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Journal articles on the topic 'Railways (Street), United States'

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Published: 25 July 2024

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1

Friedricks, William B. "A Metropolitan Entrepreneur Par Excellence: Henry E. Huntington and the Growth of Southern California, 1898–1927." Business History Review 63, no. 2 (1989): 329–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115699.

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Henry E. Huntington, according to the following article, placed his imprint on the development of his region, the Los Angeles basin, to an extent unique among urban entrepreneurs. His great wealth and foresight, and especially his interests in street railways, real estate development, and hydroelectric power, enabled him to become a de facto city planner for one of the most important metropolitan regions in the United States.

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2

Cohen, Jim. "Divergent Paths, United States and France: Capital Markets, the State, and Differentiation in Transportation Systems, 1840–1940." Enterprise & Society 10, no. 3 (September 2009): 449–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700008132.

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Why do the United States and France, both capitalist economies that were dominated by private railways in the 19th and early 20th centuries, have very different transport systems today? After World War II France developed 200 mph high speed trains, while railways in the United States declined to near irrelevance. This paper argues that cross-national divergence was caused by private and public actions that structured capitalmarkets and controlled planning. In the United States private financial institutions used capital markets to shape rail development. In France, by way of contrast, the state directly intervened in financial markets and controlled planning. Both systems thrived until World War I. But, then, faced with growing competition from cars, buses and trucks and burdened by excessive debt, they declined towards bankruptcy. The Great Depression became a defining moment as a Socialist-dominated government in France nationalized railways while in the United States, President Roosevelt's New Deal failed to enact policies to ensure the competitive viability of rail in relation to motorized transport. Rarely used archival sources provide much of the evidence for this argument.

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3

Barrington-Leigh, Christopher, and Adam Millard-Ball. "A century of sprawl in the United States." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 27 (June 15, 2015): 8244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504033112.

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The urban street network is one of the most permanent features of cities. Once laid down, the pattern of streets determines urban form and the level of sprawl for decades to come. We present a high-resolution time series of urban sprawl, as measured through street network connectivity, in the United States from 1920 to 2012. Sprawl started well before private car ownership was dominant and grew steadily until the mid-1990s. Over the last two decades, however, new streets have become significantly more connected and grid-like; the peak in street-network sprawl in the United States occurred in ∼1994. By one measure of connectivity, the mean nodal degree of intersections, sprawl fell by ∼9% between 1994 and 2012. We analyze spatial variation in these changes and demonstrate the persistence of sprawl. Places that were built with a low-connectivity street network tend to stay that way, even as the network expands. We also find suggestive evidence that local government policies impact sprawl, as the largest increases in connectivity have occurred in places with policies to promote gridded streets and similar New Urbanist design principles. We provide for public use a county-level version of our street-network sprawl dataset comprising a time series of nearly 100 y.

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4

Benge, Joe. "Street View." Transfers 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2013.030210.

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5

Divall, Colin. "Railways in Britain and the United States, 1830-1940 (review)." Technology and Culture 44, no. 2 (2003): 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2003.0062.

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6

Bletzer, Keith V. "Fighting in Agricultural Areas of the Southeastern United States." Studies in Social Science Research 1, no. 1 (May 27, 2020): p57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v1n1p57.

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In the scientific literature, interest in male aggression is driven by views that consuming alcohol increases the likelihood of fighting. This literature mostly focuses on barrooms. Ethnographic research generally stays clear of associating bars with fighting by exploring the expressive dimensions of drunken comportment and/or (less often) the antecedents to fighting, which may take place in a variety of settings. Based on long-term fieldwork among farm laborers across the Eastern and Midwestern United States, and an analysis of field data from one agricultural home-base community, this article examines implications of fighting among farmworkers who spend time in bars and taverns (la cantina) and/or the street (la calle). Street settings were found to be more volatile than bars and taverns in agricultural areas in relation to “scrapping” among men, and, thus, more likely to end in fight-related injury. Nonetheless, men often engaged in forms of impression management that expressed their masculinity, as well as effectively avoided potential violence and possible injury.

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7

Schroeder, Herbert, John Flannigan, and Richard Coles. "Residents’ Attitudes Toward Street Trees in the UK and U.S. Communities." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2006.030.

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Research on residents’ attitudes has shown that street trees are highly valued elements of the urban environment and that their benefits far outweigh their annoyances. Much of this research was done in communities in the United States, and it is uncertain whether the findings can be generalized to other communities or countries. We compared residents’ opinions of street trees, perceptions of the benefits and annoyances trees provide, and preferences for tree size, shape, and growth rate between three communities in the United States and the United Kingdom. Overall, opinions of nearby street trees were positive and did not differ between the two UK communities and the U.S. community. Respondents in the UK communities rated annoyances as more serious, shade as less of a benefit, and physical benefits as more significant than did the residents of the U.S. community. Respondents in the two UK communities also preferred smaller trees with slower growth rates. Although these comparisons cannot be used to make inferences about differences between the entire United Kingdom and United States, they do suggest some specific ways in which community characteristics such as climate and proximity of trees to houses may contribute to variation in attitudes toward trees.

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8

Richardson, Matthew, Kermit L. Schoenholtz, and Lawrence J. White. "Deregulating Wall Street." Annual Review of Financial Economics 10, no. 1 (November 2018): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110217-022513.

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We argue that implementation of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act has contributed significantly to the reduction of systemic risk in the United States. However, Dodd-Frank also introduced burdensome rules that have little to do with systemic risk. This article evaluates the trade-off between capital regulation and regulation of scope in the context of Dodd-Frank, with a particular emphasis on the Volcker Rule. Recent regulatory reforms aimed at rolling back Dodd-Frank are evaluated and discussed.

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9

Bechtold, Rebeccah. "“Opera of the Street”: City Noise and the Street Musician in the Northeastern United States." Nineteenth Century Studies 31 (January 1, 2019): 79–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/ninecentstud.31.2019.0079.

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10

Button, Kenneth. "Is there any economic justification for high-speed railways in the United States?" Journal of Transport Geography 22 (May 2012): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.01.025.

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11

Hanai, Kenta, and Arata Endo. "Research of Green street policy in Portland City, the United States." Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 46, no. 3 (2011): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.46.655.

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12

Bolden, Christian L. "Book Review: The history of street gangs in the United States." Criminal Justice Review 41, no. 4 (July 27, 2016): 526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016816637643.

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13

Fisher, Dana R., Kenneth T. Andrews, Neal Caren, Erica Chenoweth, Michael T. Heaney, Tommy Leung, L. Nathan Perkins, and Jeremy Pressman. "The science of contemporary street protest: New efforts in the United States." Science Advances 5, no. 10 (October 2019): eaaw5461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw5461.

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Since the inauguration of Donald Trump, there has been substantial and ongoing protest against the Administration. Street demonstrations are some of the most visible forms of opposition to the Administration and its policies. This article reviews the two most central methods for studying street protest on a large scale: building comprehensive event databases and conducting field surveys of participants at demonstrations. After discussing the broader development of these methods, this article provides a detailed assessment of recent and ongoing projects studying the current wave of contention. Recommendations are offered to meet major challenges, including making data publicly available in near real time, increasing the validity and reliability of event data, expanding the scope of crowd surveys, and integrating ongoing projects in a meaningful way by building new research infrastructure.

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Amelia, Nasywa Tsabita, Rifdah Syifa Rabbani, Ida Susilowati, Novi Rizka Amalia, and Afni Regita Cahyani Muis. "Halal Concept as an International Legal Model for Maintaining Environmental Sustainability: Case Study of Halal Street Food in the US." Journal of Islamic World and Politics 8, no. 1 (June 14, 2024): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.v8i1.93.

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Culture is limited to art, customs, language, and food. Globalization makes it easier for this culture to spread across countries, including food. Likewise, the halal concept in the food industry continues to develop rapidly in the United States. This research aims to discover how the halal concept is closely related to the sustainability of life, involving SDG principles, so that the benefits are considered not to cause damage. The research method used this time is library research with a maqashid sharia concept approach. The author also used gastroeconomics to discuss the relationship between culinary delights and economic sustainability in the United States. The findings showed a relationship between the halal concept and international law, maqashid sharia and environmental sustainability, and the implementation of gastroeconomics in maqashid sharia as evidenced by street food in the United States. Halal street food is becoming increasingly important in the American culinary industry due to its good reception by the American public, support on social media, and adaptation to culinary trends.

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KUBIE, OENONE. "Reading Lewis Hine's Photography of Child Street Labour, 1906–1918." Journal of American Studies 50, no. 4 (April 29, 2016): 873–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187581600058x.

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Lewis Hine's child-labour photographs are among the best-known social-documentary photographs ever taken, yet historians have neglected his photography of children working on the streets of America's cities. This paper explores the disputed symbolism of Hine's street-labour photographs. Far from simply depicting another appalling form of child labour, Hine's child street labourers, and the newsboys he photographed in particular, represented a range of ideas from masculinity and entrepreneurial spirit to the dangers of the new urban life and the apparent ignorance of immigrant parents. The symbolic newsboy was often far removed from the reality of child street labour, but he became an important figure in discourse surrounding the nature of childhood and the organization of public space in the United States of the early twentieth century. In exploring these subjects, this article takes on a neglected part of American history, yet an important one. Studying child street labourers reveals much about children, their choices, and the urban environment in the United States during the Progressive Era.

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McQuoid-Mason, David Jan. "The Genesis of Street Law in South Africa." International Journal of Public Legal Education 1, no. 1 (October 11, 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijple.v1i1.642.

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<p>In 1984, while Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Natal, during a visitor’s programme sponsored by the United States Information Service (USIS), I met Ed O’Brien of Georgetown University Law Faculty, Washington DC, a co-founder of the American Street Law programme. I invited him to South Africa in 1985 and his trip was paid for by USIS. It was an inauspicious time as President PW Botha declared a State of Emergency the day Ed arrived in the country to conduct non-racial Street Law workshops with me. He and I brainstormed a curriculum with a multi-racial group of high school teachers and pupils and then persuaded the President of the Association of Law Societies, Graham Cox, with assistance from the Attorneys Fidelity Fund, to provide financial backing for a pilot Street Law programme for South Africa - the first such programme outside of the United States. </p>

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17

Rose-Redwood, Reuben, and Lisa Kadonaga. "“The Corner of Avenue A and Twenty-Third Street”: Geographies of Street Numbering in the United States." Professional Geographer 68, no. 1 (March 24, 2015): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2015.1007433.

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18

Chambers, David, and Ali Kabiri. "Keynes and Wall Street." Business History Review 90, no. 2 (2016): 301–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680516000362.

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This article examines in detail how John Maynard Keynes approached investing in the U.S. stock market on behalf of his Cambridge College after the 1929 Wall Street Crash. We exploit the considerable archival material documenting his portfolio holdings, his correspondence with investment advisors, and his two visits to the United States in the 1930s. While he displayed an enthusiasm for investing in common stocks, he was equally attracted to preferred stocks. His U.S. stock picks reflected his detailed analysis of company fundamentals and a pronounced value approach. Already in this period, therefore, it is possible to see the origins of some of the investment techniques adopted by professional investors in the latter half of the twentieth century.

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19

Golombek, Yaneev, and Wesley E. Marshall. "Use of Aerial LiDAR in Measuring Streetscape and Street Trees." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 4 (March 25, 2019): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119837194.

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This paper investigates the usefulness of 3D volumetric pixels (voxels) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Quality Level 2 (QL2) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data to measure features in streetscapes. As the USGS embarks on a national LiDAR database with the goal of covering the entire United States of America (U.S.) with QL2 data or better, this paper investigates uses of QL2 LiDAR for the 3D measuring of streetscapes. Tree mapping is a common use of QL2 LiDAR data, and street trees are among the most common features within urban streetscapes that transportation and urban designers assess. Traditional remote sensing techniques derive tree polygons from imagery, and traditional uses of LiDAR for tree canopy mapping is based on deriving a 2D canopy polygon with an attribute for elevation height. However, when breaking up streetscapes into 5 Ft elevation zones and calculating street–tree voxels at each elevation zone height, 3D characteristics of street trees become prevalent that completely differ from the common 2D LiDAR-derived street trees. Statistical tests in this paper display how different the 3D characteristics are from the 2D-derived LiDAR polygons, as this paper introduces a new methodology for measuring streetscape features in 3D, particularly street trees.

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20

Rykova, Inna N., and Andrey A. Alaev. "Prospects for the development of high-speed railway communication in Russia based on the analysis of foreign experience." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 1(2021) (March 25, 2021): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-1-136-145.

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The article is devoted to the experience of the implementation of high-speed railways in foreign countries and the possibility of its use in Russia. Particular attention is paid to the issues of financial and economic justification of such projects, using the criteria of commercial and budgetary efficiency. Particular attention is paid to China in the article, since this country today has the greatest experience in the implementation of projects in the field of high-speed rail communication. The emergence of high-speed rail in China not only became a technological breakthrough, but also played an important role in stimulating the country’s economy and enhancing domestic demand. At the moment, 57% of all high-speed railways in the world are in China alone. The experience of the United States is also of scientific interest, in particular, in the consideration and evaluation of high-speed rail projects. Despite the high level of economic development in the United States, high-speed rail transport is practically undeveloped, which is largely due to historical reasons. Cheap oil, along with improvements to cars and airplanes, and government subsidies for highway and airport construction, have made these vehicles more accessible to most of the population and highlighted them. Despite these circumstances, the authorities of many states are interested in the implementation of high-speed rail projects. At the same time, the question of the possibility and expediency of switching passenger flows from existing modes of transport remains relevant in the United States. In the final part of the article, using the example of specific projects, the prospects for the development of high-speed railway communication in Russia are assessed and proposals for the development of the transport complex as a whole are given.

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Culhane, Sarah. "Main Street Movies: the history of local film in the United States." Early Popular Visual Culture 17, no. 3-4 (January 22, 2019): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460654.2019.1568717.

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22

O’Rourke, Chris. "Main Street Movies: The History of Local Film in the United States." Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 39, no. 4 (July 18, 2019): 900–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01439685.2019.1643143.

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23

Brewer, Devon, John Roberts, Stephen Muth, and John Potterat. "Prevalence of Male Clients of Street Prostitute Women in the United States." Human Organization 67, no. 3 (September 2008): 346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.67.3.dw51q11421077062.

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24

Nowak, David. "Street Tree Pruning and Removal Needs." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 16, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1990.067.

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Street tree pruning and removal needs were examined for 11 species from inventory data collected in 11 cities in the North Central and Northeastern United States. The needs ranged from predominantly no pruning and routine pruning of small trees to safety pruning and removal of large trees. Species were ranked in terms of overall pruning and removal urgency, with London planetree and honeylocust having the least urgent pruning and removal needs and American elm and boxelder the most urgent needs.

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25

Anderson, Tammy L., and Philip R. Kavanaugh. "Women’s Evolving Roles in Drug Trafficking in the United States." Contemporary Drug Problems 44, no. 4 (October 26, 2017): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450917735111.

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Drugs and crime research and theory in the United States originated after President Nixon declared the first War on Drugs in 1971. This research agenda promised to reveal the scope, dynamics, and impact of the drugs–crime relationship, thus promising solutions for the country’s drug problems. The initial focus was on drug trade violence and, as a result, produced scholarship mostly on men’s involvement in drug distribution, purchasing, and related crimes. It paid little attention to women’s involvement and failed to consider how gender might shape the drugs–crime relationship. By the early 1980s, however, studies began to appear on women’s experiences and addressed the role of gender in U.S. street-based illegal markets for crack cocaine and heroin. These studies revealed women’s relative powerlessness or supporting roles to domineering males in illegal, street-based drug markets. Today, drugs of concern in the U.S. originate and are sold and purchased through both legal and illegal channels that often work in tandem. This interplay requires us to rethink the drugs–crime relationship. Our article seeks to provoke new thinking and research on how 21st-century drug trends might reshape the gendered nature of drug selling across both legal and illegal markets and the gray area in between. In specific terms, we review the nature of women’s involvement in newer drug markets and consider how their involvement differs from that of men and how theory and research might move forward in addressing these changes. Our conclusions, and those reached by others in this issue, speak to the centrality of gender scholarship in research and policy on drugs and crime currently and into the future.

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26

Muckensturm, Joshua R., and Dave C. Longhorn. "Assessing the vulnerability of military theater distribution routes." Journal of Defense Analytics and Logistics 3, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 60–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdal-07-2018-0012.

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Purpose This paper introduces a new heuristic algorithm that aims to solve the military route vulnerability problem, which involves assessing the vulnerability of military cargo flowing over roads and railways subject to enemy interdiction. Design/methodology/approach Graph theory, a heuristic and a binary integer program are used in this paper. Findings This work allows transportation analysts at the United States Transportation Command to identify a relatively small number of roads or railways that, if interdicted by an enemy, could disrupt the flow of military cargo within any theater of operation. Research limitations/implications This research does not capture aspects of time, such as the reality that cargo requirements and enemy threats may fluctuate each day of the contingency. Practical implications This work provides military logistics planners and decision-makers with a vulnerability assessment of theater distribution routes, including insights into which specific roads and railways may require protection to ensure the successful delivery of cargo from ports of debarkation to final destinations. Originality/value This work merges network connectivity and flow characteristics with enemy threat assessments to identify militarily-useful roads and railways most vulnerable to enemy interdictions. A geographic combatant command recently used this specific research approach to support their request for rapid rail repair capability.

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Gaye, Samba, Lirane Mandjoupa, Dorian Davis, Justin An, Wagdy Mahmoud, lei wang, and Max Denis. "A numerical and experimental study of micrometeorological effects on urban sound propagation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015613.

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In this work, the influence of micrometeorological effects on sound propagation in an urban street canyon is investigated numerically and experimentally. Numerical simulations of acoustic propagation are based on sound particle propagation simulation method. Numerical data are generated for urban street canyons of various widths and height ratios. Experimental data are obtained from longitudinal measurements of urban street canyons in the United States. Temperature and wind profiles are obtained from ultrasonic anemometers and thermocouples. Measurements within and outside the street canyon are of particular interest. The experimental data are useful in integrating micrometeorological effects into the acoustic propagation model. Preliminary numerical results and measurements are presented and discussed.

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28

Warren, Spring. "Screen Captures: Americans on Google Street." Boom 2, no. 4 (2012): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2012.2.4.18.

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Doug Rickard is a photographer from Sacramento, California, whose ambitious project “A New American Picture” incorporates images of contemporary American Life from across the United States. Rickard, however, spent the thousands of travel hours logged for this project sitting in a darkened studio and virtually driving the byways of Google Street View (GSV). He has moved through and captured images from desolate areas reeling from the effects of racial inequality, the grim effects of poverty, and the failures in social history. The images both indict the barbarity of power and evoke the strange beauty of a shattered environment.

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29

Kaufman, Rebekah A., Mahwish Mallick, Jarvis Thanex Louis, Mollie Williams, and Nancy Oriol. "The Role of Street Medicine and Mobile Clinics for Persons Experiencing Homelessness: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 6 (June 12, 2024): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060760.

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Introduction: An estimated 5800 to 46,500 lives are lost due to homelessness each year. Experiencing homelessness and poor health are cyclically related, with one reinforcing the other. Mobile programs, which include vehicles that travel to deliver care, and street medicine, the act of bringing care to spaces where PEH live, may play a role in alleviating this burden by providing trusted, affordable, and accessible care to this community. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature on the role of mobile clinics and street medicine in providing care for PEH by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science on 10 August 2023. Articles from 2013 to 2023 specific to programs in the United States were included. The protocol was developed following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The primary outcome was the role of mobile programs for persons experiencing homelessness. Results: A total of 15 articles were included in this review. The descriptive findings emphasized that street medicine and mobile clinics provide primary care, behavioral health, and social services. The utilization findings indicate that street medicine programs positively impact the health system through their ability to defer emergency department and hospital visits, providing financial benefits. The comparative findings between mobile programs and office-based programs indicate current successes and areas for improvement. Discussion: Mobile clinics and street medicine programs that serve PEH provide a wide range of services. While more significant structural change is needed to address healthcare costs and housing policies in the United States, mobile clinics and street medicine teams can improve healthcare access and the healthcare system.

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30

Oliver, William. "Inner-City Rural: The Transmission of Problematic Black Male identities from Urban to Black Rural Communities in the United States." Masculinities & Social Change 2, no. 3 (October 21, 2013): 290–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4471/mcs.2013.36.

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This paper introduces the term inner-city rural to describe a conceptual framework that seeks to explain the transmission of urban and street-based alternative constructions of black manhood identities to majority black rural counties in the United States. The central theoretical argument advanced in this paper is that exposure to urban street culture as it is represented in some versions of gangsta rap and hip hop music, videos and culture is a major mechanism by which marginalized African American males residing in rural communities come to internalize and enact problematic urban male street-based masculine identities.

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Grace, Nabil F., Frederick C. Navarre, Richard B. Nacey, Wayne Bonus, and Loris Collavino. "Design-Construction of Bridge Street Bridge — First CFRP Bridge in the United States." PCI Journal 47, no. 5 (September 1, 2002): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.09012002.20.35.

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32

Holz, Rose. "Birth Control on Main Street: Organizing Clinics in the United States, 1916–1939." Annals of Iowa 70, no. 1 (January 2011): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.1521.

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33

Nielsen, D. G., E. R. Hart, M. E. Dix, M. J. Linit, J. E. Appleby, M. Ascerno, D. L. Mahr, D. A. Potter, and J. A. Jones. "Common Street Trees and Their Pest Problems in the North Central United States." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 11, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1985.052.

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34

Rosen, R. L. "Birth Control on Main Street: Organizing Clinics in the United States, 1916-1939." Journal of American History 97, no. 4 (March 1, 2011): 1154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaq109.

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35

Flores, Edward. "The History of Street Gangs in the United States: Their Origins and Transformations." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 45, no. 6 (October 18, 2016): 751–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306116671949x.

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36

Knight, S. "The fast and the fatal: street racing fatal crashes in the United States." Injury Prevention 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2003.003566.

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37

Ma, Bingqian, Richard J. Hauer, Hongxu Wei, Andrew K. Koeser, Ward Peterson, Ken Simons, Nilesh Timilsina, Les P. Werner, and Chengyang Xu. "An Assessment of Street Tree Diversity: Findings and Implications in the United States." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 56 (December 2020): 126826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126826.

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38

Arafat Payne, Yasser. "“Street Life” as a Site of Resiliency: How Street Life–Oriented Black Men Frame Opportunity in the United States." Journal of Black Psychology 34, no. 1 (February 2008): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798407310852.

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39

Fisher, Margaret E. "So What Is Street Law Anyway – A U.S. Perspective." International Journal of Public Legal Education 1, no. 1 (October 11, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijple.v1i1.641.

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<p>This article briefly explores the current problems surrounding young people’s knowledge, skills and engagement in the civic life of the democracy in the United States and the contributions that public legal education or civic learning<a title="" href="file:///X:/Academic%20Library%20Services/Research%20Support%20Team/Scholarly%20Publications/OJS/International%20Journal%20of%20Public%20Legal%20Education/05%20Margaret%20Fisher.docx#_ftn1">[1]</a> can make to improving youth engagement as members of a democracy. The article will acknowledge the contribution made by the law-related education movement of the 1950s. More specifically, the article will explore the history of a law school based program - Street Law -- that describes the most important way that law schools in the United States contribute to civic learning. Finally, the article will reveal the actual source of the term “Street Law” and the ongoing impact that Street Law has on the young people and the law students who teach it.</p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p><a title="" href="file:///X:/Academic%20Library%20Services/Research%20Support%20Team/Scholarly%20Publications/OJS/International%20Journal%20of%20Public%20Legal%20Education/05%20Margaret%20Fisher.docx#_ftnref1">[1]</a> I will use the term “civic learning,” instead of public-legal education, which is the more common term in Washington State and in many other states in the U.S.</p></div></div>

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40

Pavlov, Venelin. "Regarding requirements for the design and installation of elements for passive safety of passenger trains operated by the Bulgarian State Railways." IMK-14 - Istrazivanje i razvoj 27, no. 4 (2021): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/imk2104157p.

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When designing a new generation passenger train, it is necessary to provide for the existence of a passive safety system (PSS) integrated in its construction, which should ensure the protection of passengers and service personnel in the event of the most probable emergency collisions. The article provides an excerpt from statistics of accidents and incidents related to railway transport for the Bulgarian State Railways, which show the need to improve safety. The aim of the study is to develop energy absorption devices included in the PSS of high-speed passenger trains of a new generation. The article discusses the requirements for the harmonization of European safety standards and regulations in force in Russia and the United States. The main concepts of passive safety equipment and possibilities for application in the construction of passenger trains in operation of the Bulgarian State Railways (HoldingBDZ EAD - BDZ - Passenger Transport EOOD) are indicated

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Hopps, Helen, Sandra Tyler, and Beth Warner. "Working with D.C.'s Homeless Hispanic Street Kids." Practicing Anthropology 11, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.11.2.j388821t68323353.

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It's illegal to be a homeless minor in the United States. And if you happen to be a young Hispanic on your' own, without much English or any papers, you've really got problems. This is the predicament faced by an unknown and largely ignored number of young people in the cities of North America. Working with street youth (designated by the federal government as PINS—Persons in Need of Supervision) is different from working with homeless adults or homeless families.

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McPherson, E. Gregory. "Expenditures Associated with Conflicts between Street Tree Root Growth and Hardscape in California, United States." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 26, no. 6 (November 1, 2000): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2000.036.

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A survey of 18 California cities indicated that approximately $70.7 million (se $11.1 million) was spent annually statewide due to conflicts between street tree root growth and sidewalks, curbs and gutters, and street pavement. The largest single expenditure was for sidewalk repair ($23 million, se $9.5 million), followed by curb and gutter repair ($11.8 million, se $2.6 million), and trip and fall payments and legal staff time ($10.1 million, se $2.2 million). Property owners paid 39% and 17% of tree-related sidewalk and curb and gutter repair costs, respectively. Substantial funds were invested to remove and replace trees in conflict with hardscape ($6.8 million, se $3.6 million), and for inspection and repair administration programs ($5.9 million, se $1.3 million). Root pruning ($2.5 million, se $2.0 million) and root barriers ($676,854, se $175,655) were the most important mitigation and prevention measures. Restricted planting space and the type of tree species selected were reported as the most important factors responsible for hardscape damage.

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Zunjarwad, Renu. "Nostalgia, Co-creation, and Practice of Design." Cultural Syndrome 2, no. 1 (July 29, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/cs.v2i1.243.

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The study proposes that the research design integrating co-creation, interviews, and visual analysis can effectively operationalize a difficult concept of gastronomic nostalgia surrounding ethnic food artifacts. I employed an example of Mumbai’s street foods to examine consumption, production, and distribution practices and compared the cities of Mumbai, India, and Phoenix, United States. Rigorous qualitative analysis of the data gathered from fourteen Indian immigrants in Phoenix suggested that consumption declined when street foods’ core identity shifted in Phoenix. I discovered that the differences in having street foods in sit-down settings or the lack of a public street food culture might never be bridged in Phoenix. However, specific production and distribution strategies rooted in nostalgic memories from Mumbai may boost consumption.

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Dawson, Michael C., and Lawrence D. Bobo. "ONE YEAR LATER AND THE MYTH OF A POST-RACIAL SOCIETY." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 6, no. 2 (2009): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x09990282.

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Many commentators, both conservative and liberal, have celebrated the election of Barack Obama as president of the United States, claiming the election signified America has truly become a “post-racial” society. It is not just Lou Dobbs who argues the United States in the “21st century [is a] post-partisan, post-racial society.” This view is consistent with beliefs the majority of White Americans have held for well over a decade: that African Americans have achieved, or will soon achieve, racial equality in the United States despite substantial evidence to the contrary. Indeed, this view is consistent with opinions found in the Boston Globe, Wall Street Journal, New York Times, and elsewhere—attitudes that even the tragic events following the Katrina disaster had nothing to do with race.

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Dovganiuk, Anatolii. "Historical and urban-planing development оf the Pryvokzalnii district of Chernivtsi." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 66 (April 14, 2023): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2023.66.105-125.

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The article highlights the territorial development of the Pryvokzalnii district of the city in the Austro-Hungarian, Romanian, and Soviet periods of the development of the city of Chernivtsi. The development of the streets of the Pryvokzalnii district, which to some extent, was included in the list of architectural monuments of local importance, was considered. The urban planning documentation of the city was analyzed, and the project of the detailed plan of the Pryvokzalnii district, which was developed during the Soviet period, was considered. In 1972, the Lviv Branch of the Ukrainian State Urban Planning Institute "Mistoproject" developed a detailed planning project for the Pryvokzalnii district of Chernivtsi. The projected district is located in the close proximity to the central and northern industrial districts of the city and is intended for resettlement of workers employed at enterprises located in these districts. The territory which is covered by the detailed planning project, has a complex topography. Due to the great steepness of the slopes and the presence of landslides, a large part of the territory is unsuitable for residential and public buildings and could only be used for the creation of green massifs. There area number of industrial enterprises on the territory of the district. The most significant of them are a shoe and a brewery factories located in its northeastern part along Haharin Street. Near the railway station on Nikitin Street there was a site of a winery, knitting and hosiery factories. The city-wide main road passes through the district - Haharin Street, on which the main connection of the right-bank and left-bank districts of the city is carried out via the bridge to the Prut River, as well as access to external routes - settlements of neighbouring districts of the region. Project architectural and planning organization of the territory - the main principles of the planning and spatial solution of the district are determined by its location and scale in the system of other entities of the city, the specificity of natural conditions and the order of development of the territory. The quarter of the new development, located in an amphitheatre facing Haharin Street, in combination with high-rise accents located on the most exposed areas and completing the axial perspectives of the main thoroughfares, will naturally fit into the existing landscape of the planned area. The project paid great attention to solving the silhouette formation of the district both from the side of the main entrances to the city and from its central part. The new building according to the project is located on a high terrace of the Prut River in combination with an interesting and diverse landscape of the territory, should form and significantly enrich the silhouette of the entire city. For this purpose, the project envisaged the construction of several groups of high-rise buildings and service complexes in the most exposed areas of the district. The transport connection of the district with the city centre and the northern industrial district was planned and carried out along Haharin Street (currently Vokzalna Street). The city ring highway is designed along the Klokuchka River, it will connect the Pryvokzalnii district with the new districts of the southern part of the city and recreation and sports areas. Significant areas of the district, unsuitable for construction due to the presence of steep terrain and landslides, are intended for the creation of large parks and gardens, forming a single system of green areas of the city. It is also planned to straighten and strengthen the Prut River, with the construction of a promenade. The community centre of the district is located on the lower terraces along Haharin Street and the upper terraces along Berezhanska Street and is united into a single complex by a system of retaining walls, viewing platforms, stairs and separate service facilities. The development of the district was supposed to be implemented in two stages lasting 10-15 years each. The first stage of development includes a block of buildings on the slopes between Haharin and Berezhanska streets, as well as on a high plateau in the block of Haharin and Naddvirnianska streets. The planned building will form the entrance to the city and will significantly improve the aesthetic perception of the entire district. At the second stage, the territory between Berezhanska and Zolochevska Streets, between the projected ring road and Chernyshevskii Street, will be developed. The development of the district in its most elevated northwestern part is being completed. The basis of the solution for residential development is the principle of arranging residential complexes from block-sections of different storeys of the 67 series, developed by KyivZNDIEP (Kyiv Zonal Research Institute of Experimental Construction) for construction in seismic areas of the Ukrainian SSR. The composite approach to the construction of residential structures takes into account the specific natural conditions of the area, characterized by significant slopes of the relief and strong dismemberment of areas suitable for residential construction. The development is mostly solved by long "continuous" houses of various configurations, composed of block sections of different storeys with corner and T-shaped inserts. This method of construction achieves a clear organization of internal living spaces and a more intensive use of the territory in the presence of complex terrain. The total housing stock of the projected area is 197.6 thousand m2. Cultural and household services for the population of the district are decided according to a two-level system - everyday and periodic. All types of establishments are located within walking distance, taking into account the standard service radius. The project envisaged the organization of parks, squares, the construction of embankments and pedestrian paths within residential quarters and groups of buildings. A complete reconstruction of the existing streets and the construction of new ones with the arrangement of the covering of driveways and sidewalks and the planting of green spaces along the streets were foreseen. The arrangement of residential buildings with open nodes open to favourable winds and sunlight ensures ventilation and insolation of the interior spaces of the territory. In this way, having researched the historical and town-planning development and analyzed in detail the town-planning documentation of the Soviet period of the development of the station district of the city of Chernivtsi, the following conclusions can be drawn from the material presented above: - the urban development of this district directly depended on the city-forming enterprises of the Central, partly Northern industrial districts of the city, because the formation of the development of the districts of the district, in particular, the housing stock was also formed for the workers of the enterprises; - the planned development of the first stage or stage of development of the district was supposed to form the entrance to the city and to a large extent improve the aesthetic perception of the entire district, but unfortunately, under one or another circumstances, this was not destined to happen - the first stage of development remained in the project drawings; - on the territory of the district there are abandoned buildings and structures of various purposes that were built in different eras of the development of the Railway Station District and the city of Chernivtsi; - further development of the territory is possible in the case of revitalization, reconstruction of abandoned territories of former industrial enterprises, change of purpose of territories, plots of industrial zones for residential construction and objects of daily service.

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Nowak, David, and Rowan Rowntree. "History and Range of Norway Maple." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 16, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1990.064.

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The Norway maple, Acer platanoldes, was introduced into the United States about 1756 after being cultivated in England since 1683. This species remained in relative obscurity in the U.S. until the mid- to late-1800's, but is now one of the most popular urban trees. In certain regions of the United States, Norway maples dominate street tree populations and commonly escape to compete with native species. The extensive use of this species in North America has led to various problems across its new range. Some of these problems may be overcome by future introductions from its native range in Eurasia

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Plum, Timothy. "Book Review: <em>Last Train to Auschwitz The French National Railways and the Journey to Accountability</em>." Genocide Studies and Prevention 15, no. 2 (October 2021): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.15.2.1839.

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The book Last Train to Auschwitz: The French National Railways and the Journey to Accountability, written by Sarah Federman traces the SNCF’s journey toward accountability in France and the United States. Told from the Holocaust survivors’ perspective the volume illustrates the long-term effects of the railroad’s complicity with the Nazis on individuals, and transitional justice that leads to corporate accountability. In a time when corporations are increasingly granted the same rights as people, Federman’s detailed account demonstrates the obligations businesses to atone for aiding and abetting governments in committing atrocities.

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Travis, Anthony Stewart. "First Steps: Synthetic Ammonia in the United States." Substantia 5, no. 2 (September 9, 2021): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/substantia-1181.

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The synthetic ammonia industry, originally based on Fritz Haber's 1909 invention of a catalytic high-pressure method as scaled up by Carl Bosch at BASF, grew globally in the years following World War I, based on the processes of Brunner, Mond & Co. (Britain), Luigi Casale (Italy), Georges Claude (France), and Giacomo Fauser (Italy). The ammonia was mainly converted into ammonium sulphate fertilizer. There was less impetus in the United States for taking up these developments, because America relied on ammonium sulphate from its by-product coke ovens, sodium nitrate (Chilean nitrate) from South America, ammonia from coal gas works, and calcium cyanamide as manufactured by the American Cyanamid Company. Even when a synthetic ammonia industry started up in the United States, it was on a smaller scale than in Europe. However there emerged just before the Wall Street Crash two major producers of synthetic ammonia, Allied Chemical and Du Pont. This article presents a historical reconstruction of the early synthetic ammonia industry in the United States focusing on the 1920s, paying particular attention to Du Pont's success, which relied on the ammonia process of Casale. Standard accounts suggest that Du Pont acquired Casale technology as the result of a straightforward business acquisition. However, the situation, as shown here, was far more complex. Du Pont had to engage in aggresive litigation in order to acquire rights to the Casale process in 1927.

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Lybecker, Martin E. "Financial Services Supervision in the United States: The House of Representatives Has Spoken." European Company Law 7, Issue 2 (April 1, 2010): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eucl2010013.

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This is a follow-up on Lybecker’s article in ECL Volume 6, Issue 5, about financial reform in the US. On 11 December 2009 the US House of Representatives approved the so-called Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2009. Although work in the US Senate, in particular by its Committee on Banking, Housing & Urban Affairs, has not yet proceeded as far as the work in the House, this contribution discusses the main features of the Act as approved by the House.

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Ra, Kwang Hyun, and Mansoo Kim. "A study on the organization and function of Amtrak Police in the United States." Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice 31, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2022.31.3.123.

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In that the railway police are in a different environment from the general police, the Korea Railway Police are established and operated in Korea, and the railway police are operated by local governments and railroad corporations in foreign countries. In the case of railway police in Korea, there have been criticisms on the functions, jurisdiction, and operation, such as raising questions about whether public police activities are appropriate for private company’s operating areas. In this regard, in this paper, the organization and function of Amtrak Police were reviewed to derive implications for the Korea Railway Police. Amtrak Police employs more than 400 police officers and civilian staff with a budget of approximately $80 million, and performs passenger safety-accident prevention and corporate security functions as well as general police functions on railways. However, despite the increase in the demand for security on the railway, there seems to be some problems with the stability of the organization, such as the planned reduction of manpower. Several implications were presented in relation to the analysis of the functions and manpower of Amtrak police.

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