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1
Wynn, Mychal. Enough is enough: The explosion in Los Angeles, America receives a wake-up call. Marietta, Georgia: Rising Sun Pub., 1993.
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2
United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Implementation of the Helsinki accords: Hearing before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One Hundredth [i.e. Hundred] First Congress, first session : the right to receive and impart information, prelude to the London Information Forum, March 16, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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Performance of Coherent and Noncoherent RAKE Receivers With Convolutional Coding Ricean Fading and Pulse-Noise Interference. Storming Media, 2004.
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4
Performance Analysis of Adaptive Antenna with Coding and Rake Receiver. Storming Media, 2002.
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Mangun, Kimberley, and Larry R. Gerlach. Making Utah History. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037467.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on Utah, another Mountain state, using a case study of press coverage of the 1925 lynching of African American Robert Marshall. It analyzes early-twentieth-century race relations and a recent contentious debate over the public memory of racial lynching in a state historically dominated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (the Mormons). Memphis journalist Ida B. Wells was the first to identify the underlying causes of lynching. In three long investigative pamphlets published between 1892 and 1900, she discussed how allegations of rape obscured the real reason behind the killings of black men: white rage over economic advances among a rising black middle class. Lynching has received considerable scholarly and popular attention since Wells' groundbreaking work.
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Patterson Silver Wolf, David A. The New Addiction Treatment. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197601372.001.0001.
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Addiction is this country’s most pervasive and damaging public health problem, yet most Americans receive care that results in a failure rate that is both astronomically high and shielded from public view. This book examines the current state of the addiction treatment business and explores the reasons why—unlike those for all other behavioral, psychological, or neurological disorders—the treatment of addiction has been frozen in amber and little improved since the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous in 1935. After describing the size and scope of the problem and examining actual recovery rates for those who undergo treatment, there is the assertion that there are effectively two kinds of treatment regimes in the United States: those that medical doctors receive and those for the rest of us. The former has about an 80 percent success rate, the latter about an 80 percent failure rate. Drawing from personal experience as a former patient and person in long-term recovery, as well as 22 years as a clinician, professor, and researcher, many of the impediments to effective treatment today are described. The book finally offers a plausible and cost-effective way to disrupt the dismal status quo and realistically aspire to an 80 percent success rate for everyone who receives professional help for a substance use disorder.
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Bailey, Richard A. Puritans and Race. Edited by Paul Harvey and Kathryn Gin Lum. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190221171.013.22.
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In scholarly discussions about “race” in the Americas, colonial New England often receives little attention. While race-based slavery perhaps never commanded the same attention in the northern colonies as in regions farther south, “race” factored into nearly every aspect of life in New England from the outset. This chapter not only discusses how scholars have approached this conversation but also investigates some of the ways in which New Englanders made sense of themselves and the peoples of varying ethnicities, relying at times on the specific theological context of New England puritanism. Focusing on the ways in which New Englanders wrestled with the dilemma of racial thinking within their theological system brings New England fully into the discussion of the intersections between “race” and religion in colonial America.
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Sriratanaban, Chana. Investigation of aspects of the Globalstar satellite PCN system: RAKE receiver architecture for Globalstar like CDMA based SPCN. 1995.
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Teoh, Karen M. Rare Flowers, Modern Girls, Good Citizens. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495619.003.0005.
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Chinese-language girls’ schools in British Malaya and Singapore grew out of the national modernization movement in late Qing and early Republican China, and therefore also contained the contradictions of the “woman question” of that period. These schools were sites of modernization and politicization for overseas Chinese women, introducing non-gender-specific curricula, notions of gender equality, and ideals of national citizenship. Arguably, they may have done more to usher in modernity for girls and women than contemporaneous English schools in Malaya and Singapore, challenging the received wisdom that modernizing change was a Western-driven movement. At the same time, these schools sometimes perpetuated traditional gender role expectations even more energetically than occurred in China, because those beliefs were associated with the cultural heritage that they were supposed to uphold, especially in a Western imperial milieu. Chinese political and social modernization hence became associated with cultural conservatism.
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Peacock, Janet L., Sally M. Kerry, and Raymond R. Balise. Single group studies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779100.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 discusses single group studies, and covers prevalence, how to present results, screening studies, calculating, and presenting sensitivity and specificity. It discusses how to deal with calculations with a rare condition where the numbers are small. Finally, it discusses the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The chapter includes analyses using Stata, SAS, SPSS, and R.
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Burton, Justin Adams. “Cheap and Easy Radicalism”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190235451.003.0003.
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Kendrick Lamar registers as an explicitly political rapper who speaks against police violence and for black solidarity. But the reception of Kendrick Lamar—the idea of Kendrick as found in journalistic accounts of what he does—actually works against this notion of him as a rapper with progressive politics. This chapter explores the way legible politics can be easily co-opted into the mainstream by considering how Kendrick is received in a post-race, anti-black political discourse. The post-race reception of Kendrick takes the same form as neoliberalism’s creative destruction; his politics parallel neoliberalism’s economics. Lester Spence’s theory of black parallel publics in hip hop is expanded to include more contemporary examples and a post-race milieu.
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Zack, Naomi, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190236953.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race provides up-to-date explanation and analyses by leading scholars of contemporary issues in philosophy of race and African American philosophy. Ideas about race held by Locke, Hume, Kant, Hegel, and Nietzsche are supplemented by suppressed thought from the African diaspora, early twentieth-century African American perspectives, and Native American, Asian American, and Latin American views. Philosophical analysis is brought to bear on the status of racial divisions as human categories in the biological sciences, as well as within the architectonic of contemporary criticism and conceptual analysis. The special applications of American philosophy and continental philosophy to ideas of race are presented as methodological alternatives to more analytic approaches. As a collection of analyses and assessments of “race” in the real world, there is trenchant and relevant attention paid to historical and contemporary racism and what it means to say that “race” and racial identities are socially constructed. Analyses of contemporary social issues include the importance of racial difference and identity in education, public health, medicine, IQ and other standardized tests, and sports. Societal limitations and structures provided by public policy and law are realistically considered. As a critical theory, the study of race is compared to feminism. Historical and contemporary, as well as academic and popular, racisms pertaining to male and female gender receive special consideration. Although this comprehensive collection may have the effect of a textbook, each of the original essays is a fresh and authentic development of important present thought.
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Brown, Jeannette. African American Women Chemists. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199742882.001.0001.
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Dr. Marie Maynard Daly received her PhD in Chemistry from Columbia University in 1947. Although she was hardly the first of her race and gender to engage in the field, she was the first African American woman to receive a PhD in chemistry in the United States. In this book, Jeannette Brown, an African American woman chemist herself, will present a wide-ranging historical introduction to the relatively new presence of African American women in the field of chemistry. It will detail their struggles to obtain an education and their efforts to succeed in a field in which there were few African American men, much less African American women. The book contains sketches of the lives of African America women chemists from the earliest pioneers up until the late 1960's when the Civil Rights Acts were passed and greater career opportunities began to emerge. In each sketch, Brown will explore women's motivation to study the field and detail their often quite significant accomplishments. Chapters focus on chemists in academia, industry, and government, as well as chemical engineers, whose career path is very different from that of the tradition chemist. The book concludes with a chapter on the future of African American women chemists, which will be of interest to all women interested in science.
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Torres, Sandra. Ethnicity and Old Age. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447328117.001.0001.
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This book’s starting point is the notion of theorising and the fact that, because scholarship at the intersection of ethnicity, race and old age has stagnated, we are in dire need of inquiries that focus on the context of discovery. The author argues that our scholarly imagination about this intersection needs to be developed now that the globalisation of international migration and transnationalism have increased the ethno-cultural diversity of our ageing populations. Through a scoping review of the last twenty years of research and theunderstandings of ethnicity and race that informs it, the author shows that scholarship on ageing and old age do not resonate well with the latest advancements in ethnicity and race scholarship. The book introduces gerontologists to social scientific discussions about ethnicity and race, introduces international migration scholars to the implications that population ageing has for the life-course, gives both of these scholarly fields insight into what characterizes scholarship at the intersection of ethnicity/ race and old age, andproposes a new research agenda. By bringing attention to the topics that have received the most attention (i.e. health inequalities, health and social care, intergenerational relationships and caregiving), and the manner in which ethnicity/ race have been made sense of so far, the author identifies the obstacles that scholarship on ethnicity, race and old age faces, and proposes how we can address them in an ethnicity-astute and diversity-informed manner.
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Waldo, Albert L. Rate versus rhythm control therapy for atrial fibrillation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0511.
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Based on data from several clinical trials, either rate control or rhythm control is an acceptable primary therapeutic strategy for patients with atrial fibrillation. However, since atrial fibrillation tends to recur no matter the therapy, rate control should almost always be a part of the treatment. If a rhythm control strategy is selected, it is important to recognize that recurrence of atrial fibrillation is common, but not clinical failure per se. Rather, the frequency and duration of episodes, as well as severity of symptoms during atrial fibrillation episodes should guide treatment decisions. Thus, occasional recurrence of atrial fibrillation despite therapy may well be clinically acceptable. However, for some patients, rhythm control may be the only strategy that is acceptable. In short, for most patients, either a rate or rhythm control strategy should be considered. However, for all patients, there are two main goals of therapy. One is to avoid stroke and/or systemic embolism, and the other is to avoid a tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Also, because of the frequency of atrial fibrillation recurrence despite the treatment strategy selected, patients with stroke risks should receive anticoagulation therapy despite seemingly having achieved stable sinus rhythm. For patients in whom a rate control strategy is selected, a lenient approach to the acceptable ventricular response rate is a resting heart rate of 110 bpm, and probably 90 bpm. The importance of achieving and maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure remains to be clearly established.
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Heath, Anthony F., Elisabeth Garratt, Ridhi Kashyap, Yaojun Li, and Lindsay Richards. The Fight against Idleness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805489.003.0006.
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Unemployment has a wide range of adverse consequences over and above the effects of the low income which people out of work receive. In the first decades after the war Britain tended to have a lower unemployment rate than most peer countries but this changed in the 1980s and 1990s, when Britain’s unemployment rate surged during the two recessions—possibly as a result of policies designed to tackle inflation. The young, those with less education, and ethnic minorities have higher risks of unemployment and these risks are cumulative. The evidence suggests that the problems facing young men with only low qualifications became relatively worse in the 1990s and 2000s. This perhaps reflects the dark side of educational expansion, young people with low qualifications being left behind and exposed in the labour market.
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Singleton, Jermaine. Queering Celie’s Same-Sex Desire. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039621.003.0005.
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This chapter places psychoanalytic theories of melancholia in conversation with Walker's The Color Purple to show how “deviant” desire is engendered within and maintained by racialized subject-formations, as they are conceived and regulated by the ongoing process of racialization and gender order that guarantees the reproduction of the white heteropatriarchal familial structure that attends a melancholic, normative American nationhood. It explores the transformative possibilities theories of melancholia carry for the intervention into and the interpretation of received fictions of race and sexuality. A rereading of The Color Purple through the psychoanalytic paradigm of melancholia aims to not only depolarize sexual and racial distinctions within the reductive gazes of psychoanalysis and race studies, but also integrates racial difference into the project of queer studies by casting them as mutually constitutive dimensions of the process of subject formation within the broader context of the unconscious processes that attend racialization.
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Dukhovny, Stephanie. Prenatal Genetics for Women with Neurology Disease. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0006.
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The genetic evaluation of heritability of genetic disease, as well as screening of the fetus for neurologic diseases, have evolved a great deal since the 1970s. Screening and diagnostic evaluation now includes the ability to detect fetuses with anatomic abnormalities of the central nervous system and rare autosomal recessive disorders with neurologic features. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis now allows families with confirmed genetic abnormalities to utilize in vitro fertilization technologies to avoid affected pregnancies. For families that have not received a prenatal diagnosis, newborn screening allows for detection of diseases with potential neurologic implications in the child’s early newborn period.
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Guglielmo, Thomas A. Divisions. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342659.001.0001.
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Divisions examines racism and resistance in America’s World War II military. The military built not one color line, but a complex tangle of them, involving every imaginable aspect of military life. Who served? Who fought? Who died? Who gave orders and who was forced to follow them? Who received the best ratings and jobs and pay and promotions? Who was court-martialed? Who received furloughs and leaves? Who received honorable or dishonorable discharges? Who ate at the officers’ club? Who danced at the post’s main recreation center? Who drank at the best pub in Cherbourg, France, or swam in the nicest pool in Calcutta? Color lines, which divided American troops in various configurations, often spoke definitively in all these matters and more. Taken together, they represented a sprawling structure of white supremacy and of African American, Japanese American, and other nonwhite subordination. Varied freedom struggles arose in response, democratizing portions of the wartime military and setting the postwar stage for its desegregation and for the flowering of civil rights movements beyond. But the costs of the military’s color lines were devastating. They impeded America’s war effort, undermined the nation’s Four Freedoms rhetoric, traumatized, even killed, an unknowable number of nonwhite troops, further naturalized the very concept of race, deepened many whites’ investments in white supremacy, especially anti-black racism, and further fractured the American people.
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Marsh, Leslie L. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037252.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter argues that Brazilian women's film practice retains an impulse to use moving images as a way to denounce social inequality and fight for justice. Indeed, throughout the 1990s and in recent years, one finds an increasingly intersectional approach whereby gender, and female sexuality have been studied in conjunction with age, class, race, ethnicity, and other markers of power and social exclusion. Moreover, the sociopolitical issues raised by women directors from the past find echo in current debates surrounding Brazilian women's filmmaking. As the area of Brazilian women's filmmaking receives increasing attention from academics, analysis of women's filmmaking in Brazil needs to further examine funding strategies women employ to make their films while also expanding its focus to include other arenas in film production, distribution, and exhibition in which women have been involved.
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Levesque, Roger J. R. Determining the Legitimacy of Laws That Use Racial/Ethnic Classifications. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190633639.003.0002.
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Under the US Constitution, the government must ensure that individuals receive the equal protection of laws. This mandate, however, becomes challenging in that equal protection may be different depending on the involved individuals and circumstances. This chapter examines the general parameters of how the legal system addresses claims alleging violations of rights, such as those involving differential treatment based on race. The analysis demonstrates when discrimination exists in law and, equally important, discusses what is needed to envision ways to reach societal interests relating to equal opportunities and equal treatment. The chapter concludes by noting how these legal developments influence the potential relevance and utility of empirical evidence.
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Helzlsouer, Kathy J., and Arti Patel Varanasi. Enhancing Fidelity to Cancer Treatment Guidelines. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0019.
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Cancer treatment has become increasingly complex with the rapid development of new therapies and treatment modalities. Guidelines for optimum cancer treatment are produced by several organizations, but ensuring that the patient receives the treatment requires both provider awareness and patient support to follow a complex treatment plan. An individual diagnosed with cancer must simultaneously come to terms with the diagnosis, make difficult shared decisions about treatment with his or her provider, and commence treatment in a matter of a few days or weeks. Ensuring optimum treatment is an increasingly complex process that involves multiple people and steps. Well-documented disparities exist in the receipt of and adherence to appropriate treatment by demographic and social factors, such as age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography. This case study provides an example of how the process of providing optimum cancer treatment may be improved through a technology-enhanced navigation program.
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Leon, Susan A., Amy D. Rodriguez, and John C. Rosenbek. Right Hemisphere Damage and Prosody. Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.15.
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Communication requires interdependent functioning of large portions of the brain, and damage to any of these systems can disrupt effective and appropriate communication. Damage to the right hemisphere or basal ganglia can result in difficulty using or understanding prosodic contours in speech. Prosody includes pitch, loudness, rate, and voice quality, and is used to convey emotional connotation or linguistic intent. A disorder in the comprehension or production of prosody is known as aprosodia; affective aprosodia is a specific deficit affecting emotional or affective prosodic contours. The right hemisphere has been shown to play a critical role in processing emotional prosody and aprosodia syndromes resulting from damage to right hemisphere areas have been proposed. These include an expressive aprosodia resulting from anterior damage and a receptive aprosodia resulting from more posterior damage. Assessment and diagnosis of aprosodia in clinical settings are often perceptually based; however, acoustic analyses of means and ranges of frequency, intensity, and rate provide an instrumented analysis of prosody production. The treatment of aprosodia following stroke has received scant attention in comparison to other disorders of communication, although a few studies investigating cognitive–linguistic and imitative treatments have reported some positive results.
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Jackson, Russell. Staging Shakespearean Tragedy. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.32.
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Drawing on contemporary reviews, promptbooks and other sources, this essay discusses the interplay between originality and tradition in the performance of the leading roles, and the ways in which passionate speech and behaviour were executed in line with prevailing definitions of what was deemed appropriate to ‘heroic’ status. Appeals to the example of notable players from the early 1800s—notably John Philip Kemble and Sarah Siddons—persisted in critical response until well into the middle of the nineteenth century, while innovations in the treatment of particular scenes and situations were consistently framed in terms of received wisdom regarding the plays themselves, as well as in response to divergent male and female sensibilities and, in the case of Othello, evolving ideas of 'race'.
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Kamal, Arif H., and Jason A. Webb. Effects of Morphine on Dyspnea (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0016.
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This chapter reports on an open, uncontrolled study to assess the effects of subcutaneous morphine on dyspnea in patients with terminal cancer. Twenty patients with dyspnea from restrictive respiratory failure received a subcutaneous dose of morphine relative to their opioid tolerance: 5mg for opioid naïve (5 patients) and 2.5 times regular dose for opioid tolerant (15 patients). Dyspnea and pain scores were measured every 15 minutes for 150 minutes. Dyspnea scores, but not respiratory rate, respiratory effort, nor arterial saturation of oxygen were affected. Ninety-five percent of patients reported improved dyspnea after morphine. This chapter describes the basics of the study and briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
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Tucker, Veta Smith. Secret Agents. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037900.003.0004.
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This chapter explores the gendered schema at the core of enslaved black women's abolitionist resistance and the scholarly neglect it received by examining the multiple and varied forms of resistance to labor and sexual abuse that four enslaved women engaged in: Mary Elizabeth Bowser, Margaret Garner, Harriet Tubman, and Mary Ellen Pleasant. In all cases, black women manipulated the stereotype of the hapless, deficient, enslaved black woman and used it as camouflage for their anti-slavery and anti-patriarchy insurgency. Either momentarily or permanently, Bowser, Garner, Tubman, and Pleasant became agents of their own or others' liberation. They exercised tactical ingenuity and rare insight into the illogic of both slavery and patriarchy. Ultimately, the success of these women's gendered resistance mystified antagonists, supporters, and scholars alike.
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McKinlay Gardner, R. J., and David J. Amor. Gonadal Cytogenetic Damage from Exposure to Extrinsic Agents. Edited by R. J. McKinlay Gardner and David J. Amor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199329007.003.0024.
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This chapter is a compendium of what is known about the susceptibility, or resistance, of the gonad to agents that might seem candidates for possibly causing damage, and with particular reference to chromosomal status of gametes. A main focus is on cancer treatments. A majority of children and young adults who receive modern cancer treatment survive. Some treatments cause sterility, but in quite a number, fertility is unscathed, or at any rate, subsequently recovers. The chapter also references industrial, environmental, and recreational factors. A notable and substantially reassuring conclusion from these data is the apparent dearth of instances of an extrinsic factor having caused a chromosome abnormality in the sperm or egg of an exposed person.
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Holanda Barbosa, Fernando de. Experiences of Inflation and Stabilization, 1960–1990. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.6.
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This chapter analyzes the Brazilian inflation and stabilization experiences during a period spanning three decades, from 1960 to 1990. It focuses on five stabilization plans. The first is the PAEG Plan, a neo-orthodox stabilization plan, which did not eliminate inflation but reduced its trend rate. The PAEG Stabilization Plan started as a fully orthodox plan, but later, as the social cost imposed by the inertial component of inflation became apparent, an indexation mechanism was devised with a forward component in wages readjustment, decreasing the backward component. This mechanism, which intended to preserve the average real worker’s wage, became a standard tool of stabilization plans in Brazil, despite the criticism it received at that time. The other four are heterodox plans, Cruzado, Bresser, Summer, and Collor, implemented during the so-called lost decade.
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Chudacoff, Howard P. The Civil Rights Restoration Act and Enforcement of Title IX. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039782.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses Title IX, the Civil Rights Restoration Act, and gender equity on college sports. The Education Amendments passed by Congress in 1972 included a provision in its Title IX that “no person in the United States shall on the basis of sex be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.” However, many colleges and universities, whose athletic policies were dominated by male coaches and administrators, dithered on making significant commitments to expand female participation in intercollegiate athletics. In 1987, Congress proposed an act “to restore the broad scope of coverage and to clarify the application of Title IX.” The law, named the Civil Rights Restoration Act, which applied to Title IX and three other civil-rights statutes, would require that any organization or entity that receives federal funds, or indirectly benefits from federal assistance, must abide by laws outlawing discriminatory practices based upon race, religion, color, national origin, age, disability, or gender.
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Mix, Monica. Botulism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0064.
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Botulism, caused by exposure to the botulinum toxin, is characterized by a symmetric, flaccid, and descending paralysis. There are four naturally occurring forms of botulism—foodborne botulism, infant botulism, adult intestinal botulism, and wound botulism—and two forms that require intentional manipulation of the toxin by humans: inhalational and iatrogenic botulism. All six forms are rare. The treatment for botulism is botulinum antitoxin: an equine-derived formulation for adults and a human-source formulation for infants. Even more important than early antitoxin delivery is early diagnosis and excellent supportive care, typically in an intensive-care setting. Whereas botulism is the first biologic toxin licensed as a drug for the treatment of human diseases, botulism has also received a great deal of attention as a possible biological weapon and a tool of bioterrorism. Every case should be considered a public health emergency and should be reported to the state health department.
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Purandare, Amol, and Barbara A. Jantausch. Parvovirus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0012.
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Parvovirus B19 is a common infection in humans that occurs worldwide. Parvovirus B19 is transmitted through exposure to respiratory droplets, blood, and blood products, and through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in utero. Intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection is a rare occurrence during pregnancy but can result in significant morbidity and mortality for the fetus, including severe fetal anemia and nonimmune fetal hydrops (NIFH). Intrauterine transfusion can be successful in treating fetal anemia. Neurodevelopmental impairment has been reported in infants with congenital infection who have received intrauterine transfusion (IUT). Future research on the development of antiviral agents for the treatment of parvovirus B19 infection in pregnant women is needed, along with the development of a parvovirus B19 vaccine. Longitudinal studies to evaluate neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with a history of congenital parvovirus B19 infection are needed in order to facilitate the optimal evaluation and management of these infants.
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Levesque, Roger J. R. Empirical Assessments of the Implementation of Laws Addressing School Segregation and Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190633639.003.0005.
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This chapter analyzes research related to the necessity of remedial approaches as well as potential alternatives to addressing racial disparity and the segregation of schools. These constitute critical analyses due to the manner in which the US Supreme Court addresses group classifications relating to race. These analyses reveal scant empirical evidence that addresses the law’s direct needs. Notably, it is not clear that integration efforts that use racial classifications are necessary to address the ills described by the legal system. In addition, it is not clear that alternatives, such as using economic status to shape school districts, increase integration in ways that reduce the harms associated with discrimination. In the end, the conclusion is not that these approaches could not receive empirical support; rather, it is that researchers simply have not engaged in the type of research needed to address key legal claims.
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Agarwal, Rajiv, and Andrew S. Epstein. Expectations about Effects of Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Cancer (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0033.
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This chapter reviews the Weeks et al. secondary analysis of data from the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance (CanCORS) prospective cohort, evaluating the expectations of patients who receive chemotherapy for incurable metastatic lung or colorectal cancer. Patients’ understanding of the effectiveness of chemotherapy for providing cure, life extension, and symptom relief were measured. The researchers also investigated the clinical, sociodemographic, and health system factors that were associated with inaccurate expectations on the curative potential of chemotherapy. The study demonstrated that most patients with metastatic lung or colorectal cancer believed that chemotherapy was likely to cure their disease. Colorectal cancer, non-white race, nonintegrated health care networks, and high physician communication scores were independently associated with inaccurate expectations. These findings highlight that understanding the goals of chemotherapy is both important and necessary for patients with incurable cancers to make informed treatment decisions.
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Mundt, Christoph. Impact of Karl Jaspers’ General Psychopathology: the range of appraisal. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199609253.003.0004.
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Growing unease in the scientific community has stimulated reception of classical authors as Karl Jaspers. By drawing on existential philosophy Jaspers has given GP a depth which allows reflecting the methodological premises of psychopathology. Anthropologic phenomenology of Edmund Husserl was received with scepticism by Jaspers as was V. v. Weizsäcker’s psychosomatic medicine and Mitscherlich`s psychoanalysis. Jaspers refined mainstream psychopathology by understanding their nature and defining precise criteria. Delusion and psychotic symptoms are examples. The observation of patient`s and psychiatrist`s “vicarious self-representations” gained acceptance although low reliability was expected. Substantial critique on GP is rare. Some authors consider Jaspers’ work as replica of French psychiatrists. However, Jaspers’ work is unique in getting in touch philosophy and psychiatry. The comprehensiveness of the material is one merit of GP. Amazing that in times when psychopathological concepts are short lived a book published one hundred years ago still exerts influence. This steady interest may be an indication that GP touches upon the very roots of mental life.
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Harford Vargas, Jennifer. Plotting Justice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190642853.003.0005.
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This chapter explores how the novel can plot out fantasies of justice, using Héctor Tobar’s novel The Tattooed Soldier to demonstrate how the novel can challenge mass impunity in the Americas. The novel’s protagonist takes advantage of the chaos of the Rodney King uprisings in Los Angles to shoot and kill the Guatemalan military soldier who murdered his wife and son and who received counterinsurgency training at the United States’ School of the Americas. These diverse acts of rage against institutionalized impunity are comparatively illuminated in the novel via intersecting plot lines, rotating points of view, disruptive flashbacks, iterative events, and shifting geographies. The chapter further unpacks the political and formal valences of plot, arguing that the novel’s structure is at odds with the two main protagonists’ narrative desires. Though the novel’s revenge plot is resolved, the novel does not resolve the larger plot for justice; the chapter ends by considering alternative means of generating social transformation and attaining justice.
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Miller, Leta E. Triumphs and Tribulations. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038532.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter focuses on Kernis's music in the years 1995–2001. In 1995, the American Academy of Arts and Letters honored Kernis with a $7,500 prize to facilitate a recording. During the following five years, Kernis would continue down the “road of excess,” churning out new works at a prodigious rate. In the summer of 1995, Kernis appeared for the first time as one of the featured composers at the Cabrillo Music Festival in Santa Cruz, California—a two-week contemporary music extravaganza held annually since 1963. Commissions also added to Kernis's increasing renown—he received one in August 1995 from the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra for an arrangement of piano music, another in September from the Birmingham Bach Choir for a short choral work, and a third in October from the Chicago Symphony for a choral symphony. Meanwhile, Kernis was frantically working on the Double Concerto for Violin and Guitar, which continued to give him trouble.
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George, Theodore. The Responsibility to Understand. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467636.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Few topics have received broader attention within contemporary philosophy than that of responsibility. Current interest in such questions of responsibility draw on a broad range of approaches and methods, from those customarily associated with analytic philosophy to those associated with phenomenology and existentialism, deconstruction, critical theory, feminist theory, race theory, and post-colonial theory. Yet, despite the expanse of current interest, philosophers have not fully appreciated the contributions that can be made to questions of responsibility by contemporary hermeneutics. Based on an examination of issues in contemporary hermeneutics, The Responsibility to Understand makes a novel case for a distinctive experience of responsibility at stake in understanding and interpretation and argues for the significance of this hermeneutical responsibility in the context of our relations with things, animals, and others, as well as of political solidarity and the formation of political solidarities through the arts, literature, and translation. The Responsibility to Understand thus pushes current debate in hermeneutics and continental Ethics in groundbreaking new directions.
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Chandrasekar, Pranatharthi H., ed. Infections in the Immunosuppressed Patient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with a specific emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each case highlights the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients who receive immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.
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Rupali, Priscilla. Why Do I Have a Groin Lump? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.003.0052.
Full textAbstract:
These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlight the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients who receive immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.
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Alangaden, George J. Driveline Infection, Pocket Infection, or Endocarditis? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.003.0053.
Full textAbstract:
These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlight the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients who receive immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.
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Gonulalan, Murat. Delirium During Treatment for Pneumonia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.003.0054.
Full textAbstract:
These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlight the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients who receive immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.
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Alangaden, George J. Construction of a Bone Marrow Transplant Unit. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.003.0055.
Full textAbstract:
These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlight the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients who receive immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.
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Alangaden, George J. Clostridium difficile Keeps Coming Back. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.003.0056.
Full textAbstract:
These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlight the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients who receive immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.
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Bhargava, Ashish, and Pranatharthi H. Chandrasekar. Idiopathic CD4+ Lymphocytopenia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.003.0057.
Full textAbstract:
These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlight the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients who receive immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.
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Alhusseini, Maha, Deepak Garg, Marwan Al-Hajeili, and Pranatharthi H. Chandrasekar. Confused. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.003.0058.
Full textAbstract:
These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlight the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients who receive immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.
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Bhargava, Ashish, and Pranatharthi H. Chandrasekar. Infected Donor—What Do I Do? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.003.0059.
Full textAbstract:
These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlight the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients who receive immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.
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Alangaden, George J. Why Won’t My “Infection” Go Away? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.003.0105.
Full textAbstract:
These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlight the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients who receive immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.
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Alonso Rodríguez, José Luis. Juristic Papyrology and Roman Law. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.5.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter deals with the place of papyrology in Roman law studies. While Theodor Mommsen is often quoted as predicting that the twentieth century would be the century of papyrology, things look different today. The publication of papyri continues at a rate of several hundreds per year, with vast amounts waiting to be published. In addition to the large mass of papyri from Egypt, a non-negligible number of documents from the Near East have come to light. Many of these texts are private legal instruments and acts of the Roman administration, including documents arising from legal proceedings. Yet these documents rarely attract the attention of Roman law scholars. As a result, the legal questions posed by the new documents often receive insufficient attention. This chapter argues for a reconsideration of this view and for a renewed focus on papyri as a source for Roman law.
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Boros, Christina, K. Nistala, and L. R. Wedderburn. Juvenile myositis. Edited by Hector Chinoy and Robert Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754121.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) of childhood are rare serious disorders, of which the most common is juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). It is recognized increasingly that, even within JDM, there is significant heterogeneity. Recently defined biomarkers, such as the myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSA) have been valuable to define juvenile IIM subgroups and may provide novel methods of classification. Although randomized controlled trials in JDM are challenging, an increasing consensus-based body of evidence is being used to drive standardization of treatment and care, with new drugs for severe cases being increasingly tested. Significant differences between adults and children with dermatomyositis (DM) exist, and are reviewed in this chapter. These differences emphasize the importance of specialists in the area of transition of young people who have had JDM to receive their care from a team of health professionals with comprehensive knowledge of JDM, as well as transitional care issues.
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Gilchrist, Francis J., and Alex Horsley. Management of respiratory exacerbations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198702948.003.0005.
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Cystic fibrosis lung disease is characterized by chronic infection, inflammation and a progressive loss of lung function. Patients are also affected by recurrent episodes of increased respiratory symptoms, called exacerbations which have a detrimental effect on quality of life, the rate of lung function decline, and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment is vital. Diagnosis relies on a combination of symptoms, examination findings, the results of laboratory tests, and lung function. Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment but airway clearance, nutrition, and glucose homeostasis must also be optimized. Mild exacerbations are usually treated with oral antibiotics and more severe exacerbations with intravenous antibiotics. The choice of antibiotic is guided by the patient’s chronic pulmonary infections, the in-vitro antibiotic sensitivities, known antibiotic allergies, and the previous response to treatment. In patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, antibiotic monotherapy is thought to increase the risk of resistance and treatment with 2 antibiotics is therefore suggested (usually a β-lactam and an aminoglycoside). Although there is a lack of evidence on the duration of treatment, most patients receive around 14 days. This can be altered according to the time taken for symptoms and lung function to return to pre-exacerbation levels. If patients are carefully selected and receive appropriate monitoring, home intravenous antibiotics can be as effective as in-patient treatment. They are also associated with decreased disruption to patients / family life, decreased risk of cross infection and decreased costs.