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Academic literature on the topic 'Rainfall-runoff experiments'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rainfall-runoff experiments"

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Kai, Wu, and Liu Changming. "Three instruments used in rainfall—runoff simulation experiments." Hydrological Processes 2, no. 2 (April 1988): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360020205.

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Vergroesen, T., U. Man Joshi, N. C. van de Giesen, and F. H. M. van de Ven. "High resolution rainfall – runoff measurement setup for green roof experiments in a tropical environment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 6 (December 7, 2010): 9367–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-9367-2010.

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Abstract. This article describes the measurement setup that is used for green roof experiments in a tropical environment, the required data treatment to obtain reliable values of rainfall, runoff and evapotranspiration, and how to deal with external disturbances that can influence the experiment results. High resolution rainfall runoff measurements to identify, understand and properly model the relevant runoff processes in a green roof require both tailored equipment and data treatment. A tipping bucket rain gauge is calibrated for and installed to measure minute based rain intensities. A runoff measuring setup is developed that can accurately quantify the runoff up to 6 l/min, and has a high resolution in both time and volume. Two different measuring setups are used to verify the evapotranspiration that is derived from the rainfall and runoff measurements.
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Herrnegger, M., H. P. Nachtnebel, and K. Schulz. "From runoff to rainfall: inverse rainfall–runoff modelling in a high temporal resolution." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 12 (December 5, 2014): 13259–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-13259-2014.

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Abstract. This paper presents a novel technique to calculate mean areal rainfall in a high temporal resolution of 60 min on the basis of an inverse conceptual rainfall–runoff model and runoff observations. Rainfall exhibits a large spatio-temporal variability, especially in complex alpine terrain. Additionally, the density of the monitoring network in mountainous regions is low and measurements are subjected to major errors, which lead to significant uncertainties in areal rainfall estimates. The most reliable hydrological information available refers to runoff, which in the presented work is used as input for a rainfall–runoff model. Thereby a conceptual, HBV-type model is embedded in an iteration algorithm. For every time step a rainfall value is determined, which results in a simulated runoff value that corresponds to the observation. To verify the existence, uniqueness and stability of the inverse rainfall, numerical experiments with synthetic hydrographs as inputs into the inverse model are carried out successfully. The application of the inverse model with runoff observations as driving input is performed for the Krems catchment (38.4 km2), situated in the northern Austrian Alpine foothills. Compared to station observations in the proximity of the catchment, the inverse rainfall sums and time series have a similar goodness of fit, as the independent INCA rainfall analysis of Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG). Compared to observations, the inverse rainfall estimates show larger rainfall intensities. Numerical experiments show, that cold state conditions in the inverse model do not influence the inverse rainfall estimates, when considering an adequate spin-up time. The application of the inverse model is a feasible approach to obtain improved estimates of mean areal rainfall. These can be used to enhance interpolated rainfall fields, e.g. for the estimation of rainfall correction factors, the parameterisation of elevation dependency or the application in real-time flood forecasting systems.
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Ma, Baoguo, Ronghao Guan, Liang Liu, Zhixi Huang, Shuanwang Qi, Zengfu Xi, Ying Zhao, Shihao Song, and Hong Yang. "Nitrogen Loss in Vegetable Field under the Simulated Rainfall Experiments in Hebei, China." Water 13, no. 4 (February 21, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040552.

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Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the main factors contaminating the environment. However, the impact of rainfall on loss of non-point nitrogen is far from well understood. Based on the artificial rainfall simulation experiments to monitor the loss of dissolved nitrogen (DN) in surface runoff and interflow of vegetable field, this study analyzed the effects of rainfall intensity and fertilization scheme on nitrogen (N) loss. The results indicated that fertilizer usage is the main factor affecting the nitrogen loss in surface runoff, while runoff and rainfall intensity play important roles in interflow nitrogen loss. The proportion of DN lost through the surface runoff was more than 91%, and it decreased with increasing rainfall intensity. There was a clear linear trend (r2 > 0.96) between the amount of DN loss and runoff. Over 95% of DN was lost as nitrate nitrogen (NN), which was the major component of nitrogen loss. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment (CF), the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the optimized fertilization treatment (OF) decreased by 38.9%, and the loss of DN decreased by 28.4%, but root length, plant height and yield of pak choi increased by 6.3%, 2.7% and 5.6%, respectively. Our findings suggest that properly reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer but will not reduce the yield of pak choi. Controlling fertilizer usage and reducing runoff generation are important methods to reduce the DN loss in vegetable fields.
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Song, Shuang, and Wen Wang. "Impacts of Antecedent Soil moisture on the Rainfall–Runoff Transformation Process Based on High-Resolution Observations in Soil Tank Experiments." Water 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020296.

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An experimental soil tank (12 m long × 1.5 m wide × 1.5m deep) equipped with a spatially distributed instrument network was designed to conduct the artificial rainfall–runoff experiments. Soil moisture (SM), precipitation, surface runoff (SR) and subsurface runoff (SSR) were continuously monitored. A total of 32 rainfall–runoff events were analyzed to investigate the non-linear patterns of rainfall–runoff response and estimate the impact of antecedent soil moisture (ASM) on runoff formation. Results suggested that ASM had a significant impact on runoff at this plot scale, and a moisture threshold-like value which was close to field capacity existed in the relationship between soil water content and event-based runoff coefficient (φe), SSR and SSR/SR. A non-linear relationship between antecedent soil moisture index (ASI) that represented the initial storage capacity of the soil tank and total runoff was also observed. Response times of SR and SM to rainfall showed a marked variability under different conditions. Under wet conditions, SM at 10 cm started to increase prior to SR on average, whereas it responds slower than SR under dry conditions due to the effect of water repellency. The predominant contributor to SR generation for all events is the Hortonian overland flow (HOF). There is a hysteretic behavior between subsurface runoff flow and soil moisture with a switch in the hysteretic loop direction based on the wetness conditions prior to the event.
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Yang, Xu, Xue-Yi You, Min Ji, and Ciren Nima. "Influence factors and prediction of stormwater runoff of urban green space in Tianjin, China: laboratory experiment and quantitative theory model." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 4 (February 1, 2013): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.600.

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The effects of limiting factors such as rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, grass type and vegetation coverage on the stormwater runoff of urban green space was investigated in Tianjin. The prediction equation of stormwater runoff was established by the quantitative theory with the lab experimental data of soil columns. It was validated by three field experiments and the relative errors between predicted and measured stormwater runoff are 1.41, 1.52 and 7.35%, respectively. The results implied that the prediction equation could be used to forecast the stormwater runoff of urban green space. The results of range and variance analysis indicated the sequence order of limiting factors is rainfall intensity > grass type > rainfall duration > vegetation coverage. The least runoff of green land in the present study is the combination of rainfall intensity 60.0 mm/h, duration 60.0 min, grass Festuca arundinacea and vegetation coverage 90.0%. When the intensity and duration of rainfall are 60.0 mm/h and 90.0 min, the predicted volumetric runoff coefficient is 0.23 with Festuca arundinacea of 90.0% vegetation coverage. The present approach indicated that green space is an effective method to reduce stormwater runoff and the conclusions are mainly applicable to Tianjin and the semi-arid areas with main summer precipitation and long-time interval rainfalls.
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Man, Zihao, Qinghua Luan, Dan Xu, Congwu Sun, and Yongzhen Niu. "The Design and Check of Regional Typical Rainfall Processes: A Case Study of Yongnian District, China." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601009.

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Observing and analyzing runoff process is an important method to study the principle of runoff yield and concentration. However, natural rainfall is random and difficult to monitor the related runoff process timely, so most of the runoff processes analysis is based on the artificial rainfall experiments. In this study, the selected test site is located in Yongnian district, Hebei Province, China. Rainfall volume, rainfall peak, rainfall duration and peak ratio were considered as the key factors of designed rainfall type. Based on regional historical observed rainfall data from 1980 to 2012, the two mainly representative processes which was in flood season and non-flood season respectively, were calculated. The most typical rainfall process in each period was screened through two methods of characteristic frequency distribution. Furthermore, accuracy of rainfall intensity and uniformity of spatial and temporal distribution were selected as the criteria for correcting the artificial rainfall devices. This research is the foundation of the artificial runoff experiment and provide reference to regional climate change research and local water resources assessment.
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Luo, Banglin, Zhen Han, Jing Yang, and Qing Wang. "Assessment of Erosion Characteristics in Purple and Yellow Soils Using Simulated Rainfall Experiments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010357.

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Soil erosion of sloped lands is one of the important sources of substantive sediments in watersheds. In order to investigate erosion characteristics of sloped lands during rainfall events in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, erosion processes of purple and yellow soils under different slope gradients and rainfall intensities were studied by using a rainfall simulator. The results showed that the sediment concentration in runoff was closely correlated with rainfall intensity. The sediment concentration in runoff gradually rose to a peak with time, and then gradually declined and approach a steady rate during simulation rainfall events. The particle size distribution of surface soils before the rainfall was different from that after the rainfall. Soil erosion mainly resulted in the loss of fine particles of surface soil through runoff, and the fine particles of soil were enriched in sediments. Soil erosion rates were gradually increased with the slope gradient when the slope gradient was less than 10°, and significantly increased when the slope gradient was more than 10°. The slope factor of yellow soil could be fitted well to that calculated by the formula of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The trend of the slope factor of purple soil was similar to that of the slope factor that was derived from USLE. Therefore, the effect of slope gradients on soil erosion need to be further researched when USLE was applied to predict erosion in purple soil area.
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Das, P., K. Mahmud, and S. Karmaker. "Surface-Runoff Characteristics under Simulated Rainfall Conditions." Progressive Agriculture 24, no. 1-2 (June 17, 2014): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19175.

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This paper describes a rainfall-runoff simulation study, conducted in a laboratory to investigate surface runoff characteristics, verify unit hydrograph assumption and investigate the nature of the recession constant. A hydrology bench consisting of a metallic tray with an over head sprinkler system was used for this study. The metallic tray with soil bed and a river network acted as a small catchment. The over head sprinkler system consisting of spray nozzles acted as rainfall simulator. Different rainfall intensities and durations were taken as the treatments for the experiments. Surface runoff volume was collected at 10 secondly pulses of time in each experiment. Collected data were then processed and analyzed to explain the results. Unit hydrographs were developed from the surface runoff hydrographs for different rainfall durations and intensities. Recession constant K was calculated from the recession limb of each surface runoff hydrograph by optimization. Investigations show that runoff volume, runoff generation rate and peak runoff rate increase with the increasing rainfall duration. However, the peak runoff rate per sec of effective rainfall decreases with the increasing rainfall duration. There is also an evidence of the effects of rainfall intensity on runoff characteristics but no specific trend is identified. This study also reveals that the assumption of linearity between runoff volume and hydrograph ordinates is partially valid with some error which may be attributed to the non-uniform distributions of rainfall. Nature of recession constant suggests that the recession hydrograph is not only a function of catchment characteristics but also depends on rainfall intensities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19175 Progress. Agric. 24(1&2): 219 - 227, 2013
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van, Rees H., and RC Boston. "Evaluation of Factors Affecting Surface Runoff on Alpine Rangeland in Victoria." Rangeland Journal 8, no. 2 (1986): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9860097.

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A 'portable' rainfall simulator was used on alpine soils on the Bogong High Plains in Victoria, to determine the relationship of surface runoff to soil moisture, rainfall intensity, slope and the percentage of the area lacking vegetation cover (bare ground). A strong inverse relationship (R' = 0.64) existed between total runoff and antecedent soil moisture conditions. The other factors, within the range evaluated in these experiments (bare ground 0 to 33'70, rainfall intensity 37 to 97 mm/hr and slope 6 to 23%) had no significant influence on runoff. Time to runoff initiation was influenced by antecedent soil moisture, slope and rainfall intensity ( ~ ~ ~ 0 . 7 1 ) . It was found that time to runoff decreased as the soils dried, and the slope and rainfall intensity increased. The percentage of bare ground had little influence on the time to runoff initiation. These results show that differences in grassland condition, including large differences in the percentage of bare ground, had little influence on either surface runoff or on the time to runoff initiation. The single most important factor influencing runoff rates was the antecedent moisture content of the soil. This factor is generally outside management control.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rainfall-runoff experiments"

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Blumenfeld, Hana Devorah. "Quantifying rangeland health indicators using runoff and sediment from rainfall simulator experiments." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2002. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0041_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Sulistiyono, Heri. "Rainfall-runoff model calibration using experimental designs and response surface methodology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0001/MQ42452.pdf.

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Costa, Alexandre Cunha. "Hidrologia de uma Bacia Experimental em Caatinga Conservada no Semi-Ãrido Brasileiro." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=682.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
O objetivo geral foi quantificar e avaliar os principais processos hidrol?gicos, incluindo a produ??o de sedimentos, da Bacia Experimental de Aiuaba (BEA) para o per?odo de 2003-2007. A BEA, com ?rea de 12 km2, est? localizada no sert?o dos Inhamus em ?rea de conserva??o ambiental do bioma caatinga na Esta??o Ecol?gica (ESEC) de Aiuaba, Cear?, pertencente ? bacia do Alto Jaguaribe. Realizou-se caracteriza??o da fisiografia, medi??o de vari?veis hidrol?gicas, avalia??o de processos chuva-defl?vio na bacia hidrogr?fica e no reservat?rio que a controla. Conclui-se que: o processo de infiltra??o do a?ude da BEA (capacidade de 59.700 m3) ? relevante e da mesma ordem de grandeza da evapora??o; a recarga subterr?nea direta ao lago ? desprez?vel em rela??o ? evapora??o e ? infiltra??o; durante os eventos chuva-defl?vio a evapora??o, a infiltra??o e a recarga subterr?nea s?o desprez?veis em rela??o ao defl?vio afluente e ? precipita??o direta sobre o lago. Conclui-se, dos eventos chuva-defl?vio e produ??o de sedimentos, que: o coeficiente de runoff (CR) dos eventos ? extremamente baixo, sendo as l?minas d??gua escoadas menores que as l?minas interceptadas pela vegeta??o; o N?mero de Curva (CN) m?dio por evento foi 42, com m?ximo de 59 e m?nimo de 27; a produ??o de sedimentos apresentou valores entre 9 e 291 kg/km2 para eventos de 2006-2007, e m?dia de 97 kg/km2 por evento; o escoamento superficial ? ef?mero: o tempo de defl?vio foi somente 64% maior que o tempo da precipita??o por evento; as perdas elevadas no escoamento superficial ocorrem, em parte, por perdas em tr?nsito no riacho principal; a l?mina escoada na bacia do riacho secund?rio foi oito vezes maior que na bacia do riacho principal em 2007. Inferiu-se que o mecanismo de gera??o de defl?vio superficial predominante ? o hortoniano e que, se relevante, a contribui??o do escoamento subsuperficial deve ocorrer a uma profundidade menor que 15 cm. O CR m?dio anual da BEA foi 6,54% (m?ximo de 31,08% e m?nimo de 0,13%). No ano de 2004 a l?mina escoada na BEA foi 35 vezes maior que a soma das l?minas escoadas nos demais anos. Dos 1543 dias monitorados, em apenas 139 dias ocorreu escoamento (9%), sendo 28 dias de escoamento nos anos n?o-chuvosos (1,8%). A produ??o de sedimentos em 2007 foi cinco vezes maior que em 2006, e para o bi?nio 2006-07 o m?s de maior escoamento (abril de 2007) foi respons?vel por 71% da produ??o de sedimentos. Comparando-se o CR anual da BEA com outras bacias no rio Jaguaribe, a BEA foi uma das que apresentou menor coeficiente de runoff. Formulou-se a hip?tese de a BEA ser uma ?rea de recarga de aq??fero fraturado, que condiciona processos hidrol?gicos superficiais.
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Barbosa, Luís Romero. "Relações de precipitações-umidade do solo-vazão de eventos sub-diários em bacias experimentais do NE Brasileiro." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7683.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The assessment of rainfall-runoff transformation mechanisms with high temporal resolution data has proven crucial to the improving of hydrological studies, by providing detailed knowledge and information about the properties and the characteristics of their main variables. This study aimed at assessing the influence of rainfall event definition criteria in determining the characteristics of hyetographs, as well as in investigating the hydrological relations of rainfall events and antecedent soil moisture with those of the runoff hydrograph, by means of statistical techniques, in experimental basins in Northeast Brazil. To this end, a portion of the data was acquired, in sub-hourly scale, from the databases maintained by the partners of the research since 2003 and the other one was monitored and taken along the hydrological year of 2013-2014 through frequent measurements, performing essays and data processing. Then, descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, exploratory data analysis, multivariate statistical techniques and multiple linear regression were carried out either for visual inspection or for statistical data investigation, in order to establish variation patterns and evaluate the association degree among variables. The first study revealed that the variation in minimum inter-event time criteria has reduced by almost 50% the number of events, and underestimated the average intensity of events by 4 times on average. The second study showed that the tropical coastal basin has approximately 4 times more events than those of semiarid, of which 6% of all events that remain unshaped, contribute to 38% of the total precipitation, and could be reduced by up to 97%, becoming mainly on unimodal events with peak to the left. The third study showed that soil moisture has a similar variation pattern up to 3 days in advance and exerts a significant influence, along with the precipitation and duration of rainfall events on both the runoff coefficient, the peak and the discharge of hydrographs; on the other hand, the principal component responsible for the peak and intensities of hyetographs was significant only on the runoff coefficient, which was, in turn, the best feature set for the multiple linear regression analysis, as it the coefficient of determination was 0.66. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of continuous and systematic hydro-climatological data monitoring for the experimental studies that may provide input to decision-making in water resources management measures.
O entendimento dos mecanismos de transformação chuva-vazão com dados em alta resolução temporal mostra-se fundamental no aperfeiçoamento da maior parte dos estudos hidrológicos, ao provê conhecimento e informação detalhada a respeito das propriedades e características de suas principais variáveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência dos critérios de definição de evento chuvoso na determinação das características dos hietogramas, bem como investigar as relações hidrológicas dos eventos chuvosos e da umidade antecedente do solo com aquelas dos hidrogramas de escoamento superficial, por meio de técnicas estatísticas, em bacias experimentais do Nordeste Brasileiro. Para tanto, uma parcela dos dados foi adquirida, em escala sub-horária, dos bancos de dados mantidos pelos parceiros da Rede de Hidrologia do Semiárido (REHISA) desde 2003 e a outra foi monitorada e obtida ao longo do hidrológico 2013-2014, por meio de frequentes medições, realização de ensaios e tratamento de dados. Em seguida, técnicas de estatística descritiva, testes de aderência e de hipóteses, métodos exploratórios de dados, análises estatísticas multivariadas e técnicas de regressão linear múltipla foram utilizadas, quer na inspeção visual, quer na investigação estatística dos dados, a fim de estabelecer padrões de variação e avaliar o grau de associação entre variáveis. O primeiro estudo realizado revelou que a variação do critério de mínimo intervalo de tempo entre eventos fez reduzir em até quase 50% o número de eventos, além de subestimar a intensidade média dos eventos 4 vezes, em média. O segundo estudo mostrou que a bacia hidrográfica tropical costeira apresenta aproximadamente 4 vezes mais eventos do que as do semiárido, dos quais 6% da totalidade dos eventos que permanecem não caracterizados, contribuem para 38% do total precipitado, e puderam ser reduzidos em até 97%, transformando-se, sobretudo, em eventos do tipo unimodal com pico à esquerda. O terceiro estudo mostrou que a umidade do solo apresenta um padrão de variação similar até 3 dias de antecedência e exerce uma influência significante, juntamente com a lâmina precipitada e a duração dos eventos chuvosos, sobre o coeficiente de escoamento, o pico e a vazão do hidrograma; por outro lado, a componente responsável pelo pico e intensidades dos hietogramas foi significante apenas sobre o coeficiente de escoamento, este que, por sua vez, foi a característica melhor ajustada pela análise de regressão múltipla, dado o coeficiente de determinação de 0,66. Portanto, este estudo evidencia a importância do monitoramento contínuo e sistemático de dados hidroclimatológicos para a realização de estudos experimentais que venham a dar subsídios à tomada de decisões em medidas de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos.
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Mmachaka, Thandi Nthabiseng. "Infiltration, runoff and particle mobilization on canola fields at langgewens experimental farm, Mooreesburg, Western Cape." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3626.

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Magister Scientiae - MSc
The primary origin of this project is due to a high demand for freshwater supply in the Berg Water Management Area (WMA). Most of the Berg WMA`s freshwater supply does not live up to the high ecological standards. This is mainly due to high sediments loading in the Berg River which is one of the water supplies to the Berg WMA. The project was conducted on a small-scale catchment at Langgewens experimental farms in Swartland district. The focus of this study was to address some of the hydrological processes active in the research catchment: infiltration, run-off and sediment mobilization on different soil types under wheat and canola vegetation cover. This was done to investigate the origin of sediments in the Berg River. Considering the results, one might conclude that the decayed root systems from the canola and wheat vegetation covers, organic matter content, soil cracks, slope orientation, and soil composition, all played a major role in influencing the ability of the soil to absorb the simulated rainfall. Because the infiltration was calculated using the difference between the incoming simulated rainfall and the measured run-off, there was an inverse relationship between run-off and infiltration. When run-off was low, the infiltration was high and vice versa. iv Factors that governed sediment mobilisation within the ring area are micro topography within the ring area, the slope gradient and vegetation covers. Considering the results, vegetation cover played a pivotal role and it must be maintained at all times. It is advisable that the land users leave crop residual cover behind after the annual harvest and not expose the land surface in bare form for too long as this will generate more run-off and increase sediment mobilisation. The analyses showed that wheat crop protects the soil from rain drop impact than on canola crop.
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Shih, Feng-Ming, and 石豐銘. "Study on the Rainfall-Runoff Relationship of FuShan Experimental Watershed No.1 by HEC-1 Flood Hydrograph Package." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69548096013004968609.

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碩士
臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
95
This study was to probe the rainfall-runoff relationships of FuShan Experimental Watershed No. 1 (FS1) of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (TFRI). HEC-1 model based on the Kinematic wave method was used to calculate runoff hydrograph, that compare to the observed runoff hydrograph, to examine whether HEC-1 would be applicable to small watershed or not. Among the collected rainfall-runoff data at FS1 during 2002 to 2006, 8 rainfall-runoff cases with single-peaked hyetograph were chosen to calibrate the input parameters of HEC-1 model. Also, another 11 rainfall-runoff cases with similarly single-peaked hyetograph and 8 typhoon cases, namely Rammasun, Sinlaku, Mindulle, Aere, Nock-Ten, Bilis, Bopha, and ShanShan, were used to verify the reliability of the input parameters. From the collected rainfall-runoff data analysis, we found that the rainfall would immediately turn into runoff in most of the hydrological cases. In other words, the hydrological function of water conservation at FS1 should not be over emphasized considering the rapid change from rainfall to runoff in this area. The simulation results done based on HEC-1 model only demonstrated the characteristics of rainfall-runoff hydrograph of all the hydrological cases. However, if we use 3 target functions, Error of Peak Discharge (EQP), Error of Time to Peak (ETP), and Error of Total Runoff Volume (EV), to evaluate the simulation results, it shows that the values of EQP of all the 27 rainfall-runoff cases are exceptionally high (Avg. 1292.5%). Although the values of ETP and EV did not show negative results for the 8 rainfall-runoff cases with single-peaked hyetograph and the 11 rainfall-runoff cases with similarly single-peaked hyetograph, still 3 out of the 8 typhoon cases indicate an early timing of peak discharge. Besides, more than half of the 8 typhoon cases appear that the total runoff volume are over 100%. According to the results of the 3 target functions are quite convincing, we could conclude that HEC-1 model is not a proper model to simulate the rainfall-runoff relationships of FS1.
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Královec, Václav. "Vliv půdní složky a rozdílného krajinného pokryvu na odtokový proces (experimentální výzkum v párových povodích Zbytiny)." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411442.

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The doctoral thesis deals with the evaluation of influences of causal factors that significantly affect runoff processes in landscape. The research is mainly focused on the examination of land and soil cover impacts and partially pays attention to the effects of surface drainage and snow cover. The main effort was to find out the extent of influences of each individual factor on runoff from a different type of landscape. In order to find the correct answer, a methodical approach was applied to small experimental paired catchments where the research has been continuously undergoing since the year of 2006 (the presented results have been collected for 11 years of observations). The small experimental paired catchments are located at the foothills of the Šumava Mountains and they represent small area neighbouring catchments of similar physical-geographic and hydrographic conditions. The catchments were selected as the comparative ones where the main differences are the landscape and soil cover. Moreover, the character of surface drainage is regarded to be an important variable. In the catchment area of the Zbytinský Brook, there predominates the grassland which is largely drained by the subsurface drainage system. In the catchment area of the Tetřívčí Brook the dominant cover is formed by the forest...
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Books on the topic "Rainfall-runoff experiments"

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Mustard, Martha H. Runoff characteristics and washoff loads from rainfall-simulation experiments on a street surface and a native pasture in the Denver metropolitan area, Colorado. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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R, Ellis Sherman, Gibbs Johnnie W, Denver Regional Council of Governments, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Runoff characteristics and washoff loads from rainfall-simulation experiments on a street surface and a native pasture in the Denver metropolitan area. Lakewood, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1985.

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Č, Maksimović, and Radojković M, eds. Urban drainage catchments: Selected worldwide rainfall-runoff data from experimental catachments. Oxford, OX, England: Pergamon Press, 1986.

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Radojkovic, M. Urban Drainage Catchments: Selected Worldwide Rainfall-Runoff Data from Experimental Catchments. Pergamon, 1986.

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Radojkovic, M. Urban Drainage Catchments: Selected Worldwide Rainfall-Runoff Data from Experimental Catchments. Pergamon, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rainfall-runoff experiments"

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Im, Sangjun, Jeman Lee, Koichiro Kuraji, Yen-Jen Lai, Venus Tuankrua, Nobuaki Tanaka, Mie Gomyo, Hiroki Inoue, and Chun-Wei Tseng. "Soil conservation service curve number determination for forest cover using rainfall and runoff data in experimental forests." In Long-Term Monitoring and Research in Asian University Forests, 14–23. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003252436-3.

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Peishu, Yang, and Lu Yubang. "A Rainfall Runoff Model for Agricultural Drainage in the Experimental Station of the Three-River Plain in Heilongjiang Province." In Flood Hydrology, 97–105. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3957-8_8.

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Redel-Macías, María Dolores, Víctor Marín-Moreno, José Ángel Bajo, Mary Nichols, Rafael Pérez, Francisco Bellido, and Encarnación V. Taguas. "Self-Learning of Experimental Measurements of Rainfall, Runoff, and Erosion in Small Rural Catchments By Using Virtual Lab with an Automatic System of Improvement Based on the Internet of Things." In The Internet of Things for Education, 41–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85720-2_4.

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Abrahams, Athol D., and Melissa Neave. "Biogeochemical Fluxes across Piedmont Slopes of the Jornada Basin." In Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117769.003.0011.

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This chapter is an overview of recent studies of the movement of water, sediment, and nutrients across a principle piedmont slope, or bajada, of the Jornada Basin. Bajadas are extensive, gently sloping surfaces formed by the coalescence of alluvial fans and are a major landscape component of the basin and range province. Over the past four decades a considerable body of research has elucidated the form and function of alluvial fans (Bull 1977; Blair and McPherson 1994; Harvey 1997), but less attention has been paid to bajadas. In particular, the bajadas most neglected are those where channels converge and diverge at irregular intervals downslope. This type of bajada is found at the base of Summerford Mountain, the northernmost peak of the Doña Ana Mountains on the western edge of the Jornada Basin. For convenience, this bajada is hereafter referred to as the Summerford bajada. The research has involved rainfall simulation experiments on small plots, monitoring of two small watersheds on this bajada, and computer modeling of the processes operating in these watersheds and over the bajada as a whole. A detailed understanding of the hydrology and hydraulics of overland flow on this bajada requires a numerical model of the rainfall-runoff process. The objective of this chapter is to detail the model and draw conclusions from model simulations about hydrologic transports of sediment and nutrients across this bajada. Because these piedmonts are important surfaces in this desert (chapter 2) an understanding of their hydrologic and biogeochemical dynamics is crucial to understanding landscape dynamics in the basin and throughout arid regions. Summerford Mountain is a steep-sided, rocky inselberg (i.e., isolated mountain) that rises 380 m above the surrounding bajada to an elevation of 1,780 m. The mountain is composed of monzonite porphyry of Oligocene age (Seager et al. 1976) and has a fringing bajada on its northern and eastern sides. This study focuses on the bajada to the east, which extends 2.5 km to the basin floor at an average gradient of 4%.
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Minea, Gabriel, Romulus Costache, Vasile Turcu, Gabriela Ioana-Toroimac, Nicu-Constantin Tudose, Yeboah Gyasi-Agyei, and Jesús Rodrigo-Comino. "Challenges to improve rainfall-runoff study on experimental field plots." In Precipitation, 223–36. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822699-5.00009-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rainfall-runoff experiments"

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Tügel, Franziska, Jonas Adrian Lemke, Aziz Hassan, and Reinhard Hinkelmann. "Suitability of Green-Ampt Parameters for Rainfall-Runoff Simulations of Plot-Scale Field Experiments." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc252171192022472.

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Yuan, Xing-cheng, and Xin Qian. "Notice of Retraction: Experimental Study on Intercepting Rainfall Runoff with a Permeable Dam." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5780975.

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Singh, Gurdeep, Mansoor Leh, and Pushpendra Singh. "<i>Determination of curve number and estimation of runoff using experimental rainfall and runoff data</i>." In 2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201801512.

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Zhang, Yali, and Xingchang Zhang. "Experimental Analysis of the Effective Depth of Interaction of Rainfall-Surface Runoff-Soil Nitrogen." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162813.

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Liqin (or initial) Qu, Tingwu (or initial) Lei, Jun (or initial) Zhao, Peiling (or initial) Gao, and Lijuan (or initial) Yan. "Laboratory Experimental Study on Runoff and Erosion Processes from a Small Catchment under Rainfall-simulator." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23214.

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Reports on the topic "Rainfall-runoff experiments"

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Gerstl, Zev, Thomas L. Potter, David Bosch, Timothy Strickland, Clint Truman, Theodore Webster, Shmuel Assouline, Baruch Rubin, Shlomo Nir, and Yael Mishael. Novel Herbicide Formulations for Conservation-Tillage. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591736.bard.

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The overall objective of this study was to develop, optimize and evaluate novel formulations, which reduce herbicide leaching and enhance agronomic efficacy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CsT promotes environmental quality and enhances sustainable crop production, yet continued use of CsT-practices appears threatened unless cost effective alternative weed control practices can be found. The problem is pressing in the southern portion of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of the eastern USA where cotton and peanut are produced extensively. This research addressed needs of the region’s farmers for more effective weed control practices for CsT systems. HUJI: CRFs for sulfentrazone and metolachlor were developed and tested based on their solubilizion in cationic micelles and adsorption of the mixed micelles on montmorillonite. A better understanding of solubilizing anionic and nonionic organic molecules in cationic micelles was reached. Both CRFs demonstrated controlled release compared to the commercial formulations. A bioassay in soil columns determined that the new sulfentrazone and metolachlor CRFs significantly improve weed control and reduced leaching (for the latter) in comparison with the commercial formulations. ARO: Two types of CRFs were developed: polymer-clay beads and powdered formulations. Sand filter experiments were conducted to determine the release of the herbicide from the CRFs. The concentration of metolachlor in the initial fractions of the effluent from the commercial formulation reached rather high values, whereas from the alginate-clay formulations and some of the powdered formulations, metolachlor concentrations were low and fairly constant. The movement of metolachlor through a sandy soil from commercial and alginate-clay formulations showed that the CRFs developed significantly reduced the leaching of metolachlor in comparison to the commercial formulation. Mini-flume and simulated rainfall studies indicated that all the CRFs tested increased runoff losses and decreased the amount of metolachlor found in the leachate. ARS: Field and laboratory investigations were conducted on the environmental fate and weed control efficacy of a commercially available, and two CRFs (organo-clay and alginate-encapsulated) of the soil-residual herbicide metolachlor. The environmental fate characteristics and weed control efficacy of these products were compared in rainfall simulations, soil dissipations, greenhouse efficacy trials, and a leaching study. Comparisons were made on the basis of tillage, CsT, and conventional, i.e no surface crop residue at planting (CT). Strip-tillage (ST), a commonly used form of CsT, was practiced. The organo-clay and commercial metolachlor formulations behaved similarly in terms of wash off, runoff, soil dissipation and weed control efficacy. No advantage of the organo-clay over the commercial metolachlor was observed. Alginate encapsulated metolachlor was more promising. The dissipation rate for metolachlor when applied in the alginate formulation was 10 times slower than when the commercial product was used inferring that its use may enhance weed management in cotton and peanut fields in the region. In addition, comparison of alginate and commercial formulations showed that ST can effectively reduce the runoff threat that is commonly associated with granular herbicide application. Studies also showed that use of the alginate CRF has the potential to reduce metolachlor leaching. Overall study findings have indicated that use of granular herbicide formulations may have substantial benefit for ST-system weed management for cotton and peanut production under Atlantic Coastal Plain conditions in the southeastern USA. Commercial development and evaluation at the farm scale appears warranted. Products will likely enhance and maintain CsT use in this and other regions by improving weed control options.
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