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1
Manokaran, N. "Population dynamics of tropical forest trees." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59678.
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Valencia, Niels. "Ecology of forests on the western slopes of the Peruvian Andes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=128343.
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Dry cloud forests on the western slopes of the Peruvian Andes were mapped from aerial photographs, 306 stands being recorded from 4o50'S to 12o47'S. The frequency and area of these stands, as well as most parameters analyzed in the eight sample sites, show a steep decreasing latitudinal trend and are strongly correlated with the latitudinal rainfall gradient. The mean area of the forest stands decreases from 115 ha in northern Peru to 42 ha in central Peru. The number of species recorded decreases along the study area from 52 to 13 and there is a well defined latitudinal sequence of species. Mean density and basal area per hectare of stems ≥10 cm gbh decreases from 2995 individuals and 79.91 m^2 in the north to 500 individuals and 17.27 m^2 in central Peru. The vertical structure is similar throughout the study area, emergent trees reaching on average 22 m and the main canopy 12 m in the north and 13 m and 7 m respectively in central Peru. Regeneration is very active in northern Peru. Juveniles have been found for a high proportion of species, including all common ones, and most species show a logarithmic decline in number of stems with increasing girth. There is a steep decreasing trend towards central Peru, where few species regenerate, mostly shrubs. The pattern found may be the result of the combined effect of grazing and a climatic change towards drier conditions evidenced in the regeneration pattern of most sites.
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Poels, R. L. H. "Soils, water and nutrients in a forest ecosystem in Suriname." Wageningen : Agricultural University, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23819734.html.
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Levy, Ruth. "Community structure of ants in Brunei rain forest." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240586.
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Green, James J. "Fine root dynamics in a Bornean rain forest." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335307.
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Hausmann, Franziska. "The utility of linear riparian rainforest for vertebrates on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands, North Queensland /." Click here to access, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050115.105740.
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Thesis (M.Phil.) -- Griffith University, 2004.Facsimile of the author's original dissertation. Pagination of document: x, 121 leaves. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online via the World Wide Web.
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Malvido-Benitez, Julieta. "The ecology of seedlings in Central Amazonian forest fragments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361691.
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Brinkley, Nancy Jane. "Rain forest curriculum for upper elementary and middle grades." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1267.
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Sheil, D. "The ecology of long term change in a Ugandan rain forest." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318868.
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Walker, Jonathan S. "Feeding ecology and rarity of frugivorous birds in tropical rain forest." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400944.
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Wan, Ahmad Wan Juliana. "Habitat specialisation of tree species in a Malaysian tropical rain forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368534.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between spatial distribution of tropical trees and variation in edaphic factors, particularly soil nutrient supply, and tests the importance of interspecific differences in growth rates and foliar nutrient concentrations as determinants of habitat specialisation. The distribution of some tree species at Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia, was correlated with variation in soil properties, especially available P concentrations, on a 50 ha plot. Seeding relative growth rates were highest on the alluvial soils, which had higher available P than the shale-derived soils in the absence of nutrient addition. The effect of habitat variation (characterised in terms of their nutrient and water availability) on tree growth of 115 species was examined within and between species. Overall, differences in tree growth rates between habitats correspond to variation in the pattern of nutrient supply and not water availability. Despite significant differences in growth rates between habitat types for some of the species, the differences in tree growth were a poor indicator of habitat preferences of tree species as defined by bias in their spatial distribution. Foliar nutrient concentrations of habitat generalists and two kinds of habitat specialists (alluvial and non-alluvial specialists) were compared using phylogenetically controlled comparisons. Sign tests showed only one significant difference in mean foliar nutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) concentrations between distribution categories. The distribution of the differences in foliar mg concentrations between habitat generalists and alluvial specialists was significant at P < 0.05 and suggested that Mg concentrations were significantly greater in the habitat generalists. These results suggest that foliar nutrient concentrations are unlikely to explain differences between species in their habitat associations with respect to soil types at Pasoh.
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Hausmann, Franziska. "The Utility of Linear Riparian Rainforest for Vertebrates on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands, North Queensland." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365964.
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This study investigated the utility to vertebrates of upland linear riparian rainforest fragments on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands in the Australian Wet Tropics region, north Queensland. Similar linear fragments were selected, that varied in forest age and their connectivity to large areas of continuous forest:- (connected primary (N=6), isolated primary (N=5), connected secondary (N=6) and isolated secondary (N=7)). Primary sites had either never been cleared or only subject to selective logging, while secondary forest had been completely cleared and allowed to regenerate for at least 30 years. These linear fragments were contrasted with riparian sites within continuous forest sites (N=6 to 7), which were situated in State Forest or National Parks, and sites within the cleared matrix (pasture, N=6). Vertebrates surveyed were birds, ground-dwelling mammals and reptiles, particularly leaf-litter skinks. All surveys were conducted between September and December in 2001 and/or 2000. Chapter 2 investigates the effects of forest age, isolation and structural vegetation features on bird assemblages within linear riparian fragments of rainforest. Bird surveys and structural vegetation assessments were conducted within connected and isolated primary and secondary linear fragments, and compared with those of continuous forest habitat (N=6) and pasture. There were strong effects of forest age; all three types of primary rainforest had higher values than secondary rainforest for most measured attributes of vegetation structure (including canopy height and cover; and frequency of large-diameter trees, lianes, epiphytes, strangler figs; and woody debris), but lower frequencies of tree ferns and thorny scramblers. Sites within primary rainforest also had a greater frequency of many bird species across different guilds of habitat, feeding and movement. Assemblages of rainforest-dependent birds showed an effect of isolation, although its strength was less than that of forest age. Isolated fragments of primary rainforest differed significantly from continuous primary rainforest in their rainforest-dependent bird species assemblages (and had lower species richness), and isolated fragments of secondary rainforest differed from those that were connected. There was a significant association between the species composition of rainforest birds and some measured vegetation parameters across all sites, but not within primary or secondary sites. Vegetation differences did not explain the lowered frequency of several species in isolated fragments. Limited dispersal seems unlikely to be a main cause, and causal processes probably vary among species. Specialist rainforest species endemic to the Wet Tropics region showed stronger responses to present-day rainforest age and fragmentation than those not endemic. Variation in nest depredation levels associated with rainforest fragmentation (edge effects) is examined in Chapter 3. Artificial nests were placed in the forest understorey at seven edge sites where continuous forest adjoined pasture, seven interiors (about one kilometre from the edge), and six primary linear riparian forest remnants (50-100 m wide) that were connected to continuous forest. Four nest types were compared, representing different combinations of two factors; height (ground, shrub) and shape (open, domed). At each site, four nests of each type, containing one quail egg and two model plasticine eggs, were interspersed about 15 m apart within a 160 m transect. Predators were identified from marks on the plasticine eggs. The overall depredation rate was 66.5% of 320 nests' contents damaged over a three-day period. Large rodents, especially the rat Uromys caudimaculatus, and birds, especially the spotted catbird Ailuroedus melanotis, were the main predators. Mammals comprised 56.5% and birds 31.0% of identified predators, with 12.5% of unknown identity. The depredation rate did not vary among site-types, or between open and domed nests, and there were no statistically significant interactions. Nest height strongly affected depredation rates by particular types of predator; depredation rates by mammals were highest at ground nests, whereas attacks by birds were most frequent at shrub nests. These effects counterbalanced so that overall there was little net effect of nest height. Mammals accounted for 78.4% of depredated ground nests and birds for at least 47.4% of shrub nests (and possibly up to 70.1%). The main predators were species characteristic of rainforest, rather than habitat generalists, open-country or edge specialists. For birds that nest in the tropical rainforest understorey of the study region, it is unlikely that edges and linear remnants presently function as ecological population sinks due to mortality associated with increased nest depredation. The use of linear riparian remnants by small ground-dwelling mammals and reptiles (mainly leaf litter skinks), is reported in Chapter 4. Site types were continuous rainforest, connected and isolated linear fragments of both uncleared primary rainforest and secondary regrowth rainforest. Mammals were also surveyed in pasture sites. Neither reptile species richness nor abundance varied significantly among site types. Although mammal species richness varied significantly between site types, with isolated primary sites containing highest species richness, overall mammal abundance did not differ significantly among site types. Pasture sites differed significantly from all rainforest sites in their mammal species composition, and were dominated by the introduced house mouse (Mus musculus). This species was absent from all rainforest sites, which were characterised by moderate abundances of bush rat/Cape York rat Rattus fuscipes/leucopus, fawn-footed melomys Melomys cervinipes and giant white-tailed rat Uromys caudimaculatus. None of these species varied significantly in abundance among site types, although the giant white-tailed rat showed a trend (P=0.09) for reduced abundance in isolated secondary sites. A single reptile species, the prickly forest skink Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae, occurred in sufficient numbers for individual analysis, and its abundance varied significantly among the forested site types, being less abundant in all linear fragments than in continuous forest sites. The utility of linear riparian rainforest for vertebrates appears to be species-specific and involves many factors. However, overall, species endemic to the Wet Tropics (which are hence of the highest conservation significance) appear to be the most sensitive to fragmentation. These species were most likely to show altered abundances or frequencies of occurrence due to isolation, forest age, and habitat linearity. The ecology of species within this group warrants further investigation within fragmented and non-fragmented regions of the Tablelands. For many other vertebrates examined in this study, there appears to be sufficient functional connectedness between remnants on the Tablelands to minimise the effects of fragmentation. Nevertheless, the lower density of many of these species in pasture may indicate that their long-term persistence within the fragmented rainforest areas could benefit from the maintenance or establishment of habitat linkages. Certainly, if the current rainforest vegetation cover were further reduced, or if the land use in the matrix became more intensive, the establishment of specific habitat linkages could become more important as existing dispersal routes could be lost. It also appears that nest depredation levels are unlikely to limit the value of linear rainforest remnants and other small rainforest remnants as breeding habitat for birds (at least for understorey-nesting species), relative to more intact rainforest, in the study regionThesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Brown, N. D. "Dipterocarp regeneration in tropical rain forest gaps of different sizes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279886.
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Kennedy, Donald Niall. "The role of colonising species in the regeneration of dipterocarp rain forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU548037.
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Regeneration of colonising species following disturbance of primary tropical rain forest in Malaysia was studied in artificial gaps ranging in size up to 30% canopy openness. Effects of gap size on soil temperature and water status were investigated. Spatial variation in density and composition of the soil seed bank beneath undisturbed forest was assessed by germination from soil samples, and seed rain was sampled using seed traps. Seed germination, seedling survival and seedling growth were monitored for two years in gaps and beneath intact canopy. Effects on colonisation of gap size, disturbance to microsite and competition from advance regeneration were studied. Maximum soil temperatures increased with gap size but minimum temperature was unaffected. Soil water content showed no relationship with gap size, but might be higher in gaps than forest after dry periods. Primary forest soil seed bank density was very high (mean 1904 seeds m-2). Climbing shrubs/lianes contributed approximately 75% of seedlings and 50% of taxa. Trees accounted for about 25% composition of taxa, but only 15% of seedlings. Soil seed bank composition differed little among primary forest sites. Similarities in composition between one site and secondary forest possibly reflected recent disturbance. Current seed rain intensity was low, very variable, and not consistently different between gaps and closed forest. Germination in the two years after gap creation was < 5% of the soil seed bank, and appeared greatest in medium-sized gaps. Most germination and accession of new taxa occurred in year one, but both continued at low levels during year two. Ordination analysis suggested that some colonising species regenerated only in large gaps. Both exposure and scarification of the soil increased germination, but had no consistent effects on seedling survival or growth. Competition from advance regeneration was potentially important, increasing mortality and reducing maximum growth rate among colonising seedlings.
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Liston, Katharine Ann. "Impacts of environment on dipterocarp seedlings : insect herbivores, gaps and forest type in a Malesian tropical rain forest." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369932.
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Costanzo, Angela J. "A quantitative survey of riparian forest structure along the Quebrada Grande in La Cangreja National Park, Costa Rica /." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2006. http://www.ranchomastatal.com/docs2/php5pk7ty%5FRiparianForestStructure%5FCostanzo.pdf.
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Mitchell, Thomas Carly. "The ecology of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) trees in primary lowland mixed Dipterocarp forest, Brunei." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251702.
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Lambert, Frank R. "Fig-eating and seed dispersal by birds in a Malaysian lowland rain forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU010096.
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This study investigates avian fig-eating and Ficus seed dispersal in a patch of lowland rainforest at Kuala Lompat, Peninsular Malaysia, in the period March 1984 to April 1987.Of 38 Ficus species identified in c.2 km2 of forest, 29 possessed seeds primarily dispersed by birds. A phenological study of these species showed that figs were available in every month, and that the Ficus community exhibited distinct aseasonal fruiting rhythms. Nevertheless, crops of large figs (>25mm mean dimension) were rare, with only 13--16 large-fruited fig-patches per km2 of forest per year. The 60 bird species which ate figs at Kaula Lompat partitioned the fig resource according to fruit size, even though the soft nature of figs enabled birds of all sizes to feed on figs of all sizes. All birds, except some pigeons, rapidly defaecated ingested Ficus seeds. Treron pigeons were specialised fig-seed predators, and were found to eat large proportions of some fig crops; c.30% in one studied fruiting. Radiotracking and observations of foraging birds showed that many species stayed close to large fruit patches. As a consequence of this behaviour, and rapid gut-passage rates for Ficus seeds, seed shadows of bird-dispersed Ficus are anticipated to be leptokurtic. The most important Ficus seed dispersal agents, in terms of long distance dispersal, are predicted to be the larger, specialised frugivorous birds. Bird-dispersed Ficus at Kuala Lompat were all epiphytic species, growing predominantly on large commercial timber trees. Selective logging of lowland forest is therefore predicted to severely deplete the density of bird-dispersed Ficus, especially those species with large figs. Birds particularly dependent on such figs, such as Treron capellei and some of the hornbills, are severely threatened by such practices. Recommendations are made to promote the survival of these vulnerable bird species.
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Scholtz, Olivia Ingrid. "Inter-continental patterns in the fine-scale spatial ecology of rain forest termites." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/293.
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In this thesis I describe fine-scale spatial patterns in rain forest termites, from the colony to the assemblage level, sampled from one hectare plots in Central African and South East Asian lowland rain forest. By so doing the ecological interactions that structure this functionally important and abundant soil community were identified. The African termite assemblage, dominated by soil-feeding termites, saturated the upper soil profile (collected from 90% of soil pits). In contrast termites were collected from <50% of soil pits in Asia, with this difference reflecting the lower species densities and abundances of soil-feeding termites in Asian forests. Territoriality and inter-specific competition was shown to be important between colonies of soil-feeding species in the African plot. The termite assemblages were spatially associated with several environmental properties. However these could not explain the spatial patterns in the functional components of the assemblages. Wood-feeding termites were highly patchily distributed, due to the heterogeneous nature of their food material, but also due to possible competitive interactions for this. Humus-feeding termites were homogenously structured, due to the continuous nature of soil as their feeding and nesting material. True soil-feeding termites, unique to the African assemblage, were heterogeneously distributed despite the equally continuous nature of their feeding and nesting material. This structure may arise from facilitative interactions, such as co-operative defence against ant predation which may be intense in African systems, or through the transfer of soil material at different stages of decomposition. Competition for space is apparent in both regions, both at the colony level among soil-feeding genera, and between aggregations of functional groups. Positive and negative biotic interactions, operating at various spatial and functional scales, appear to be important in influencing how assemblage composition is spatially structured. If indeed facilitation is important in maintaining the taxonomic and functional diversity in termite assemblages, it would be valuable to confirm the mechanism(s) that drives this (i.e. predation and/or food transfer), as these may then influence ecosystem stability.
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Barrett, Eamonn Bernard Michael. "The ecology of some nocturnal arboreal mammals in the rain forest of Peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250856.
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Villela, Dora Maria. "Nutrient cycling in a monodominant and other rain forest types on Maraca Island, Brazil." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296770.
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Gibbons, James M. "Water relations, phenology and drought adaptation of understorey trees in tropical lowland rain forest." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298566.
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Fishlock, Victoria L. "Bai use in forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) : ecology, sociality & risk." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2758.
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Forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) sociality is relatively little-studied due to the difficulties of making direct observations in rainforests. In Central Africa elephants aggregate at large natural forest clearings known as bais, which have been postulated to offer social benefits in addition to nutritional resources. This thesis explores the role of these clearings as social arenas by examining bai use within three main themes; ecology, sociality and risk factors. Seasonal changes in elephant use of the Maya Nord bai (Republic of Congo) are described, along with the demography of the visiting population. Elephant visit rate was highly variable; the number of elephants using Maya Nord in an observation day ranged from 0 to 117 animals. This variability was unrelated to local resource availability and productivity suggesting that bai use occurs year round. Elephants in Odzala-Kokoua do not show high fidelity to a single clearing; 454 elephants were individually identified and re-sighted an average of 1.76 times (range 1-10) during the twelve month study period. Previous bai studies have yet to quantify how elephants associate with one another within the bai area. This study examines socio-spatial organisation and associate choice using two measures of association within the 0.23 km2 bai area; aggregations (all elephants present in the clearing) and parties (elephants spatially co-ordinated in activity and movement) and distinguishes these from parties that range together (i.e. arrive and leave together). Social network analyses (SocProg) were used to describe inter- and intra-sexual multi-level organisation in the bai environment, and to illustrate the non-random nature of elephant aggregations and parties. Bais were shown to function as social arenas; female elephants showed active choice of certain associates and active avoidance of others when creating parties, whereas males were less discriminatory. Parties formed in the clearing (mean size= 3.93, SE= 0.186) were larger than ranging parties (mean size= 2.71, SE= 0.084) and elephants stayed for 50% longer in the clearing when they associated with individuals from outside their ranging party. Inter- and intra-sexual relationships were maintained within the clearing, and these are suggested to offer elephants essential opportunities for social learning. The patterning and nature of the relationships observed at the Maya Nord clearing indicates that forest elephants use a fission-fusion social structure similar to that of savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana africana); relationships are significantly structured by age- and sex- and underpinned by individual identity. Old experienced females hold key roles for forest elephants, and male relationships are superimposed on the network of female associations. Odzala-Kokoua elephants use bais to maintain their social relationships despite being highly sensitive to the anthropogenic risks involved in using these open areas. The results of this study suggest that forest and savannah elephants lie on the same social continuum, balancing social “pulls” to aggregate against the ecological “pushes” that force groups to fission. Previous models of savannah elephant sociality construct levels of association and social complexity upwards from the basic mother-calf unit (e.g. Wittemyer & Getz 2007). My results suggest that it may be more appropriate to consider elephant sociality and associations as in dynamic equilibrium between social and ecological influences acting at all levels of grouping, and to explicitly test how these underlie the opportunity costs that elephants are willing to pay in order to maintain social groupings.
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McDonald, M. Christine. "Ecosystem resilience and the restoration of damaged plant communities : a discussion focusing on Australian case studies /." View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030625.095246/index.html.
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Pfrommer, Albrecht. "Seed dispersal ecology of Leonia cymosa (Violaceae) in the rain forest of Eastern Ecuador." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2009/3712/.
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Morris, Michael William. "Amazopoly a game of survival in a tropical rain forest." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/34.
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Luizao, Regina C. C. "Soil biological studies in contrasting types of vegetation in central Amazonian rain forests." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2274.
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Studies were carried out in a lowland evergreen rain forest (LERF), on an ultisol, in the 'Reserva da Campina', 45 km north of Manaus, and in two facies of the highly distinct formation called heath forest, on spodosols. The spodosols had a layer of mor humus of thickness varying from nil in some parts in the smaller facies of heath forest (SHF) to 35 cm in the taller facies (THF). The overall aim was to investigate the forest soil biota and its role in nutrient turnover by comparing the SHF, THF and LERF. Microbial biomass, soil respiration and nitrogen transformation rates were measured in the three forest types in both wet and dry seasons. Field and laboratory fertilization experiments were made to investigate potential limiting nutrients for microorganisms and plants. The role of fine roots in decomposition and litter animal colonization was assessed in litter bag studies. SHF soils have a small microbial population with no net nitrification in any season. THF soils showed a variable microbial population adapted to high acidity, which immobilises nitrogen during the wet season, but which allows a net release during the dry season. LERF showed the most diverse population which causes mineralization and nitrification in both seasons. A bioassay with nutrient addition showed that the low pH, and nitrogen and sulphur supply were likely to be limiting nitrogen dynamics in all forest types, but especially in THF and LERF. The ingrowth bags showed that despite the lower values of fine root growth in the SHF (particularly when the white sand of the spodosol was used as the substrate), the roots showed in all plots an increased production with added calcium as carbonate or sulphate. In the decomposition bioassay to evaluate the role of roots in the nutrient turnover it was shown that in all forest types there was no effect of roots on the mass loss of Clitoria leaves but there was a significant effect on concentrations of some nutrients. In general, roots contributed to the accumulation of aluminium and iron and to a faster release and uptake of calcium, magnesium and zinc. A survey of the mycorrhizal associations in all forest types showed that both VAM and ECM fungi with some unknown VAM fungal species are common. VAM and ECM adaptation to low pH and high phenolic compounds in the soils may be important in the maintenance of these ecosystems.
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Cornelius, Cintia. "Genetic and demographic consequences of human-driven landscape changes on bird populations the case of Aphrastura spinicauda (Furnariidae) in the temperate rainforest of South America /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2006. http://etd.umsl.edu/r1821.
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Samsoedin, Ismayadi. "Biodiversity and sustainability in the Bulungan Research Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia : the response of plant species to logging." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/224.
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This study reports forest structure, regeneration and the soil properties from unlogged and logged forest in the Bulungan Research Forest, Malinau District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Four sites were compared by using four 1-ha replicate plots in each of primary forest (PF), 5, 10 and 30-yr old logged forest (LF-5, LF-10, LF- 30). The tree species composition differ among forest types, as it was shown that the mean value of similarity indices for all pairs were 0.215 (for the Jaccard index) and 0.353 (for the Sorensen index). The low values for similarities among forest types were most probably caused by low numbers of species shared between each forest type. Both correlation values, r = 0.023 for Jaccard index and r = 0.031 for Sorensen index, showed no strong correlation between the similarity index (C) and the distance between forest types. This supports the use of a chronosequence approach. A total of 914 tree species with ³ 10 cm dbh were recorded from 223 genera and 65 families. There were no significant differences in mean species numbers (166 – 180/ha) among treatments. Mean density of species was lower in LF-5 and LF-10 (501/ha) than in PF or LF-30 (605/ha and 577/ha); similarly to mean basal area (LF-5, 28.5 m2/ha; LF-10, 32.6 m2/ha) vs. PF (45.8 m2/ha) and LF-30 (46.9 m2/ha). Dead wood on the forest floor was significantly higher in LF-10 (75 m3/ha) than in the other treatments. Seedlings (< 2 cm dbh) of 1,022 species were recorded from 408 genera and 111 families. The mean number of tree seedling species ranged between 170-206; the mean density of seedlings was about two-fold lower in LF-10 (2790/ha) than in the other treatments. Saplings (>2 – 9.9 cm dbh) of 802 species belonged to 241 genera and 65 families. There was a high variability in species richness across treatments (89 – 191/ha), but not in stem numbers. The Dipterocarpaceae family was dominant in all treatments, followed by the Euphorbiaceae. The soils were acidic, low in nutrients and had low to very low fertility. Both primary and logged forest areas are marginal or not suitable for sustained production of plantation crops. Logging caused soil compaction in LF-30. Although in terms of number of species and trees, amount of BA, number of saplings and seedlings LF-30 appeared to have satisfied prescriptions for a second harvest, ecologically the forest is far from mature. The Indonesian Selective Cutting and Replanting (TPTI) system may need to be revised to a 35 – 45 year cycle to ensure long-term forest productivity in terms of not only timber but other goods and ecosystem services, the value of which are never quantified in monetary terms, but can be higher than the timber revenue.
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Kariuki, Maina. "Modelling dynamics including recruitment, growth, and mortality for sustainable management in uneven-aged mixed-species rainforests." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/27/.
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Sizer, Nigel Christopher. "The impact of edge formation on regeneration and litterall in a tropical rain forest fragment in Amazonia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241207.
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Zipperlen, Simon Weston. "Ecophysiology of tropical rain forest seedlings (Dipterocarpaceae) : growth, gas-exchange and light utilisation in contrasting light environments." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264643.
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Greenwood, David Robert. "The foliar physiognomic analysis and taphonomy of leaf beds derived from modern Australia rainforest." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg8165.pdf.
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Ilstedt, Ulrik. "Soil degradation and rehabilitation in humid tropical forests (Sabah, Malaysia) /." Umeå : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000233/.
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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002.Abstract inserted. Appendix reprints four papers and manuscripts co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
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Richards, Michael. "Economic incentives for the sustainable management and conservation of tropical forests." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2007. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/economic-incentives-for-the-sustainable-management-and-conservation-of-tropical-forests(eb11e629-42d7-4fbf-924c-769ac6a42471).html.
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This PhD by Publication traces through 13 of my publications on economic incentives for forest management and conservation in tropical countries (with a regional bias towards Latin America), including several papers focused on participatory forest management or community-based conservation. The papers show how my thinking has evolved from a focus on market and nonmarket incentives, to an increasing emphasis on governance and regulatory incentives in explaining stakeholder behaviour to the forest resource, as well as the equity impacts. They reveal that positive incentives and win-win (environmental and poverty reduction) outcomes will only emerge when the underlying market, policy and institutional failures are tackled. Because of their public good values, the survival of tropical forests is contingent on the actions of the international community and governments. Sustainable forestry, therefore, depends on a combination of domestic governance progress to control illegal logging and the rent-seeking powers of vested interest groups, global governance regulations which create markets for environmental services, secure property rights for resident stakeholders and extra-sectoral policies that moderate land use opportunity costs. The current main hope for tropical forests is 'avoided deforestation' since this will need to tackle the forest governance problems and underlying multi-sectoral drivers of deforestation if it is to be successful. It represents a balanced market (payments for ecosystem services) and supply-side (improved governance) response to what is essentially a 'public goods' management problem, but will need to overcome some major political economy challenges.
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Beckwith, Robaire Stephen. "The ecology and behaviour of the Javan black langur, in lower montane rain forest, West Java." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252001.
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Tobón, Marin Conrado. "Monitoring and modelling hydrological fluxes in support of nutrient cycling studies in Amazonian rain forest ecosystems." Wageningen, The Netherlands : Tropendos Foundation, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43455503.html.
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Ruzicka, Stepan. "Soil biological properties in damaged Picea abies (L.) Karst, ecosystems in Bohemia, Czech Republic." Thesis, University of East London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359993.
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Hausmann, Franziska, and n/a. "The Utility of Linear Riparian Rainforest for Vertebrates on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands, North Queensland." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050115.105740.
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This study investigated the utility to vertebrates of upland linear riparian rainforest fragments on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands in the Australian Wet Tropics region, north Queensland. Similar linear fragments were selected, that varied in forest age and their connectivity to large areas of continuous forest:- (connected primary (N=6), isolated primary (N=5), connected secondary (N=6) and isolated secondary (N=7)). Primary sites had either never been cleared or only subject to selective logging, while secondary forest had been completely cleared and allowed to regenerate for at least 30 years. These linear fragments were contrasted with riparian sites within continuous forest sites (N=6 to 7), which were situated in State Forest or National Parks, and sites within the cleared matrix (pasture, N=6). Vertebrates surveyed were birds, ground-dwelling mammals and reptiles, particularly leaf-litter skinks. All surveys were conducted between September and December in 2001 and/or 2000. Chapter 2 investigates the effects of forest age, isolation and structural vegetation features on bird assemblages within linear riparian fragments of rainforest. Bird surveys and structural vegetation assessments were conducted within connected and isolated primary and secondary linear fragments, and compared with those of continuous forest habitat (N=6) and pasture. There were strong effects of forest age; all three types of primary rainforest had higher values than secondary rainforest for most measured attributes of vegetation structure (including canopy height and cover; and frequency of large-diameter trees, lianes, epiphytes, strangler figs; and woody debris), but lower frequencies of tree ferns and thorny scramblers. Sites within primary rainforest also had a greater frequency of many bird species across different guilds of habitat, feeding and movement. Assemblages of rainforest-dependent birds showed an effect of isolation, although its strength was less than that of forest age. Isolated fragments of primary rainforest differed significantly from continuous primary rainforest in their rainforest-dependent bird species assemblages (and had lower species richness), and isolated fragments of secondary rainforest differed from those that were connected. There was a significant association between the species composition of rainforest birds and some measured vegetation parameters across all sites, but not within primary or secondary sites. Vegetation differences did not explain the lowered frequency of several species in isolated fragments. Limited dispersal seems unlikely to be a main cause, and causal processes probably vary among species. Specialist rainforest species endemic to the Wet Tropics region showed stronger responses to present-day rainforest age and fragmentation than those not endemic. Variation in nest depredation levels associated with rainforest fragmentation (edge effects) is examined in Chapter 3. Artificial nests were placed in the forest understorey at seven edge sites where continuous forest adjoined pasture, seven interiors (about one kilometre from the edge), and six primary linear riparian forest remnants (50-100 m wide) that were connected to continuous forest. Four nest types were compared, representing different combinations of two factors; height (ground, shrub) and shape (open, domed). At each site, four nests of each type, containing one quail egg and two model plasticine eggs, were interspersed about 15 m apart within a 160 m transect. Predators were identified from marks on the plasticine eggs. The overall depredation rate was 66.5% of 320 nests' contents damaged over a three-day period. Large rodents, especially the rat Uromys caudimaculatus, and birds, especially the spotted catbird Ailuroedus melanotis, were the main predators. Mammals comprised 56.5% and birds 31.0% of identified predators, with 12.5% of unknown identity. The depredation rate did not vary among site-types, or between open and domed nests, and there were no statistically significant interactions. Nest height strongly affected depredation rates by particular types of predator; depredation rates by mammals were highest at ground nests, whereas attacks by birds were most frequent at shrub nests. These effects counterbalanced so that overall there was little net effect of nest height. Mammals accounted for 78.4% of depredated ground nests and birds for at least 47.4% of shrub nests (and possibly up to 70.1%). The main predators were species characteristic of rainforest, rather than habitat generalists, open-country or edge specialists. For birds that nest in the tropical rainforest understorey of the study region, it is unlikely that edges and linear remnants presently function as ecological population sinks due to mortality associated with increased nest depredation. The use of linear riparian remnants by small ground-dwelling mammals and reptiles (mainly leaf litter skinks), is reported in Chapter 4. Site types were continuous rainforest, connected and isolated linear fragments of both uncleared primary rainforest and secondary regrowth rainforest. Mammals were also surveyed in pasture sites. Neither reptile species richness nor abundance varied significantly among site types. Although mammal species richness varied significantly between site types, with isolated primary sites containing highest species richness, overall mammal abundance did not differ significantly among site types. Pasture sites differed significantly from all rainforest sites in their mammal species composition, and were dominated by the introduced house mouse (Mus musculus). This species was absent from all rainforest sites, which were characterised by moderate abundances of bush rat/Cape York rat Rattus fuscipes/leucopus, fawn-footed melomys Melomys cervinipes and giant white-tailed rat Uromys caudimaculatus. None of these species varied significantly in abundance among site types, although the giant white-tailed rat showed a trend (P=0.09) for reduced abundance in isolated secondary sites. A single reptile species, the prickly forest skink Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae, occurred in sufficient numbers for individual analysis, and its abundance varied significantly among the forested site types, being less abundant in all linear fragments than in continuous forest sites. The utility of linear riparian rainforest for vertebrates appears to be species-specific and involves many factors. However, overall, species endemic to the Wet Tropics (which are hence of the highest conservation significance) appear to be the most sensitive to fragmentation. These species were most likely to show altered abundances or frequencies of occurrence due to isolation, forest age, and habitat linearity. The ecology of species within this group warrants further investigation within fragmented and non-fragmented regions of the Tablelands. For many other vertebrates examined in this study, there appears to be sufficient functional connectedness between remnants on the Tablelands to minimise the effects of fragmentation. Nevertheless, the lower density of many of these species in pasture may indicate that their long-term persistence within the fragmented rainforest areas could benefit from the maintenance or establishment of habitat linkages. Certainly, if the current rainforest vegetation cover were further reduced, or if the land use in the matrix became more intensive, the establishment of specific habitat linkages could become more important as existing dispersal routes could be lost. It also appears that nest depredation levels are unlikely to limit the value of linear rainforest remnants and other small rainforest remnants as breeding habitat for birds (at least for understorey-nesting species), relative to more intact rainforest, in the study region.
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Schaffer, Josef W. "Social behaviors of modern and indigenous peoples impacting the ecology of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/erscsp/3.
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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.Project advisor: William Preston. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 14, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
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Otte, Hillary K. "CONTROL AND PASSIVE TREATMENT OF RUNOFF FROM HORSE MUCK STORAGE STRUCTURES USING RAIN GARDENS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/11.
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Runoff from livestock operations may contain a variety of pathogens and high levels of nutrients and other harmful contaminants, and is of particular concern in central Kentucky as watersheds are threatened by waste generated from a high concentration of equine activity. Rain gardens are a type of stormwater management tool used to capture and passively treat runoff. This project aimed to incorporate rain gardens into the horse muck storage structures at a thoroughbred facility in the Canr Run watershed in Lexington, Kentucky. Water quality data from soil water within two rain garden muck pads and two control pads, and grab samples from the stream were compared. No significant differences were observed, but trends revealed higher levels of nitrate and phosphate in rain gardens compared to controls, while total organic carbon and E. coli levels were lower in the rain gardens, suggesting that the rain gardens are trapping nutrients while reducing organic matter and killing bacteria. E. coli populations were lower in stream sample locations near rain garden muck pads compared to further downstream near controls. Management recommendations include further improvement of muck storage structures, replacing old muck pads, and changing management and housekeeping habits and attitudes towards environmental responsibility.
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Castro-Herrera, Fernando. "Niche Structure of an Anole Community in a Tropical Rain Forest within the Choco Region of Colombia." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798407/.
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Ten species of anoles at Bajo Calima within the Choco of Western Colombia separate into two principal microhabitat groups: forest species, and those inhabiting openings and edges. The ten anoles further separate according to ground and vegetation dwellers. There is a relation at Bajo Calima between the number of anole species and vegetational structural diversity. Anole diversity within a given macrohabitat is by perch microsite/microclimate heterogeneity. These are the two major ecological dimensions along which similarity is limited or resources are partitioned.
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Dam, Oscar van. "Forest filled with gaps effects of gap size on water and nutrient cycling in tropical rain forest : a study in Guyana = Bos gevuld met gaten : de effecten van de grootte kronendakopeningen op de water- en nutriëntenkringloop in tropisch regenwoud : een studie in Guyana /." Georgetown, Guyana : Tropenbos Guyana Programme, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48485430.html.
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Willson, Susan K. "Army ants and obligaate ant-following birds : a study of ecology, spatial movement patterns and behavior in Amazonian Peru /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091978.
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Jones, Isabel L. "Legacies of tropical forest fragmentation and regeneration for biodiversity and carbon storage." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26238.
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Expanding anthropogenic development within the tropical forest biome is driving the loss of an irreplaceable global resource. Mega-diverse tropical forests are vital for regulating the global carbon cycle, and are essential for climate change mitigation. Today, over half of the world’s remaining tropical forest is degraded or regenerating secondary forest. Tropical forests are becoming increasingly fragmented through the expansion of agriculture and roads. Landscape-scale flooding of terrestrial habitats caused by dam construction is an emerging driver of habitat loss and fragmentation. Much attention has been paid to the long-term impacts of tropical forest fragmentation for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and carbon emissions. Most of our understanding of the impacts associated with habitat fragmentation originates from systems in which the habitat matrix surrounding remnant forest patches is another, albeit low quality, terrestrial habitat. However, dam-induced habitat fragmentation results in remnant terrestrial biological communities becoming isolated on islands within a water matrix. A water matrix presents the worst-case scenario for remnant habitat fragments. In Chapter 2 I synthesise the results of numerous studies reporting the responses of taxonomic groups to isolation on reservoir land-bridge islands, and uncover a globally-applicable pattern of extinction debt acting upon remnant biological communities on reservoir islands. All islands, regardless of taxonomic group, habitat type, or island area lose species as island isolation time increases. Moreover, I show that contrary to existing ecological theory, once terrestrial habitat becomes isolated within a water matrix, it is effectively too isolated for species losses to be buffered by metapopulation dynamics. Dam development is rapidly expanding in the largest remaining tract of intact tropical forest, the Amazon Basin. In Chapters 3 and 4 I study the Balbina mega-dam system in the central Brazilian Amazon. Here, I use detailed field inventories of trees and lianas on islands and in continuous mainland habitat to determine the impact of landscape-scale habitat fragmentation caused by reservoir creation on these taxonomic groups. I find that islands maintain tree communities at significantly lower densities, richness and diversity compared to continuous forest. Furthermore, tree communities on islands exhibit compositional divergence from those found in mainland continuous forest. Island tree assemblages are dominated by low-wood density species, and may be on a trajectory towards communities characteristic of early successional forests with reduced carbon storage capacity. In contrast, liana assemblages remain compositionally intact and are becoming increasingly dominant relative to trees. Thus, lianas appear robust to many of the negative impacts associated with landscape-scale habitat fragmentation. As insular tree communities continue to degrade through area- and edge-effects, lianas may become a key feature of this archipelagic landscape due to their competitive advantage over trees in disturbed forest habitats. Lianas significantly inhibit tree recruitment and carbon storage. Thus, findings from Chapters 3 and 4 provide strong evidence for additional, and currently unaccounted-for biodiversity and carbon impacts associated with tropical dams. As development of tropical forest regions increases, there is an urgent need to reconcile the need for resources with the need for ecosystem service provision, such as carbon storage, particularly as we attempt to mitigate the impacts of rising atmospheric carbon. Recent studies have shown that secondary tropical forests have the potential to rapidly uptake atmospheric carbon, and act as a powerful tool in climate change mitigation policy. Broad-scale estimates of secondary forest carbon uptake are currently based on above-ground biomass alone. In Chapter 5 I present carbon stock estimates of additional tropical forest carbon pools - soil and dead woody biomass - in secondary forests ranging from 40-120 years. I find that soil fertility (nitrogen concentration) is key in determining carbon storage in secondary forests, and that the stability of carbon stocks held in dead woody biomass increases with secondary forest stand age. I highlight the need to integrate detailed site-specific information into broad-scale predictive models of secondary tropical forest carbon sequestration. This thesis links ecological theory and landscape-scale field inventories, to provide new understanding of the long-term costs of tropical forest fragmentation for biodiversity conservation and carbon storage, and provides further evidence of the important role secondary tropical forests may play in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation.
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McDonald, M. Christine. "Ecosystem resilience and the restoration of damaged plant communities : a discussion focusing on Australian case studies." Thesis, View thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:683.
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An examination was undertaken of the literature and restoration cases for 4 major Australian vegetation types (sclerophyll; rainforest; grassland; and wetland) to explore the proposition that ecological resilience may govern recovery after anthropogenic damage, and/or provide a fundamental guide and measure of success for ecological restoration. Also, primary data were collected from highly degraded sites (5 sclerophyll, 3 rainforest, and 4 grassy sites) to assess recovery after restoration treatment. These were supplemented with questionnaire data from practitioners working at a wider range of rainforest and sclerophyll sites, and reports from practitioners working on grassland and wetland sites. In all 4 vegetation types, species generally fell into two main groups : longer-lived 'resprouters' and shorter-lived 'obligate seeders'. But different resilience models were identified for the 4 vegetation types. The sclerophyll type exhibited higher in situ resilience but lower migratory resilience than the rainforest type, which was facilitated by flying frugivore dispersal to perch trees. Self-perpetuation was more tightly coupled with disturbance in the sclerophyll, grassland and wetland types than rainforest; and therefore 'designed disturbance' played a more obvious role in enhancing recovery within these types, than in rainforest. Results suggest that resilience (as both an ecosystem property and a theoretical concept) is fundamental to the practice of ecological restoration. Some prediction of resilience potential of particular degraded sites (and prediction of the degree and type of restoration subsidy needed) can be based on knowledge of : individual species' recovery mechanisms; resilience models for individual vegetation-types; and the site's colonisation potential and impact history
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Bumrungsri, Sara. "The foraging ecology of the short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus brachyotis (Muller, 1838), in lowland dry evergreen rain forest, southeast Thailand." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU149216.
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The feeding ecology of the short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus brachyotis, was investigated in selectively-logged lowland dry evergreen forest in south east Thailand between March 1998-April 2000. C. brachyotis consumes fruit of 14 plant species, pollen/nectar of four and leaves of nine species. Faecal analysis revealed that fruit comprises more than 95% of the diet, and nectar and pollen supplements the diet during the dry season. Fruits of successional plants contribute two-thirds of the diet. The diet of C. brachyotis varies significantly with the age and sex of the bats. Juvenile and immature bats ingest more fruits from plants producing large crops over a relatively short period, while mature bats consume more fruits from plants producing a few fruits nightly over a long period. Females, especially reproductive ones, consume disproportionately more fruits from selectively logged dry evergreen forest species than males. Different study techniques reveal a significant variation in the diet of fruit bats. Leaves are prominently represented in the diet deduced from pellets collected below day roosts than from faeces of captured bats. Radiotracking carried out on 18 individuals for 18-149 days revealed that home range of mature C. brachyotis is between 30-365 ha with the average maximum width of 2,545m. Females have marginally significantly larger home range than males. The roost area contributes an average of five percent of the home range, and there was no incidence of overlap of roost area between any solitary roosting bats. Male C. brachyotis has a high fidelity to its home range and roost area both between seasons and years. Radio-tagged bats visit 1-6 feeding areas each night and spend an average of 1 h 38 minutes in each feeding area. In feeding areas, they undertake 2-10 feeding bouts at fruiting trees each hour. During each night, individual bats commute an average of 7.14 km and up to 14.5 km between day roosts and feeding areas. Mature bats spend 17.9 % of their nightly foraging activity at day roosts. Moonlight inhibits foraging activity of C. brachyotis. During bright nights, it visits fewer feeding areas, reduces its rate of movement between feeding areas and the number of feeding bouts.
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Beduschi, Liviam Elizabeth Cordeiro. "Redes sociais em projetos de recuperação de áreas degradadas no estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-02082004-153845/.
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O presente trabalho investiga a rede social composta por organizações envolvidas na problemática da recuperação florestal na Mata Atlântica no Estado de São Paulo (Brasil). A recuperação de áreas degradadas é um dos principais desafios para cientistas, poder público e todos os atores sociais que buscam reverter o processo de destruição das florestas naturais. Com o aprimoramento da legislação ambiental, a rede de atores sociais torna-se densa e os conflitos entre eles tornam-se mais explícitos em diferentes arenas de disputa, que são espaços de negociação, de conflitos e de mobilização social. A pesquisa confirma a hipótese de que apenas a mudança de paradigma científico na Ecologia de Restauração não é suficiente para garantir a qualidade de projetos de recuperação de áreas degradadas, sendo necessários uma estrutura de incentivos que estimule o fluxo de informações da rede social, a organização do setor de sementes de espécies florestais nativas, o melhor uso dos recursos florestais das unidades de conservação e a permanente negociação entre os atores sociais envolvidos em projetos de recuperação de áreas degradadas.The present work investigates the social network composed by organizations involved in the problematic inquiries on forest recovering of Rainforest in São Paulo State (Brasil). The recovering of degraded areas is one of the main challenges for the scientists, the public government, and all the social actors that look forward to reversing the destruction process of natural forests. As the environmental laws improve, the social network actors become dense and the conflicts among them become more and more explicit in different arena of debate, which are spaces for negotiation, conflicts and social mobilization. The research confirms the hypothesis that only changes in the scientific paradigm on Restoration Ecology is not enough to assure the quality of projects on recovering of degraded areas. In order to do so, a structure with incentives that stimulates the flow of social network information, the organization on the native forest seeds section, the best use of forest resources on the conservation units and the steady negotiation among the social actors involved in projects on recovering the degraded areas is necessary.
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Manzi, Maya. "Peasant adaptation to environmental change in the Peruvian Amazon : livelihood responses in an Amerindian and a non-Amerindian community." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83193.
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One of the primary challenges facing researchers and practitioners in their efforts to address issues of poverty and environment is the need to deepen our understanding of the logic that guides local people's decisions over resource use, particularly among the rural poor whose livelihoods depend on fragile and dynamic environments. This study seeks to identify the set of factors that influences how rainforest people respond to abrupt natural disturbances and resource scarcity through changes in livelihood and resource management practices in two rural poor communities of the Peruvian Amazon. Data were gathered through in-depth survey interviews (n=95 households) between June and December 2003 in the Amerindian community of Arica Viejo (Ucayali River) and the mestizo (ribereno) community of Roca Fuerte (Maranon River). The results reveal that socioeconomic characteristics such as forest experience and knowledge, and access to agricultural land explain striking differences among households in livelihood responses to environmental change, particularly concerning resource use behavior, resilience to disturbance, and the propensity to adopt sustainable resource management strategies.
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Long, Colin James. "Holocene fire and vegetation history of the Oregon Coast Range, USA /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095260.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 255-270). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.