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Journal articles on the topic 'Raman Tribometer'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Praveena, Manimunda, Kaustav Guha, Abhilash Ravishankar, Sanjay K. Biswas, Colin D. Bain, and Vikram Jayaram. "Total internal reflection Raman spectroscopy of poly(alpha-olefin) oils in a lubricated contact." RSC Adv. 4, no. 42 (2014): 22205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra02261k.

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2

Alamgir, Asad, Andrei Bogatov, Taivo Jõgiaas, Mart Viljus, Taavi Raadik, Jakob Kübarsepp, Fjodor Sergejev, Andreas Lümkemann, Jan Kluson, and Vitali Podgursky. "High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance and Tribological Properties of Al2O3/ta-C Coating." Coatings 12, no. 4 (April 18, 2022): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040547.

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The focus is on the oxidation resistance and tribological performance of ta-C and Al2O3/ta-C coatings. The wear tests were carried out on the ball on disc tribometer at room (25 °C) and high (400, 450 and 500 °C) temperatures in ambient air with Si3N4 balls as counterbodies. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the surface morphology and chemical bonding, respectively. The Al2O3/ta-C coating exhibited better oxidation resistance and tribological performance at elevated temperatures than the ta-C coating. The Raman analysis revealed that a thin alumina layer suppresses structural changes in the ta-C coating at elevated temperatures, thus preserving the sp3 content.
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3

González-Hernandez, A., A. B. Morales, J. C. Caicedo, N. C. Alba, R. Barragán Ramírez, and M. Flores. "Optical and tribo-mechanical characterization in metal-ceramic multilayers coatings." Revista Mexicana de Física 66, no. 4 Jul-Aug (July 1, 2020): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.66.496.

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Laboratory scale studies of tribological properties of nitride coatings are useful in predicting their protective wear behavior in cutting tools for industrial scale applications. Main aim of this research is to determinate optical and tribo-mechanical properties in multilayer coatings of metal-ceramic assigned as coatings A and B. These coatings were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on carbon steel AISI 1060 using buffer adhesion layers of W, Ti/W/WN and TiN/TiN respectively. For to determinate molecules interactions of materials were analysed by means of Raman and FTR spectroscopies. The nanohardness, tribological and adhesion behaviour were studied by nanoindentation, pin on disk and a tribometer. The hardness and behaviour tribological, were obtained by Nano-indentation, pin on disk, and scratch test using a tribometer. FTIR and Raman analysis shown the formation of Ti metallic ion and WO3 mainly in both coatings. The hardness of coatings shown a slight improvement compared with the substrate. However, for industrial application this property should be increase. The behaviour of COF does not presented improvement. The mass loss and wear rate were high significantly due to the formation of cracks on surface coatings. Scratch analysis, it found three wear mechanics determined by the presence of irregular borders with sharp shadow, semicircle detachment in coatings and coatings detachment in the central track as the load increased.
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4

Rahman, Md Shahinur, Heon-Ju Lee, Jong-Keun Yang, Konstantin Lyakhov, and Muhammad Athar Uddin. "Study on Wear and Morphological Behavior of Electron Beam Dose Irradiated Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-C)." Rajshahi University Journal of Science and Engineering 44 (November 19, 2016): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujse.v44i0.30383.

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Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-C) is the most prominent engineering thermoplastic consisting of repeating carbon-oxygen bonds in the form of oxymethylene groups (OCH2). It is widely used to make small gear wheels, ball bearings, precision parts, automotive and consumer electronics. In this study, the POM-C round blocks were irradiated with 165 KeV electron beam energy in five doses (100, 200, 300, 500 and 700 kGy) in vacuum condition at room temperature. The wear rate, surface hardness and morphological properties of electron beam dose irradiated POM-C blocks surfaces have been analyzed using pin on disk tribometer, optical microscopy, nano-indenter, Raman spectroscopy, 3D nano surface profiler and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electron beam irradiation transferred the wear phenomena of unirradiated POM-C sample from the abrasive wear (plough and cracks), adhesive wear (grooving/striation, micropitting) and scraping to mild scraping and striation for the 100 kGy dose irradiated POM-C sample due to cross-linking (macroscopic networks), chemical free radicals formations and partial physical modification (smoothness), which can be concluded from tribometer, optical microscopic, SEM and Raman spectroscopic observations. It also reduced the surface wear rate and average surface roughness with increasing microsurface hardness at threshold value of cross-linking among all unirradiated and others doses irradiated POM-C blocks. The level of tribological (wear and morphology) attribute improvement relies on the electron beam irradiation condition (energy and dose rate) depending on chemical and physical factors of polymeric materials.
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5

Wang, Hai Wang, Xue Lin Lei, Liang Wang, Bin Shen, and Fang Hong Sun. "Tribological Properties of CVD Diamond Films against Zirconia Ceramic." Materials Science Forum 770 (October 2013): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.770.130.

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Microcrystalline diamond (MCD), nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) and microcrystalline and nanocrystalline composite diamond (MNCD) films are all deposited on flat square shaped WC-6%Co substrates by using bias-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) apparatus. The diamond films are characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectrum. Typical diamond film features are exhibited in the observation of SEM and the analysis results of Raman spectrum. The tribological properties of diamond films against zirconia ceramic are conducted on a ball-on-plate type rotating reciprocating tribometer in ambient air. The average friction coefficients of MCD, NCD and MNCD film in stable period are 0.205, 0.181 and 0.138 respectively. The images of surface topography based on white-light interferometer suggest a very low wear rate of CVD diamond film.
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6

Sun, F. L., Y. L. Song, H. Tang, and J. Xu. "Metallic MoS2 enhances the performance of water-based drilling fluids." Chalcogenide Letters 19, no. 5 (June 3, 2022): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2022.195.371.

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In this work, the metal phase MoS2 was prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method, and it was systematically studied by XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, and other characterization methods. In addition, the tribological behavior of M-MoS2 in water-based drilling fluids has been extensively studied with a ball-disk tribometer. In addition, the influence of applied load and speed on friction performance is also studied. The experimental results show that the introduction of M-MoS2 significantly reduces the friction and wear of the material. Among them, M-MoS2-5-water-based drilling fluid has the lowest friction coefficient (~0.11).
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7

Li, Qing Biao, Qing Wang, and Jun Liang. "Preparation and Tribological Properties of Graphite-Containing Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on Al Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1081 (December 2014): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1081.183.

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Graphite-containing plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) composite coatings were prepared on Al alloy using periodically constant voltage, with addition of graphite in silicate electrolyte. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the coatings were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), the composition of the coatings was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra, the tribological properties of the coatings were evaluated on a tribometer. The results show that friction-reducing PEO composite coatings on Al alloy can be prepared in graphite-dispersed electrolyte using periodically constant voltage, the yielded coatings exhibit relatively lower and more stable friction coefficient.
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8

Azam, Siraj, and Sang-Shin Park. "Sonochemical Synthesis of CuO Nanoplatelets and Their Tribological Properties as an Additive in Synthetic Oil Using Reciprocating Tribometer." Lubricants 11, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11040185.

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This Research aimed to improve the tribological properties of commercially available lubricating oil (5W-40) by incorporating CuO nanoplatelets (NPs) synthesized using a simple and cost-effective sonochemical method. To evaluate the performance of the nanolubricant, a reciprocating tribometer was indigenously designed and developed to measure the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear tracks between two AISI 1045 steel surfaces. The CuO NPs were characterized using XRD to confirm their purity and phase, while SEM and FE-TEM were utilized to study their morphology and composition. Raman spectroscopy was used to reveal three distinct Raman active peaks of CuO at 283, 330, and 616 cm−1. Zeta potential measurements demonstrated good dispersion quality, with a value of 92.0 mV for 0.1% concentration. SEM and FE-TEM analysis of the nanolubricant showed the formation of a tribo-film over the CuO NPs and adding 0.1% CuO NPs reduced COF by 32%. These findings suggest that incorporating synthesized CuO NPs in commercially available lubricating oil can enhance its tribological properties, leading to improved machine efficiency and lifespan, as well as reduced energy demand. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential benefits of using CuO nanoplatelets as an additive in lubricating oil, which could have significant implications for the development of more efficient nanolubricants.
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9

Shi, Bai Jun, Si Chi Wu, Yuan Ping Peng, and Shu Hui Liao. "Study on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Graphite-Like Carbon Films." Advanced Materials Research 852 (January 2014): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.852.309.

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Graphite-like carbon films were deposited on DC53 steel substrate by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The microstructures of the resultant films were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively. Ball-on-disc tribometer was employed to analyze the tribological properties of the film. The results show that the films were dominated by sp2 sites. The surfaces are uniform and dense, the sectional morphology of the films present dense columnar crystal. The films have superior tribological properties under different loads, including low friction coefficient (0.18-0.33) and low wear rate (2.53×10-17m3/(Nm)- 8.47×10-17m3/(Nm)).
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10

Tyagi, Ankit, Qasim Murtaza, and Ravinderjit Singh Walia. "Residual, Corrosion & Tribological Behavior of HVOF Sprayed Sustainable Temperature-Dependent Carbon-Based Hybrid Composite Coating." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2021.7101.

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At present, cost-effective coatings that cause less pollution are in great demand; to decrease frictional losses, carbon-based hybrid composite coatings have been developed using a high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray process. The microstructural, tribological, corrosion, and mechanical properties of these coatings have been evaluated using high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), Raman spectrum, Vickers micro-hardness tester, µ-360 cos(α) residual stress analyser, corrosion tester, and high temperature tribometer. The residual stress, corrosion and tribological behaviour at high temperatures were investigated using a pin-on-disc high-temperature tribometer. The tribological performance was evaluated using a high-temperature tribometer, and the experimental result shows that a coefficient of friction (COF) varies from 0.12 to 0.52, while wear results were in the range of 45 µm to 120 µm, as the test condition of temperature ranging from 50 °C to 350 °C, load from 60 N to 90 N and sliding velocity from 0.1 m/s to 0.4 m/s respectively. The experimental results of corrosion testing show that the mass loss decreases from 0.10 g to 0.04 g, when samples were dipped for 1 h; when the samples were dipped for 8 h, the mass loss of hybrid composite coating varied from 0.12 g to 0.045 g. The tribological test showed a 78.9 % increase in micro-hardness, a 78 % decrease in residual stress, and 60 % and 62.5 % decreases in mass loss due to corrosion at 1 h and 8 h, respectively, a 76.9 % decrease in COF and 62.5 % reduction in the wear at test condition of 350 ºC temperature, a sliding velocity of 0.4 m/s and 90 N load.
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11

Hao, Liang, Wendi Hao, Peipei Li, Guangming Liu, Huaying Li, Abdulrahman Aljabri, and Zhongliang Xie. "Friction and Wear Properties of a Nanoscale Ionic Liquid-like GO@SiO2 Hybrid as a Water-Based Lubricant Additive." Lubricants 10, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10060125.

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In this study, a nanoscale ionic liquid (NIL) GO@SiO2 hybrid was synthesized by attaching silica nanoparticles onto graphene oxide (GO). It was then functionalized to exhibit liquid-like behavior in the absence of solvents. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized samples were characterized by means of a transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The tribological properties of the NIL GO@SiO2 hybrid as a water-based (WB) lubricant additive were investigated on a ball-on-disk tribometer. The results illustrate that the NIL GO@SiO2 hybrid demonstrates good dispersity as a WB lubricant, and can decrease both the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear loss.
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12

Vlcak, Petr, Frantisek Cerny, Zdenek Tolde, Josef Sepitka, Ivan Gregora, and Stanislav Danis. "Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Carbon Thin Film with Tungsten Interlayer Prepared by Ion Beam Assisted Deposition." Journal of Materials 2013 (March 19, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/630156.

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Mechanical and tribological properties of the thin carbon film with tungsten interlayer were investigated. The carbon film (130 nm) and the tungsten interlayer (20 nm) were prepared by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) method. Both layers were electron beam evaporated and were simultaneously irradiated by the beam of argon (Ar) or nitrogen (N) ions with energy of 700 eV. Mechanical properties of the thin carbon film with tungsten interlayer were investigated by the nanoindentation method. Concerning tribological properties the coefficient of friction was investigated by means of pin on disc tribometer. Phase composition was investigated by X-ray diffraction method (XRD), and bonding characterization of carbon thin film was characterized by Raman spectroscopy.
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13

Scendo, M., N. Radek, J. Konstanty, and K. Staszewska. "Sliding Wear Behaviour and Corosion Resistance to Ringer’s Solution of Uncoated and DLC Coated X46Cr13 Steel." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 1895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0305.

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Abstract Sliding wear properties and corrosion resistance in Ringer’s solution of uncoated and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated X46Cr13 steel was tested. The Raman spectra showed that the DLC film was successfully coated by plasma assisted CVD method onto the steel surface. The wear test, carried out using a ball-on disk tribometer, revealed that the DLC coating show better resistance to sliding wear and lower friction coefficient against a 100Cr6 steel ball than five times softer X46Cr13 steel. The oxidation kinetic parameters were determined by means of both the gravimetric and electrochemical method. It was found that the DLC coating markedly decreased the rate of corrosion of the X46Cr13 steel, irrespective of the corrosion mechanism involved.
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14

SantAna, Péricles Lopes, Santos R. J., Bortoleto J. R. R., Cruz N. C., Rangel E. C., Santos L. V., and Silva T.F. "Study of a-C:H thin films deposited by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation for mechanical and tribological applications." Nanoscale Reports 2, no. 3 (July 14, 2019): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/nr1933.

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The tribological and mechanical properties of DLC films deposited on the surface of 16MnCr5 steel alloy were investigated. The major concerning of using DLC layers on engine parts are: (i) to reduce friction; (ii) to increase fuel efficiency and to reduce CO2 emission; (iii) to increase hardness of alloy steel. After polished and ultrasonicated, 16MnCr5 substrates were submitted to PIIID procedures in radiofrequency plasmas (13.56 MHz) generated from atmospheres of methane and argon. Excitation power and total gas pressure were kept constant. It was investigated the effect of methane proportion on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the films using the follow techniques: Raman Spectroscopy (for Hydrogen content and microstructure analysis), Ultra Micro-Tribometer (for friction coefficient) and Nanoindentation (hardness evaluation). Raman analysis confirmed DLC character of the films produced, and the proportion of 80% methane and 20% argon resulted to the best performance of mechanical properties of the films owing to the increase of hardness in until ten times, and reducing the friction coefficient to about 0.2. In addition, thickness for these films varied from 165 nm to 206 nm.
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15

Motallebzadeh, Amir, Erdem Atar, and Huseyin Cimenoglu. "Raman spectroscopy characterization of hypo-eutectic CoCrWC alloy tribolayers." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2015-0168.

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Purpose This paper aims to study microstructure and high temperature tribological performance of hypo-eutectic CoCrWC hardfacing alloy (Stellite 12) deposited on steel substrate by plasma-transferred arc (PTA) welding technique. Design/methodology/approach Microstructural characterization of the deposited coating was made using electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction and microhardness tester. Dry sliding wear tests were carried out with a ball-on-disc type tribometer at room and elevated temperature. Worn surfaces of the samples were examined by the EDX equipped SEM and Raman spectroscopy. Findings Results revealed that at room temperature and 300°C plasticity dominated wear mechanism was operative. Under oxidation dominated wear conditions (400, 500, 600 and 700°C), testing temperature plays a crucial role on the characteristics of the oxide tribolayers formed on worn surfaces. Development of Cr2O3 in the tribolayer at 600 and 700°C was beneficial in increasing wear resistance of examined coating. Originality/value While the sliding wear performance of Stellite alloys at room temperature has been investigated in details, published studies on tribological behavior of Stellite alloys with varying temperature are scarce. Therefore, the present work was undertaken to study the wear mechanisms and the type of tribolayers formed during sliding wear of PTA welding deposited hypo-eutectic Stellite 12 coating with increasing temperature up to 700°C.
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16

Praveena, Manimunda, Colin D. Bain, Vikram Jayaram, and Sanjay K. Biswas. "Total internal reflection (TIR) Raman tribometer: a new tool for in situ study of friction-induced material transfer." RSC Advances 3, no. 16 (2013): 5401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra00131h.

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17

Liu, Fuyan, Fujie Liu, Rui Zhang, and Xinhong Chen. "Microstructure and tribological property of a MXene derived from Ti3AlC2." Materials Research Express 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 025004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac5076.

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Abstract Ti3C2 layers with a layered two-dimensional structure are synthesized by immersing a precursor Ti3AlC2 with hydrofluoric acid solution. The microstructure of Ti3C2 layers is analyzed by SEM, XRD, Raman and AFM. Additionally, the tribological behavior of Ti3C2 layers is investigated at various loads and sliding speeds by sliding against Si3N4 balls on a UMT-2 tribometer. In comparison, the tribological behavior of Ti3AlC2 at various loads is tested under identical condition. The results indicate that the Ti3C2 layers have been successfully prepared and their thickness mainly distributes in the range of 2.3–3.1 nm. Moreover, the Ti3C2 layers exhibit better tribological behavior than its precursor -Ti3AlC2 in dry sliding. It is expected that the Ti3C2 layers will be applied as a solid lubricant additive for other materials.
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18

Ren, J. W., Rui Cheng Bai, H. Li, Ai Jun Li, M. S. Ren, and Jin Liang Sun. "Effect of DLC Film on Tribological Properties of Carbon/Carbon Composites." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.759.

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The effect of DLC film on tribological properties of C/C composites was investigated with a ball-on-disk tribometer in dry air, compared with the result of specimen without DLC film. The DLC film was prepared on the surface of C/C composites substrate by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (PECVD). After PECVD, structural characterization of the film, adhesion strength of film to substrate, surface morphology and linear wear were studied by Raman spectroscopy, Rockwell-C apparatus, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical Microscopy (OM), respectively. The result showed that the film deposited on the surface of C/C substrate exhibited typical Raman spectroscopy fingerprints of DLC films and a good adhesion to the substrate surface was found. A stable friction coefficient was observed during the friction tests. With the DLC film, the friction and wear properties of C/C composites were improved significantly. The average friction coefficient of the C/C specimen with DLC film (0.08637) was reduced by 65.56% than that of the one without DLC film (0.2508) and the linear wear was decreased by 84.7% ( from 148.47μm to 22.71 μm) as well.
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19

Jedrzejczak, Anna, Witold Szymanski, Lukasz Kolodziejczyk, Anna Sobczyk-Guzenda, Witold Kaczorowski, Jacek Grabarczyk, Piotr Niedzielski, Agnieszka Kolodziejczyk, and Damian Batory. "Tribological Characteristics of a-C:H:Si and a-C:H:SiOx Coatings Tested in Simulated Body Fluid and Protein Environment." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062082.

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This paper presents the tribological properties of silicon and oxygen incorporated diamond-like carbon coatings tested in simulated body fluid and bovine serum albumin environments. The tests were performed using a ball-on-disc tribometer with an AISI316L steel counterbody. The wear tracks and wear scars were analyzed using optical microscopy and a nanoindenter. The interaction between the coating and the working environment was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, whereas changes in the chemical structure before and after the tribological tests were compared with the use of Raman spectroscopy. Our study showed that the tribological parameters are governed by the presence of oxygen rather than the changing concentration of silicon. Both of the spectroscopy results confirm this statement, indicating that coatings with low concentrations of silicon and oxygen appear to be better candidates for biological applications in terms of wear resistance.
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20

Janchocktawee, Witit, Vishnu Rachpech, and Jessada Wannasin. "Comparison of DLC and N-Doped DLC Synthesized by RF-PECVD." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.528.

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films and nitrogen doped DLC (NDLC) were deposited on glass slide and H13 steel by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using a commercial RF 13.56 MHz (RF-PECVD). The films have been prepared from CH4for DLC and CH4+N2mixtures for NDLC. The deposition process was at 300°C under argon atmosphere for 120 min. Bonding energy and diamond like carbon characteristic of DLC and NDLC films have been characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Thermalgravimetric Analyzer (TGA) was used to evaluate the thermal stability of the films which were scrapped off from a glass slide substrate. The mechanical properties was characterized, such as hardness by nanoindentation technique, scratch test by Rockwell diamond tip in progressive mode and friction coefficient have been measured in ambient air using a ball-on-disk tribometer.
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21

JEAN, Ming-Der, Cheng-Wu LIU, Pao-Hua YANG, and Wen-Hsien HO. "Optimization of Wear Behavior of DLC Coatings Through Optimization of Deposition Conditions." Materials Science 26, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.26.3.22101.

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Based on genetic algorithm (GA) and fuzzy neural network, a new method for the study of sputtering process is proposed in this paper. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings were deposited on SKD11 steel by magnetron sputtering. An orthogonal array design is implemented and the effects of control factors on surface properties of the coatings were systematically analyzed. The coating properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and wear volume surface performance of the Zr-doped DLC coatings was evaluated by a wear tests pin-on-disk tribometer. The Raman analyses showed that, at lower ID/IG ratio, a lower wear volume of the Zr-doped DLC coatings can be obtained. Scratch tests as well as Rockwell indentation tests revealed that the graded Zr-doped DLC structures efficiently provide better adhesive strength of DLC coatings. The results show that the wear behaviors of the DLC coatings can be improved by Zr-doping, which the Zr-doped DLC coatings exhibited promising tribological properties. Also, the predictive ability of the GA-ANFIS computations for the tribological behaviors of the Zr-DLC coatings within the experimental domains proved to be reliably obtained, where the forecasted values and experimental results are close.
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Li, Chuan, Mingling Li, Xinyun Wang, Weimin Feng, Qiangqiang Zhang, Bo Wu, and Xianguo Hu. "Novel Carbon Nanoparticles Derived from Biodiesel Soot as Lubricant Additives." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2019): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081115.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the roles and tribological mechanisms of onion-like carbon nanoparticles derived from biodiesel soot (BDS) when applied in water (H2O) and liquid paraffin (LP). In this study, we prepared nitric acid-treated BDS (NA-BDS) as an additive to H2O and NA-BDS modified with oleylamine (NA-BDS-OLA) as an additive to LP. Raman spectroscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potentiometry were used to characterize the results of the nitric acid treatment and oleylamine modification. The tribological behaviors and corresponding mechanisms of the new onion-like carbon nanoparticles were evaluated using a ball-on-disc reciprocating tribometer, as well as field-emission scanning electron microscopy, three-dimensional laser scanning microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the additives NA-BDS and NA-BDS-OLA, which were onion-like carbon nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 35 to 40 nm, enhanced the antiwear and friction reduction properties of H2O and LP, respectively. Through tribo-mechanisms, these types of soot can serve as spacers and ball bearings between the rubbing surfaces. Moreover, exfoliation under a high load as a result of the formation of a graphitic layer facilitates easy shearing.
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Kałużny, Jarosław, Andrzej Kulczycki, Wojciech Dzięgielewski, Adam Piasecki, Bartosz Gapiński, Michał Mendak, Tomasz Runka, et al. "The Indirect Tribological Role of Carbon Nanotubes Stimulating Zinc Dithiophosphate Anti-Wear Film Formation." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071330.

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Experimental studies reveal that the simultaneous addition of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDPs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to a poly-alpha-olefin base oil strongly reduces wear. In this paper, it is shown that MWCNTs promote the formation of an anti-wear (AW) layer on the metal surface that is much thicker than what ZDDPs can create as a sole additive. More importantly, the nanotubes’ action is indirect, i.e., MWCNTs neither mechanically nor structurally strengthen the AW film. A new mechanism for this effect is also proposed, which is supported by detailed tribometer results, friction track 3D-topography measurements, electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. In this mechanism, MWCNTs mediate the transfer of both thermal and electric energy released on the metal surface in the friction process. As a result, this energy penetrates more deeply into the oil volume, thus extending the spatial range of tribochemical reactions involving ZDDPs.
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Zhang, F. X., X. Sub, G. G. Tanga, and J. Xub. "Construction and tribological behaviors of MXenes/MoS2 heterojunction with 2D/2D structure in liquid paraffin." Chalcogenide Letters 18, no. 5 (May 2021): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2020.185.225.

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In this work, novel MXenes/MoS2 heterojunction of flower-like MoS2 decorated sheet-like MXenes were successfully fabricated by one-step hydrothermal approach using TiO2 as the precursor, and systematically investigated by a series of characterizations (e.g. XRD, Raman, SEM, and TEM analysis). Furthermore, the tribological behaviour of MXenes/MoS2 heterojunction in liquid paraffin were extensively examined a ball-on-disk tribometer. The effects of applied load and rotational speed were also investigated. The experimental results indicated the friction and wear was significant decreased with introduction of MXenes/MoS2 heterojunction. Especially, 5%-MXenes/MoS2-paraffin samples show the lowest friction coefficient (~0.10). Additionally, the construction and excellent tribological properties of MXenes/MoS2 heterojunction would be beneficial for the design of novel nano-additives with 2D/2D structure for enhancing friction reduction and anti-wear, which also would expand their actual applications in the industry and agriculture.
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Gao, X. Y., P. Lu, Z. M. Xu, and G. G. Tang. "Synthesis and tribological properties of MXene/TiO2/MoS2 nanocomposite." Chalcogenide Letters 19, no. 8 (September 5, 2022): 513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2022.198.513.

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In this work, novel MXene/TiO2/MoS2 heterojunction of flower-like MoS2 decorated sheet-like MXenes were successfully fabricated by one-step hydrothermal approach using TiO2 as the precursor, and systematically investigated by a series of characterizations (e.g. XRD, Raman, SEM, and TEM analysis). Furthermore, the tribological behaviour of MXene/TiO2/MoS2 heterojunction in liquid paraffin were extensively examined a ball-on-disk tribometer. The effects of applied load and rotational speed were also investigated. Compared with MXenes/MoS2 nanocomposites, three-phase MXene/TiO2/MoS2 achieved better friction properties. Especially, when the mass ratio of MTM in base oil is 3wt%, the friction coefficient reaches the minimum value of 0.09. Additionally, the construction and excellent tribological properties of MXene/TiO2/MoS2 heterojunction would be beneficial for the design of novel nano-additives with 2D/2D structure for enhancing friction reduction and anti-wear, which also would expand their actual applications in the industry and agriculture
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26

Zheng, X. H., Jiang Ping Tu, Hong Xia Li, and Ren Guo Song. "Effects of Temperature on Microstructure and Tribological Performance of a-CNx Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.549.

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a-CNx films were deposited onto silicon wafers at temperatures from RT up to 600 °C by using pulsed KrF excimer laser deposition. The composition, morphology and microstructure of the CNx films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectrum. The tribological performance of the films was investigated using a ball-on-disk tribometer. With increasing the deposition temperature ranging from RT to 400 °C, the N content of films dropped from 36 at.% to 22 at.%, the ratio of N-sp3 C bonds, hardness and friction coefficient of the film decreased. Further increase of deposition temperature led to the lack of nitrogen and the increasing degree of order in ringed sp2 C=C bonds of the amorphous carbon film. The mechanical and tribological performances became worse. The film deposited at 300°C showed a low friction coefficient of 0.11 and a preferable wear resistance of 1.65×10–7 mm3 Nm–1 in humid air.
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27

Hong, C. F., J. P. Tu, R. L. Li, and X. H. Zheng. "Preparation and Tribological Properties of Amorphous Ti/C Multilayers by Pulsed Laser Deposition." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.617.

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Amorphous Ti/C multilayers were prepared on titanium-alloy and silicon (100)-wafer substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Films with different Ti concentration were synthesized by changing the ablating time for Ti and C targets. The morphology and microstructure of Ti/C multilayers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Both of the Ti and C monolayers were amorphous. The metallic Ti stimulated the formation of more amorphous carbon phase by reducing the sp2 aromatic bonds and elongating the C-C chain bonds. The tribological properties of Ti/C multilayers were investigated by ball-on-disk tribometer. The pure C film and the multilayers containing more than 68.8 at.% of Ti showed low wear resistance. The multilayer contained 36.8 at.% of Ti exhibited the lowest wear rate at 3.54×10–16 m3/N·m. The formation of carbon related interlayer and its effect on tribological performance of the films were discussed.
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28

Yashin, Maxim, Janis Baroninš, Pradeep L. Menezes, Mart Viljus, Taavi Raadik, Andrei Bogatov, Maksim Antonov, and Vitali Podgursky. "Wear Rate of Nanocrystalline Diamond Coating under High Temperature Sliding Conditions." Solid State Phenomena 267 (October 2017): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.267.219.

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The present study deals with the tribological behavior of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings at high temperature sliding conditions. The NCD coatings were grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method on the hard metal (WC-Co) substrates. The friction and wear tests were performed on ball-on-disc tribometer using a high-temperature chamber with rotary drive. The tests were carried out at room temperature, 300, 450 and 600 °C. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, mechanical profilometry and Raman spectrometry were used for investigation of the morphology and chemical composition of the wear scars and pristine surface. The depth and width of the wear scars measured after the high temperature sliding tests are larger in comparison with room temperature tests. It was observed that the coefficient of friction (COF) increased with increasing temperature. The wear rate of NCD coatings tested at 300-450° C was about 10 times higher than that at room temperature. The mechanisms involved for these variations are discussed.
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29

Jiang, Jinlong, Qiong Wang, Yubao Wang, Zhang Xia, Hua Yang, and Junying Hao. "Influence of Applied Bias Voltage on the Composition, Structure, and Properties of Ti:Si-Codoped a-C:H Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/937068.

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The titanium- and silicon-codoped a-C:H films were prepared at different applied bias voltage by magnetron sputtering TiSi target in argon and methane mixture atmosphere. The influence of the applied bias voltage on the composition, surface morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of the films was investigated by XPS, AFM, Raman, FTIR spectroscopy, and nanoindenter. The tribological properties of the films were characterized on an UMT-2MT tribometer. The results demonstrated that the film became smoother and denser with increasing the applied bias voltage up to −200 V, whereas surface roughness increased due to the enhancement of ion bombardment as the applied bias voltage further increased. The sp3carbon fraction in the films monotonously decreased with increasing the applied bias voltage. The film exhibited moderate hardness and the superior tribological properties at the applied bias voltage of −100 V. The tribological behaviors are correlated to the H/E or H3/E2ratio of the films.
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30

Xiang, Shuo, Xufei Long, Qinhui Zhang, Pengfei Ma, Xin Yang, Hui Xu, Peng Lu, Peng Su, Weihua Yang, and Yan He. "Enhancing Lubrication Performance of Calcium Sulfonate Complex Grease Dispersed with Two-Dimensional MoS2 Nanosheets." Lubricants 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2023): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11080336.

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Calcium sulfonate complex greases (CSCG) have proven to be a sustainable alternative to lithium complex greases, which still require appropriate additives to deliver lubrication performance benefits under extreme working conditions such as heavy load, high speed, and high temperature. The anti-wear and friction reducing properties of CSCG enhanced by two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets (2D MoS2) with a narrow lateral size and thickness distributions were evaluated by a four-ball tribometer. The results showed that the CSCG with 0.6 wt.% 2D MoS2 performs best, with a 56.4% decrease in average friction coefficient (AFC), 16.5% reduction in wear scar diameter (WSD), 14.3% decrease in surface roughness, and a 59.4% reduction in average wear depth. Combining SEM-EDS images, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectra, it is illustrated that the physical transferred film and tribo-chemical film consisting of MoS2, Fe2O3, FeSO4, CaCO3, CaO, and MoO3 were generated on the worn surface, which improves the lubrication performance of CSCG considerably.
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31

Pakpum, C., N. Pasaja, P. Suanpoot, D. Boonyawan, P. Srisantithum, C. Silawatshananai, and Thiraphat Vilaithong. "Diamond-Like Carbon Formed by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition Technique on 304 Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 107 (October 2005): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.107.129.

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on stainless steel disc substrates by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII&D) technique. Ar, CH4 and C2H2 gas were used as the working gases and discharged by radio frequency at 13.56 MHz. During the implantation and deposition process the plasma discharge was monitored by optical emission spectroscopy in order to analyze the state of the chemical species presented in the plasma. Ion implantation (Vbias = -20 kV and –10 kV) process served to produce a graded interface between the DLC films and the substrate material. Deposition (Vbias = -5 kV) process using a gas mixture of C2H2/Ar with a ratio of 1:1. The structure information of the DLC films was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The composition of the DLC films and the thickness was measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The tribological properties were analyzed using a pin-on-disk tribometer and a microhardness tester, respectively. It was found that the DLC film was 0.8 μm thick with a hardness of 2.54 GPa and had good friction properties. Raman spectra appeared as G-band and D-band centered at 1550 cm-1 and 1418 cm-1, respectively. FTIR analysis observed the sp3 C=H2 asymmetric and sp2 C=C bond at 2928.73 cm-1 and 1667.10 cm-1 peak.
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32

Li, Jian Liang, Hang Li, Dang Sheng Xiong, Yu Juan Ji, and Yong Kun Qin. "Preparation and Tribological Property of Plasma Sprayed Adaptive Ni-Mo-Al-Ag-BN Composite Coating." Key Engineering Materials 739 (June 2017): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.739.30.

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In this paper an adaptive Ni-Mo-Al-Ag-BN composite coating was deposited by plasmaspraying. Its tribological property from 20°C-600°C were evaluated by using high temperature tribometer. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the coating and corresponding wear tracks to determine the lubrication mechanisms. The result shows that the friction coefficient of the Ni-Mo-Al–Ag-BN composite coating from 200°C to 400°C is about 0.4 and declines very slightly at 600°C . The wear rates of the coating is 2.0×10-4mm3/N*m at 600°C and the downward trend is obvious compared with 400°C. Silver provide lubrication below 400 °C. Ag2MoO4 were formed with the temperature raised, and acted as high-temperature lubricants above 400 °C. Ni-Mo-Al–Ag-BN composite coating established a new lubrication mechanism model at 600°C . It can be concluded that the plasma sprayed Ni-Mo-Al - Ag - BN composite coating can keep good tribological property at wide range of temperature.
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33

Liu, Yunhai, Bin Zhang, Lei Chen, Zhongyue Cao, Pengfei Shi, Jinwei Liu, Junyan Zhang, and Linmao Qian. "Perspectives of the Friction Mechanism of Hydrogenated Diamond-Like Carbon Film in Air by Varying Sliding Velocity." Coatings 8, no. 10 (September 21, 2018): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8100331.

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The purpose of the present work is to probe the friction mechanism of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (H-DLC) film in air by varying sliding velocity (25–1000 mm/s). Friction tests of Al2O3 ball against H-DLC film were conducted with a rotational ball-on-disk tribometer. As the sliding velocity increases, both the friction coefficient and the surface wear of H-DLC film decrease, reach the minimum values, and then increase in the high sliding velocity region. Based on the observed results, three main friction mechanisms of H-DLC film—namely graphitization mechanism, transfer layer mechanism, and passivation mechanism—are discussed. Raman analysis indicates that the graphitization of worn surface on the H-DLC film has a negligible contribution to the variation of the friction coefficient and the surface wear. The origin of the sliding velocity dependence is due to the synergistic interaction between the graphitized transfer layer formation and the surface passivation. The present study will not only enrich the understanding of friction mechanism of H-DLC films in air, but will also help to promote their practical engineering applications.
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34

Гренадеров, А. С., А. А. Соловьёв, К. В. Оскомов, and М. О. Жульков. "Зависимость механических и трибологических свойств a-C : H : SiO-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=--пленок от амплитуды напряжения смещения подложки." Журнал технической физики 91, no. 8 (2021): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2021.08.51106.15-21.

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The paper presents the AISI 316L stainless steel surface modification by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition of a-C:H:SiOx film using the pulsed bipolar substrate bias voltage. The mechanical and tribological properties of the a-C:H:SiOx film and the steel surface are examined using the nanoindentation method and the pin-on-disk tribometer, respectively. The optimum value is obtained for the amplitude of the negative pulse of the bipolar bias voltage, when the hardness of the a-C:H:SiOx film is high (19±2 GPa). This hardness value is 3.5 times greater, than the hardness of the AISI 316L steel surface (5.5±0.1 GPa). At the same time, the coefficient of friction of the film is low (0.08), which is 9 times lower than that of the steel (0.72). The wear rate values are found to be 8.5×10-7 and 3.7×10-5 mm3N-1m-1 for the coated and uncoated steel, respectively. The structure and composition of the obtained films are studied by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
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35

Wang, Jialin, Bin Han, Shaohua Zhu, and Xinhao Sun. "Study on Friction and Wear Properties of 23CrNi3Mo Carburized Steel under Water Lubrication." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2338, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2338/1/012027.

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Abstract In this paper the friction and wear of 23CrNi3Mo carburized steel under water lubrication were studied. The friction and wear properties of carburized steel sliding with stainless steel, GCr15, Al2O3 and ZrO2 balls were analyzed by tribometer, 3-D topography and SEM. The results show that compared with other materials, ZrO2 and carburizing steel have better tribological properties. Compared with Al2O3, the wear depth of carburized steel sliding with ZrO2 is reduced by 41% at the load of 2 N and 50% at the load of 10 N. In the load range of 2N-10N, the wear rate of carburized steel is the lowest when rubbing with ZrO2, and it gradually decreases when the load increases. Combined with SEM and Raman spectrum analysis, Oxide film was formed on the surface of carburized steel during the sliding test of ZrO2 and carburized steel. This oxide film was mainly composed of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3, which effectively reduces the friction coefficient and wear rate of 23CrNi3Mo carburized steel under water lubrication.
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36

WANG, YAO, PING HE, YINGCHAO CHEN, MUSEN LIU, CHENG LI, NAICHAO CHEN, JIANXING REN, and QUANJUN ZHU. "INFLUENCE OF EMBEDDED TUNGSTEN PARTICLES ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIORS OF CVD DIAMOND COATING." Surface Review and Letters 27, no. 02 (May 20, 2019): 1950097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19500975.

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Diamond coating has gained intensive attraction in the tribological field due to its high hardness. However, its weak flexibility always gives rise to the fragile crack, which causes the delamination and peeling off from substrate. In this work, a novel deposition method combining the conventional hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) and particles doping technique is proposed to balance the hardness and flexibility of diamond coating, by which the diamond coating with tungsten particles is deposited on the co-cemented tungsten carbide substrate. The as-deposited diamond coating is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, surface roughness and Raman spectrum. The indentation tests are conducted to evaluate the crack propagation of diamond coating. Tribological behavior is examined on a reciprocating ball-on-plate tribometer. The results indicate that tungsten carbide may be formed between tungsten particles and diamond coating. The W–WC–amorphous carbon–diamond structural coating can validly inhibit the crack propagation and decrease the friction coefficient. Hence, adding embedding particles into the diamond coating may provide a useful way in enhancing the mechanical properties of diamond coating.
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37

Guo, Peng, Peiling Ke, and Aiying Wang. "Incorporated W Roles on Microstructure and Properties of W-C:H Films by a Hybrid Linear Ion Beam Systems." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/530959.

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W-incorporated diamond-like carbon (W-C:H) films were fabricated by a hybrid beams system consisting of a DC magnetron sputtering and a linear ion source. The W concentration (1.08~31.74 at.%) in the film was controlled by varying the sputtering current. The cross-sectional topography, composition, and microstructure of the W-C:H films were investigated by SEM, XPS, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The mechanical and tribological properties of the films as a function of W concentration were evaluated by a stress-tester, nanoindentation, and ball-on-disk tribometer, respectively. The results showed that films mainly exhibited the feature of amorphous carbon when W concentration of the films was less than 4.38 at.%, where the incorporated W atoms would be bonded with C atoms and resulted in the formation ofWC1-xnanoparticles. The W-C:H film with 4.38 at.% W concentration showed a minimum value of residual compressive stress, a higher hardness, and better tribological properties. Beyond this W concentration range, both the residual stress and mechanical properties were deteriorated due to the growth of tungsten carbide nanoparticles in the carbon matrix.
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38

Bouabibsa, Imane, Salim Lamri, and Frederic Sanchette. "Structure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Me-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) (Me = Al, Ti, or Nb) Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Coatings." Coatings 8, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8100370.

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Metal containing hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coatings (Me-DLC, Me = Al, Ti, or Nb) of 3 ± 0.2 μm thickness were deposited by a magnetron sputtering-RFPECVD hybrid process in an Ar/H2/C2H2 mixture. The composition and structure were investigated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The residual stress was measured using the curvature method and nanoindentation was used to determine the hardness and the Young’s modulus. A Ball-on-disk tribometer was employed to investigate the frictional properties and sliding wear resistance of films. The results show that the properties depend on the nature and the Me content in the coatings. The doping of the DLC coatings leads to a decrease in hardness, Young’s modulus, and residual stresses. Wear rate of the films first decreases with intermediate Me contents and then increases for higher Me contents. Significant improvements in the friction coefficient on steel as well as in the wear rate are observed for all Al-DLC coatings, and, concerning the friction coefficient, the lowest value is measured at 0.04 as compared to 0.07 for the undoped DLC.
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39

Jana, Sukhendu, Sayan Das, Utpal Gangopadhyay, Anup Mondal, and Prajit Ghosh. "A Clue to Understand Environmental Influence on Friction and Wear of Diamond-Like Nanocomposite Thin Film." Advances in Tribology 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/352387.

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The wear and friction of diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) film have been investigated in air with different relative humidity (RH), under deionized (DI) water and saline solution. The structure of the film has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result shows two interpenetrating network structure: a–C:H and a–Si:O, and they are interpenetrated by Si–C bonding. The tribological performance has been measured using ball-on-disc tribometer with tungsten carbide ball as counterbody at 10 N normal load. Results show that with increasing relative humidity (RH) from 35% to 80%, the coefficient of friction (COF) increases gradually from 0.005 to 0.074, whereas with increasing RH the wear factor decreases from9.8×10−8 mm3/Nm and attains a minimum value of2.7×10−8 mm3/Nm at 50% RH. With further increase of RH the wear factor increases again. Moreover, in DI water and especially in saline solution, both the COF and wear factor have been found to be significantly low. A clue has been interpreted to understand environmental dependency, considering the effect of surface dangling bonds, charge transfer, and chemical interactions.
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40

Cuao Moreu, Carlos A., Demófilo Maldonado Cortés, María del Refugio Lara Banda, Edgar O. García Sánchez, Patricia Zambrano Robledo, and Marco Antonio L. Hernández Rodríguez. "Surface, Chemical, and Tribological Characterization of an ASTM F-1537 Cobalt Alloy Modified through an Ns-Pulse Laser." Metals 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111719.

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Metallic biomaterials are considered safe materials for the fabrication of orthopedic prostheses due to their mechanical stability. Among this group, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys are commonly used. Nevertheless, adverse reactions on tissues caused by the liberation of metallic ions are a limitation. Therefore, the modification of biometallic material surfaces has become a topic of interest, especially the improvement of the wear resistance to retard the degradation of the surface. In this work, dimples obtained at different processing parameters by an ns-pulse laser were texturized on an ASTM F-1537 cobalt alloy. Surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The mechanical integrity of the surface was evaluated using a 3D surface analyzer and Vickers indentation tests. The tribological response was studied employing a ball-on-disc tribometer under lubricated conditions tracking the coefficient of friction, volume loss, wear rate, and surface damage by SEM. The variation of the laser power, repetition rate, and process repetitions slightly modified the chemistry of the surface (oxides formation). In addition, the rugosity of the zone treated by the laser increased. The texturized samples decreased the wear rate of the surface in comparison with the untreated samples, which was related to the variation of the dimple diameter and dimple depth.
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41

Cai, Yao, Huidong Liu, Ye Ma, Qiang Wan, Hao Chen, Yan Liu, Yanming Chen, Qingsong Mei, and Bing Yang. "Effect of Ion Source Current on the Microstructure and Properties of Cr-DLC Coatings Prepared by Ion Beam-Assisted Arc Ion Plating." Nano 12, no. 05 (March 7, 2017): 1750053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292017500539.

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Cr-containing diamond-like carbon (Cr-DLC) nanocomposite coatings were synthesized by ion beam-assisted arc ion plating with varying hollow cathode ion source (HCIS) currents. The morphologies, compositions and microstructures were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-Ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Hardness and friction coefficient were investigated by using nanoindentation and ball-on-disc tribometer, respectively. With no HCIS current, the coating exhibits the maximal growth rate and a rough surface, as well as lower hardness and elastic modulus. With the increasing HCIS current from 40[Formula: see text]A to 80[Formula: see text]A, the growth rate and the content of chromium carbide decrease obviously, the [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] ratio increases initially to the maximum at the HCIS current of 60[Formula: see text]A, the highest hardness and elastic modulus are obtained at the HCIS current of 50[Formula: see text]A. It is also revealed that moderate HCIS current can reduce surface roughness obviously and promote tribological properties. The correlation of the HCIS current with the microstructure and performance of Cr-DLC coating has been established.
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42

Chen, Yanjie, Enzhu Hu, Hua Zhong, Jianping Wang, Ayush Subedi, Kunhong Hu, and Xianguo Hu. "Characterization and Tribological Performances of Graphene and Fluorinated Graphene Particles in PAO." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 2126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082126.

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Graphene has been widely used as a lubricating additive to reduce the energy consumption of engines and improve fuel economy because of its unique crystal structure. Herein, graphene (GR) and fluorinated graphene (F-GR) nanoparticles were prepared by ball milling and liquid-phase exfoliation. The SEM/EDS, HRTEM, XPS, Raman spectrometer, X-ray spectrometer, FTIR were used to investigate the morphologies, surface groups, and crystal structure of two kinds of graphene materials. The influence of loads on the tribological properties of two kinds of particles was investigated in Poly Alpha Olefin (PAO6) using a UMT-2 reciprocating tribometer. Results showed that the crystal structure of GR is better than F-GR. F-GR can improve the lubrication performance of PAO6. For PAO6 containing 1 wt% F-GR at 10 N, the average friction coefficient and average wear rate decreased by 12.3% and 87% relative to pure PAO6, respectively. However, the high load resulted in an inconspicuous anti-wear and anti-friction effect. The influence of F-GR on the tribological behavior of PAO6 was more substantial than that of GR. The friction and wear mechanisms attributed to F-GR quickly entered the interface between the friction pairs. Friction-induced F-GR nanosheets mainly took the tribo-chemical reactions to participate in the lubrication film formation and helped achieve a low friction coefficient and wear rate.
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43

Rahman, Md Shahinur, Konstantin Lyakhov, Jong-Keun Yang, Muhammad Athar Uddin, and Muhammad Sifatul Alam Chowdhury. "Friction and Structural Responses of Ion Implanted Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-C)." Rajshahi University Journal of Science and Engineering 44 (November 19, 2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujse.v44i0.30385.

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Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-C) round block was implanted with 120 KeV ions of He to doses of 5 x 1016 and 1 x 1016 ions cm-2. It was also implanted with 120 KeV ions of Ar + He and He + Ne to dose of 1 x 1016 ions cm-2, respectively. The friction coefficient behavior of both implanted and unimplanted POM-C blocks was investigated using a ball on disk tribometer mechanism. The friction coefficient of He ion implanted POM-C block at a dose of 5 x 1016 ions cm-2 is lowest compared to all unimplanted and others ions doses implanted POM-C blocks. It also shows the moderate surface texturing (atomic rearrangement), lower surface micro-hardness and average surface roughness compared to both unimplanted and other ions doses implanted POM-C blocks due to well adjusted carbonization, cross-linking and ions-target atoms collisions, which is ascertained from SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopic and surface profiling observations. The other ions doses implanted POM-C blocks demonstrate the higher friction coefficient and surface roughness with polymer surface deformation (crazing, cracking, pitting and gas evolution, bond breaking) due to severe chain scission, surface dose delivered atomic displacements and chemical structural degradation. It is concluded that the variation in friction coefficient behavior of POM-C block resulted from its structural response for ion beam implantation on the top surface.
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44

Mat Tahir, Noor Ayuma, Mohd Fadzli Bin Abdollah, Noreffendy Tamaldin, Mohd Rody Bin Mohamad Zin, and Hilmi Amiruddin. "Effect of hydrogen on graphene growth from solid waste products by chemical vapour deposition: friction coefficient properties." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 72, no. 2 (October 22, 2018): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-05-2018-0197.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of hydrogen (H2) gas on the graphene growth from fruit cover plastic waste (FCPW) and oil palm fibre (OPF), as a solid feedstock, towards the coefficient of friction (COF) properties. Design/methodology/approach Graphene film growth on copper (Cu) substrate was synthesised from FCPW and OPF, as a solid feedstock, using the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method, at atmospheric pressure. The synthesised graphene was characterised using Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Dispersed Spectroscopy (EDS). Surface hardness and roughness were measured using a nano-indenter and surface profilometer, respectively. Then, a dry sliding test was executed using a ball-on-disc tribometer at constant speed, sliding distance and load, with coated and uncoated copper sheet as the counter surface. Findings The presence of H2 gas reduced the running-in time of the dry sliding test. However, there is no significant effect at the constant COF region, where the graphene growth from FCPW shows the lowest COF among other surfaces. Research limitations/implications This paper is limited to graphene growth using the CVD method with selected parameters. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper on growing graphene from palm oil fiber via the CVD method and its subsequent analysis, based on friction coefficient properties.
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45

Dai, Wei, Liang Wu, and Qimin Wang. "Structure and Property of Diamond-like Carbon Coating with Si and O Co-Doping Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7050180.

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In this paper, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings with Si and O co-doping (Si/O-DLC) were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering using a gas mixture of C2H2, O2 and Ar to sputter a silicon/graphite splicing target. The O content in the Si/O-DLC coatings was controlled by tuning the O2 flux in the gas mixture. The composition, chemical bond structure, mechanical properties and tribological behavior of the coatings were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectrometer, Raman spectroscopy, nanoindentation, a scratch tester and a ball-on-disk tribometer. The electrical resistivity of the Si/O-DLC coatings was also studied using the four-point probe method. The results show that the doping O tends to bond with Si to form a silicon–oxygen compound, causing a decrease in the sp3 content as well as the hardness of the coatings. The tribological performance of the coatings can be improved due to the formation of the silicon–oxygen compound, which can effectively reduce the friction coefficient. In addition, the insulating silicon–oxygen compound is doped into the C-C network structure, significantly improving the surface resistivity of the DLC coating with a low sp3 content. The Si/O-DLC coatings with good mechanical properties, tribological performance and electrical insulation properties might be used as protection and insulation layers for microelectronics.
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46

Ziakhodadadian, Siamak, and Tianhui Ren. "Tribological characterization of graphene oxide by laser ablation as a grease additive." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 20, no. 3 (October 14, 2021): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2021-0168.

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Abstract In this work, the structural and tribological behavior of graphene oxide samples as a grease addi-tive was studied. By Nd:YAG laser ablation system and using graphite target at two laser energy of 0.3 W and 0.6 W, graphene oxide (GO) samples were successfully prepared. GO samples were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Also, tribological behaviors of the lubricating grease, with and without the graphene oxide in grease, by the pin-on disc tribometer were determined. The Raman spectroscopy measurements showed D and G bound, which confirmed the successful synthesis of the graphene oxide sample and also the I D/I G, decreased by increasing laser power due to decreasing disorder in graphene oxide structure. FESEM images show that by ablating carbon atoms from graphite target in water, particles assemble to form a GO micro-cluster due to thermodynamically agglomeration with average size of about 3–4 µm, which the size of them depends on the laser pulse energy. Based on FTIR and EDAX analysis, GO sample which prepared at lower laser energy possessed the highest content of oxygen and oxygen functional groups. In addition, the results of tribological behavior showed that the friction-reducing ability and antiwear property of the grease can be improved effectively with the addition of GO. However, it is revealed that the small size GO has a better lubricating performance and therefore cluster size appears to play a role in the degree of wear protection due to its impact on the physical and chemical properties. The results of this study indicate that the GO sample prepared at lower laser energy (0.3 W) has a smaller size and the higher the oxygen content therefore provide better friction-reducing and anti-wear effect. Also, additive of graphene oxide in lubricating grease decreases coefficient of friction as well as wear. Based on our results, the application of GO as an additive in grease leads to increased performance of the lubricated kinematic machine.
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47

Bobzin, K., T. Brögelmann, C. Kalscheuer, and M. Thiex. "Self-lubricating triboactive (Cr,Al)N+Mo:S coatings for fluid-free applications." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 27 (July 1, 2021): 15040–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06255-9.

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AbstractWithin this study, self-lubricating and triboactive (Cr,Al)N+Mo:S coatings were developed and investigated for the deposition on components in a low-temperature physical vapor deposition (PVD) hybrid process. Therefore, direct current magnetron sputtering (dcMS) and high power pulse magnetron sputtering (HPPMS) PVD were combined by using an industrial coating machine. Hereby, it was possible to deposit dense and smooth triboactive, self-lubricating nitride coatings with different chemical compositions and architectures on 16MnCr5E samples. Two coating architectures, a matrix monolayer and a graded coating structure, were developed to evaluate the effect on the tribological behavior. The morphology and coating thickness were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the indentation hardness and modulus of indentation as well as the compound adhesion between substrate materials and coating were analyzed. Tribological analyses of (Cr,Al)N+Mo:S-coated and uncoated samples were conducted under fluid-free friction regime at room temperature T = (20 ± 3) °C, a velocity v = 0.1 m/s and a distance s = 1000 m by varying the Hertzian contact pressure from 400 MPa ≤ pH ≤ 1300 MPa against steel counterparts, 100Cr6, in a pin-on-disk (PoD) tribometer. The graded coating architecture of (Cr,Al)N+Mo:S enabled a significant wear and friction reduction. Furthermore, Raman analyses prove the formation of solid lubrication tribofilm containing MoS2, MoO3 MoO2 and MoxOy at the toplayer of a graded (Cr,Al)N+Mo:S coating, which are responsible for the improved tribological behavior.
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48

WANG, LIANG, BIN SHEN, FANGHONG SUN, and ZHIMING ZHANG. "EFFECT OF POLISHING ON THE FRICTION BEHAVIORS AND CUTTING PERFORMANCE OF BORON-DOPED DIAMOND FILMS ON WC-Co INSERTS." Surface Review and Letters 21, no. 03 (June 2014): 1450037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x14500371.

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Boron doped ( B -doped) diamond films are deposited onto WC- Co inserts by HFCVD with the mixture of acetone, trimethyl borate ( C 3 H 9 BO 3) and H 2. The as-deposited B -doped diamond films are characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, 3D surface topography based on white-light interferometry and Rockwell hardness tester. The effects of mechanical polishing on the friction behavior and cutting performance of B -doped diamond are evaluated by ball-on-plate type reciprocating tribometer and turning of aluminum alloy 7075 materials, respectively. For comparison, the same tests are also conducted for the bare WC- Co inserts with smooth surface. Friction tests suggest that the unpolished and polished B -doped diamond films possess relatively low fluctuation of friction coefficient than as-received bare WC- Co samples. The average stable friction coefficient for B -doped diamond films decreases apparently after mechanical polishing. The values for WC- Co sample, unpolished and polished B -doped diamond films are approximately 0.38, 0.25 and 0.11, respectively. The cutting results demonstrate that the low friction coefficient and high adhesive strength of B -doped diamond films play an essential role in the cutting performance enhancement of the WC- Co inserts. However, the mechanical polishing process may lower the adhesive strength of B -doped diamond films. Consequently, the polished B -doped diamond coated inserts show premature wear in the machining of adhesive aluminum alloy materials.
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49

Sheeja, D., B. K. Tay, H. M. Lam, and S. K. Ng. "EFFECT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON THE ADHESIVE AND TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DLC COATING PREPARED ON Co-Cr-Mo ALLOY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2002): 952–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920201066x.

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The Co-Cr-Mo alloy is extensively used for tribological applications, including orthopaedic components in total joint replacements. High quality diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on metal/alloy substrates are of great interest as they are able to protect them from severe wear and thus prolong the life span of the component. Since the roughness of the metal/alloy varies depending on the applications, a study has been carried out to investigate the effect of substrate surface roughness on the microstructure, sliding life, wear-resistance, coefficient of friction, adhension and hardness of DLC coatings prepared on Co-Cr-Mo alloy substrates under the same deposition condition. The microstructure of the films studied using Raman spectroscopy suggests that the film prepared on a smoother surface contains slightly higher fraction of sp 3 bonded carbon atoms. The characterization using a pin-on-disk tribometer reveals that, the film prepared on the roughest sample (Ra ~ 0.06 μm) exhibits a very short life span of about 20 cycles compared to the film that is prepared on a relatively smoother surface (Ra ~ 0.02 μm), which exhibits a life span of about 340,000 cycles. In order to investigate the origin of this improved property of the DLC film on the smoother surface, adhesive strength and hardness of the films were studied by using a micro-scratch tester and a Nano-indenter, respectively. The results suggest that the film prepared on the smoother surface exhibits better adhesion (higher critical load) and relatively higher hardness.
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50

Zhang, Wei, Seiji Yamashita, Takeshi Kumazawa, Fumihito Ozeki, Hideki Hyuga, and Hideki Kita. "Study on friction behavior of SiC-B4C composite ceramics after annealing." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 72, no. 5 (December 7, 2019): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-08-2019-0350.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the friction behavior of SiC-B4C composite ceramics treated by annealing in air sliding against SiC balls. Design/methodology/approach The dry sliding tests were performed with a ball-on-disk tribometer in ambient air condition. Analysis of friction coefficient, phase compositions of the surfaces, morphologies of worn surfaces of disks and wear scars of balls and surface profiles of wear tracks for disks were carried out using Raman spectroscope, microscope and surface profilometer. Findings The results show that a self-lubricating layer with the main composition of H3BO3 was successfully fabricated on the surface of SiC-B4C composite ceramics by the annealing treatment in air. When the mass fraction of SiC is more than that of B4C, SiC-B4C composite ceramics show higher friction coefficients, the values of which are 0.38 for 80 Wt.%SiC-20 Wt.%B4C and 0.72 for 60 Wt.%SiC-40 Wt.%B4C, respectively. SiC-B4C composite ceramics show lower friction coefficients when the mass fraction of B4C is more than that of SiC. The low friction coefficients of 40 Wt.%SiC-60 Wt.% B4C composite ceramics (0.16) and 20 Wt.%SiC-80 Wt.% B4C composite ceramics (0.20) are attributed to the formation of a sufficient amount of H3BO3 layer, rather than the layer of silicon oxides. Originality/value This study will help to understand the friction behavior of SiC-B4C composite ceramics with different ratios of SiC to B4C treated by annealing in air.
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