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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rain forest ecology Malaysia'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Barrett, Eamonn Bernard Michael. "The ecology of some nocturnal arboreal mammals in the rain forest of Peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250856.

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2

Ilstedt, Ulrik. "Soil degradation and rehabilitation in humid tropical forests (Sabah, Malaysia) /." Umeå : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000233/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002.
Abstract inserted. Appendix reprints four papers and manuscripts co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.

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3

Wan, Ahmad Wan Juliana. "Habitat specialisation of tree species in a Malaysian tropical rain forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368534.

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This thesis investigates the relationship between spatial distribution of tropical trees and variation in edaphic factors, particularly soil nutrient supply, and tests the importance of interspecific differences in growth rates and foliar nutrient concentrations as determinants of habitat specialisation. The distribution of some tree species at Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia, was correlated with variation in soil properties, especially available P concentrations, on a 50 ha plot. Seeding relative growth rates were highest on the alluvial soils, which had higher available P than the shale-derived soils in the absence of nutrient addition. The effect of habitat variation (characterised in terms of their nutrient and water availability) on tree growth of 115 species was examined within and between species. Overall, differences in tree growth rates between habitats correspond to variation in the pattern of nutrient supply and not water availability. Despite significant differences in growth rates between habitat types for some of the species, the differences in tree growth were a poor indicator of habitat preferences of tree species as defined by bias in their spatial distribution. Foliar nutrient concentrations of habitat generalists and two kinds of habitat specialists (alluvial and non-alluvial specialists) were compared using phylogenetically controlled comparisons. Sign tests showed only one significant difference in mean foliar nutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) concentrations between distribution categories. The distribution of the differences in foliar mg concentrations between habitat generalists and alluvial specialists was significant at P < 0.05 and suggested that Mg concentrations were significantly greater in the habitat generalists. These results suggest that foliar nutrient concentrations are unlikely to explain differences between species in their habitat associations with respect to soil types at Pasoh.

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4

Lambert, Frank R. "Fig-eating and seed dispersal by birds in a Malaysian lowland rain forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU010096.

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This study investigates avian fig-eating and Ficus seed dispersal in a patch of lowland rainforest at Kuala Lompat, Peninsular Malaysia, in the period March 1984 to April 1987.Of 38 Ficus species identified in c.2 km2 of forest, 29 possessed seeds primarily dispersed by birds. A phenological study of these species showed that figs were available in every month, and that the Ficus community exhibited distinct aseasonal fruiting rhythms. Nevertheless, crops of large figs (>25mm mean dimension) were rare, with only 13--16 large-fruited fig-patches per km2 of forest per year. The 60 bird species which ate figs at Kaula Lompat partitioned the fig resource according to fruit size, even though the soft nature of figs enabled birds of all sizes to feed on figs of all sizes. All birds, except some pigeons, rapidly defaecated ingested Ficus seeds. Treron pigeons were specialised fig-seed predators, and were found to eat large proportions of some fig crops; c.30% in one studied fruiting. Radiotracking and observations of foraging birds showed that many species stayed close to large fruit patches. As a consequence of this behaviour, and rapid gut-passage rates for Ficus seeds, seed shadows of bird-dispersed Ficus are anticipated to be leptokurtic. The most important Ficus seed dispersal agents, in terms of long distance dispersal, are predicted to be the larger, specialised frugivorous birds. Bird-dispersed Ficus at Kuala Lompat were all epiphytic species, growing predominantly on large commercial timber trees. Selective logging of lowland forest is therefore predicted to severely deplete the density of bird-dispersed Ficus, especially those species with large figs. Birds particularly dependent on such figs, such as Treron capellei and some of the hornbills, are severely threatened by such practices. Recommendations are made to promote the survival of these vulnerable bird species.

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5

Zakaria, Maziah. "Colletotrichum diseases of forest tree nurseries in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295495.

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6

Levy, Ruth. "Community structure of ants in Brunei rain forest." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240586.

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7

Green, James J. "Fine root dynamics in a Bornean rain forest." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335307.

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8

Hausmann, Franziska. "The utility of linear riparian rainforest for vertebrates on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands, North Queensland /." Click here to access, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050115.105740.

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Thesis (M.Phil.) -- Griffith University, 2004.
Facsimile of the author's original dissertation. Pagination of document: x, 121 leaves. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online via the World Wide Web.

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9

Malvido-Benitez, Julieta. "The ecology of seedlings in Central Amazonian forest fragments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361691.

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10

Manokaran, N. "Population dynamics of tropical forest trees." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59678.

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11

Brinkley, Nancy Jane. "Rain forest curriculum for upper elementary and middle grades." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1267.

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12

Bampfylde, Caroline Jane. "Mathematical modelling of rain forest regeneration dynamics : a case study in Sabah, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408814.

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13

Noguchi, Shoji. "Hydrological characteristics of a small catchment in a tropical rain forest, Peninsular Malaysia." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150352.

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14

Hassan, Ahmad Sanusi. "Tradition versus modernity in the rain forest environment with particular reference to peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243667.

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15

Sheil, D. "The ecology of long term change in a Ugandan rain forest." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318868.

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16

Poels, R. L. H. "Soils, water and nutrients in a forest ecosystem in Suriname." Wageningen : Agricultural University, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23819734.html.

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17

Brown, N. D. "Dipterocarp regeneration in tropical rain forest gaps of different sizes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279886.

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18

Walker, Jonathan S. "Feeding ecology and rarity of frugivorous birds in tropical rain forest." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400944.

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19

Sioh, Maureen Kim Lian. "Fractured reflections : rainforests, plantations and the Malaysian nation-state." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/NQ48715.pdf.

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20

Kennedy, Donald Niall. "The role of colonising species in the regeneration of dipterocarp rain forest." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU548037.

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Regeneration of colonising species following disturbance of primary tropical rain forest in Malaysia was studied in artificial gaps ranging in size up to 30% canopy openness. Effects of gap size on soil temperature and water status were investigated. Spatial variation in density and composition of the soil seed bank beneath undisturbed forest was assessed by germination from soil samples, and seed rain was sampled using seed traps. Seed germination, seedling survival and seedling growth were monitored for two years in gaps and beneath intact canopy. Effects on colonisation of gap size, disturbance to microsite and competition from advance regeneration were studied. Maximum soil temperatures increased with gap size but minimum temperature was unaffected. Soil water content showed no relationship with gap size, but might be higher in gaps than forest after dry periods. Primary forest soil seed bank density was very high (mean 1904 seeds m-2). Climbing shrubs/lianes contributed approximately 75% of seedlings and 50% of taxa. Trees accounted for about 25% composition of taxa, but only 15% of seedlings. Soil seed bank composition differed little among primary forest sites. Similarities in composition between one site and secondary forest possibly reflected recent disturbance. Current seed rain intensity was low, very variable, and not consistently different between gaps and closed forest. Germination in the two years after gap creation was < 5% of the soil seed bank, and appeared greatest in medium-sized gaps. Most germination and accession of new taxa occurred in year one, but both continued at low levels during year two. Ordination analysis suggested that some colonising species regenerated only in large gaps. Both exposure and scarification of the soil increased germination, but had no consistent effects on seedling survival or growth. Competition from advance regeneration was potentially important, increasing mortality and reducing maximum growth rate among colonising seedlings.

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21

Liston, Katharine Ann. "Impacts of environment on dipterocarp seedlings : insect herbivores, gaps and forest type in a Malesian tropical rain forest." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369932.

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22

Clarke, M. A. "Soil erosion and slope in primary and selectivity logged rain forest in Danum Valley, Malaysia." Thesis, Swansea University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636265.

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Slopewash, a combination of rainsplash and overland flow erosion, is one of the principal soil erosion processes in rain-forest areas. Conventional theory suggests that slopewash in rain-forest environments should increase systematically with increasing slope angle. if soil and ground cover variables themselves change with slope angle, however, relationships between erosion and slope angle may be more complex. When rain forest is logged, whether and for how long rills and gullies initiated on heavily distributed and compacted terrain components continue to enlarge is critical. This thesis examines these issues on slopes of 0-40° in primary and selectivity logged (in 1988-89) rain forest at Danum Valley, Sabah (Malaysian Borneo). Measurements were made of: (a) actual erosions, deposition and changes in surface roughness at over 100 pre-existing and new sites over periods of 1-9 years using the erosion bridge (microprofiler) technique; (b) infiltration capacity, overland flow, splash detachment and overland flow erosion at small (30 x 30 cm) plots at key sites using a rainfall simulation programme; (c) ground cover and soil properties; and (d) overland flow occurrence at free-standing slope sites under natural rainfall conditions. Overland flow on primary forest slopes was found to be more widespread and frequent than previously thought. Tentative relationships between overland flow, erosion and slope angle, to higher angles than previous studies and theory have proposed, are presented. The dominance of extreme rainstorms in the temporal pattern of both primary forest and post-logging erosion is demonstrated. Eight to twelve years after logging, landslides along logging roads in higher slope areas and roads (particularly when unsurfaced) are the main sediment sources to the stream network. Erosion rates at skid trails and logged slopes, however, are now close to those in primary forest. Results highlight the importance of organic carbon within the soil to maintain structure and aggregate stability, and, therefore, to increase soil resistance to erosion.

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23

Mitchell, Thomas Carly. "The ecology of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) trees in primary lowland mixed Dipterocarp forest, Brunei." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251702.

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24

Villela, Dora Maria. "Nutrient cycling in a monodominant and other rain forest types on Maraca Island, Brazil." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296770.

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25

Gibbons, James M. "Water relations, phenology and drought adaptation of understorey trees in tropical lowland rain forest." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298566.

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26

Still, Margaret Jean. "Population dynamics and spatial patterns of Dipterocarp seedlings in a tropical rain forest." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26682.

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Population dynamics and spatial pattern of dipterocarp seedlings were investigated in lowland dipterocarp forest in Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, East Malaysia. Seedlings (< 10 cm gbh) were enumerated in two areas (2.0 and 0.48 ha) within the tree enumeration plots established by the University of Stirling project, and surveyed over 22 months. Seedlings of the major canopy and emergent dipterocarps in the area were common: Shorea johorensis (Red Meranti); S. argentifolia, S. leprosula, S. parvifolia (Light Red Merantis, LRM) and Parashorea maleanonan, all light demanding species; S. fallax,S. pauciflora (Dark Red Meranti, DRM), more shade tolerant emergent species; and Hopea nervosa, Vatica dulitensis and V. sarawakensis, shade tolerant canopy species. Total seedling densities were 2000-2500 ha-1. Mortality rates varied from 0 to 16% yr-1 in different species, and were highest in the LRMs and lowest in the canopy species. Temporal and spatial variation in mortality rates was greatest in the LRMs. In both plots, seedling mortality rates were significantly positively correlated with basal area of conspecific trees ≥10cm gbh. Net growth rates were very variable, even within size classes in the same species. Median growth rates were highest in the LRMs and lowest in canopy species. Frequency distributions of growth rates were strongly leptokurtic in slow-growing species, with most seedlings having growth rates around zero, although individual seedlings could produce large increments. In fast-growing species, more seedlings achieved high growth rates. A significant proportion of seedlings suffered height loss due to falling debris, and almost half the seedlings showed evidence of previous stem damage. Large growth increments were recorded in most species in response to canopy openings, usually very small gaps caused by branch falls. Individual increments exceeded 1 m yr-1 in seven species. Growth and mortality rates were significantly positively correlated across species in Plot 1, but not in Plot 2. Seedling spatial patterns were examined in eleven species in Plot 1, and covered a wide range of degrees of aggregation. Seedlings of the light-demanding emergent species were we1l-distributed throughout the study area, though some showed aggregation at a small scale. DRM seedlings were strongly clumped around adult trees. Seedlings of two of the canopy species were very strongly aggregated around adult trees, while the third species, V. sarawakensis, had randomly distributed seedlings.

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27

Nakagawa, Michiko. "Seed strategies of dipterocarps against pre-dispersal seed predators in a tropical rain forest,Sarawak,Malaysia." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149132.

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28

Scholtz, Olivia Ingrid. "Inter-continental patterns in the fine-scale spatial ecology of rain forest termites." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/293.

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In this thesis I describe fine-scale spatial patterns in rain forest termites, from the colony to the assemblage level, sampled from one hectare plots in Central African and South East Asian lowland rain forest. By so doing the ecological interactions that structure this functionally important and abundant soil community were identified. The African termite assemblage, dominated by soil-feeding termites, saturated the upper soil profile (collected from 90% of soil pits). In contrast termites were collected from <50% of soil pits in Asia, with this difference reflecting the lower species densities and abundances of soil-feeding termites in Asian forests. Territoriality and inter-specific competition was shown to be important between colonies of soil-feeding species in the African plot. The termite assemblages were spatially associated with several environmental properties. However these could not explain the spatial patterns in the functional components of the assemblages. Wood-feeding termites were highly patchily distributed, due to the heterogeneous nature of their food material, but also due to possible competitive interactions for this. Humus-feeding termites were homogenously structured, due to the continuous nature of soil as their feeding and nesting material. True soil-feeding termites, unique to the African assemblage, were heterogeneously distributed despite the equally continuous nature of their feeding and nesting material. This structure may arise from facilitative interactions, such as co-operative defence against ant predation which may be intense in African systems, or through the transfer of soil material at different stages of decomposition. Competition for space is apparent in both regions, both at the colony level among soil-feeding genera, and between aggregations of functional groups. Positive and negative biotic interactions, operating at various spatial and functional scales, appear to be important in influencing how assemblage composition is spatially structured. If indeed facilitation is important in maintaining the taxonomic and functional diversity in termite assemblages, it would be valuable to confirm the mechanism(s) that drives this (i.e. predation and/or food transfer), as these may then influence ecosystem stability.

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29

McDonald, M. Christine. "Ecosystem resilience and the restoration of damaged plant communities : a discussion focusing on Australian case studies /." View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030625.095246/index.html.

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30

Li, Fui Yee. "Factors affecting tree seedling establishment following rehabilitation management in logged-over tropical rain forest in Sabah, Malaysia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429982.

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31

Fishlock, Victoria L. "Bai use in forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) : ecology, sociality & risk." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2758.

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Forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) sociality is relatively little-studied due to the difficulties of making direct observations in rainforests. In Central Africa elephants aggregate at large natural forest clearings known as bais, which have been postulated to offer social benefits in addition to nutritional resources. This thesis explores the role of these clearings as social arenas by examining bai use within three main themes; ecology, sociality and risk factors. Seasonal changes in elephant use of the Maya Nord bai (Republic of Congo) are described, along with the demography of the visiting population. Elephant visit rate was highly variable; the number of elephants using Maya Nord in an observation day ranged from 0 to 117 animals. This variability was unrelated to local resource availability and productivity suggesting that bai use occurs year round. Elephants in Odzala-Kokoua do not show high fidelity to a single clearing; 454 elephants were individually identified and re-sighted an average of 1.76 times (range 1-10) during the twelve month study period. Previous bai studies have yet to quantify how elephants associate with one another within the bai area. This study examines socio-spatial organisation and associate choice using two measures of association within the 0.23 km2 bai area; aggregations (all elephants present in the clearing) and parties (elephants spatially co-ordinated in activity and movement) and distinguishes these from parties that range together (i.e. arrive and leave together). Social network analyses (SocProg) were used to describe inter- and intra-sexual multi-level organisation in the bai environment, and to illustrate the non-random nature of elephant aggregations and parties. Bais were shown to function as social arenas; female elephants showed active choice of certain associates and active avoidance of others when creating parties, whereas males were less discriminatory. Parties formed in the clearing (mean size= 3.93, SE= 0.186) were larger than ranging parties (mean size= 2.71, SE= 0.084) and elephants stayed for 50% longer in the clearing when they associated with individuals from outside their ranging party. Inter- and intra-sexual relationships were maintained within the clearing, and these are suggested to offer elephants essential opportunities for social learning. The patterning and nature of the relationships observed at the Maya Nord clearing indicates that forest elephants use a fission-fusion social structure similar to that of savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana africana); relationships are significantly structured by age- and sex- and underpinned by individual identity. Old experienced females hold key roles for forest elephants, and male relationships are superimposed on the network of female associations. Odzala-Kokoua elephants use bais to maintain their social relationships despite being highly sensitive to the anthropogenic risks involved in using these open areas. The results of this study suggest that forest and savannah elephants lie on the same social continuum, balancing social “pulls” to aggregate against the ecological “pushes” that force groups to fission. Previous models of savannah elephant sociality construct levels of association and social complexity upwards from the basic mother-calf unit (e.g. Wittemyer & Getz 2007). My results suggest that it may be more appropriate to consider elephant sociality and associations as in dynamic equilibrium between social and ecological influences acting at all levels of grouping, and to explicitly test how these underlie the opportunity costs that elephants are willing to pay in order to maintain social groupings.

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32

Morris, Michael William. "Amazopoly a game of survival in a tropical rain forest." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/34.

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33

Pfrommer, Albrecht. "Seed dispersal ecology of Leonia cymosa (Violaceae) in the rain forest of Eastern Ecuador." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2009/3712/.

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34

Valencia, Niels. "Ecology of forests on the western slopes of the Peruvian Andes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=128343.

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Dry cloud forests on the western slopes of the Peruvian Andes were mapped from aerial photographs, 306 stands being recorded from 4^o50'S to 12^o47'S. The frequency and area of these stands, as well as most parameters analyzed in the eight sample sites, show a steep decreasing latitudinal trend and are strongly correlated with the latitudinal rainfall gradient. The mean area of the forest stands decreases from 115 ha in northern Peru to 42 ha in central Peru. The number of species recorded decreases along the study area from 52 to 13 and there is a well defined latitudinal sequence of species. Mean density and basal area per hectare of stems ≥10 cm gbh decreases from 2995 individuals and 79.91 m^2 in the north to 500 individuals and 17.27 m^2 in central Peru. The vertical structure is similar throughout the study area, emergent trees reaching on average 22 m and the main canopy 12 m in the north and 13 m and 7 m respectively in central Peru. Regeneration is very active in northern Peru. Juveniles have been found for a high proportion of species, including all common ones, and most species show a logarithmic decline in number of stems with increasing girth. There is a steep decreasing trend towards central Peru, where few species regenerate, mostly shrubs. The pattern found may be the result of the combined effect of grazing and a climatic change towards drier conditions evidenced in the regeneration pattern of most sites.

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35

Cornelius, Cintia. "Genetic and demographic consequences of human-driven landscape changes on bird populations the case of Aphrastura spinicauda (Furnariidae) in the temperate rainforest of South America /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2006. http://etd.umsl.edu/r1821.

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36

Sizer, Nigel Christopher. "The impact of edge formation on regeneration and litterall in a tropical rain forest fragment in Amazonia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241207.

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37

Zipperlen, Simon Weston. "Ecophysiology of tropical rain forest seedlings (Dipterocarpaceae) : growth, gas-exchange and light utilisation in contrasting light environments." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264643.

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38

Kariuki, Maina. "Modelling dynamics including recruitment, growth, and mortality for sustainable management in uneven-aged mixed-species rainforests." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/27/.

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39

Greenwood, David Robert. "The foliar physiognomic analysis and taphonomy of leaf beds derived from modern Australia rainforest." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg8165.pdf.

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40

Tobón, Marin Conrado. "Monitoring and modelling hydrological fluxes in support of nutrient cycling studies in Amazonian rain forest ecosystems." Wageningen, The Netherlands : Tropendos Foundation, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43455503.html.

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41

Richards, Michael. "Economic incentives for the sustainable management and conservation of tropical forests." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2007. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/economic-incentives-for-the-sustainable-management-and-conservation-of-tropical-forests(eb11e629-42d7-4fbf-924c-769ac6a42471).html.

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This PhD by Publication traces through 13 of my publications on economic incentives for forest management and conservation in tropical countries (with a regional bias towards Latin America), including several papers focused on participatory forest management or community-based conservation. The papers show how my thinking has evolved from a focus on market and nonmarket incentives, to an increasing emphasis on governance and regulatory incentives in explaining stakeholder behaviour to the forest resource, as well as the equity impacts. They reveal that positive incentives and win-win (environmental and poverty reduction) outcomes will only emerge when the underlying market, policy and institutional failures are tackled. Because of their public good values, the survival of tropical forests is contingent on the actions of the international community and governments. Sustainable forestry, therefore, depends on a combination of domestic governance progress to control illegal logging and the rent-seeking powers of vested interest groups, global governance regulations which create markets for environmental services, secure property rights for resident stakeholders and extra-sectoral policies that moderate land use opportunity costs. The current main hope for tropical forests is 'avoided deforestation' since this will need to tackle the forest governance problems and underlying multi-sectoral drivers of deforestation if it is to be successful. It represents a balanced market (payments for ecosystem services) and supply-side (improved governance) response to what is essentially a 'public goods' management problem, but will need to overcome some major political economy challenges.

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42

Beckwith, Robaire Stephen. "The ecology and behaviour of the Javan black langur, in lower montane rain forest, West Java." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252001.

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43

Costanzo, Angela J. "A quantitative survey of riparian forest structure along the Quebrada Grande in La Cangreja National Park, Costa Rica /." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2006. http://www.ranchomastatal.com/docs2/php5pk7ty%5FRiparianForestStructure%5FCostanzo.pdf.

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44

Ruzicka, Stepan. "Soil biological properties in damaged Picea abies (L.) Karst, ecosystems in Bohemia, Czech Republic." Thesis, University of East London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359993.

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45

Laidlaw, Ruth K. "The virgin jungle reserves of peninsular Malaysia : the ecology and dynamics of small protected areas in managed forest." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339728.

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46

Harrison, Rhett Daniel. "Phenology and wasp population dynamics of several species of dioecious fig in a lowland tropical rain forest in Sarawak, malaysia." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181150.

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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第8197号
理博第2219号
新制||理||1172(附属図書館)
UT51-2000-F101
京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻
(主査)教授山村則男, 教授安部琢哉, 教授米井脩治
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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47

Hosaka, Tetsuro. "Pattern of Pre-dispersal Seed Utilization by Insect Predators on Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) in a Lowland Rain Forest of Peninsular Malaysia." Kyoto University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120485.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第15442号
農博第1827号
新制||農||981(附属図書館)
学位論文||H22||N4541(農学部図書室)
27920
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授太田誠一, 教授井鷺裕司, 教授北山兼弘
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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48

Hausmann, Franziska, and n/a. "The Utility of Linear Riparian Rainforest for Vertebrates on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands, North Queensland." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050115.105740.

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This study investigated the utility to vertebrates of upland linear riparian rainforest fragments on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands in the Australian Wet Tropics region, north Queensland. Similar linear fragments were selected, that varied in forest age and their connectivity to large areas of continuous forest:- (connected primary (N=6), isolated primary (N=5), connected secondary (N=6) and isolated secondary (N=7)). Primary sites had either never been cleared or only subject to selective logging, while secondary forest had been completely cleared and allowed to regenerate for at least 30 years. These linear fragments were contrasted with riparian sites within continuous forest sites (N=6 to 7), which were situated in State Forest or National Parks, and sites within the cleared matrix (pasture, N=6). Vertebrates surveyed were birds, ground-dwelling mammals and reptiles, particularly leaf-litter skinks. All surveys were conducted between September and December in 2001 and/or 2000. Chapter 2 investigates the effects of forest age, isolation and structural vegetation features on bird assemblages within linear riparian fragments of rainforest. Bird surveys and structural vegetation assessments were conducted within connected and isolated primary and secondary linear fragments, and compared with those of continuous forest habitat (N=6) and pasture. There were strong effects of forest age; all three types of primary rainforest had higher values than secondary rainforest for most measured attributes of vegetation structure (including canopy height and cover; and frequency of large-diameter trees, lianes, epiphytes, strangler figs; and woody debris), but lower frequencies of tree ferns and thorny scramblers. Sites within primary rainforest also had a greater frequency of many bird species across different guilds of habitat, feeding and movement. Assemblages of rainforest-dependent birds showed an effect of isolation, although its strength was less than that of forest age. Isolated fragments of primary rainforest differed significantly from continuous primary rainforest in their rainforest-dependent bird species assemblages (and had lower species richness), and isolated fragments of secondary rainforest differed from those that were connected. There was a significant association between the species composition of rainforest birds and some measured vegetation parameters across all sites, but not within primary or secondary sites. Vegetation differences did not explain the lowered frequency of several species in isolated fragments. Limited dispersal seems unlikely to be a main cause, and causal processes probably vary among species. Specialist rainforest species endemic to the Wet Tropics region showed stronger responses to present-day rainforest age and fragmentation than those not endemic. Variation in nest depredation levels associated with rainforest fragmentation (edge effects) is examined in Chapter 3. Artificial nests were placed in the forest understorey at seven edge sites where continuous forest adjoined pasture, seven interiors (about one kilometre from the edge), and six primary linear riparian forest remnants (50-100 m wide) that were connected to continuous forest. Four nest types were compared, representing different combinations of two factors; height (ground, shrub) and shape (open, domed). At each site, four nests of each type, containing one quail egg and two model plasticine eggs, were interspersed about 15 m apart within a 160 m transect. Predators were identified from marks on the plasticine eggs. The overall depredation rate was 66.5% of 320 nests' contents damaged over a three-day period. Large rodents, especially the rat Uromys caudimaculatus, and birds, especially the spotted catbird Ailuroedus melanotis, were the main predators. Mammals comprised 56.5% and birds 31.0% of identified predators, with 12.5% of unknown identity. The depredation rate did not vary among site-types, or between open and domed nests, and there were no statistically significant interactions. Nest height strongly affected depredation rates by particular types of predator; depredation rates by mammals were highest at ground nests, whereas attacks by birds were most frequent at shrub nests. These effects counterbalanced so that overall there was little net effect of nest height. Mammals accounted for 78.4% of depredated ground nests and birds for at least 47.4% of shrub nests (and possibly up to 70.1%). The main predators were species characteristic of rainforest, rather than habitat generalists, open-country or edge specialists. For birds that nest in the tropical rainforest understorey of the study region, it is unlikely that edges and linear remnants presently function as ecological population sinks due to mortality associated with increased nest depredation. The use of linear riparian remnants by small ground-dwelling mammals and reptiles (mainly leaf litter skinks), is reported in Chapter 4. Site types were continuous rainforest, connected and isolated linear fragments of both uncleared primary rainforest and secondary regrowth rainforest. Mammals were also surveyed in pasture sites. Neither reptile species richness nor abundance varied significantly among site types. Although mammal species richness varied significantly between site types, with isolated primary sites containing highest species richness, overall mammal abundance did not differ significantly among site types. Pasture sites differed significantly from all rainforest sites in their mammal species composition, and were dominated by the introduced house mouse (Mus musculus). This species was absent from all rainforest sites, which were characterised by moderate abundances of bush rat/Cape York rat Rattus fuscipes/leucopus, fawn-footed melomys Melomys cervinipes and giant white-tailed rat Uromys caudimaculatus. None of these species varied significantly in abundance among site types, although the giant white-tailed rat showed a trend (P=0.09) for reduced abundance in isolated secondary sites. A single reptile species, the prickly forest skink Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae, occurred in sufficient numbers for individual analysis, and its abundance varied significantly among the forested site types, being less abundant in all linear fragments than in continuous forest sites. The utility of linear riparian rainforest for vertebrates appears to be species-specific and involves many factors. However, overall, species endemic to the Wet Tropics (which are hence of the highest conservation significance) appear to be the most sensitive to fragmentation. These species were most likely to show altered abundances or frequencies of occurrence due to isolation, forest age, and habitat linearity. The ecology of species within this group warrants further investigation within fragmented and non-fragmented regions of the Tablelands. For many other vertebrates examined in this study, there appears to be sufficient functional connectedness between remnants on the Tablelands to minimise the effects of fragmentation. Nevertheless, the lower density of many of these species in pasture may indicate that their long-term persistence within the fragmented rainforest areas could benefit from the maintenance or establishment of habitat linkages. Certainly, if the current rainforest vegetation cover were further reduced, or if the land use in the matrix became more intensive, the establishment of specific habitat linkages could become more important as existing dispersal routes could be lost. It also appears that nest depredation levels are unlikely to limit the value of linear rainforest remnants and other small rainforest remnants as breeding habitat for birds (at least for understorey-nesting species), relative to more intact rainforest, in the study region.

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Schaffer, Josef W. "Social behaviors of modern and indigenous peoples impacting the ecology of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/erscsp/3.

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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.
Project advisor: William Preston. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 14, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.

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50

Samsoedin, Ismayadi. "Biodiversity and sustainability in the Bulungan Research Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia : the response of plant species to logging." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/224.

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This study reports forest structure, regeneration and the soil properties from unlogged and logged forest in the Bulungan Research Forest, Malinau District, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Four sites were compared by using four 1-ha replicate plots in each of primary forest (PF), 5, 10 and 30-yr old logged forest (LF-5, LF-10, LF- 30). The tree species composition differ among forest types, as it was shown that the mean value of similarity indices for all pairs were 0.215 (for the Jaccard index) and 0.353 (for the Sorensen index). The low values for similarities among forest types were most probably caused by low numbers of species shared between each forest type. Both correlation values, r = 0.023 for Jaccard index and r = 0.031 for Sorensen index, showed no strong correlation between the similarity index (C) and the distance between forest types. This supports the use of a chronosequence approach. A total of 914 tree species with ³ 10 cm dbh were recorded from 223 genera and 65 families. There were no significant differences in mean species numbers (166 – 180/ha) among treatments. Mean density of species was lower in LF-5 and LF-10 (501/ha) than in PF or LF-30 (605/ha and 577/ha); similarly to mean basal area (LF-5, 28.5 m2/ha; LF-10, 32.6 m2/ha) vs. PF (45.8 m2/ha) and LF-30 (46.9 m2/ha). Dead wood on the forest floor was significantly higher in LF-10 (75 m3/ha) than in the other treatments. Seedlings (< 2 cm dbh) of 1,022 species were recorded from 408 genera and 111 families. The mean number of tree seedling species ranged between 170-206; the mean density of seedlings was about two-fold lower in LF-10 (2790/ha) than in the other treatments. Saplings (>2 – 9.9 cm dbh) of 802 species belonged to 241 genera and 65 families. There was a high variability in species richness across treatments (89 – 191/ha), but not in stem numbers. The Dipterocarpaceae family was dominant in all treatments, followed by the Euphorbiaceae. The soils were acidic, low in nutrients and had low to very low fertility. Both primary and logged forest areas are marginal or not suitable for sustained production of plantation crops. Logging caused soil compaction in LF-30. Although in terms of number of species and trees, amount of BA, number of saplings and seedlings LF-30 appeared to have satisfied prescriptions for a second harvest, ecologically the forest is far from mature. The Indonesian Selective Cutting and Replanting (TPTI) system may need to be revised to a 35 – 45 year cycle to ensure long-term forest productivity in terms of not only timber but other goods and ecosystem services, the value of which are never quantified in monetary terms, but can be higher than the timber revenue.

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