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1
Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder, Abu Muhmmad Kamruzzaman, Marziat Rahman, and Md Nasir Ahmmed Patoary. "Status of air quality in Rajshahi metropolitan area, Bangladesh." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 18, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.1.0484.
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Rajshahi is well-known as a model city for clean air in Bangladesh but in recent time air pollution is increasing in metropolitan areas. This study aims to examine the concentration of Particulate Matters (PM₁, PM₂.₅, and PM₁₀) in the Rajshahi metropolitan area during March 2021, with a focus on distinct land use categories. The research was carried out in 40 different sites within the Rajshahi metropolitan area, utilizing a portable device for measuring air quality. It was found that the average concentrations of PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ were 56.41 and 72.63 µg/m³ respectively, which is 2.25 and 1.45-fold than World Health Organizations (WHO) Standards. According to this study, the three locations with the highest levels of PM₂.₅ pollution were the Mohanonda project gate (105.750 µg/m³), Textile Mill (79.750 µg/m³), and Sarkar Cold Storage (71.750 µg/m³). The concentration of PM₂.₅ in the most polluted location was found to be 1.63 times than the standard level set by Department of Environment (DoE) and 4.23 times higher than the WHO standard. Furthermore, it was calculated that the average PM₂.₅/PM₁₀ ratio was 77.70% and the average PM₁/PM₂.₅ ratio was 60.16%. It also revealed that temperature is negatively and humidity is positively correlated with PM₁, PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀, which means any change in the concentration of PM₁, PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ can cause a significant change in the percentage of humidity in the same direction, for humidity the change would be in opposite direction. The concentration of PM₂.₅ in ambient air with respect to land use decreases as follows: industrial area > village area > road intersection area > sensitive area > mixed area > commercial area > residential area.
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Al. Faria, Laila, Md Firoz Alam, and A. H. M. Mahbubur Rahman. "DIVERSITY OF HERBACEOUS SPECIES IN THE RAJSHAHI METROPOLITAN AREA OF BANGLADESH." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 553–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13576.
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Objectives: The present research aimed to document the diversity of herbaceous species in the study area. The study also recorded the status of occurrence and species diversity. Materials and Methods: The work is based on fresh materials collected during eighty-five visits to Rajshahi metropolitan area, Bangladesh from July 2018 to June 2021 to cover the seasonal variations. Plant parts with either flowers or fruits were collected using traditional herbarium techniques to make voucher specimens for documentation. Results: A total of 281 species belonging to 68 families and 246 genera were recorded. 10 Pteridophyta and 58 Angiosperm families are including 13 Liliopsida and 45 Magnoliopsida. Family Asteraceae was the most dominant in all families followed by Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Araceae, Brassicaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Polygonaceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae. 33 families were monophyletic and had one species and 1 genus each and 23 families are represented by 2 to 5 species each. Conclusion: Out of 281 species, the status of occurrence was recorded for proper conservation management and sustainable utilization of the taxa which show 210 to be common, 61 as rare, 10 are found as threatened species in the study area. The present study will help in identifying the herbaceous vascular taxa for further investigation.
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Laila Al Faria, Md. Firoz Alam, and AHM Mahbubur Rahman. "Medicinal herbs used by the local peoples in Rajshahi metropolitan area of Bangladesh." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 062–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.2.0220.
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The present research aims to record the traditional knowledge of herbaceous plants used by the local peoples in the Rajshahi metropolitan area of Bangladesh. The field surveys were conducted in July 2018 to June 2021. A total of 63 informants (38 male and 25 female) between 19 and 77 years of age were interviewed. A total of 115 species belonging to 94 genera and 40 families were recorded. In this research, ninety-one human diseases were recorded and treated with various plant species and modes of administration. The current investigation will be useful in identifying the medicinal herbaceous vascular species for future research and also beneficial to evolve the herbal medicines.
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Ahmed, EM, MR Amin, R. Basrin, and MSA Bhuiyan. "Phenotypic characterization and production potentials of exotic goat breeds and their crosses in Rajshahi metropolitan area of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 49, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v49i2.53218.
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This study was conducted to investigate the morphology, morphometry and production performances of exotic goat breeds and their crossbreds available at Boalia, Shahmokhdum, Rajpara and Matihar thana under Rajshahi metropolitan city. A total of 73 animals’ information was collected from 39 exotic goat flock owners using a semi-structured questionnaire through interviewing of farmers, visual observation and on-spot measurement of the animals. Exotic goat breeds and their crosses were found predominantly higher (>93%) in Rajshahi Metropolitan areas where less than 7% Black Bengal goats were identified. In most cases, deviation of breed specific coat color due to crossing between different types of crossbreds among the populations was noted. The genotype frequencies of Beetal, Kalahari, Sirohi, Jamunapari, Anglo Nubian and their crossbreds and Black Bengal goats were found to be 50.68, 15.07, 13.70, 8.22, 8.22 and 4.11%, respectively. The average mature live weight (12 to 18 months) of those corresponding exotic genotypes in male and female respectively were found 46.88±5.66, 56.07±8.03, 32.67±8.09, 59.54±7.96 and 64.06±4.67 kg, and 21.70±2.24, 22.41±3.64, 17.37±4.05, 24.5±0.5 and 27.47±6.85 kg. Irrespective of genotypes, the mean age at puberty, lactation length, litter size, kidding interval and days open were found 167.50±3.49 days, 76.61±4.90 days, 1.71±0.10, 224.44±5.56 days and 52.64 ± 2.30 days, respectively. However, none of the aforementioned traits differed significantly (P>0.05) among the five different exotic genotypes. In conclusion, this study provides some basic information on the performances of exotic goat breeds or their crossbreds at Metropolitan areas under intensive management conditions which could be utilized for designing proper breeding plan in their conservation and simultaneous improvement.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2020. 49 (2): 100-107
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Halim, Md Abdul, Md Mizanoor Rahman, and Md Zahidul Hassan. "Agricultural Land Conversion in the Sub-Urban Area: A Case Study of Rajshahi Metropolitan City." Journal of Life and Earth Science 8 (August 22, 2014): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20136.
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Bangladesh is a land scarce country where per capita cultivated land is only 12.5 decimals. It is claimed that every year about one percent of farm land in the country is being converted to non-agricultural uses. The study is based mainly on field survey covering 2 villages (Narikel Baria and Baze Silinda) from 10 sub-urban villages around Rajshahi City Corporation under Paba Upazila of Rajshahi district. The study area was selected purposively and the respondents of this research work were selected randomly. The major focus was on to mention the general land use pattern of the area, estimates the agricultural land conversion besides determining the causes and consequences affecting such conversion. Both Narikel Baria and Baze Silinda villages were selected as study area because of its relatively higher growth in infrastructure. In order to fulfill the goal of this study, primary and secondary data were collected from various sources and to analyze and process of collected data the SPSS, Excel and Arc GIS software were used. Different types of descriptive statistics were applied for representing the analyzed data. It is observed that the land conversion form agriculture to non-agriculture allied in recent time is more than the previous time due to gradually increasing land demand in housing and relevant services which invites adverse impact on agricultural land as well as its dependent population. So, it is necessary to take integrated land-use planning to offer better options for the fulfillment of land demand both of housing and agricultural sectors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20136 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 21-30, 2013
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Jahan, Begum Rudaba, Md Anwar Habib, and Nazimuddin Ahmed. "Analysis of Prescription Pattern Among Private Practitioners of Rajshahi Metropolitan City." KYAMC Journal 7, no. 1 (August 29, 2017): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v7i1.33761.
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Background: Now a days our country has improved remarkably in all sectors of health care facilities. But still patients compliance is poor. Though the private practitioners claim higher fees, their practice in writing prescription is controversial. Therefore the present study was designed to evaluate the traditional prescriptions done by registered medical practitioners with that of standard prescription models.Methodology: A cross sectional type of descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the prescribing pattern of the different category of private practitioners practicing within Rajshahi Metropolitan area from 1st November, 2014 to 1st April, 2015. The study was conducted by focusing on the practitioners' prescription layout or mechanics of prescription order writing and the prescribing indicator part of the WHO core drug use indicators. After completion of collection, all the data were coded as well as analyzed by SPSS version 17.Results: Data were collected from 300 patients, 3 patients from each practitioner. Within the superscription part, gender and weight of patients were mentioned only in 1% and 12% of the prescriptions, subscription or direction to the pharmacists was not present even in a single prescription. Follow up advices were found only in 30% of prescriptions and registration numbers of the physicians were mentioned only in 15% of the prescriptions. According to the prescribing indicator, the average number of drugs per encounter was 4.38 and 0% drugs were prescribed by generic name. 13.3% of encounters were with an injection prescribed, only 29.05% drugs were prescribed from EDL (Essential Drug List) of Bangladesh.Conclusion: Standard prescription prescribed by the practitioners was not satisfactory. So the private practitioners should be more aware about the writing of prescriptions in a proper way.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-1, Jul 2016, Page 691-696
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Faridatul, Mst Ilme. "Spatiotemporal Effects of Land Use and River Morphological Change on the Microclimate of Rajshahi Metropolitan Area." Journal of Geographic Information System 09, no. 04 (2017): 466–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2017.94029.
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Hossain, Mohammad Belayet, Md Selim Mahmud, Shubaghata Das, Md Abdul Alim, Amir Hossan Shaikat, and Md Abdul Hashem. "A study on incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in buffaloes from different slaughter houses of Chittagong Metropolitan Area." University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University 30 (May 22, 2012): 05–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10703.
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The study was conducted to investigate the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites of buffalo in different slaughter houses of Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. A total of 100 faecal samples were collected from three slaughter houses and studied by coproscopic examinations. Direct smear, sedimentation and floatation techniques along with egg micrometry were conducted to identify various parasitic eggs. Among 100 faecal samples 69% were positive for different individual parasitic infestation. Trematodes, nematodes, cestodes and protozoan infestations were 48%, 16%, 2% and 3%, respectively. Among the trematodes Schistosoma sp. (23%), Paramphistomum sp. (15%) and Fasciola sp. (10%) were found. Incidence of nematode infestations were Toxocara sp (4%), Oesophagostomum sp. (5%), Cooperia sp. (2%), Bunostomum sp. (3%) and 1% for both Trihostrongylus sp. and Strongyloides sp. Mixed infection were observed 7% of positive samples. Results indicate that the heavy worm burden in buffaloes causes severe economic loss to the farmers by reducing the overall productivity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10703 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 05-07
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Sultana, T., MF Rabbi, BR Sarker, MS Islam, MIA Begum, and KMM Hossain. "Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Patters of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Milk and Milk Product." Journal of Bio-Science 29, no. 2 (August 4, 2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v29i2.54957.
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Milk contains many nutrients including carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. Milk protein has high nutritional value because it contains all the essential amino acids. Considering the nutritive value, milk is widely consumed by the people as an ideal food. The biochemical changes in milk and milk products by microorganisms can be either desirable or undesirable. The safety of milk and milk products with respect to food borne diseases is of great concern around the world. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli in milk and milk product with their antibiogram assay. A total of 150 milk and milk product (yogurt) samples were collected from Rajshahi Metropolitan area of Bangladesh and analyzed by cultural, staining and biochemical tests for the isolation and identification of E. coli. Antibiogram assay of all the isolates were done by disk diffusion method. The overall prevalence of E. coli was 20.0% in milk and milk product (yogurt) in Rajshahi Metropolitan area. The prevalence of E. coli was 26.0% and 34.0% in raw milk and in milk product (yogurt), respectively. E. coli was not detected in pasteurized milk in this study. In antibiogram assay, isolated E. coli showed 100.0%, 60.0%, 40.0%, 40.0%, 33.3%, 33.3%, 20.0%, and 10.0% resistance to penicillin, gentamycin, ampicillin, streptomycin, amoxycillin, sulfamethoxasole-trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The isolates also showed 73.3%, 60.0%, 53.3%, 53.3%, 30.0%, 23.3%, and 20% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, sulfamethoxasole-trimethoprim, streptomycin, amoxycillin, ampicillin, and gentamycin, respectively. The findings of this experiment speculated that the use of ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid may have the preference in the clinical control of milk borne E. coli infection in Bangladesh. J. Bio-Sci. 29(2): 81-91, 2021 (December)
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Flowra, FA, JK Ghosh, AS Tumpa, and SN Jahan. "Assessment of three different parameters of urban ponds at Rajshahi, Bangladesh." Journal of Bio-Science 19 (December 19, 2012): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.13002.
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Context: Physico-chemical factors directly affect the water quality. Biological parameters varied from pond to pond according to the water quality. Objective: To assess the physico-chemical conditions and plankton abundance in the studied ponds. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out for a period of seven months from June, 2008 to December, 2008 in six ponds of Rajshahi Metropolitan area. Surface water samples were collected once a month at 10-11 am in black plastic bottle and analyzed for the estimation of different parameters. Water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), free carbon dioxide (CO2), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrite nitrogen (NO2N), nitrite (NO2), toxic ammonia, ammonium ion (NH4+) and total hardness were measured. The density of plankton was also estimated. Results: The mean values of water temperature varied from 28.73 ± 3.98 (Pond 6) to 29.56 ± 4.68°C (Pond 4) and the pH varied from 7.37 ± 0.26 (Pond 6) to 8.57±0.26 (Pond 4). The DO varied 1.66 ± 1.03 (Pond 1) to 4.68 ± 0.36 mg/l (Pond 6) and the mean value of free CO2 varied from 4.29 ± 0.37 (Pond 5) to 50.91 ±19.30 mg/l (Pond 3). The total hardness was 136.79 ± 20.28 (Pond 6) to 183.14 ± 51.17 mg/l (Pond 3) with NO2varied from 0.003 ± 0.002 (Pond 5) to 2.08 ± 0.59 mg/l (Pond 4). The mean total phytoplankton was 28761.43 ± 2912.62 (Pond 2) to 63629.29 ± 20214.44 cells/l (Pond 4) and the mean total zooplankton was 13314.24 ± 3189.70 cells/l (Pond 5) to 18820.00 ± 932.51 cells/l (Pond 4). Conclusion: The deterioration in the physico-chemical quality and plankton population observed in this study is alarming, and periodic monitoring and preventative measures are required to save the aquatic system from eutrophication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.13002 J. bio-sci. 19 59-63, 2011
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Sarker, Md Omar Faruk. "Telecom Industry Brand Image and the Extended Service Marketing Ps: A Study on Private University Students of Rajshahi." American Journal of Trade and Policy 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v6i3.445.
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Marketing always looks forward to making consumers delighted. Mobile telecom service provided a pace in daily life in Bangladesh. It plays a vital role in all the dimensions of our life. The prime objective of the study is to measure the influence of people, process, and physical evidence on brand image in the mobile telecom industry at Rajshahi metropolitan area in Bangladesh. One hundred fifty samples drawn from the students of two private universities using a convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire used for the survey. The findings of this study represent that all the null hypotheses rejected; there is a significant relationship between three extended service marketing and brand image in the mobile telecom industry. The researcher believes that this study would help strategy planners of mobile telecom service operators in Bangladesh to study people, process, and physical evidence with keen interest to blend service marketing mix and create and increase brand image as well as open more research relating to this ground. This finding may help different mobile telecom operators in Bangladesh to improve their focus regarding the efficient use of service marketing mix.
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Ansari, MMH. "Perception and practice of waling exercise in morning walkers." KYAMC Journal 2, no. 2 (January 9, 2013): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v2i2.13264.
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Walking is the mostly preferred form of exercise for all ages. Brisk walking [5-6 kilometer per hour] for 30-60 minutes is an ideal one for a healthy person. A lot of people in urban Bangladesh do morning walk for cheering good health. This descriptive study was carried out among 208 morning walkers in Rajshahi Metropolitan area, selected purposively and was interviewed with a pre-tested close ended questionnaire for appraisal of their knowledge and practice of morning walking. The mean age of the respondents was 45.78 ± 13.01 years and majority of them (54.33%) had health problems including diabetes (35.58%). Almost all (92.30%) preferred walking in the morning. Majority respondents (64.42%) walked every day in the week and 64.90% spent one hour daily for it. Among the respondents, majority (60.58 %) had knowledge of one hour daily walking and 55.77% knew that daily walking coverage for two kilometers was the ideal. Only 3.63% of the morning walkers were found walked briskly and were scientifically correct in their practice. Most of the respondents with health problems had consulted with physicians but did not get proper guideline for walking. Physicians should advice their patients with detail about walking considering the age and the disease if they think it necessary. Health education program for acceptance of walking with correct information should be initiated and broadcast in mass media for general people.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v2i2.13264KYAMC Journal Vol.2(2) January 2012, 193-197
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Rahman, Md Mizanoor, Khan Shahidul Huque, Nani Gopal Das, and Md Yousuf Ali Khan. "Comparative market supply of protein from livestock and fish in the selected urban areas of Rajshahi district in Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v4i1.32403.
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The study was conducted with the objectives to determine the market availability of animal sourced foods (ASF) and fish, and their share in the supply of biomass and protein through visiting the wet markets of metropolitan and municipality areas of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. A preset questionnaire was used for recording the biomass weight of different ASF and fish in every four days interval in March, 2016. It was found that the supply of ASF (beef, chevon, chicken and egg) and fish in the metropolitan markets (80.20 and 35.89 t/d, respectively) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than any municipality wet market in the district (7.66 and 3.03 t/d, respectively). The market supply of biomass and its protein value of ASF were 3.64 and 4.33 times higher than fish. The chicken shared the highest amount of protein (28.19 %) followed by fish (26.8%), beef (26.21%), eggs (11.46%) and chevon (7.34%) during the study period. However, this initial work does not include milk, and the wet market of ASF and fish may have seasonal variations which needs to be explored through further research. In addition to them, socioeconomic status of consumers and regional variations are important which needs to be studied for addressing resource base safe food production help the strategic reduction of food insecurity in the country by 2030.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.4(1): 29-36, April 2017
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KHANOM, FARHANA, and A. H. M. MAHBUBUR RAHMAN. "ASSESSMENT OF ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA AT RAJSHAHI METROPOLITAN AREA OF BANGLADESH." Innovare Journal of Life Sciences, June 19, 2023, 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijls.2023.v11i1.48407.
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Objectives: The study aimed to document the angiospermic flora at Rajshahi metropolitan area of Bangladesh. The study also examined the species diversity in the study area. Methods: The research work is based on fresh materials collected during 33 field visits at Rajshahi metropolitan area of Bangladesh was carried out from February 2016 to March 2017 to cover the seasonal variations. Plant parts with either flower or fruits collected using traditional herbarium techniques to make voucher specimens for documentation. Results: The results show that a total of 494 species belonging to 455 genera and 106 families were recorded. Of these, Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledones) is represented by 413 species under 390 genera and 84 families while Liliopsida (Monocotyledones) is represented by 81 species under 65 genera and 22 families. For each species scientific name, local name, family name, habit, relative occurrence, and flowering time were recorded. The present study will help in identifying the major angiospermic plant species for further investigation. Conclusion: The present research focused on the angiospermic flora growing throughout the Rajshahi metropolitan area of Bangladesh. A total of 494 angiospermic plant species were recorded.
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Akta, A., R. Khatun, MN Khatun, R. Parvin, N. Khatun, SMA Rauf, and HM Golbar. "Investigation of Lesions In Goat Brain Collected From Abattoirs in Rajshahi Metropolitan Area." Journal of Bio-Science, July 11, 2021, 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v29i0.54821.
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Brain lesions are important cause of morbidity and reduced productivity in goats worldwide. Works on brain lesion in goats are extremely rare in Bangladesh and remain to be investigated. We investigated lesions in goat brains collected from abattoirs in Rajshahi Metropolitan area by gross and microscopic examination. Randomly selected 57 goat brains were investigated of which 24.56% brains showed gross and histopathologic lesions. Prevalence of brain lesions were higher in Jamnapari goats (29.41%) compared to in Black Bengal goats (22.50%) and female goats (26.47%) were more affected than male goats (21.74%). Age-wise prevalence were 31.25%, 21.43%, 12.50%, and 40.00% in the age of up to 2 years, 2-3 years, 3-4 years, and above 4 years old goats, respectively. Goats were more affected in the rainy (35.29%) season in contrast to in the winter (23.53%) and in the summer (10.52%) seasons. The brains collected from goats with Gid disease showed uni or multilocular cysts containing clear fluid and multiple scolices, the rest of the brains were apparently healthy by macroscopic examination. Histopathologically, pyogranuloma, perivascular cuffing, gliosis, neuronal degeneration, hemorrhages, congestion and thrombus were evident. J. Bio-Sci. 29(1): 49-58, 2021 (June)