Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rainwater tank

Academic literature on the topic 'Rainwater tank'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rainwater tank"

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Kim, Mikyeong, Gippeum Bak, and Mooyoung Han. "Comparing the microbial characteristics of rainwater in two operating rainwater tanks with different surface-to-volume ratios." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.626.

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In this study, the microbial characteristics of rainwater in two tanks with different surface-to-volume ratios were investigated and compared to determine how the internal design features of storage tanks affect water quality. The particle and nutrient parameters of the rainwater, including turbidity, suspended solids, total organic carbon, and total phosphate, were lower in Tank 2, which had a surface-to-volume ratio 7.5 times greater than that of Tank 1. In addition, although the rainwater was collected from the same catchment area, the water in Tank 1 had greater numbers of bacteria, and the bacterial communities in the water differed between the two storage tanks. It appears that the differences in the inside surface structures of the rainwater tanks affected the microbial ecosystems. Increasing the surface-to-volume ratio in rainwater tanks may affect rainwater quality, because this extends the area for biofilm development. Further study of the role of biofilm in rainwater tank is required precisely, and its function needs to be considered in the design and management of rainwater tanks.
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Tapsuwan, Sorada, Stephen Cook, and Magnus Moglia. "Willingness to Pay for Rainwater Tank Features: A Post-Drought Analysis of Sydney Water Users." Water 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091199.

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The Millennium Drought across Australia during the 2000s placed cities under pressure in providing urban water security. In Sydney, Australia’s largest city, a comprehensive water demand programme triggered a significant reduction in per capita water consumption. The water demand programme included incentives for the installation of rainwater tanks. This paper explores the willingness to pay (WTP) for rainwater tank features in the post-drought context. Rainwater tanks have been demonstrated as an effective measure to reduce mains water demand, but they also provide broader environmental and economic benefits, such as the reduction of urban runoff to waterways and deferred capital investment in augmenting capacity of water supply system. Therefore, there is the need to better understand WTP for rainwater tank features across the community. An online survey was administered to a sample of Sydney households, with 127 respondents completing a rainwater tank choice experiment that explored their WTP for different rainwater tank features and the socio-psychological constructs that might influence their tendency to adopt rainwater tanks. The results demonstrated that householders surveyed valued slimline rainwater tanks, as they are likely to be less obstructive, particularly given the trend for smaller lot sizes and increased building size. Householders also placed greater value on connecting the rainwater tank to outdoor demands, which may be influenced by perceived vulnerability of outdoor uses to water restrictions relative to indoor uses. The survey analysis also identified that the householders most receptive to installing a rainwater tank are likely to be conformists, who compare themselves to peers, and spend significant effort when making decisions, and are already taking actions to conserve water. The findings are of significance when targeting future education programmes and designing financial incentives to encourage rainwater tank adoption.
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Han, M. Y., and J. S. Mun. "Particle behaviour consideration to maximize the settling capacity of rainwater storage tanks." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 11 (December 1, 2007): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.778.

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Design of a rainwater storage tank is mostly based on the mass balance of rainwater with respect to the tank, considering aspects such as rainfall runoff, water usage and overflow. So far, however, little information is available on the quality aspects of the stored rainwater, such as the behavior of particles, the effect of retention time of the water in the tank and possible influences of system configuration on water quality in the storage tank. In this study, we showed that the performance of rainwater storage tanks could be maximized by recognizing the importance of water quality improvement by sedimentation and the importance of the system configuration within the tank, as well as the efficient collection of runoff. The efficiency of removal of the particles was increased by there being a considerable distance between the inlet and the outlet in the rainwater storage tank. Furthermore, it is recommended that the effective water depth in a rainwater tank be designed to be more than 3 m and that the rainwater be drawn from as close to the water surface as possible by using a floating suction device. An operation method that increases the retention time by stopping rainwater supply when the turbidity of rainwater runoff is high will ensure low turbidity in the rainwater collected from the tank.
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Sharma, Ashok, and Ted Gardner. "Comprehensive Assessment Methodology for Urban Residential Rainwater Tank Implementation." Water 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020315.

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Rainwater tanks are increasingly being implemented as part of the integrated urban water management paradigm where all sources of water, including potable, stormwater and recycled, are considered eligible to contribute to the urban water supply. Over the last decade or so, there has been a rapid uptake of rainwater tank systems in urban areas, especially in Australian cities, encouraged through financial incentives, but more importantly, from change in residential building codes effectively mandating the installation of rainwater tanks. Homes with rainwater tanks in Australian cities have increased from 15% to 28% over six years to 2013. These building codes specify certain rainwater tank specifications to achieve a stated rainwater use, and hence potable water savings. These specifications include minimum rainwater tank size, minimum connected roof area, plumbing for internal supply for toilets and washing machines, and external supply for garden watering. These expected potable water savings from households are often factored into regional strategic water planning objectives. Hence if rainwater tanks do not deliver the expected saving due to sub-standard installation and/or poor maintenance, it will have an adverse impact on the regional water plan in the longer term. In this paper, a methodology to assess the effectiveness of a government rainwater tank policy in achieving predicted potable water savings is described and illustrated with a case study from South East Queensland, Australia. It is anticipated that water professionals across the globe should be able to use the same methodology to assess the effectiveness of similar rainwater policies, or indeed any other distributed water saving policy, in their local planning communities.
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Byard, Roger W. "Rainwater tank drowning." Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 15, no. 8 (November 2008): 533–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2008.05.003.

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Bos, Darren G. "Private assets for public benefit: the challenge of long-term management of domestic rainwater tanks." Blue-Green Systems 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2021.003.

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Abstract This study explored the relationship private landowners have with their domestic rainwater tank and how that relationship influences the reliability of privately operated rainwater tanks for long-term performance and delivery of service. It found that tank owners generally placed a high value on their tank, desired to have them fully operational and made a reasonable effort to keep them functioning. However, the frequency and extent of maintenance action and effort was variable, and in the context of a private residence, rainwater tanks were typically afforded a low relative priority for repair when compared with other residential assets. This low relative priority could be a primary driver for the reported delay between when a fault occurs with the tank and when it is repaired. This ‘repair lag’ means that a portion of domestic rainwater tanks are likely to be non-operational at any one time. When planning a decentralised system for the management of stormwater, redundancies should be included to cover these gaps in service delivery. It is also recommended that programmes that support private landowners to maintain their rainwater tanks are implemented to minimise repair lag.
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Rodrigo, S., M. Sinclair, and K. Leder. "A survey of the characteristics and maintenance of rainwater tanks in urban areas of South Australia." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 6 (March 1, 2010): 1569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.055.

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Households resident in metropolitan Adelaide and surrounding areas in South Australia were recruited into a randomised controlled trial. A total of 630 rainwater tanks with a total tank capacity of 14.5 ML were installed at the 325 households surveyed. The majority of the tanks were plumbed into the kitchen (64.6%), over 10 years in age (45.5%), over 15,000 L in capacity (42.5%) and composed of galvanised steel (36.9%). Over 90% of the households undertook one or more prevention and maintenance strategies for reducing contamination of collected rainwater. The use of first flush diverters was reported by 30.8% households, the presence of leaf control devices on the tank by 57.2%, and the presence of leaf control screens on gutters by 25.5% households. Most households reported that the rainwater tank was cleaned at some time, with 50.4% of these households stating that tank cleaning occurred 1 to 5 years previously, and 31.9% more than 5 years prior to enrolment Rainwater from the main drinking tank was sampled from a subset of households for turbidity and metals (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Pb, Zn). This information regarding tank characteristics and degree of adherence to recommended maintenance procedures may assist understanding of variability in rainwater quality data and may help determine whether untreated rainwater can be considered a safe water supply for household purposes including drinking.
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Coombes, P. J., and M. E. Barry. "The effect of selection of time steps and average assumptions on the continuous simulation of rainwater harvesting strategies." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.102.

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The use of domestic rainwater tanks with back up from mains water supplies in urban areas can produce considerable reductions in mains water demands and stormwater runoff. It is commonplace to analyse the performance of rainwater tanks using continuous simulation with daily time steps and average water use assumptions. This paper compares this simplistic analysis to more detailed analysis that employs 6 minute time steps and climate dependent water demand. The use of daily time steps produced considerable under-estimation of annual rainwater yields that were dependent on tank size, rain depth, seasonal distribution of rainfall, water demand and tank configuration. It is shown that analysis of the performance of rainwater tanks is critically dependent on detailed inputs.
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Lawrence, Dustin, and Vicente L. Lopes. "RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF URBAN RAINWATER HARVESTING." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.124-134.

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The purpose of this study was to inform decision makers at state and local levels, as well as property owners about the amount of water that can be supplied by rainwater harvesting systems in Texas so that it may be included in any future planning. Reliability of a rainwater tank is important because people want to know that a source of water can be depended on. Performance analyses were conducted on rainwater harvesting tanks for three Texas cities under different rainfall conditions and multiple scenarios to demonstrate the importance of optimizing rainwater tank design. Reliability curves were produced and reflect the percentage of days in a year that water can be supplied by a tank. Operational thresholds were reached in all scenarios and mark the point at which reliability increases by only 2% or less with an increase in tank size. A payback period analysis was conducted on tank sizes to estimate the amount of time it would take to recoup the cost of installing a rainwater harvesting system.
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Lawrence, Dustin, and Vicente L. Lopes. "RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF URBAN RAINWATER HARVESTING." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.124134.

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The purpose of this study was to inform decision makers at state and local levels, as well as property owners about the amount of water that can be supplied by rainwater harvesting systems in Texas so that it may be included in any future planning. Reliability of a rainwater tank is important because people want to know that a source of water can be depended on. Performance analyses were conducted on rainwater harvesting tanks for three Texas cities under different rainfall conditions and multiple scenarios to demonstrate the importance of optimizing rainwater tank design. Reliability curves were produced and reflect the percentage of days in a year that water can be supplied by a tank. Operational thresholds were reached in all scenarios and mark the point at which reliability increases by only 2% or less with an increase in tank size. A payback period analysis was conducted on tank sizes to estimate the amount of time it would take to recoup the cost of installing a rainwater harvesting system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rainwater tank"

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Khastagir, Anirban, and anirban khastagir@rmit edu au. "Optimal use of rainwater tanks to minimize residential water consumption." RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081203.143250.

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Melbourne, the capital of Victoria Australia leads the world in having the highest quality drinking water. The Victorian State Government has set targets for reducing per capita water consumption by 15%, 25% and 30% by 2010, 2015 and 2020 respectively and has announced stringent water restrictions to curtail water demand. In this resource constraint environment it is opportune to look for alternative sources of water to supplement Melbourne's traditional water supply. In Melbourne, legislation has been changed to make it possible to use rainwater harvested from domestic tanks for non potable purposes. The annual rainfall in Melbourne's metropolitan area varies from 450mm in the West to 850mm in the East to over 1000mm in the North East mountain ranges. The objectives of the current study are to develop a methodology to estimate the optimal size of the rainwater tank at a particular location considering the local rainfall, roof area, demand for water and the reliability of supply (supply security) required; to quantify the rainwater volume that could be harvested at site using domestic rainwater tanks to minimise pressure on the potable water supply secured from traditional catchment sources until the desalination plant is commissioned in 2013; to analyse the efficacy of rainwater tanks to reduce the stormwater runoff and improve the quality of the stormwater that will otherwise flow into urban drains and to estimate the cost effectiveness ratio and payback period of inst alling rainwater tanks. A simple water balance model was developed to calculate the tank size based on daily rainfall, roof area and the expected demand. The concept of 'reliability' was introduced to measure supply security. Rainfall data from 20 rainfall stations scattered around Melbourne were used to determine the variation in the rainwater tank size dependent on the above stated parameters. It was observed that to achieve the same supply reliability (90%) and to meet a specific demand (toilet and garden use), the tank size required in the western side of Melbourne is as high as 7 times as that required in the north-east side. As a result, the
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Semaan, Marie. "A Novel Approach to Communal Rainwater Harvesting for Single-Family Housing: A Study of Tank Size, Reliability, and Costs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97580.

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An emerging field in rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the application of communal rainwater harvesting system. This system's main advantage compared to individual RWH is the centralization of water treatment, which some users of individual RWH find difficult to maintain. Despite alleviating one concern, this communal approach does not increase the RHW system's (RWHS) reliability nor necessarily satisfy all water demands, and hence is not a major improvement in terms of system performance. This research tackles this challenge with a novel approach to communal RWH for single-family houses. Instead of the traditional communal approach to RWH which uses only one storage location, we propose connecting multiple single-family homes' RWHSs to a communal backup tank, i.e., capturing overflow from multiple RWHS, which will increase reliability and water demand met in a way that will significantly improve the current performance of communal RWH. The proposed system will potentially maximize the availability of potable water while limiting spillage and overflow. We simulated the performance of the system in two cities, Houston and Jacksonville, for multiple private and communal storage combination. Results show that volumetric reliability gains, of 1.5% - 6% and 1.5% - 4%, can be achieved for seven to ten and six to seven connected households, respectively, for Houston and Jacksonville if the emphasis is on volumetric reliability (VR). As per total storage capacity, the system achieves higher VR gains for lower total storage capacity in Houston while the system achieves higher VR gains for higher total storage capacities in Jacksonville. With regards to the total cost of ownership per household for the individual system and for the communal storage system, the lifecycle cost of the system was performed using the Net Present Value (NPV) method, with an interest rate of 7% over 30 years. The NPV of the total system costs per household in the city of Houston is lowest for nine to ten connected households, as well as comparable to the base case of a rainwater harvesting system that is not connected to a communal tank for seven and eight connected households. This communal system is more resilient and can be a worthy addition to water and stormwater infrastructures, especially in the face of climate change.
Doctor of Philosophy
An emerging field in rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the application of communal rainwater harvesting system. This system's main advantage compared to individual RWH is the centralization of water treatment, which some users of individual RWH find difficult to maintain. Despite alleviating one concern, this communal approach does not increase the RHW system's (RWHS) reliability nor necessarily satisfy all water demands, and hence is not a major improvement in terms of system performance. This research tackles this challenge with a novel approach to communal RWH for single-family houses. Instead of the traditional communal approach to RWH which uses only one storage location, we propose connecting multiple single-family homes' RWHSs to a communal backup tank, i.e., capturing overflow from multiple RWHS, which will increase reliability and water demand met in a way that will significantly improve the current performance of communal RWH. The proposed system will potentially maximize the availability of potable water while limiting spillage and overflow. We simulated the performance of the system in two cities, Houston and Jacksonville, for multiple private and communal storage combination. Results show that volumetric reliability gains, of 1.5% - 6% and 1.5% - 4%, can be achieved for seven to ten and six to seven connected households, respectively, for Houston and Jacksonville if the emphasis is on volumetric reliability (VR). As per total storage capacity, the system achieves higher VR gains for lower total storage capacity in Houston while the system achieves higher VR gains for higher total storage capacities in Jacksonville. With regards to the total cost of ownership per household for the individual system and for the communal storage system, the lifecycle cost of the system was performed using the Net Present Value (NPV) method, with an interest rate of 7% over 30 years. The NPV of the total system costs per household in the city of Houston is lowest for nine to ten connected households, as well as comparable to the base case of a rainwater harvesting system that is not connected to a communal tank for seven and eight connected households. This communal system is more resilient and can be a worthy addition to water and stormwater infrastructures, especially in the face of climate change.
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Rodriguez, Henry. "A Comparison of Rainwater Harvesting Tank Sizing Methods: Optimizing to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions versus Maximizing System Reliability." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo151577155419202.

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O, Brien Olivia. "Domestic water demand for consumers with rainwater harvesting systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86514.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus of the study is to theoretically assess tank-water demand and employ methods to establish the actual tank-water demand at selected houses in a case study area. This study also examines the influence of domestic rainwater harvesting systems when used in combination with a municipal water distribution system. The case study comprises of 410 low cost housing units in the Western Cape. The system demand patterns of low cost housing units are uncharacteristic, when compared with suburban system demand patterns, and cannot be defined by traditional models. Similarly, the use of rainwater harvesting systems in these areas follows an unconventional routine that is yet to be defined. A stochastic end-use model for water demand is developed which produces temporal profiles for water supplied from both sources, namely the water distribution system and the rainwater harvesting system. The model approximates a daily system and tank-water demand pattern for a single domestic household, using @RISK software. The demand estimation methodology is clarified through application on a particular case study site where harvested rainwater is frequently utilized. Estimates of the parameter values are based on consumer surveys and previous studies on the case study area, where the household size was defined in the form of a probability distribution. The results confirm the atypical system demand patterns in low cost housing units units. Although two clear peaks exist in the morning and in the evening, a relatively constant average flow is present throughout the day. A sensitivity analysis of all the model parameters verified that the household size has the most substantial influence on the tank-water demand pattern. The system and tank-water demand patterns were compared to published average daily water demand guidelines, which confirmed that increased water savings could be achieved when the rainwater source is accessible inside the household with minimal effort. The stochastic demand profiles derived as part of this research agree with the metered system demand in the same area. The results of this study could be incorporated into the future development of national standards.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van die studie is om die tenkwater-aanvraag teoreties te ontleed en metodes in werking te stel om die werklike tenkwater-aanvraag vas te stel by geselekteerde huise in ‘n gevallestudie area. Hierdie studie ondersoek ook die invloed van plaaslike reënwater-herwinningstelsels wanneer dit gebruik word in kombinasie met ‘n munisipale waterverspreidingstelsel. Die gevallestudie bestaan uit 410 laekoste behuisingseenhede in die Wes-Kaap. Die stelsel-aanvraagpatrone van laekoste behuisingseenhede is verskillend wanneer dit met voorstedelike stelsel-aanvraagpatrone vergelyk word en kan nie gedefinieer word deur tradisionele modelle nie. Soortgelyk volg die gebruik van reënwater-herwinningstelsels in hierdie areas ‘n onkonvensionele roetine. ‘n Stogastiese eindgebruikmodel vir water-aanvraag is ontwikkel, wat tydelike profiele genereer vir water wat van beide bronne verskaf word, naamlik die waterverspreidingstelsel en die reënwater-herwinningstelsel. Die model bepaal by benadering ‘n daaglikse stelsel- en tenkwater-aanvraagpatroon vir ‘n enkele plaaslike huishouding, deur @RISK sagteware. Die aanvraag-beramingstegnieke word verduidelik deur toepassing op ‘n spesifieke gevallestudie, waar herwinde reënwater gereeld gebruik word. Die parameter waardeberamings is gebaseer op verbruikers-opnames en vorige studies oor die gevallestudie-gebied, waar die grootte van die huishoudings bepaal was in die vorm van 'n waarskynlikheidsverspreiding. Die resultate bevestig die atipiese stesel aanvraagpatrone in laekoste behuisingseenhede eenhede. Alhoewel twee duidelike pieke in die oggend en die aand voorkom, is ‘n relatiewe konstante vloei dwarsdeur die dag teenwoordig. ‘n Sensitiwiteitsanalise van al die modelparameters bevestig dat die grootte van die huishouding die grootste beduidende invloed op tenkwater- aanvraagpatrone het. Die stelsel- en tenkwater-aanvraagpatrone was vergelyk met gepubliseerde gemiddelde daaglikse water-aanvraag riglyne wat bevestig dat meer waterbesparings bereik kan word waar die reënwaterbron binne die huishouding beskikbaar is met minimale moeite. Die stogastiese aanvraagprofiele, wat as deel van hierdie navorsing afgelei was, stem saam met die gemeterde stelsel-aanvraagpatroon van dieselfde area. Die resultate van hierdie studie kan in die toekomstige ontwikkeling van nasionale standaarde opgeneem word.
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Honzírek, Stanislav. "Zdravotně technické instalace v bytovém domě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240162.

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This diploma thesis deals with sanitation installations in residential building in Brno. The theoretical part is devoted to the analysis of the topic with emphasis on Individual ways of preparation hot water in residential buildings. Technical part then solves the sanitation instalations of this building in the selected variation. Calculation part contains design and proportions of sewerage and rainwater system, internal water installations and their connection to present technical networks. I tis a multi-story building with two underground floors used for parking and five floors designed for housing. Project was done according to current Czech and Europe standarts and regulations.
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Boček, Milan. "Zdravotně technické a plynovodní instalace v supermarketu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371833.

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This master’s thesis deals with the overall sanitary and gas pipeline installation in a supermarket. The theoretical part deals with equipment and requirements for large kitchens with regard to the food preparation in this building. The computing and design part deals with the sewerage, water supply and gas distribution in the supermarket. The property counts over six thousand square meters and is partly two-storeyed. There are also several smaller sales units in addition to the sales areas, facility for staff and warehouses. The diploma thesis is based on current Czech and European regulations.
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Kolam, Joel, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "Microbial and physico-chemical assessment of on-site water supply systems." THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Kolam_J.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/544.

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The utilisation of rainwater tanks and bore wells are very common in many parts of rural Australia and Papua New Guinea. In Australia, on-site collection and storage of potable water for domestic use is carried out by approximately 30.4 percent of the rural population while 90% of the population in Papua New Guinea access water from on-site collection and storage of potable water. Few studies have monitored the quality of such water supplies on a seasonal and event associated basis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and physio-chemical properties of the on-site domestic water supply systems and various factors that may influence characteristics of the water. It aimed to evaluate the relationship of microbiological and physio-chemical characteristics in the water supply systems. 14 rainwater tanks, 4 bore well and 10 reticulated water supply sites in Hawkesbury District, NSW Australia were investigated. Characteristics of the sites physical situation and natural environmental condition were considered to be similar to on-site water supply situations in Papua New Guinea. The results and techniques of the study will be used as a model in Papua New Guinea in the assessment of water quality issues. As the study showed that the quality of water in rainwater tanks was below WHO guideline recommendations on numerous instances, it was proposed that water treatment and maintaining the cleanliness of roof catchments, gutters and tanks should be addressed for domestic use systems. A protocol for sampling, assessment and data interpretation of faecal indicator bacteria populations in domestic catchment supply systems was developed and demonstrated
Master of Science (Hons)
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Murduca, James V. "Assessment of Drinking Water Quality Management and a Treatment Feasibility Study for Brick by Brick Water Storage Tanks in Rakai Uganda." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7200.

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Reliable access to safe drinking water is one necessity for humans to live without concern for major health risks. The overall goal of this research is to improve the public health, through improved drinking water, for communities in the Rakai District in Uganda, directly, and other communities in the world, indirectly, via dissemination of knowledge. This study specifically assessed the knowledge of drinking water quality in regards to public health, their sanitation measures, and water treatment methods for users of Brick by Brick rainwater harvesting tanks in the Rakai District (N = 28) by using a knowledge, attitudes, and practice survey and a sanitary inspection; tested the water quality of the Brick by Brick rainwater harvesting tanks (N = 33) in the Rakai District for physical, chemical, and microbial parameters; and piloted a sustainable treatment technology called the chulli system that uses excess heat from a cookstove to treat water. Twenty of the participants identified contaminated water as a cause of diarrheal disease (N = 28). Participants perceived boiling (1), chlorine (2), and filtering (3) as the best three methods of treating water. The average score for the sanitary inspection was 2.27±2.31, which falls between the low and medium expected risk score categories. Fourteen of the thirty-three samples showed detectable levels of colony forming units for coliforms, and two of the thirty-three samples showed detectable levels of colony forming units for E. coli. A demonstration chulli system was constructed for St. Andrew’s Primary School in Rakai District and operated successfully. The research supports that the chulli system along with proper sanitation measures identified in the sanitary inspections can be a sustainable option for users of Brick by Brick rainwater harvesting tanks in the Rakai District.
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Kouřilová, Vendula. "Novostavba vinařského domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227610.

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The subject of this master thesis is a design of wine house which comes together with restaurant and accommodation in Strazovice near Kyjov. It includes design study and all the detailed drawings of the building. The building is designed with three services - winery, restaurant and accommodation. Winery is divided into separate rooms for wine processing, finishing and wine aging, also storage, distribution and sale of wine. Canteen service includes kitchen with accessories, restaurant with dining, separated lounge, vaulted cellar and room for degustation. Lounge, cellar and degustation room is primary determined for different corporate events, conferences, weddings, family events and others. For building were chosen descending lands at the edge of Strazovice.. The main reason for this decision is the view that this place provides because of its higher position. Also this village is a part of region, for which wine production is typical. The shape of the object is rectangular and consists of three floors. Two upper floors are receding with comparison to the first floor. This formed a part of terrace which is connected with the oval part on pillars. Basement is situated completely below ground, only the south side is partly uncovered. Construction is made of reinforced concrete. Ground floors are with ventilated frontage. Frontage of the first floor is covered with wooden cladding, and frontage of the second floor is covered with plaster. Vertical constructions are made of lime-sand blocks and horizontal constructions are reinforced concrete. The roof is built of wooden trusses with arched upper part. On the roof there are installed photovoltaic panels for electricity which is used in the building. Rainwater is held in tank, servers as a water supply for the building. Wastewater is depurated in small sewage plant which is further conducted into the building. Other wastewater is captured in the sump. Projection of the winery emphasis, inter alia, on static and
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Allen, Jacqueline Elsa. "Tank sizing from rainfall records for rainwater harvesting under constant demand." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8319.

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M.Ing. (Civil Engineering Science)
In recent years, there has been an international trend towards installing rainwater tanks in an attempt to save water. However, there are no clear guidelines for determining the optimal size of such a tank in South Africa. This study investigates the possibility of simplifying the process of sizing a rainwater tank for optimal results. It utilises daily data from four rainfall stations, namely Kimberley, Mossel Bay, Punda Maria and Rustenburg, obtained from the South African Weather Services. The water use is considered to be for indoor purposes only, therefore assuming a constant daily demand to be extracted from the tank. The required size of a rainwater tank is influenced by the MAP, the area of the roof draining into the tank, the water demand (both the average demand and seasonal variations), the desired reliability of supply, and the rainfall patterns. The first step in simplifying the process is to consolidate the above variables. The tank volume is expressed as the number of days it could supply the average daily water demand. Another variable is created which provides the ratio of the total water volume which could theoretically be harvested from the roof in an average year, to the total water demand, from the tank, for a year. This has the effect of consolidating the MAP, the roof area, the water demand and the tank volume into two variables only and eliminates the need to consider numerous demand values. Using simulations over 16 years for each location, the relationships between these variables were determined to ensure 90%, 95% and 98% assurance of supply.
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Books on the topic "Rainwater tank"

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Nega, Hune. Low-cost methods of rainwater storage: Results from field trials in Ethiopia and Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Regional Land Management Unit, 2002.

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Fryer, Julie. The complete guide to water storage: How to use gray water and rainwater systems, rain barrels, tanks, and other water storage techniques for household and emergency use. Ocala, Fla: Atlantic Pub. Group, 2012.

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Care, Paisley ER Environmental. Rainwater Tank Won't Break the Bank: Earth Day Anniversary, the Planet Environmental Care Notebook Journal College-Ruled Journey Diary, 120 Pages, Lined, 6x9 Funny Gag Gifts. Independently Published, 2020.

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Rainwater Reservoirs Above Ground Structures for Roof Catchment: Most Common Rainwater Tanks in Comparison and Construction Manual. Ballen Booksellers Intl, 1989.

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Macomber, Patricia S. H. Guidelines on rainwater catchment systems for Hawaii (CTAHR resource management publication). College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2001.

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Windust, Allan. Waterwise House and Garden. CSIRO Publishing, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643069831.

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This practical guide shows how we can contribute to conserving water, our most precious resource, in our home and garden. Waterwise House and Garden takes a planned approach to saving water in the home using different household reticulation options including the use of rainwater tanks and recycling greywater. It shows how to eliminate unnecessary watering in the garden by working with nature to create a garden that is both enjoyable and sensitive to the environment. It explains the science behind survival strategies of plants in dry conditions, shows how soil and water interact, and demonstrates how to improve the soil in your garden. Included is an extensive list of native and exotic plants that are tolerant to dry conditions in both tropical and temperate climates. The result is an accessible and informative resource guaranteed to help you reduce the environmental impact of everyday living, and dramatically reduce your household water bill in the process. Shortlisted in TAFE Vocational Education category in the 2003 Awards for Excellence in Educational Publishing.
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Book chapters on the topic "Rainwater tank"

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Paudel, Upendra R., and Monzur A. Imteaz. "Spatial Variability of Reasonable Government Rebates for Rainwater Tank Installation: A Case Study for Adelaide, Australia." In Sustainability Perspectives: Science, Policy and Practice, 273–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19550-2_13.

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Pacey, Arnold, and Adrian Cullis. "4. Rainwater Tanks and Technical Assistance." In Rainwater Harvesting, 72–98. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445700.004.

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Markowska, Małgorzata, Marek Ochowiak, Sylwia Włodarczak, and Magdalena Matuszak. "Standards for Rainwater Discharge in Terms of Solid Pollution Separation Process in Modified Swirl Settling Tanks." In Practical Aspects of Chemical Engineering, 231–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39867-5_25.

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Kim, Mikyeong, and Mooyoung Han. "Role of Biofilm in Rainwater Tank." In Microbial Biofilms - Importance and Applications. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/63373.

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Soh, Qiao Yan, Edward O’Dwyer, Salvador Acha, and Nilay Shah. "Optimization and Control of a Rainwater Detention and Harvesting Tank." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 547–52. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-823377-1.50092-6.

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Kinsella, John. "Harvesting the grass (from a Schull Journal)." In Polysituatedness. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526113344.003.0050.

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It’s the time of mowing and hay-cutting here in Schull. Everywhere fields of cut grass ready for baling. Everywhere around the village the sound of whippersnippers. I think of John’s (the Guru’s) report today from Jam Tree Gully (which he’s been looking over in our absence): that there was 100 mm! (accumulated over a couple of weeks) in the rain-gauge. He planted 17 flat-topped Yates at the bottom of Bird Gully and will plant the rest of the tray of 30 next Wednesday when he’s back there to ‘supervise’ the cleaning of the 90,000-litre rainwater tank by the tank-cleaning specialist. He says the wild oats are already very high there....
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Crouch, Dora P. "Profile of Individual Water User." In Water Management in Ancient Greek Cities. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195072808.003.0036.

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One way to show our understanding of ancient Greek management of water is to follow an ordinary person in her daily patterns, observing when and how she uses water. This schedule ignores differences that derive from local geology, climate, or customs, but rather tries to set out the common patterns. 1. At daylight. Wake up. Go to room or alcove set aside for excreting and do that. Rinse with previously used water. Then go to courtyard, pull up bucket of water from cistern, pour into louter, and wash face and hands. Save water for re-use (Fig. 13.3). 2. First meal. Fix breakfast, using water from cistern for any cooking. Water donkey, dog, house plants, with water from cistern or re-usable water from cooking or bathing. 3. Work. Morning and mid-afternoon to late day: A. Do family laundry—use giant pithos or scrub-board at edge of courtyard, filled from downspout from roof or with buckets of water from the cistern; hang clothes to dry on poles or rope strung between posts (columns) supporting roofs around courtyard. Alternate: laundry might be done communally at a large tank that received the overflow from a fountain near the agora, and the wet clothes carried home and spread out to dry, as above (Fig. 17.5). B. Or do craft activity such as making pottery, using courtyard and water from cistern. C. Or go out to farm. Excrement and garbage were probably carried daily to the farm for fertilizer. An important farming task was to monitor the irrigation of timber lots, fields, orchards, and vineyards with waste water from the town or with spring or river water or dispersed rainwater. D. Or do shopping and/or selling. Periodically carry craft items to Agora to sell them. If need be, rinse items such as vases in public fountains to show off their best colors. In Athens, women participated in the markets, selling lettuce and other farm or craft products, but in some Greek cities shopping and selling were solely masculine activities. 4. Recreation. A. Talk with cousin from the country who waters his donkey at the public trough in the Agora. B. On the way home stop at neighborhood fountain to chat with other people fetching water to drink (Fig. 21.1). C. On special occasions (marriage, birth) go to a sanctuary for a ritual bath. (Fig. 6.1).
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I., Mirela, Anthony R., and Clare Diaper. "Sediment Transport in Rainwater Tanks and Implications for Water Quality." In Sediment Transport in Aquatic Environments. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/21962.

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"Rainwater Tanks to Save Water in Buildings: An Australian Perspective." In Frontiers in Civil Engineering, edited by M. Ashiqur Rahman, Md Mahmudul Haque, Amir Ahmed, and Ataur Rahman, 62–82. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681084831117020004.

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López-Patiño, Gonzalo, F. Martínez-Solano, P. López-Jiménez, and Vicente Fuertes-Miquel. "A method for sizing first flush water diverters tanks in rainwater harvesting systems." In Environmental Hydraulics - Theoretical, Experimental and Computational Solutions, 311–14. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10999-77.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rainwater tank"

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van der Sterren, M., G. R. Dennis, J. Chuck, and A. Rahman. "Rainwater Tank Water Quality Testing in Western Sydney Australia." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)412.

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"Application of eTank for rainwater tank optimisation for Sydney metropolitan." In 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2013.l8.imteaz.

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"eTank: A Decision Support Tool for optimizing rainwater tank size." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.i1.imteaz.

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"Rainwater Design Value for Open Manure Tank in a Climate Change Perspective." In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141908807.

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Paudel, Upendra, and Monzur A. Imteaz. "Impact of climate change on future water savings of rainwater tank in Adelaide, Australia." In 2019 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Science and Data Engineering (CSDE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csde48274.2019.9162382.

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Upshaw, Charles R., Joshua D. Rhodes, and Michael E. Webber. "Modeling a Combined Energy-Water Storage System for Residential Homes and Analyzing Water Storage Tank Size." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63967.

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Air conditioning systems (AC systems) are the primary driver of summer electricity use and peak power demand in residential homes in Texas, mostly due to the refrigerant compressor in the condenser unit. The power demand for a residential AC compressor is on the order of kilowatts. Peak power demand from residential AC systems could be reduced by means of pre-cooling a thermal storage reservoir, which can be used as a heat sink instead of the air-cooled outdoor condenser that is subject to ambient conditions. The concept of thermal storage is not new, and is in widespread use in large-scale HVAC systems for the commercial and industrial sectors. However, residential thermal storage systems, while available, are not widespread due to high costs relative to the costs of the AC system. This paper discusses the development of a simplified thermodynamic model of a water-based sensible thermal storage reservoir for reducing peak AC compressor loads, and determines optimal tank sizing based on a few key design parameters. The motivation behind this project is the idea of utilizing a large water reservoir that could be on-site for other purposes already, specifically large rainwater collection systems. Such a combined energy/water storage configuration might increase the cost effectiveness of both a thermal storage system and a rainwater collection system by means of shared costs and avoided energy and water expenses. The system configuration consists of a typical direct expansion residential air conditioning system with a typical air-cooled condenser unit, but with an additional thermal storage condenser/evaporator heat exchanger connected into the refrigerant lines with reconfigurable flow paths and solenoid valves to control the discharging and recharging of the thermal reservoir. The large volume of stored water acts as a lower temperature thermal reservoir for the secondary condenser. The lower temperature and better heat transfer capabilities of water improve operating efficiency and reduce power consumption when used instead of the air-cooled condenser during the hottest hours of the day. The system model was evaluated using cooling load outputs for a simulated 1800 square foot home in Austin, Texas based on weather data from summer 2011, which was a record hot summer that stressed the Texas electricity grid to its limits. Preliminary analysis based on a simplified model of the system, along with the specified model parameters, suggests that thermal storage systems would be on the order of several thousand gallons, which corresponds to that of a large rainwater collection system. Additionally, the analysis suggests that power demand reduction during peak is likely the primary benefit of the system, with an average reduction on the order of 30–70% less than the system without storage, depending on operating parameters. However, total energy consumption could be either slightly higher or lower than the baseline, depending on a variety of factors such as diurnal temperature swing, discharge/recharge control, compressor efficiency, and tank size.
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Tetteh-Wayoe, Debra. "Shell Corrosion Allowance for Aboveground Storage Tanks." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64501.

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Enbridge Pipelines Inc. utilizes aboveground crude oil storage tanks for operational flexibility and merchant storage purposes. Most of these tanks are built in accordance with the requirements of API 650. This standard requires that an appropriate corrosion allowance be included in the minimum shell thickness calculations. A variety of sources were researched in an effort to develop a process that ensures the selected corrosion allowance allows for the safe operation of a tank for its entire service life. Some of these sources include other API standards, historical API 653 tank inspection reports, published atmospheric corrosion rates, and corrosion allowance specifications of industrial counterparts. Defining an appropriate corrosion allowance requires consideration of a number of factors: • Whether or not the product contains significant sediments and water; • Whether or not an internal lining will be applied in accordance with API 652; • The length of time to the first out-of-service inspection; • Whether or not the tank will be externally coated; • The temperature of the product stored; • The annual precipitation at the specified location; • The average chloride concentration in rainwater at the specified location. During the course of the corrosion allowance study, the issue of maximum allowable design stress was also considered. The allowable stress values specified in the standard for construction of new tanks (API 650) differs from the allowable stress values specified in the inspection standard for existing tanks (API 653). It has been suggested that the incremental difference between the minimum shell thicknesses calculated using API 650 instead of API 653 could be designated as corrosion allowance. This paper will describe the corrosion allowance calculations in detail as well as address the issue of maximum allowable design stress.
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OHNUMA JUNIOR, ALFREDO AKIRA. "Analysis of rainwater quality according to seasonality in the city of Rio de Janeiro." In I South Florida Congress of Development. CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS I South Florida Congress of Development - 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/sfcdv2021-0007.

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Critical periods and abnormal rainfall events have been observed in the South-East of Brazil in recent years and this has affected both the amount and quality of the volume of water in the water supply systems. This study seeks to assess the influence of seasonal factors on the quality of rainfall at a water treatment plant, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ. The methodology involved collecting rainfall samples between January 2017 and December 2018, at four specific points in the system. The parameters were analyzed statistically and followed seasonal patterns for each of the seasons of the year, and included: pH, turbidity, and electric conductivity. The results suggest that there is an urgent need to dispose of the initial volume stored in the devices of the first flush. The water contained in the tank was of a satisfactory standard for non-drinkable purposes despite the effects of seasonality on the quality of the rainfall water.
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Bernard, Gary, Damien Vera, and Weng Kheong Lim. "Seismic Response Analysis of Flexible Drain System Into External Floating Roof Storage Tanks." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65524.

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Floating roofs are commonly used worldwide on top of cylindrical oil storage tanks as a primary means to prevent formation of vapor above stored products into the storage tanks and should provide a safe and efficient storage of products with minimal risk for the environment. However, aboveground storage reservoirs built in seismic zones are prone to earthquake damage. Extensive research has been done to enhance performance of the floating roof tanks against damage to ground foundations, fixed and floating roof, tank shells as well as adjacent piping. Indeed, the stored oil sloshing in a cylindrical storage tank is known to have caused damage to the tank shell, tank roof and as well to anti-rotation columns. One of the possible dangers of liquid sloshing is the resultant damage to in-situ roof drain systems within external floating roof tanks. Indeed, roof drain systems are designed for continuous withdrawal of rainwater from external floating roofs, and if damaged, would result in dysfunction of the systems and irreversible discharge of oil products into the containment dyke. In this regard, a reliable roof drain system should have the capability to withstand liquid sloshing effects, and to a certain degree, ensure resistance in events of displacement of the floating roof. The aim of this document is to use knowledge of flexible pipe technology and industry recognized dynamic analysis software to analyze the effects of earthquakes on the integrity of a flexible drain pipe system. Analysis of liquid sloshing effects on flexible drain pipe systems using dynamic analysis software will be presented and the effects of structural damages such as loss of anti-rotation columns on the integrity of flexible drain pipe systems will be assessed. In the end, the document will propose recommendations on how industry can further enhance roof drain systems within external floating roof tanks to ensure performance and functionality after occurrence of earthquakes.
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Brand, Minakshi, and Camilo Torres. "Hydraulic and Hydrological Assessment for an Artificial Wetland—Storage Tank System Built for Rainwater Harvesting at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Campus in Bogotá, Colombia." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479889.036.

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