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Journal articles on the topic 'Ramsor'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

SANTOS, Ricardo Alves dos, Eliane Alves de LIMA, Mônica Maria de Albuquerque PONTES, Alexandre Batista Lopes do NASCIMENTO, Marcos Antônio Japiassú Resende MONTES, and Rodivan BRAZ. "Bond strength to dentin of total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems." RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia 62, no. 4 (December 2014): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-8637201400040000022648.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the bond strength to dentin of the Single Bond (3M ESPE) and XP Bond (Dentsply) total-etch and Adper SE Plus (3M ESPE) self-etch adhesive systems. METHODS: Fifteen healthy human third molars were randomly allocated across three different groups of five teeth each according to the adhesive system. The occlusal portion of each tooth was removed under refrigeration using a flexible diamond disc (EXTEC, Enfield, CT, USA) down to an area of dentin that did not reveal enamel, as confirmed under a 40X stereo microscope (Ramsor, São Paulo, Brazil). A standardized smear layer was created with #600 grit silicon-carbide paper. The adhesive systems were applied as per manufacturer recommendations, with the exception of the Adper SE Plus system, which was triple-polymerized. Composite resin blocks (5 mm) were placed on the dentin surface. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37ºC. Using a flexible diamond disc (EXTEC, Enfield, CT, USA), toothpick-like specimens with an adhesive area of less than 1 mm² were obtained. A microtensile bond test was then carried out using a universal testing machine (KRATOS) with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were used for comparisons. RESULTS: The bond strength values obtained with each adhesive system were as follows: XP Bond, 96.24 MPa; Adper Single Bond, 72.39 MPa; Adper SE Plus, 49.91 MPa. CONCLUSION: In terms of bond strength to dentin, conventional adhesives outperform self-etching systems.
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2

Wang, Hui, Changchun Song, and Kaishan Song. "Regional Ecological Risk Assessment of Wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain with Respect to Human Disturbance." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051974.

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Characterization of the intensity of regional human disturbances on wetlands is an important scientific issue. In this study, the pole-axis system (involving multi-level central places and roads) was recognized as a proxy of direct risk to wetlands stemming from human activities at the regional or watershed scale. In this respect, the pole-axis system and central place theory were adopted to analyze the spatial agglomeration characteristics of regional human activities. Soil erosion and non-point source (NPS) pollution, indicating the indirect effect of human activities on wetlands, were also considered. Based on these human disturbance proxies, which are considered regional risk sources to wetlands, incorporated with another two indicators of regional environment, i.e., vulnerability and ecological capital indexes, the regional ecological risk assessment (RERA) framework of wetlands was finally established. Using this wetland RERA framework, the spatial heterogeneity of risk grades within the Naoli River Basin, a typical concentrated wetland region in the Sanjiang Plain, was analyzed. The results showed that (1) high- and very high-risk source intensity areas displayed a ring-shape distribution pattern, which reflected the influence of the regional pole-axis system; (2) owing to their high ecological capital value per unit area and vulnerability level, the wetlands had the highest risk grade, as did central places (i.e., those areas where county seats and administration bureaus of farms were located). In terms of proportion, the low-, medium-, high-, and very high-risk areas accounted for 72.0%, 16.8%, 10.1%, and 1.1% of the study area, respectively. The identification and classification of risk sources to wetlands that are related to human activity at the watershed scale could provide clear perspectives in order to reduce severe risk sources to these areas, especially those Ramsor Convention-appointed sites of international importance. Moreover, the assessment framework used in this paper will provide a helpful reference for related research in the future. Finally, the new management guidelines proposed in this paper will be beneficial for lowering the ecological risk level of wetlands at the watershed or regional scale for the Sanjiang Plain or other wetland-concentrated regions.
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3

Bowman, Michael J. "Ramsar Convention." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 10, no. 4 (1995): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180895x00286.

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Mao, D., Z. Wang, Y. Wang, C. Y. Choi, M. Jia, M. V. Jackson, and R. A. Fuller. "Remote Observations in China’s Ramsar Sites: Wetland Dynamics, Anthropogenic Threats, and Implications for Sustainable Development Goals." Journal of Remote Sensing 2021 (May 15, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9849343.

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The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands is an international framework through which countries identify and protect important wetlands. Yet Ramsar wetlands are under substantial anthropogenic pressure worldwide, and tracking ecological change relies on multitemporal data sets. Here, we evaluated the spatial extent, temporal change, and anthropogenic threat to Ramsar wetlands at a national scale across China to determine whether their management is currently sustainable. We analyzed Landsat data to examine wetland dynamics and anthropogenic threats at the 57 Ramsar wetlands in China between 1980 and 2018. Results reveal that Ramsar sites play important roles in preventing wetland loss compared to the dramatic decline of wetlands in the surrounding areas. However, there are declines in wetland area at 18 Ramsar sites. Among those, six lost a wetland area greater than 100 km2, primarily caused by agricultural activities. Consistent expansion of anthropogenic land covers occurred within 43 (75%) Ramsar sites, and anthropogenic threats from land cover change were particularly notable in eastern China. Aquaculture pond expansion and Spartina alterniflora invasion were prominent threats to coastal Ramsar wetlands. The observations within China’s Ramsar sites, which in management regulations have higher levels of protection than other wetlands, can help track progress towards achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study findings suggest that further and timely actions are required to control the loss and degradation of wetland ecosystems.
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Peck, Dwight. "RAMSAR Technical Reports." Society of Wetland Scientists Bulletin 23, no. 3 (2006): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0732-9393(2006)23[25:rtr]2.0.co;2.

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6

Davidson, N. C., L. Dinesen, S. Fennessy, C. M. Finlayson, P. Grillas, A. Grobicki, R. J. McInnes, and D. A. Stroud. "Trends in the ecological character of the world's wetlands." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 1 (2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18329.

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We assessed trends in the ecological character of wetlands generally and of Ramsar Sites reported in 2011, 2014 and 2017 by the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in their national reports. There was more widespread deterioration than improvement in the ecological character of wetlands generally, with deterioration increasingly more widespread between 2011 and 2017. The ecological-character trends in Ramsar Sites were significantly better than those of wetlands generally, but an increasingly more widespread deterioration of ecological character was reported between 2011 and 2017. Trends in the ecological character of wetlands generally, and of Ramsar Sites were worst in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean, and recently also in Oceania, and better in North America and Europe. Deterioration in the ecological character of Ramsar Site was more widespread in countries with a large average area of their Ramsar Sites. This information on trends of wetland ecological character can contribute to assessing the achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal Target 6.6 and Aichi Biodiversity Target 5. Our analysis indicated that the 1971 aim of the Ramsar Convention to stem the degradation of wetlands has not yet been achieved.
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Soltanpour-Gargari, Ali, Martin Lodenius, and Friedel Hinz. "Epilithic diatoms (Bacillariophycae) from streams in Ramsar, Iran." Acta Botanica Croatica 70, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 167–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10184-010-0006-5.

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Epilithic diatoms (Bacillariophycae) from streams in Ramsar, Iran Epilithic diatoms were identified from five small streams and one canal in Ramsar, northwest Iran. Atotal of 155 diatom taxa belonging to 37 genera were found and only two species remained unidentified (Fragilaria sp. and Nitzschia sp.). Achnanthes, Nitzschia, Navicula, Cocconeis, Melosira, Amphora, Craticula, Diatoma, Surirella, Cymbella, Diploneis and Entomoneis were among the most abundant genera. Eighty seven taxa were recorded for the first time in Iran. Thirty two of the genera belong to the Pennales and 5 to the Centrales. Species richness was rather high ranging from 66 to 95 taxa at the six sites studied. The epilithic diatom species found in Ramsar were dominated by cosmopolitan taxa found in meso- to fairly eutrophicwaters with high conductivity and high nutrient concentrations. The abundances found at all six sites were compiled in order to estimate the overall abundance of each taxon in Ramsar. This study includes EM pictures of diatoms observed in Ramsar, Iran.
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Anggara, Alam Surya. "Aspek Hukum Pelestarian Lahan Basah pada Situs Ramsar di Indonesia (Studi Terhadap Implementasi Konvensi Ramsar 1971 di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting)." Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 30, no. 2 (August 7, 2018): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jmh.29577.

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AbstractThe Ramsar Convention have been transformed and implemented into Indonesian law. In practice, still found non-synchronized regulations that have not been able to implement the sustainable and wise use of wetlands. The prevention of peatland degradation must be holistic by involving the community and make intens socialization in order to create a sense of belonging and ownership. It is the purpose of this article to analyze the implementation of the Ramsar Convention 1971 on the peatland ecosystem protection and management at Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan, and related to how Government efforts and policy to prevent the degradation of peatland since it was established as Ramsar Site in Indonesia.IntisariKetentuan-ketentuan dalam Konvensi Ramsar telah dilaksanakan dan ditransformasikan ke dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Dalam praktiknya, masih ditemukan peraturan-peraturan yang tidak sinkron, sehingga belum dapat melaksanakan komitmen pemanfaatan lahan basah secara bijaksana dan berkelanjutan. Upaya pencegahan degradasi gambut harus dilaksanakan secara holistik dengan mengikutsertakan masyarakat dan mengintensifkan sosialisasi agar tercipta sense of belonging, dan ownership. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Konvensi Ramsar 1971 terkait perlindungan dan pengelolaan ekosistem gambut di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting, Kalimantan Tengah. Sekaligus untuk melihat sejauh mana upaya Pemerintah dalam mencegah degradasi ekosistem gambut, sejak Tanjung Puting ditetapkan sebagai Situs Ramsar di Indonesia.
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Fianko, Joseph Richmond, and Helina S. Dodd. "Sustainable Management of Wetlands: A case study of the Songor Ramsar and UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve in Ghana." Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management 6, no. 1 (February 13, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v6i1.173.

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This study on the Songor Ramsar and UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve in Ghana seeks to ascertain management method to promote sustainable management of wetlands. The findings clearly indicated that good management practices are employed in the management of the Songor Ramsar Site. The current approaches to management have focused on the harmonious fusion of modern scientific strategies and cultural and traditional methods. In the Songor Ramsar and UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve, traditional authorities have enacted traditional rites such as sacred groves and totems in the Ada East District which are strictly enforced to provide traditional regulatory support for their protection while modern conservation approaches in the Songor Wetland management utilizes all the laws in legal protected areas in Ghana. Management also embark on training programmes for users of the wetland resources in sustainable resource utilization to improve economic livelihood. Increased public education and sensitization on the economic importance of the Ramsar Site and the negative impact of environmental degradation has been part of the management strategies. The Public education is on environmentally sound management of waste within the Ramsar Site since the underlying causes of environmental degradation in the Songor Ramsar Site are mainly improper waste disposal, poor attitude of residents toward environmental conservation, wildfires and shoreline recession, inadequate public education on the impact of environmental degradation, fishing, and farming activities. The other factors identified include overgrazing, over exploitation of mangroves, predation, poaching and over fishing, and uncontrolled sand and salt winning
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Davidson, N. C., L. Dinesen, S. Fennessy, C. M. Finlayson, P. Grillas, A. Grobicki, R. J. McInnes, and D. A. Stroud. "A review of the adequacy of reporting to the Ramsar Convention on change in the ecological character of wetlands." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 1 (2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18328.

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We review the mechanisms established by the Ramsar Convention for reporting on the status and change in the ecological character of wetlands. We assess the extent of their implementation and compliance, but not issues of the adequacy of their design nor the consequences of their extent of implementation. We conclude that, with the exception of qualitative national-scale reporting in triennial Contracting Party National Reports, there is inadequate implementation and compliance with most of these mechanisms, notably concerning required reporting under Article 3.2 of the Convention and the updating of the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS). This limits the ability of the Convention to assess the status, and trends in status, of designated Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites), and to inform future decision-making and priority-setting for the wise use of all wetlands. As has been recognised by the Ramsar Convention, unless compliance with these mechanisms is improved, sufficient information will not be gathered through the mechanisms of Ramsar Convention to assess fully the Sustainable Development Goal 6.6.1 indicator supported by the Convention on change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time.
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Sánchez-García, Jacqueline Y., Ana Gabriela Ramírez-Gutiérrez, Juan E. Núñez-Ríos, Pedro Pablo Cardoso-Castro, and Omar G. Rojas. "Systems Thinking Approach to Sustainable Performance in RAMSAR Sites." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 17, 2019): 6469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226469.

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This article explores and validates the integrated use of the viable system model (VSM) and the partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) approach to assess the sustainable management of RAMSAR sites carrying out economic activities. This work adopts a systems-thinking approach integrating systemic methodologies in three phases: (1) the VSM was first used to develop a conceptual model of the organisational problem; (2) PLS-PM was used to propose a construct to outline a solution, as well as to statistically validate the relationships proposed in the conceptual model; finally, (3) through the VSM, the relationships between actors were rethought in order to promote sustainable performance. The results obtained suggest that the joint use of VSM and PLS-PM is an effective approach that aids in the identification of relational and structural pathologies affecting the observed RAMSAR systems. It also proved useful to suggest that relationships can lead to the sustainable performance of the sites under study. It should be noted that the framework of systemic tools is constrained in its application to the organisational domain: assessing two RAMSAR areas in Mexico. Methodologically, this is the first application of the integrated use of VSM and PLS-PM to analyse the management and viability/sustainability of RAMSAR areas from an organisational perspective, opening a new avenue for the analysis and optimisation of management of such areas. This study provides tools to support actors and academics related to RAMSAR sites and opens up a discussion on how to rethink the organisational interactions in order to improve RAMSAR sites’ adaptive capabilities.
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Rahmani, Asad R. "Dihaila Jheel—a new candidate for the Ramsar Convention." Oryx 22, no. 4 (October 1988): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300022341.

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Wetland and waterfowl protection has become a major concern of the Indian Government recently. Among the 300 or so wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in India, wetland habitat is under-represented. There are nearly 20 bird sanctuaries, but only two wetlands—Bharatpur and Chilka—are listed under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention). There is certainly great scope to add more sites to the Ramsar list of wetlands. The author has identified one candidate—Dihaila Jheel in Madhya Pradesh state—and exciting new initiatives are now being taken to protect and manage it with a view to recommending it as a Ramsar site.
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Jensen, Jeanette, and Alex Gardner. "A Legal Obligation to Restore Wetlands by Environmental Water Allocations." Chinese Journal of Environmental Law 1, no. 2 (February 7, 2017): 158–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24686042-12340012.

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Abstract Wetlands worldwide require significant restoration, especially through environmental water allocations. This article examines the Ramsar Convention (Ramsar) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (cbd) to ascertain whether they require an obligation to restore wetlands by such means. While both conventions contain a general obligation to restore, that obligation appears too uncertain, due to either the disputable status of the language of the text (Ramsar) or the qualifying language expressing it (cbd). The Ramsar obligation, arguably, amounts to a legal obligation that is potentially enforceable in the icj against another contracting party. The article recognizes that the obligation is practically difficult to enforce because: the Convention does not provide a formal dispute settlement procedure; the obligation is derived from guidance in numerous Conference of the Parties resolutions, and is subject to certain exceptions. Further, there is a judicial reluctance to find that the facts prove a breach of the obligations and warrant a remedy. The authors argue, however, that restoration goals are, in fact, achievable through Convention amendments or by an additional protocol.
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McInnes, Rob. "SWS at the Ramsar COP." Society of Wetland Scientists Bulletin 25, no. 4 (December 2008): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0732-9393-25.4.17.

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Smart, Michael, and Kees J. Canters. "Ramsar participation and wise use." Landscape and Urban Planning 20, no. 1-3 (January 1991): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(91)90121-2.

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Bhattarai, Santosh, Chiranjibi P. Pokheral, Baburam Lamichhane, and Naresh Subedi. "Herpetofauna of a Ramsar Site." Reptiles & Amphibians 24, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v24i1.14136.

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The Nepalese herpetofauna has been poorly studied, and little is known about the distribution of the country’s amphibians and reptiles. We surveyed the herpetofauna at Beeshazar and associated lakes, a Ramsar site situated in the buffer zone of Chitwan National Park, Nepal. We conducted surveys between June and July 2015 using line transects, and nocturnal and diurnal visual encounter surveys (VES). We recorded 47 species comprising 13 anurans, 11 lizards, 18 snakes, four turtles, and one crocodilian. This document will serve as source material for outreach activities in conservation awareness of the herpetofauna in the buffer zone of the park. The present study suggests that the species composition of Beeshazar and associated lakes is likely to increase with additional systematic inventories.
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Hamman, Evan, Tess Van Geelen, and Afshin Akhtar-Khavari. "Governance tools for the conservation of wetlands: the role of the Montreux Record under the Ramsar Convention." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 11 (2019): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18483.

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The Ramsar Convention is the world’s most important international treaty governing wetland environments. Since the 1970s, the Convention has concerned itself with listing and protecting wetlands of international significance. However, in the past three decades, a focus has shifted from the identification of potential sites, towards addressing adverse changes in their ‘ecological character’. One of the few mechanisms Ramsar has at its disposal for achieving this is the Montreux Record (MR). The MR, first established in 1990, is a kind of ‘in danger’ list for Ramsar sites that have undergone, are undergoing, or are likely to undergo, adverse ecological change. Unlike other in-danger lists, such as, for example, under the World Heritage Convention, the MR is entirely voluntary and not deployed as a disciplinary measure or reputational sanction. The empirical research presented in this paper shows the declining use and importance of the MR. The paper provides an analysis of the composition and use of the MR from 1990 to 2018 and generates recommendations for how it might be used more effectively. The findings in this paper are significant, given the rapid declines of many Ramsar sites around the world.
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López-Teloxa, Leticia, Abel Cruz-Montalvo, José Tamaríz-Flores, Ricardo Pérez-Avilés, and Rosalía Castelan-Vega. "Determinación de las interrelaciones dentro del sitio Ramsar “Presa Manuel Ávila Camacho” visto como un sistema complejo." Acta Universitaria 29 (May 29, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2019.1772.

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Los Sitios Ramsar son de gran importancia ecológica y socioeconómica por sus múltiples funciones, valores y atributos. Muchos de estos sitios presentan diversos niveles de degradación social, económica y ambiental, tal es el caso del Sitio Ramsar Presa Manuel Ávila Camacho. Para entender la dinámica del ecosistema, en este trabajo se propone abordarlo como un sistema complejo, ya que son múltiples los procesos relacionados con su degradación. Con base en estudios previos sobre las condiciones actuales, y considerando al Sitio Ramsar como un sistema complejo, se determinaron las principales interrelaciones entre los subsistemas que lo forman y los elementos que componen los subsistemas, así como los niveles en que se desarrollan los procesos que se llevan a cabo dentro del mismo. Se concluye que, de seguir con el patrón detectado, la pérdida del humedal es inminente.
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Moreno-Seceña, Juan C., Martha E. Nava-Tablada, and María I. HErnández-Sánchez. "Actitud de cafeticultores sobre el manejo y conservación de suelos del sitio Ramsar, Cascadas de Texolo." Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.22231/asyd.v12i4.245.

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El cultivo del café (Coffea arabica L.) es de gran importancia económica, cultural y ambiental en el Sitio Ramsar Cascadas de Texolo y en su entorno, decretado como Área Natural Protegida. La degradación física, química y biológica del suelo en esta zona se ha incrementado; por lo que es prioritario realizar investigación tendiente a su manejo y conservación. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el historial y la actitud de cafeticultores del Sitio Ramsar Cascadas de Texolo hacia la adopción de prácticas de manejo y conservación del suelo. El estudio se realizó en localidades de Xico y Teocelo, Veracruz, mediante una encuesta que empleó un cuestionario aplicado a 40 cafeticultores cuya parcela se ubica dentro del polígono del Sitio Ramsar. Se encontró que las obras y prácticas de conservación de suelo fueron impulsadas al inicio de los años setenta por el desaparecido Instituto Mexicano del Café (INMECAFÉ) algunas de las cuales se siguen manteniendo y practicando. La edad promedio de los encuestados superó los 61 años, de los cuales 60 % son pequeños propietarios, 22 % medianos y 18 % grandes. De los productores 80 % alguna vez establecieron obras o ejecutaron prácticas de conservación. Sin embargo; actualmente sólo 45 % sigue realizando prácticas de conservación de suelo dentro del Sitio, a pesar de haber sido denominado Ramsar. Se encontró una actitud ligeramente positiva (3.3), en escala de Likert, hacia la conservación del agroecosistema cafetalero. Productores con mayor superficie cultivada presentan mejor actitud hacia la conservación de suelo (4.4), lo que podría estar relacionado con que son los que tienen mayor grado de escolaridad. Se concluyó que las actividades tendientes a la conservación de suelo que se practican en el Sitio Ramsar fueron producto de capacitaciones anteriores que aún tienen influencia y que han ido reduciéndose considerablemente a pesar de existir una actitud positiva entre los cafetaleros hacia el manejo y conservación del recurso.
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Mogrovejo Espinoza, Martín Edmundo. "METODOLOGÍA DE LA AUDITORÍA DE GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL DE LOS HUMEDALES DEL PERÚ EN EL MARCO DE LA CONVENCIÓN RAMSAR." Quipukamayoc 20, no. 37 (March 15, 2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/quipu.v20i37.3866.

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Este estudio formula el siguiente problema general: ¿Cómo los lineamientos técnicos operativos de la Convención Ramsar posibilitan la implementación de la metodología de la auditoría de gestión ambiental de los humedales del Perú? Es una investigación de nivel explicativa, desarrollada en una muestra de cinco humedales: Reserva Nacional de Paracas (Ica), Refugio de Vida Silvestre Los Pantanos de Villa (Lima), Santuario Nacional Lagunas de Mejía (Arequipa), Santuario Nacional Manglares de Tumbes (Tumbes) y Reserva Nacional Junín ( Junín y Pasco). Los instrumentos de investigación empleados fueron: la entrevista al funcionario responsable del humedal, la ficha informativa de los humedales Ramsar y la lista de verificación. Concluimos que la aplicación de la metodología de la auditoría de gestión ambiental para el caso específico de los humedales debe enmarcarse básicamente en los lineamientos del protocolo de monitoreo de la Convención Ramsar, cuya aplicación es insoslayable por las exigencias de la convención.
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Astrálaga, Magarita. "La Convención sobre los Humedales -Ramsar-." Revista de Ciencias Ambientales 21, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rca.21-1.4.

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22

Bowman, M. J. "The Ramsar Convention Comes of Age." Netherlands International Law Review 42, no. 01 (May 1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165070x00003363.

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23

Verhoeven, Jos T. A. "Water-quality issues in Ramsar wetlands." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 7 (2014): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13092.

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Wetland water chemistry, i.e. the concentrations of macro ions in the water, encompasses an important component of the ecological character of a wetland. Of these ions, nutrients play a very active role because they are exchanged between living organisms and the environment via cycling processes involving plants, animals and microbes in the ecosystem. Because many wetlands in agricultural or densely populated parts of the earth are subject to enlarged nutrient inputs, their ecological character may be affected. At the same time, nutrients are processed and retained from the through-flowing water. The present article summarises these aspects of water quality in wetlands and reflects on the development of guidance for managers of wetlands listed as internationally important under the Ramsar Convention. Protection of the water-chemistry characteristics as part of the ecological character of the wetland, consequences of nutrient loading and opportunities for nutrient retention and their limitations are critically evaluated.
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Sun, Chang Fei, Zhi Shan Duan, Ke Chen, and Li Jie Hu. "Redesign of Dynamic Balance of Impact Rammer and Study on New Type." Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (November 2012): 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.930.

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In order to improve the applicability of the impact rammer, redesign impact rammer. In view of the different application requirements, change the length of impact rammer, redesign dynamic balance of impact rammer, or change the traditional tilted impact rammer to vertical type and reduce the impact rammer quality, make the new type impact rammer can work in more narrow and special space. The applicable scope of impact rammer is extended by the redesign of dynamic balance and the design of new type of impact rammer.
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Eshliki, Sajad Alipour, and Ramin Norouzian. "Assessment of the Desirability of Tourism Destinations Based on Perceptual Analysis of the Quality of Environment Case Study: The Coastal Areas of Ramsar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 914–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.914.

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Planning for tourism destinations in order to develop collect useful policies with the aim of qualitative improvement of them has a lot of importance.Tourism destinations should have qualities to provide the conditions for attracting the tourists and accommodating them. Different aspects were considered for improving the quality of tourism destinations that one of the most important ones is the quality of tourism environment. This study evaluated the qualitative indicators of the coastal environment of Ramsar city in a field study through questionnaire tool. To this end, 304 questionnaires were distributed among coastal tourists of Ramsar city, and they were analysed after collecting data. The results of the analysis indicated that the qualitative indicators of coastal environment of Ramsar can be recognized in a specified factors. These factors are; 1. Cleanness, the quality of environment sight and social security 2.Tourism facilities 3. Recreational space and activities for families 4.Access and traffic 5.Welfare services and hospitality. There was also significant relationship between quality factors and satisfaction with tourism environment and probability of returning to the tourism destination.
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Pillay, C. N., and P. Ramasar. "Ramquar Ramasar." South African Medical Journal 109, no. 1 (December 13, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2018.v109i1.13753.

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Lipset, David. "Lost Rambos." Anthropological Forum 29, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2019.1701844.

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28

Tuhvatullina, Lenvera, and Oleg Zhigunov. "On the biology of different samples of wild ramson onions in the conditions of the Bashkir Cis-Urals." Agrarian Bulletin of the 206, no. 03 (May 14, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-206-03-67-73.

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Abstract. The purpose is to study the phenology, morphometry, reproductive biology, and propagation characteristics of the following species and samples of wild ramson onion: A. microdictyon Prokh. (Bashkir sample), A. victorialis L. (Moscow and Syktyvkar samples), A. ursinum L. (Moscow sample), A. ochotense Prokh. (Syktyvkar and Irkutsk samples). Methods. The study of wild ramson samples was carried out in 2016-2020 under the conditions of the culture in the South-Ural Botanical garden-institute of the UFRC RAS (Bashkir Cis-Urals, northern forest-steppe). The study of the seasonal rhythm of growth and development was carried out according to the method of phenological observations by I. N. Beideman and I. V. Borisova. Determination of winter hardiness and resistance to adverse weather conditions, pests and diseases, reproduction coefficient and seed productivity was carried out according to generally accepted recommendations. Results. According to the phenorhythmotype, the studied species are short-growing, spring-early-summer flowering. A. ursinum – ephemeroid, A. microdictyon, A. ochotense and A. victorialis – hemi-ephemeroid. The flowering phase occurs in late May-early June. The duration of flowering of wild ramson samples by year is 13-22 days. Seed maturation occurs in July. A. ursinum vegetation ends in July, the remaining samples-in August. The largest number of fruits and seeds are allocated samples of A. victorialis and A. microdictyon, the smallest – A. ursinum. Samples of A. microdictyon, A. ursinum and A. victorialis have a high percentage of fruit blooming. The weight of 1000 seeds of A. microdictyon is 3.6 g, A. ursinum – 5.9 g, A. victorialis – 6.3–6.7 g, A. ochotense – 7.9–8.5 g. Wild ramson seeds when sown in the open ground do not germinate in the same year: autumn sowing sprouts in 17–18 months, spring – in a year. To accelerate germination, it is recommended to stratify seeds for 2.5–3 months at a temperature of 0–3 °C. Scientific novelty. Research work on the study of wild ramson onions in the region of the Bashkir Cis-Urals has not yet been carried out. These species of onions have a wide resource value, which was caused by the high relevance of these studies.
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Nategh, Mehrdad, Abdullah Ekinci, Anoosheh Iravanian, and Siavash Salamatpoor. "Determination of Initial-Shear-Stress Impact on Ramsar-Sand Liquefaction Susceptibility through Monotonic Triaxial Testing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 7772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217772.

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Liquefaction risk assessment is critical for the safety and economics of structures. As the soil strata of Ramsar area in north Iran is mostly composed of poorly graded clean sand and the ground water table is found at shallow depths, it is highly susceptible to liquefaction. In this study, a series of isotropic and anisotropic consolidated undrained triaxial tests were performed on reconstituted specimens of Ramsar sand to identify the liquefaction potential of the area. The specimens are consolidated isotropically to simulate the level ground condition, and anisotropically to simulate the soil condition on a slope and/or under a structure. The various states of soil behavior are studied by preparing specimens at different initial relative densities and applying different levels of effective stress. The critical state soil mechanics approach for identifying the liquefaction susceptibility is adopted and the observed phenomena are further explained in relation to the micro-mechanical behavior. As only four among the 27 conducted tests did not exhibit liquefactive behavior, Ramsar sand can be qualified as strongly susceptible to liquefaction. Furthermore, it is observed that the pore pressure ratio is a good indication of the liquefaction susceptibility.
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Dervisoglu, Adalet. "Analysis of the Temporal Changes of Inland Ramsar Sites in Turkey Using Google Earth Engine." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080521.

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Ramsar Convention (RC) is the first of modern intergovernmental agreement on the conscious use and conservation of natural resources. It provides a platform for contracting parties working together to develop the best available data, advice, and policy recommendations to increase awareness of the benefits of wetlands in nature and society. Turkey became a party of the RC in 1994, and in the years 1994 to 2013, 14 wetlands that reached the Ramsar criteria were recognized as Ramsar sites (RS). With this study, all inland RS in Turkey from 1985 to 2020 were examined, and changes in the water surface areas were evaluated on the GEE cloud computing platform using Landsat satellite images and the NDWI index. The closest meteorological station data to each RS were evaluated and associated with the surface area changes. The reasons for the changes in these areas, besides the meteorological effects, have been scrutinized using management plans and publications. As a result, inland wetlands decreased at different rates from 1985 to 2020, with a total loss of 31.38% and 21,571.0 ha for the spring months. Since the designation dates of RS, the total amount of water surface area reduction was 27.35%, constituting 17,758.90 ha.
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Gell, Peter, O. Burge, and R. Flower. "Ramsar Wetlands: Understanding Change in Ecological Character." Past Global Changes Magazine 22, no. 2 (October 2014): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22498/pages.22.2.107.

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32

Bridgewater, Peter, and Rakhyun E. Kim. "The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands at 50." Nature Ecology & Evolution 5, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01392-5.

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33

Ryazanova, O. A., M. A. Nikolaeva, and Yu N. Kleschevskiy. "Botanical and commodity characteristics of the ramson." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2103-02.

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The article discusses the botanical and commodity features of the ramson (or bear’s garlic), its biology and range, economic value, use in folk medicine and home cooking, as well as benefits and harms. Identifying features and indicators regulated by GOST, conditions and methods of storage are provided.
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Bekci, Muhammed Latif, Bahadır Hakan Canpolat, Erdal Usta, Mehmet Sami Güler, and Ömer Necati Cora. "Ballistic performances of Ramor 500 and Ramor 550 armor steels at mono and bilayered plate configurations." Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 24, no. 4 (August 2021): 990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2021.01.001.

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35

Amaral Gonçalves, Stela Rosa, Cátia Nunes da Cunha, and Wolfgang Johannes Junk. "Etapas Prioritárias para uso de Dados Remotos e Sistemas de Informações Geográficas em Planejamento de Inventário, Avaliação e Monitoramento de Áreas Úmidas." Biodiversidade Brasileira - BioBrasil, no. 2 (August 5, 2020): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37002/biobrasil.v9i2.766.

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A integração de dados remotos e de sistema de informação geográfica (SIG) tem a capacidadede fornecer informações, avaliar e monitorar sítios Ramsar e outras áreas úmidas (AUs) no tempo e no espaço. Assim, sabendo-se da necessidade que o Brasil possui de realizar, na prática, as diretrizes da Convenção Ramsar, são necessárias orientações para o planejamento de inventário, a avaliação e o monitoramento de AUs utilizando dados remotos e SIG. Neste trabalho, definiram-se passos integrados e orientações para garantir a realização de um inventário de AUs e atender às ações da atual Estratégia Nacional de Conservação e Uso Sustentável das Áreas Úmidas do Brasil.
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Chen, Ke, Zhi Shan Duan, and Jia Qi Fei. "Perfect Dynamic Model and Optimal Design of Vibration-Impact Rammer." Advanced Materials Research 422 (December 2011): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.422.525.

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In order to find a better method of optimal design of vibration-impact rammer, perfect the dynamic model of vibration-impact rammer. Based on the viscoelastic-plastic theory of soil body, the dynamic model and equation set of vibration-impact rammer and soil body system are built. After computer programming, the real-time working data of vibration-impact rammer is obtained and a new method for optimal design of vibration-impact rammer is provided.
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Prastika, Zeni, Suherni Susilowati, Bodhi Agustono, Erma Safitri, Faisal Fikri, and Ragil Angga Prastiya. "Motilitas dan Viabilitas Spermatozoa Sapi Rambon di Desa Kemiren Banyuwangi." Jurnal Medik Veteriner 1, no. 2 (August 11, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmv.vol1.iss2.2018.38-42.

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Sapi Rambon merupakan salah satu sapi lokal Indonesia. Tahun 2017 populasi sapi Rambon mengalami penurunan. Salah satu upaya pelestarian sapi lokal adalah melalui peningkatan populasi sapi dan inseminasi buatan. Faktor penentu keberhasilan perkawinan salah satunya adalah libido tinggi dan kualitas semen. Motilitas spermatozoa dan viabilitas spermatozoa adalah salah satu indikator fertilitas spermatozoa dan kualitas semen. Penelitain ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motilitas dan viabilitas semen segar sapi Rambon di Desa Kemiren Kecamatan Glagah Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Semen pada penelitian ini di tampung menggunakan vagina buatan dari 6 ekor sapi Rambon jantan. Pemeriksaan motilitas spermatozoa dan viabilitas spermatozoa dilakukan di klinik Linawati Banyuwangi. Hasil pada penelitian ini disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Parameter penelitian ini adalah motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa sapi Rambon. Hasil pemeriksaan motilitas spermatozoa sapi Rambon 83,3±4,1% dan viabilitas spermatozoa sapi Rambon 86,7±2,3%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa sapi Rambon baik dan memenuhi syarat semen beku untuk inseminasi buatan.
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38

Harahap, Fitri Ramdhani. "PENGELOLAAN LAHAN BASAH TERKAIT SEMAKIN MARAKNYA KEBAKARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN ADAPTASI YANG DIDASARKAN PADA KONVENSI RAMSAR." Society 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/society.v4i2.28.

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Lahan basah tidak saja dipahami sebagai pendukung kehidupan secara langsung, seperti sumber air minum dan habitat beraneka ragam mahluk, tapi juga memiliki berbagai fungsi ekologis seperti pengendali banjir, pencegah intrusi air laut, erosi, pencemaran, dan pengendali iklim global. Salah satu bentuk kerusakan lahan basah yang semakin banyak terjadi adalah kebakaran gambut mudah terjadi di hutan rawa gambut tropis. Akibatnya hutan yang telah dieksploitasi dan tajuknya relatif lebih terbuka karena terganggu mengalami kekeringan dan mudah terbakar, ditambah lagi adanya kegiatan penyiapan lahan dengan pembakaran yang dilakukan oleh peladang berpindah. Konven- si Ramsar adalah perjanjian internasional untuk konservasi dan pemanfaatan lahan basah secara berkelanjutan. Indonesia masuk menjadi anggota Konvensi Ramsar pada tahun 1991 dengan di- terbitkannya Keppres 48 Tahun 1991 yang merupakan Ratifikasi Konvensi Ramsar di Indonesia. Strategi adaptasi dapat membantu manusia dalam mengelola dampak perubahan iklim dan melind- ungi sumber penghidupan atau matapencaharian mereka. Salah satu program yang telah dijalankan dalam upaya mengelolan lahan basah dengan pendekatan adaptasi adalah Program Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Lahan Basah Berkelanjutan (Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program/ SWAMP). Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan antara lain penanganan kebakaran di daerah penyangga ter- masuk penanaman tanaman tahan api, peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat akan bahaya dan akibat kebakaran, dan juga program pengelolaan daerah tangkapan air untuk mencegah keringnya hutan rawa gambut.
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39

Kasoar, Tim, Philline S. E. zu Ermgassen, Alvar Carranza, Boze Hancock, and Mark Spalding. "New opportunities for conservation of a threatened biogenic habitat: a worldwide assessment of knowledge on bivalve-reef representation in marine and coastal Ramsar Sites." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 11 (2015): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14306.

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The present study draws attention to the current state of knowledge of bivalve reef, an important but historically overlooked habitat type. Recent interest has led to the explicit recognition of this habitat type under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (the Ramsar Convention), an international treaty that has widespread governmental and scientific involvement. To assess the state of knowledge, the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) for marine and coastal Sites was searched for evidence that bivalve-reef habitat is present in the site. We then examined the quality of this information using alternative data sources. These were public databases of geolocated species records at three spatial scales, local and regional experts, and a general web search. It was found that of the 893 marine and coastal Ramsar Sites considered, the RIS for 16 Sites provided strong evidence of bivalve-reef habitat and 99 had confirmed presence of reef-forming bivalves, a strikingly high number, given that it is not yet compulsory to include bivalve reef in RISs. However, the alternative information sources identified bivalve reefs or reef-forming bivalves in 142 further Sites. No one information source provided comprehensive information, highlighting the overall poor state of knowledge of this habitat type.
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40

Kingsford, Richard T., Craig A. McLoughlin, Robert Brandle, Gilad Bino, Bernie Cockayne, David Schmarr, Travis Gotch, Vol Norris, and Justin McCann. "Adaptive Management of Malkumba-Coongie Lakes Ramsar Site in Arid Australia—A Free Flowing River and Wetland System." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 3043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063043.

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The Malkumba-Coongie Lakes Ramsar Site has extensive terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems (largest Ramsar Site in Oceania, 2,178,952 ha, designated in 1987), including freshwater and salt lakes, lignum swamps and river channels in central Australia. It is supplied by Cooper Creek, a free-flowing Lake Eyre Basin river system. The area includes pastoral leases (97% of site grazed, including a regional conservation reserve (35%)) and a National Park (3%), with the largest oil and gas production field in Australia. We developed a Strategic Adaptive Management (SAM) Plan, linking science, monitoring and management of this social-ecological system, involving stakeholders and workshops. This involved developing a shared vision and hierarchy of objectives linked to management actions and identified outputs and outcomes. We exemplify this approach with explicit and measurable end-points (thresholds of potential concern) culminating from low level objectives for fish communities, particularly the alien sleepy cod Oxyeleotris lineolata. We describe this framework, highlighting the benefits in prioritizing management actions and monitoring in collaboration with a diverse range of stakeholders, driving adaptive feedback for learning. The whole approach is aimed at successfully achieving mutually agreed management objectives and the vision to maintain the ecological character of the Malkumba-Coongie Lakes Ramsar Site.
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Tima, Tanjina Akter, Petra Schneider, Swapan Kumar Chanda, Mohammad Mojibul Hoque Mozumder, Mohammad Mosarof Hossain, Amany Begum, and Md Mostafa Shamsuzzaman. "Analyses Implementation Realities of Legal Frameworks for Sustainable Management of Tanguar Haor Fisheries Resources in Bangladesh." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168784.

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Tanguar Haor (TH) is considered one of the Ecologically Critical Areas (ECAs) of Bangladesh and is internationally recognized as RAMSAR wetland (2nd Ramsar site) known to provide multiple ecosystem services to the society. Nevertheless, multidimensional threats and stressors, the capacity to supply ESs, and the biodiversity of the TH significantly degrades and threatens this wetland’s conservation and sustainability. Although the legal framework promises the sustainable conservation of fisheries resources, information on the implementation scenarios of fisheries laws, regulations, and policies in the TH Ramsar are scant. By merging qualitative and quantitative data of primary and secondary sources, this research aimed to analyze the legal framework to check the effectiveness of regulations for non-conflicting fisheries resources and the sustainable conservation of the TH Ramsar. Primary empirical data were collected by employing Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools, i.e., 204 semi-structured questionnaire-based individual interviews with fishers, three focus group discussions, and 14 key informants’ interviews in three fishing villages in the TH. In contrast, secondary data was set by reviewing published literature and related official documents. Results showed that, due to weak enforcement with inadequate surveillance and poor implementation of the legal framework, there was a high non-compliance with fishing laws, rules, and policies. Destructive and prohibited fishing gears, e.g., the use of small mesh fine nylon nets (current jal), purse seine net (ber jal), and the harvesting during ban period-illicit catch were widespread in the study areas. In addition, catching undersized fish, fishing at the restricted areas (sanctuary area), and fishing during spawning seasons occur often. There is a crying need for a comprehensive legal and policy framework to contextualize the local context, ensure the proper implementation of the fishing laws and regulations, increase the managerial inefficiency of enforcing agencies, ensure livelihood support during the fishing ban, and afford good alternative income options are still significant issues for good governance in the Tanguar Haor ECA. Findings might help to identify the gaps and misunderstanding of the existing legal practice while submitting urgent attention to the need for drawing a comprehensive legal and policy framework (contextually modified according to the local context), taking initiatives and acting synchronously for proper implementation, and calling transdisciplinary collaboration and cooperation among the agencies that may ensure the non-conflicting use of the natural resources of the TH that can be also helpful for the better conservation of this Ramsar wetland.
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SANTOS, ANDRÉ RICARDO MORAIS DOS, CRISTIAINI KANO, FRANCISCO CÉLIO MAIA CHAVES, ANDRÉ LUIZ BORBOREMA DA CUNHA, DANIEL FELIPE DE OLIVEIRA GENTIL, and ARI BATISTA DA COSTA JÚNIOR. "INFLORESCENCE PRODUCTION OF BROCCOLI CULTIVARS IN THE HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE OF CENTRAL AMAZONIA1." Revista Caatinga 33, no. 1 (March 2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n106rc.

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ABSTRACT Broccoli has great economic, social, and nutritional importance. Genetic improvements through breeding programs for this species made available cultivars with satisfactory production in hot and humid climates. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the inflorescence production of broccoli cultivars (Ramoso and Cabeça groups) in the hot and humid climate of Central Amazonia. In experiment 1, Ramoso group cultivars were evaluated (Verão Ramoso Piracicaba, Ramoso Santana, Piracicaba, Piracicaba Precoce, Ramirez F1, Hanabi, Piracicaba Precoce Verão, and Hanapon ). In experiment 2, Cabeça group cultivars were evaluated (Green Storm, Strong, TPX-00925, Salinas F1, Bibou, Domador, Burney, and BRO 68 ). A randomized block experimental design was used, with eight treatments consisted of cultivars, and four replications for each experiment. Quantitative variables were evaluated, including inflorescence fresh and dry weights; and the qualitative variables evaluated showed the occurrence of undesirable characteristics in the inflorescences. Significant differences were found within the Ramoso group cultivars and within the Cabeça group cultivars evaluated. The broccoli cultivars that showed the best inflorescence production in the humid, hot climate of Central Amazonia were Verão Ramoso Piracicaba, Piracicaba Precoce Verão, Ramoso Santana, and Piracicaba Precoce of the Ramoso group; and Green Storm and Burney of the Cabeça group.
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43

Xing, Liwei, Zhenguo Niu, Panpan Xu, and Dachong Li. "Wetlands classification and assessment of Ramsar sites in China based on time series Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 5 (2018): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17119.

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Globally, wetland loss and degradation have become serious environmental and ecological issues. Wetland monitoring of Ramsar sites in China is important for developing reasonable strategies to protect wetlands. Satellite image time series may be used for the long-term monitoring of wetland ecosystems. The present study used moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series data collected in 2001 and 2013 for 20 Ramsar sites in China and assessed the environmental status of these reserves using landscape metrics. The results showed that specific seasonal wetland classes, such as flooded mud, permanent water and seasonal marshes, can be identified using MODIS time series data with acceptable accuracy. In addition to wetland area, we suggest using other landscape metrics, including landscape integrity and landscape disturbance or degradation indices, to assess wetland environmental quality. The slight wetland loss (0.8%) noted in the 20 reserves evaluated herein could indicate the effectiveness of efforts of the Chinese government and local government agencies to protect Ramsar sites. The existing unfavourable environmental conditions, which were manifested by low landscape integrity and high landscape disturbance or degradation for some reserves, were caused primarily by increasing water requirements outside the reserves and by agricultural development within reserves. Therefore, determining how to balance relationships between economic development and ecological protection of the reserves will be important in the future.
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44

Joshi, Balawant, Syed Haider, and S. Pelletier. "Alkaloids ofCorydalis ramosa." Planta Medica 56, no. 04 (August 1990): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-961000.

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45

Hellebuyck, Tom, Jules Simard, Norbert van de Velde, and Lise Geerinckx. "Acute Ramson (Allium ursinum) Toxicosis in Captive Tortoises." Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 29, no. 1-2 (May 20, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/18-07-163.1.

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46

Munishi, Subira, and Graham Jewitt. "Degradation of Kilombero Valley Ramsar wetlands in Tanzania." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 112 (August 2019): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2019.03.008.

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47

Ribeiro, Soraya, Rafael G. Moura, Cristina Stenert, Maximo Florín, and Leonardo Maltchik. "Land use in Brazilian continental wetland Ramsar sites." Land Use Policy 99 (December 2020): 104851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104851.

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48

Streever, Bill. "SWS, Ramsar, and Principles and Guidelines for Restoration." Society of Wetland Scientists Bulletin 18, no. 3 (September 2001): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0732-9393(2001)018[0010:srapag]2.0.co;2.

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49

Görlach, Manfred. "Review of Ramson (1988): The Australian National Dictionary." English World-Wide 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.10.1.16gor.

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50

Hettiarachchi, Missaka, T. H. Morrison, and Clive McAlpine. "Forty-three years of Ramsar and urban wetlands." Global Environmental Change 32 (May 2015): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.02.009.

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