for each state is not more than the individual prescribed upper bound. It is shown that the desired filtering can effectively be solved if there are positive definite solutions to a couple of algebraic Riccati-like inequalities or linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an illustrative numerical example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed design approach.

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Ya Zhang and Yu-Ping Tian. "Consensus of Data-Sampled Multi-Agent Systems With Random Communication Delay and Packet Loss." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 55, no. 4 (April 2010): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2010.2041612.

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Sun, Tao, Hongye Su, and Zhengguang Wu. "State Feedback Control for Discrete-time Markovian Jump Systems with Random Communication Time Delay." Asian Journal of Control 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2012): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.650.

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Hardan, Saad Meshhen. "Improvement the Transmission Efficiency for Wireless Packet Communication Systems using Automatic Control for power and Time Slot Width of Slotted Non persistent ISMA Protocol." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2011): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.18.4.05.

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In packed communication systems which use a protocol, the protocol should perform the allocation of channels such that the transmission channel is used efficiently. Efficiency is usually measured in terms of channel throughput and the average transmission delay. The Slotted Nonpersistent ISMA protocol is one of random access protocols used in packed communication systems. In this research a Slotted Nonpersistent ISMA protocol Model with automatic control for power and time slot is proposed. the suggested algorithm enable the base station(access point) to control the protocol time slot length and transmission power in a dynamic way to control the normalized propagation delay d and to maintain all the uplink signals in the limit of captured power threshold (capture ratio) in order to control the throughput and the average transmission delay of the communication system by an automatic method. the computer simulation results confirm the activity of the proposed algorithm for increasing the throughput and decreasing the average transmission delay by an accepted ratios.

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Li, Juan, Huadong Zhang, Tao Chen, and Jiaqi Wang. "AUV Formation Coordination Control Based on Transformed Topology under Time-Varying Delay and Communication Interruption." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 7 (July 11, 2022): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070950.

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Aiming at the control problem of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) pilot-following formation with communication delay and communication interruption, a controller based on feedback linearization and the PD control method is designed in this paper. Firstly, the nonlinear, strongly coupled vehicle model is transformed into a second-order model via the feedback linearization method, and then the formation coordination controller is designed based on consistency theory and the PD control method. The Markov random jump process is used to simulate the formation topology in the event of communication interruption. The condition of stable convergence of the AUV pilot-following formation is analyzed in the presence of time-varying delay and Markov transformation topology. A Lyapunov–Krasovskii equation is established, and linear matrix inequality (LMI) is used to solve the problem of communication interruption and communication delay. The boundary conditions of error convergence of the control system are obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the formation coordination controller based on the second-order integral model under the unstable conditions of underwater acoustic communication is verified by simulation.

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Li, Shu De, Yi Chen, and Cai Xia Liu. "Smith Predictor Based on Predicting Induced-Delay." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2003.

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Since communication network is introduced into control system, induced-delay appears. Because of the delay, the performance of networked control system becomes bad, even unsteady. Conventional Smith predictor is sensitive to error in object model and needs delay’s value in advance. Regarding random delay, its application is limited. In this paper, we propose a method based on induced-delay predicted by BP neural network, which use two historical delay values to predict the next one. Smith predictor adjusts its parameters according to that value in time. The simulating results indicate that the precision of delay-predicting can be ensured and the performance of networked control system has been improved.

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Biswas, Soumen, Shibendu Mahata, Provas Kumar Roy, and Kalyan Chatterjee. "Application of Empirical Bode Analysis for Delay-Margin Evaluation of Fractional-Order PI Controller in a Renewable Distributed Hybrid System." Fractal and Fractional 7, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract7020119.

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For an uninterrupted power supply, renewable energy promises to be a suitable alternative compared to the conventional sources. System delays or communication delays may cause significant synchronization imbalances between various components in big electrical grids. Since the properties of solar and wind generation constantly change with climatic circumstances, engineers encounter many difficulties when substituting sustainable power with conventional electricity. The computation delay margin may be leveraged to handle a time-delayed automatic generation control (AGC) system. In order to regulate a distributed hybrid renewable energy system in a three-area AGC configuration, this paper investigates the influence of the fractional integral order on the stable system’s delay parameter region. By changing the fractional order range, the delay margin can be increased, potentially broadening the time-delayed system’s stability region. The controller’s stability region has dependency on the order of fraction and the time delay. For this purpose, the asymptotic Bode diagram of the time-delayed fractional proportional-integral controller is determined. The gain and phase margins are used to calculate the delay margin for the application in discussion. The Honey Badger algorithm helps to adjust the controller parameters. It is also confirmed that the suggested controller is resilient to random load perturbations, nonlinearities, and parameter variations.

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Beigrezaei, Mahsa, Abolfazel Toroghi Haghighat, and Seyedeh Leili Mirtaheri. "Improve Performance by a Fuzzy-Based Dynamic Replication Algorithm in Grid, Cloud, and Fog." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 21, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5522026.

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The efficiency of data-intensive applications in distributed environments such as Cloud, Fog, and Grid is directly related to data access delay. Delays caused by queue workload and delays caused by failure can decrease data access efficiency. Data replication is a critical technique in reducing access latency. In this paper, a fuzzy-based replication algorithm is proposed, which avoids the mentioned imposed delays by considering a comprehensive set of significant parameters to improve performance. The proposed algorithm selects the appropriate replica using a hierarchical method, taking into account the transmission cost, queue delay, and failure probability. The algorithm determines the best place for replication using a fuzzy inference system considering the queue workload, number of accesses in the future, last access time, and communication capacity. It uses the Simple Exponential Smoothing method to predict future file popularity. The OptorSim simulator evaluates the proposed algorithm in different access patterns. The results show that the algorithm improves performance in terms of the number of replications, the percentage of storage filled, and the mean job execution time. The proposed algorithm has the highest efficiency in random access patterns, especially random Zipf access patterns. It also has good performance when the number of jobs and file size are increased.

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Zhou, Yucheng, Wen Lu, and Yingqiu Zhang. "Distributed Intelligent Learning and Decision Model Based on Logic Predictive Control." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (August 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6431776.

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By the method of documentation and logical analysis, based on the data, based on logic and based on the knowledge of three kinds of artificial intelligence in the sports education, the intelligent learning system feedback delay are studied, combined with mobile communication which led to the artificial intelligence online sports games teaching, pattern recognition, and virtual technology combined with innovative teaching interaction and experience. Promoting the development of green PE teaching machine learning can identify the types of PE activities and realize efficient PE learning diagnosis. Intelligent decision support system can identify sports talents and improve the effect of personalized PE teaching evaluation. From the perspective of psychological development and education, the key problems to be solved in the integration of artificial intelligence and physical education are examined. Then, the consistent model predictive control for feedback delay of nonlinear sports learning multiagent system with network induced delay and random communication protocol is studied. Under the communication waiting mechanism designed, each agent has a certain tolerance of delay, and this tolerance can be determined by ensuring the stability of the system. At the same time, a random communication protocol is designed to ensure the ordered communication of the multiagent system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by numerical simulation. To solve the channel competition access problem of the sports intelligent learning system with special structure feedback delay model predictive control, a dual channel awareness scheduling strategy under the model predictive control framework was proposed, and the distributed threshold strategy of sensors and the priority threshold strategy of controllers were designed. It is proved that the sensor will eventually work at Nash equilibrium point under the policy updating mechanism, and the priority threshold strategy of the controller is better than the traditional independent and identically distributed access strategy. By avoiding the data transmission when the channel status is poor, the channel access of the system is efficient and saves energy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Random communication delay'

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