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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rain forest'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Manokaran, N. "Population dynamics of tropical forest trees." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59678.

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2

Nascimento, Marcelo T. "A monodominant rain forest on Maraca Island, Roraima, Brazil : forest structure and dynamics." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21893.

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A forest type dominated by Peltogyne gracilipes Ducke (Caesalpiniaceae) occurs on Maraca Island on a range of soil types. Maraca is located in Roraima State (Brazil) in the Rio Uraricoera and has an area of about 100,000 ha. This study compares the structure and floristic composition of the Peltogyne forest with the most widespread lowland forest type on Maraca and investigates some factors that could be involved in the persistent monodominance of Peltogyne. Three 0.25 ha plots were set up in each of three forest types: Peltogyne-rich forest (PRF), Peltogyne-poor forest (PPF) and forest without Peltogyne (FWP). Within each plot all trees (~ 10 cm dbh) were recorded. Seedlings and saplings were sampled in sub-plots of 2 m x 1 m (seedlings) and 4 m x 4 m (saplings). In the PPF and FWP, Sapotaceae were the most important family with the highest dominance and relative density values. Caesalpiniaceae showed high values in the PRF and PPF. Licania kunthiana, Pradosia surinamensis and Simarouba amara occurred in the forest types. Peltogyne dominated had 20% of stems and 53% of the trees ~ 10 cm dbh, and 91% of the canopy layer the canopy in total basal stems and 97% in all the the PRF and area of all of the total basal area of individuals > 50 cm dbh. In PPF, Lecythis corrugata and Tetragastris panamensis were the most abundant species, followed by Peltogyne. In the FWP the most abundant trees (~ 10 cm dbh) were L. kunthiana and P. surinamensis. In general, Peltogyne had low rates of seed predation and herbivory, but suffered locally high levels of damage to its seeds by leaf-cutter ants and was once observed to have an infestation of larvae of the moth Eulepidotis phrygionia on its young leaves. Peltogyne had no allelopathic effects on tested species and had VA mycorrhizal associations. Its occurrence remains unexplained but is most clearly correlated with soil magnesium.

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3

Ramdass, Indarjit. "Modelling forest dynamics and management of natural tropical rain forests." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11890.

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4

Poels, R. L. H. "Soils, water and nutrients in a forest ecosystem in Suriname." Wageningen : Agricultural University, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23819734.html.

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5

Valencia, Niels. "Ecology of forests on the western slopes of the Peruvian Andes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=128343.

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Dry cloud forests on the western slopes of the Peruvian Andes were mapped from aerial photographs, 306 stands being recorded from 4^o50'S to 12^o47'S. The frequency and area of these stands, as well as most parameters analyzed in the eight sample sites, show a steep decreasing latitudinal trend and are strongly correlated with the latitudinal rainfall gradient. The mean area of the forest stands decreases from 115 ha in northern Peru to 42 ha in central Peru. The number of species recorded decreases along the study area from 52 to 13 and there is a well defined latitudinal sequence of species. Mean density and basal area per hectare of stems ≥10 cm gbh decreases from 2995 individuals and 79.91 m^2 in the north to 500 individuals and 17.27 m^2 in central Peru. The vertical structure is similar throughout the study area, emergent trees reaching on average 22 m and the main canopy 12 m in the north and 13 m and 7 m respectively in central Peru. Regeneration is very active in northern Peru. Juveniles have been found for a high proportion of species, including all common ones, and most species show a logarithmic decline in number of stems with increasing girth. There is a steep decreasing trend towards central Peru, where few species regenerate, mostly shrubs. The pattern found may be the result of the combined effect of grazing and a climatic change towards drier conditions evidenced in the regeneration pattern of most sites.

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6

Hogan, Anthony David. "Australia's native forest and rainforest timber usage and the plantation strategy alternative /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh714.pdf.

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7

Tomlinson, Francis J. "Do harvesting impacts determine patterns of non-forest vegetation in Dipterocarp Forest in Sabah 15 years post logging?" Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59623.

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8

Abebe, Tarekegn. "The influence of selective logging on residual stand and regeneration in a rain forest in southwestern Ethiopia /." Umeå : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000213/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003.
Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix includes five manuscripts submitted for publication elsewhere, four co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references.

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9

Hausmann, Franziska. "The utility of linear riparian rainforest for vertebrates on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands, North Queensland /." Click here to access, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050115.105740.

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Thesis (M.Phil.) -- Griffith University, 2004.
Facsimile of the author's original dissertation. Pagination of document: x, 121 leaves. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online via the World Wide Web.

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10

Grainger, A. "The future role of the tropical rain forests in the world forest economy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377888.

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11

Levy, Ruth. "Community structure of ants in Brunei rain forest." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240586.

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12

Fayle, Tom Maurice. "Ant community structure in a rain forest microcosm." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611618.

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13

Green, James J. "Fine root dynamics in a Bornean rain forest." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335307.

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14

Brinkley, Nancy Jane. "Rain forest curriculum for upper elementary and middle grades." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1267.

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15

Samsoedin, Ismayadi. "Biodiversity and sustainability in the Bulungan Research Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia : the response of plant species to logging." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/224.

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This study reports forest structure, regeneration and the soil properties from unlogged and logged forest in the Bulungan Research Forest, Malinau District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Four sites were compared by using four 1-ha replicate plots in each of primary forest (PF), 5, 10 and 30-yr old logged forest (LF-5, LF-10, LF- 30). The tree species composition differ among forest types, as it was shown that the mean value of similarity indices for all pairs were 0.215 (for the Jaccard index) and 0.353 (for the Sorensen index). The low values for similarities among forest types were most probably caused by low numbers of species shared between each forest type. Both correlation values, r = 0.023 for Jaccard index and r = 0.031 for Sorensen index, showed no strong correlation between the similarity index (C) and the distance between forest types. This supports the use of a chronosequence approach. A total of 914 tree species with ³ 10 cm dbh were recorded from 223 genera and 65 families. There were no significant differences in mean species numbers (166 – 180/ha) among treatments. Mean density of species was lower in LF-5 and LF-10 (501/ha) than in PF or LF-30 (605/ha and 577/ha); similarly to mean basal area (LF-5, 28.5 m2/ha; LF-10, 32.6 m2/ha) vs. PF (45.8 m2/ha) and LF-30 (46.9 m2/ha). Dead wood on the forest floor was significantly higher in LF-10 (75 m3/ha) than in the other treatments. Seedlings (< 2 cm dbh) of 1,022 species were recorded from 408 genera and 111 families. The mean number of tree seedling species ranged between 170-206; the mean density of seedlings was about two-fold lower in LF-10 (2790/ha) than in the other treatments. Saplings (>2 – 9.9 cm dbh) of 802 species belonged to 241 genera and 65 families. There was a high variability in species richness across treatments (89 – 191/ha), but not in stem numbers. The Dipterocarpaceae family was dominant in all treatments, followed by the Euphorbiaceae. The soils were acidic, low in nutrients and had low to very low fertility. Both primary and logged forest areas are marginal or not suitable for sustained production of plantation crops. Logging caused soil compaction in LF-30. Although in terms of number of species and trees, amount of BA, number of saplings and seedlings LF-30 appeared to have satisfied prescriptions for a second harvest, ecologically the forest is far from mature. The Indonesian Selective Cutting and Replanting (TPTI) system may need to be revised to a 35 – 45 year cycle to ensure long-term forest productivity in terms of not only timber but other goods and ecosystem services, the value of which are never quantified in monetary terms, but can be higher than the timber revenue.

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16

Silva, J. N. M. "The behaviour of the tropical rain forest of the Brazilian Amazon after logging." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276556.

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17

Ganade, Gislene Da Silva. "Seedling establishment in Amazon rain forest and old-fields." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339196.

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18

Rose, Samuel. "A classification system for mapping tropical rain forest biodiversity." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274594.

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19

Bowell, Robert John. "The mobility of gold in tropical rain forest soils." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359171.

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20

Queenborough, Simon A. "Coexistence of the Myristicaceae in an Amazonian rain forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU207623.

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Mechanisms that have been proposed to explain species coexistence among species of tropical rain forest trees include niche partitioning of the abiotic environment, the positive and negative effects of local neighbours on reproductive success, and the impact of stochastic events and neutral demographic processes. These were investigated using 16 species of a common tree family (the Myristicaceae) on a large forest dynamics plot in Yasuni National Park in Western Amazonia using analytical methods that accounted for spatial autocorrelation in mortality, and habitat and individual stem distribution. Species groups were differentiated with respect to topography and light availability, but short-term demographic responses to topographic variation did not account for species' distributions. There was a negative relationship between established tree abundance and seedling survival across species, and individual seedling survival was strongly negatively influenced by the presence of conspecific and confamilial seedlings. Spatial autocorrelation of mortality was strong at small spatial scales but limited in its extent. There was spatiotemporal variation in both seedling recruitment and seed output. Reproductive success was determined largely by the availability of resources, but estimates of local male density also limited fruit production. I conclude that species coexistence is promoted by both niche assembly and dispersal assembly mechanisms for my study taxa. Niche differentiation permits functional groups of species to coexist. Strong negative density dependent effects restrict the potential for individual species to exclude others, and variation in seed output, dispersal and recruitment allow many rare species to persist by limiting competitive interactions.

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21

Lingenfelder, Marcus. "Rain forest dynamics and response to drought in a Bornean primary lowland dipterocarp forest /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/05lingenfelder_m.pdf.

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22

Zakaria, Maziah. "Colletotrichum diseases of forest tree nurseries in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295495.

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23

Morris, Michael William. "Amazopoly a game of survival in a tropical rain forest." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/34.

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24

Latifah, Sitti. "Inventory and quality assessment of tropical rainforests in the Lore Lindu National Park (Sulawesi, Indonesia) /." Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013215823&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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25

Evans, David Paul. "Biological indicators of forest dieback." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1992. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/biological-indicators-of-forest-dieback(514886c2-00a0-4280-aca2-a500e3e794cb).html.

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This study involved the determinations of the foliar levels of chlorophyll a and b and metal levels in the year 1, year 2 and year 3 needles of Sitka spruce. A survey was made of nineteen sites in the Afan 1 forest in South Wales. The results obtained indicates that there are two distinct types of site, namely good growth sites and poor growth sites. The poor growth sites were found to be at higher elevations. Further analyses of the results show that there is possibly an increased loss of nutrients from the trees at the poor growth sites. This may be due to increased pollution that may be present at the higher elevations. In 1987 a survey was made of the one year old epicormic tissues that were compared with the normal tissues at the 19 sites of the Afan 1 Forest There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of the chlorophylls or in any of the metals that were looked at. At the Afan 1 Forest there are observed pairs of trees that are growing quite close together, but they exhibit quite a marked difference in growth. One of the pair shows vigorous healthy growth, whilst the other is stunted and shows symptoms of decline. One such pair is found at Site 15. They are of the same age and from the same seed stock. It was found that over an eight month period, the stronger growing of the pair had significantly higher levels of chlorophyll a and b, potassium, calcium and magnesium. This may indicate increased leaching and foliar damage from the poorer growing of the pair. Three more pairs of trees together with their grafts were examined from sites' 1,5 and 6, for their levels of peroxidase enzymes. Peroxidase has been used to determine possible genetic differences in cultivars. The work yielded very little useful information. The SCOR-UNESCO equations have been widely used as a means of determining chlorophyll levels from plant extracts. A multivariate calibration method was used in conjunction with HPLC to determine the accuracy of these equations for determining the levels of chlorophyll and b. The results show revealed that the equations appear to be underestimating the chlorophyll a levels. Leading on from the HPLC work, a novel method for the separating a mixture of chlorophyll a and b was developed using packed column SFC. The method appears to be quite promising with its better resolution and faster analysis times as compared to FIPLC methods. Sitka spruce seedlings were grown in COIR (coconut husk) and were used in and were used in a central composite design to determine the effects of cadmium and copper, both singly and in combination would have upon their growth. Response surface methodology was used to determine the effects and it was found from the experiment that high levels of cadmium appeared to have an effect upon the elongation of the needles of the new shoots.

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26

Comiskey, James Andrew. "Forest structure and dynamics in the Beni Biosphere Reserve, Bolivia." Thesis, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313757.

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27

Hausmann, Franziska. "The Utility of Linear Riparian Rainforest for Vertebrates on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands, North Queensland." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365964.

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This study investigated the utility to vertebrates of upland linear riparian rainforest fragments on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands in the Australian Wet Tropics region, north Queensland. Similar linear fragments were selected, that varied in forest age and their connectivity to large areas of continuous forest:- (connected primary (N=6), isolated primary (N=5), connected secondary (N=6) and isolated secondary (N=7)). Primary sites had either never been cleared or only subject to selective logging, while secondary forest had been completely cleared and allowed to regenerate for at least 30 years. These linear fragments were contrasted with riparian sites within continuous forest sites (N=6 to 7), which were situated in State Forest or National Parks, and sites within the cleared matrix (pasture, N=6). Vertebrates surveyed were birds, ground-dwelling mammals and reptiles, particularly leaf-litter skinks. All surveys were conducted between September and December in 2001 and/or 2000. Chapter 2 investigates the effects of forest age, isolation and structural vegetation features on bird assemblages within linear riparian fragments of rainforest. Bird surveys and structural vegetation assessments were conducted within connected and isolated primary and secondary linear fragments, and compared with those of continuous forest habitat (N=6) and pasture. There were strong effects of forest age; all three types of primary rainforest had higher values than secondary rainforest for most measured attributes of vegetation structure (including canopy height and cover; and frequency of large-diameter trees, lianes, epiphytes, strangler figs; and woody debris), but lower frequencies of tree ferns and thorny scramblers. Sites within primary rainforest also had a greater frequency of many bird species across different guilds of habitat, feeding and movement. Assemblages of rainforest-dependent birds showed an effect of isolation, although its strength was less than that of forest age. Isolated fragments of primary rainforest differed significantly from continuous primary rainforest in their rainforest-dependent bird species assemblages (and had lower species richness), and isolated fragments of secondary rainforest differed from those that were connected. There was a significant association between the species composition of rainforest birds and some measured vegetation parameters across all sites, but not within primary or secondary sites. Vegetation differences did not explain the lowered frequency of several species in isolated fragments. Limited dispersal seems unlikely to be a main cause, and causal processes probably vary among species. Specialist rainforest species endemic to the Wet Tropics region showed stronger responses to present-day rainforest age and fragmentation than those not endemic. Variation in nest depredation levels associated with rainforest fragmentation (edge effects) is examined in Chapter 3. Artificial nests were placed in the forest understorey at seven edge sites where continuous forest adjoined pasture, seven interiors (about one kilometre from the edge), and six primary linear riparian forest remnants (50-100 m wide) that were connected to continuous forest. Four nest types were compared, representing different combinations of two factors; height (ground, shrub) and shape (open, domed). At each site, four nests of each type, containing one quail egg and two model plasticine eggs, were interspersed about 15 m apart within a 160 m transect. Predators were identified from marks on the plasticine eggs. The overall depredation rate was 66.5% of 320 nests' contents damaged over a three-day period. Large rodents, especially the rat Uromys caudimaculatus, and birds, especially the spotted catbird Ailuroedus melanotis, were the main predators. Mammals comprised 56.5% and birds 31.0% of identified predators, with 12.5% of unknown identity. The depredation rate did not vary among site-types, or between open and domed nests, and there were no statistically significant interactions. Nest height strongly affected depredation rates by particular types of predator; depredation rates by mammals were highest at ground nests, whereas attacks by birds were most frequent at shrub nests. These effects counterbalanced so that overall there was little net effect of nest height. Mammals accounted for 78.4% of depredated ground nests and birds for at least 47.4% of shrub nests (and possibly up to 70.1%). The main predators were species characteristic of rainforest, rather than habitat generalists, open-country or edge specialists. For birds that nest in the tropical rainforest understorey of the study region, it is unlikely that edges and linear remnants presently function as ecological population sinks due to mortality associated with increased nest depredation. The use of linear riparian remnants by small ground-dwelling mammals and reptiles (mainly leaf litter skinks), is reported in Chapter 4. Site types were continuous rainforest, connected and isolated linear fragments of both uncleared primary rainforest and secondary regrowth rainforest. Mammals were also surveyed in pasture sites. Neither reptile species richness nor abundance varied significantly among site types. Although mammal species richness varied significantly between site types, with isolated primary sites containing highest species richness, overall mammal abundance did not differ significantly among site types. Pasture sites differed significantly from all rainforest sites in their mammal species composition, and were dominated by the introduced house mouse (Mus musculus). This species was absent from all rainforest sites, which were characterised by moderate abundances of bush rat/Cape York rat Rattus fuscipes/leucopus, fawn-footed melomys Melomys cervinipes and giant white-tailed rat Uromys caudimaculatus. None of these species varied significantly in abundance among site types, although the giant white-tailed rat showed a trend (P=0.09) for reduced abundance in isolated secondary sites. A single reptile species, the prickly forest skink Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae, occurred in sufficient numbers for individual analysis, and its abundance varied significantly among the forested site types, being less abundant in all linear fragments than in continuous forest sites. The utility of linear riparian rainforest for vertebrates appears to be species-specific and involves many factors. However, overall, species endemic to the Wet Tropics (which are hence of the highest conservation significance) appear to be the most sensitive to fragmentation. These species were most likely to show altered abundances or frequencies of occurrence due to isolation, forest age, and habitat linearity. The ecology of species within this group warrants further investigation within fragmented and non-fragmented regions of the Tablelands. For many other vertebrates examined in this study, there appears to be sufficient functional connectedness between remnants on the Tablelands to minimise the effects of fragmentation. Nevertheless, the lower density of many of these species in pasture may indicate that their long-term persistence within the fragmented rainforest areas could benefit from the maintenance or establishment of habitat linkages. Certainly, if the current rainforest vegetation cover were further reduced, or if the land use in the matrix became more intensive, the establishment of specific habitat linkages could become more important as existing dispersal routes could be lost. It also appears that nest depredation levels are unlikely to limit the value of linear rainforest remnants and other small rainforest remnants as breeding habitat for birds (at least for understorey-nesting species), relative to more intact rainforest, in the study region
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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28

Orlando, Heloisa Helena R. V. "The fragmented forest : environmental conservation and legal protection in reserve areas in the Brazilian Amazon rain forest." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284285.

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29

Stoneman, Catherine. "An investigation into the relationship between anthropology and conservation of the environment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313500.

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30

SUKARDJO, Sukristijono, Akio HAGIHARA, 秋男萩原, Takuo YAMAKURA, 拓夫山倉, Husato OGAWA, and 房人小川. "Floristic composition of a tropical rain forest in Indonesian Borneo." 名古屋大学農学部付属演習林, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8669.

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31

Metcalf, Daniel James. "Seed size, litter and regeneration in tropical rain forest trees." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336743.

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32

Brown, N. D. "Dipterocarp regeneration in tropical rain forest gaps of different sizes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279886.

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33

Martinez-Sanchez, Jose Luis. "Aspects of rain forest nutrition dynamics at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311704.

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34

Dantas, Mario. "Studies on succession in cleared areas of Amazonian rain forest." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253330.

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35

Aceves, Mariana Tarin Toleda. "Effect of lianas on tree regeneration in tropical rain forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU223430.

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This study analyzed the interaction between lianas and tree seedlings in contrasting canopy openness environments. For this purpose tree and liana seedlings with distinct light requirements were planted in large and small gaps and in the forest understorey in a tropical moist semideciduous forest in Ghana. The competition for above- and below-ground resources between liana and tree seedlings was also evaluated under two levels of irradiance (7 and 27% PAR) in a shadehouse environment. The rates of growth and photosynthetic response to changes in irradiance were also compared between liana and pioneer tree seedlings in a greenhouse. The data showed that canopy openness moderated the interaction between liana and tree seedlings. The direction of the interaction was both liana and tree species specific. Liana competition effects were stronger in the sites with greater canopy openness and on the growth of the non-pioneer light demander tree, while the pioneer and non-pioneer shade bearer trees were less affected. By having differential effects on the trees, lianas could indirectly promote the regeneration of both the pioneers and the more shade tolerant species. The competition for below-ground resources had the main effects on the interaction within the first year. An increase in the effects of the above-ground competition could be expected in later years. The photosynthetic response to the increase in irradiance was similar among pioneer trees and liana species. The results indicated that lianas can limit the regeneration in big forest canopy gaps in tropical forests by outcompeting tree seedlings. Lianas might affect the forest community by altering the competitive ability of tree species during regeneration.

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36

Wan, Mohammad Syarifah Kamariah. "Effects of cyclones on tropical rain forest structure and dynamics." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29651/.

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Spatial patterns of forest trees, stand level effects of cyclones, and factors affecting mortality and growth of individual trees were investigated in 20 experimental plots (0.5 ha) in North Queensland tropical rain forests, Australia. Cyclone disturbance has been recorded in individual plots for 20 times since establishment in 1971. Spatial point patterns of trees were mapped, and pair correlation and mark correlation function were used to investigate relationships between the trees. Effects of cyclones on stand level properties of the forests (total basal area, stem densities, stem size inequality, species diversity, recruitment, mortality) were estimated using generalised additive modelling. Factors affecting individual tree mortality and growth were analysed in generalised mixed effects modelling. The spatial pattern analysis showed minor changes of tree density and tree death in the forest spatial patterns following cyclones. The models revealed that the forest properties were changed significantly. Cyclones decreasing total basal area and increased tree mortality rates and number of abundant species. Higher mortality rates are likely influenced by individual tree characteristics of low wood density, negative growth rates and belonging to particular sets of families. Factors that increase growth rates are include higher crowding effects of tree density, cyclone occurrence, crowding effects by smaller trees, and trees of some families. Slower growth rates are likely influenced by higher wood density, higher surrounding basal area of competing trees and in certain families. From this research, evidence has found for cyclones to be a factor increasing stand level mortality rates but not individual tree mortality. The dynamics from individual trees in mortality and growth, forest spatial patterns and stand level properties has characterised the tropical rain forests of North Queensland in facing frequent cyclone disturbances.

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37

Luizao, Regina C. C. "Soil biological studies in contrasting types of vegetation in central Amazonian rain forests." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2274.

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Studies were carried out in a lowland evergreen rain forest (LERF), on an ultisol, in the 'Reserva da Campina', 45 km north of Manaus, and in two facies of the highly distinct formation called heath forest, on spodosols. The spodosols had a layer of mor humus of thickness varying from nil in some parts in the smaller facies of heath forest (SHF) to 35 cm in the taller facies (THF). The overall aim was to investigate the forest soil biota and its role in nutrient turnover by comparing the SHF, THF and LERF. Microbial biomass, soil respiration and nitrogen transformation rates were measured in the three forest types in both wet and dry seasons. Field and laboratory fertilization experiments were made to investigate potential limiting nutrients for microorganisms and plants. The role of fine roots in decomposition and litter animal colonization was assessed in litter bag studies. SHF soils have a small microbial population with no net nitrification in any season. THF soils showed a variable microbial population adapted to high acidity, which immobilises nitrogen during the wet season, but which allows a net release during the dry season. LERF showed the most diverse population which causes mineralization and nitrification in both seasons. A bioassay with nutrient addition showed that the low pH, and nitrogen and sulphur supply were likely to be limiting nitrogen dynamics in all forest types, but especially in THF and LERF. The ingrowth bags showed that despite the lower values of fine root growth in the SHF (particularly when the white sand of the spodosol was used as the substrate), the roots showed in all plots an increased production with added calcium as carbonate or sulphate. In the decomposition bioassay to evaluate the role of roots in the nutrient turnover it was shown that in all forest types there was no effect of roots on the mass loss of Clitoria leaves but there was a significant effect on concentrations of some nutrients. In general, roots contributed to the accumulation of aluminium and iron and to a faster release and uptake of calcium, magnesium and zinc. A survey of the mycorrhizal associations in all forest types showed that both VAM and ECM fungi with some unknown VAM fungal species are common. VAM and ECM adaptation to low pH and high phenolic compounds in the soils may be important in the maintenance of these ecosystems.

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38

Malvido-Benitez, Julieta. "The ecology of seedlings in Central Amazonian forest fragments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361691.

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39

Costanzo, Angela J. "A quantitative survey of riparian forest structure along the Quebrada Grande in La Cangreja National Park, Costa Rica /." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2006. http://www.ranchomastatal.com/docs2/php5pk7ty%5FRiparianForestStructure%5FCostanzo.pdf.

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40

Sheil, D. "The ecology of long term change in a Ugandan rain forest." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318868.

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41

Carvalho, Joao Olegario Pereira de. "Structure and dynamics of a logged over Brazilian Amazonian rain forest." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315800.

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42

Masripatin, Nur. "Modelling growth of a tropical rain forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7671.

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A study on modelling growth of individual trees in a tropical rain forest in East Kalimantan of Indonesia using PT. ITCI and PT. INHUTANI I data was conducted with the main aims being to provide a tool for predicting growth and yield, and to offer recommendations to improve the planning of timber harvests and management of the forests. Individual tree-based distance-independent modelling was the approach used to predict diameter growth of trees in the above forests. This approach was considered to be more applicable to selection cutting and planting system called TPTI (Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia), the silvicultural system applied for achieving management goals at harvest in tropical rain forests in Indonesia. Various ways for grouping species (using maximum attainable size and growth characteristics) were examined and different functional forms (linear models, probabilistic and modified beta functions, asymptotic nonlinear equations) were tested through several steps using PT. ITCI data. An empirical approach using the above characteristics was found to offer a useful way to aggregate species for PT. ITCI data. A modified form of the Gompertz projection equation which incorporated stand attributes and locality factors proved to be the best model among functional forms tested in this study. The modified Gompertz projection form was then used to model PT. INHUTANI I and the combined PT. ITCI/PT. INHUTANI I data, using the same criteria for species aggregation as for the PT. ITCI data (maximum attainable size and growth characteristics). The overall best performance shown by the Gompertz projection equation (an asymptotic nonlinear equation) among the functional forms tested for PT. ITCI data, was the major contribution from this study to individual tree-based growth modelling research in tropical rain forests. Individual tree-based modelling in this type of forest, for reasons unknown has traditionally relied heavily on the use of linear models. Outcomes from modelling PT. ITCI, PT. INHUTANI I, and the combined PT. ITCI/PT. INHUTANI I data, provide useful insights into what further research is needed in modelling tropical rain forests in these two localities. Although the growth models developed in this study still require further improvements, these models offer a useful guide for improving silvicultural prescriptions which are currently based on an assumed tree diameter growth rate of 1 cm/year for commercial trees.

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43

Wan, Ahmad Wan Juliana. "Habitat specialisation of tree species in a Malaysian tropical rain forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368534.

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This thesis investigates the relationship between spatial distribution of tropical trees and variation in edaphic factors, particularly soil nutrient supply, and tests the importance of interspecific differences in growth rates and foliar nutrient concentrations as determinants of habitat specialisation. The distribution of some tree species at Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia, was correlated with variation in soil properties, especially available P concentrations, on a 50 ha plot. Seeding relative growth rates were highest on the alluvial soils, which had higher available P than the shale-derived soils in the absence of nutrient addition. The effect of habitat variation (characterised in terms of their nutrient and water availability) on tree growth of 115 species was examined within and between species. Overall, differences in tree growth rates between habitats correspond to variation in the pattern of nutrient supply and not water availability. Despite significant differences in growth rates between habitat types for some of the species, the differences in tree growth were a poor indicator of habitat preferences of tree species as defined by bias in their spatial distribution. Foliar nutrient concentrations of habitat generalists and two kinds of habitat specialists (alluvial and non-alluvial specialists) were compared using phylogenetically controlled comparisons. Sign tests showed only one significant difference in mean foliar nutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) concentrations between distribution categories. The distribution of the differences in foliar mg concentrations between habitat generalists and alluvial specialists was significant at P < 0.05 and suggested that Mg concentrations were significantly greater in the habitat generalists. These results suggest that foliar nutrient concentrations are unlikely to explain differences between species in their habitat associations with respect to soil types at Pasoh.

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44

Walker, Jonathan S. "Feeding ecology and rarity of frugivorous birds in tropical rain forest." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400944.

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45

Fisher, Rosie Alice. "The response of Amazonian rain forest gas exchange to reduced rainfall." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14860.

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We tested two interlinked hypotheses concerning forest responses to hydraulic stress using data collected at a through-fall exclusion (artificial droughting) experiment at Caxiuana in Eastern Amazonia. First, we tested the ‘isohydric’ hypothesis, that stomatal conductance, in water stressed conditions, operates to maintain leaf water potential above a certain critical threshold limit. We used the soil-plant-atmosphere (SPA) model to predict the expected ecophysiological behaviour of the trees, and tested these predictions against intensive diurnal cycle measurements of leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, sap flow and stem water potential. The data and the model predictions were largely consistent, indicating that the isohydric stomatal control may be the prevailing mechanism controlling water use of rain forest trees in drought stressed conditions. The model was parameterised using independent measurements of ecosystem properties and as such required no fitted parameters. The implication of this is that the response of rain forest ecosystems to drought may be predicted using soil, rooting and vegetation properties. The SPA model is both computationally and data requirement intensive. We assimilated the model and produced a set of empirical equations which replicate the daily modelled gas exchange predictions from daily model inputs. We extrapolated this model 100 years into the future using the latest Amazonian climate predictions and found that after -50 years, a threshold was reached when all the rainfall falling on the plot was evaporated (by interception, soil surface evaporation or evapotranspiration) and none was drained away into stream flow. The response of the forest in the first 50 years was modulated strongly by soil hydraulic properties and rooting depth, and we conclude that increased field measurements of these properties are necessary if the response of Amazonian forests to anticipated drying is to be accurately predicted.

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46

Baker, Timothy Russell. "Spatial and temporal patterns of growth in Ghanaian tropical rain forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU603191.

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This thesis tests the hypothesis that variation in water supply, nutrient availability and irradiance determined variation in tree growth along local and regional gradients of resource availability, and over time, in Ghanaian forests. Regional variation in soil water availability determined seasonal patterns of diameter change of Celtis mildbraedii and Strombosia glaucescens in semi-deciduous and evergreen forest, over two years. However, in a semi-deciduous forest, annualized diameter increment of Celtis mildbraedii was higher in summit and slope, compared to valley, positions after two years, even though trees in valley positions experienced a shorter effective dry season. Growth was also greater in the semi-deciduous than the evergreen forest in the second year of the study. These patterns suggest that concentrations of N in soil over topographic gradients, and concentrations of available P and the base cations over regional scales, may be important determinants of growth. Dry season stem shrinkage in semi-deciduous forest can comprise up to 0.5% of tree diameter, and varies between years. Re-enumeration of forest plots in seasonal climates should be carried out over whole year intervals, during the wet season, to minimise bias derived from variation in tree water status. In a semi-deciduous forest, no relationship was found between topography and six year growth rates of two common species or of six functional types defined on the basis of regeneration strategy and regional distribution pattern. However, within this forest, and in a comparison within five different forests across the regional gradient of rainfall and soil fertility, pioneer species with distributions biased towards drier forests had significantly higher growth rates than pioneer species associated with wetter forests. Variation in growth of dry forest pioneer species explained more than half the total variation in stand-level growth rates, demonstrating that it is the presence of abundant, potentially large, fast growing pioneer species in more seasonal forest types that generate regional scale variation in forest growth. These results indicate that the environmental variables found to determine growth are dependent on the scale of the study and the magnitude of the gradient in resources being compared. Variation in soil fertility over regional rainfall gradients in tropical forests has a significant impact on variation in tree growth, within and between species, and at the stand-level.

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47

Osada, Noriyuki. "LEAF DYNAMICS AND MAINTENANCE OF TREE CROWNSIN A MALAYSIAN RAIN FOREST." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150350.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9212号
農博第1217号
新制||農||834(附属図書館)
学位論文||H13||N3596(農学部図書室)
UT51-2001-R761
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授武田博清, 教授東順一, 教授谷誠
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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48

Vasconcelos, Heraldo Luis de. "Interactions between leaf-cutting ants and forest regeneration in Amazonia." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240002.

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49

Pendry, Colin A. "Ecological studies on rain forests at three altitudes on Bukit Belalong, Brunei." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3502.

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Altitudinal zonation of rain forests was investigated on Bukit Belalong (913m), Brunei. Mean annual rainfall was 4100mm at 45m and 5500mm at 913m. Mean annual temperatureswere 25.7°C (45m) and 21.8°C (913m). Three 0.25ha plots were set up at each of three altitudes. At 200m and 500m there was evergreen lowland rain forest and at 850m there was lower montane rain forest (LMRF). The Dipterocarpaceae had the highest proportion of basal area throughout, but their importance declined in the LMRF where the Fagaceae, Myrtaceae and Lauraceae were increasingly important. Soils in the LMRF were more organic and had higher concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus and the soils from 500m were the most acid and least base saturated. Rates of nitrogen mineralisation and soil concentrations of inorganic nitrogen did not differ significantly among altitudes. The rates (t ha-1 yr-1) of total small litterfall and leaf litterfall were significantly lower in the LMRF (10.6 and 7.9 at 200m; 10.5 and 7.9 at 500m; 8.3 and 6.0 at 850m). Litterfall nutrient concentrations were similar among altitudes, but smaller quantities of litterfall nutrients were cycled at 850m. The mass (t ha-1) of the small litter layer was similar throughout (5.2 at 200m; 6.1 at 500m; 5.2 at 850m) but leaf litter kL values were lower at 850m (2.4 at 200m; 2.4 at 500m; 2.0 at 850m). Fine root (<5mm) mass (t ha-1) in the top 100cm of soil was 8.3 (200m); 12.0 (500m); 10.6 (850m). Rates (t ha-1 yr-1) of fine root growth (estimated by ingrowth bags) were 0.9 (200m); 2.2 (500m); 0.5 (850m). A bioassay experiment using rice was made at 30m and 913m. Nutrients were more limiting in the montane soil, but climate was of overriding importance for rice growth. It seems that the LMRF is not nutrient limited and the lower temperatures at 850m are the primary cause of the change in species composition and reduction of stature there.

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50

Setiadi, Yadi. "The practical application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for reforestation in Indonesia." Thesis, University of Kent, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282509.

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