Relevant bibliographies by topics / Railways (Street), United States

Academic literature on the topic 'Railways (Street), United States'

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Published: 25 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Railways (Street), United States"

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Friedricks, William B. "A Metropolitan Entrepreneur Par Excellence: Henry E. Huntington and the Growth of Southern California, 1898–1927." Business History Review 63, no. 2 (1989): 329–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115699.

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Henry E. Huntington, according to the following article, placed his imprint on the development of his region, the Los Angeles basin, to an extent unique among urban entrepreneurs. His great wealth and foresight, and especially his interests in street railways, real estate development, and hydroelectric power, enabled him to become a de facto city planner for one of the most important metropolitan regions in the United States.
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Cohen, Jim. "Divergent Paths, United States and France: Capital Markets, the State, and Differentiation in Transportation Systems, 1840–1940." Enterprise & Society 10, no. 3 (September 2009): 449–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700008132.

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Why do the United States and France, both capitalist economies that were dominated by private railways in the 19th and early 20th centuries, have very different transport systems today? After World War II France developed 200 mph high speed trains, while railways in the United States declined to near irrelevance. This paper argues that cross-national divergence was caused by private and public actions that structured capitalmarkets and controlled planning. In the United States private financial institutions used capital markets to shape rail development. In France, by way of contrast, the state directly intervened in financial markets and controlled planning. Both systems thrived until World War I. But, then, faced with growing competition from cars, buses and trucks and burdened by excessive debt, they declined towards bankruptcy. The Great Depression became a defining moment as a Socialist-dominated government in France nationalized railways while in the United States, President Roosevelt's New Deal failed to enact policies to ensure the competitive viability of rail in relation to motorized transport. Rarely used archival sources provide much of the evidence for this argument.
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Barrington-Leigh, Christopher, and Adam Millard-Ball. "A century of sprawl in the United States." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 27 (June 15, 2015): 8244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504033112.

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The urban street network is one of the most permanent features of cities. Once laid down, the pattern of streets determines urban form and the level of sprawl for decades to come. We present a high-resolution time series of urban sprawl, as measured through street network connectivity, in the United States from 1920 to 2012. Sprawl started well before private car ownership was dominant and grew steadily until the mid-1990s. Over the last two decades, however, new streets have become significantly more connected and grid-like; the peak in street-network sprawl in the United States occurred in ∼1994. By one measure of connectivity, the mean nodal degree of intersections, sprawl fell by ∼9% between 1994 and 2012. We analyze spatial variation in these changes and demonstrate the persistence of sprawl. Places that were built with a low-connectivity street network tend to stay that way, even as the network expands. We also find suggestive evidence that local government policies impact sprawl, as the largest increases in connectivity have occurred in places with policies to promote gridded streets and similar New Urbanist design principles. We provide for public use a county-level version of our street-network sprawl dataset comprising a time series of nearly 100 y.
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Benge, Joe. "Street View." Transfers 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2013.030210.

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Divall, Colin. "Railways in Britain and the United States, 1830-1940 (review)." Technology and Culture 44, no. 2 (2003): 387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2003.0062.

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Bletzer, Keith V. "Fighting in Agricultural Areas of the Southeastern United States." Studies in Social Science Research 1, no. 1 (May 27, 2020): p57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v1n1p57.

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In the scientific literature, interest in male aggression is driven by views that consuming alcohol increases the likelihood of fighting. This literature mostly focuses on barrooms. Ethnographic research generally stays clear of associating bars with fighting by exploring the expressive dimensions of drunken comportment and/or (less often) the antecedents to fighting, which may take place in a variety of settings. Based on long-term fieldwork among farm laborers across the Eastern and Midwestern United States, and an analysis of field data from one agricultural home-base community, this article examines implications of fighting among farmworkers who spend time in bars and taverns (la cantina) and/or the street (la calle). Street settings were found to be more volatile than bars and taverns in agricultural areas in relation to “scrapping” among men, and, thus, more likely to end in fight-related injury. Nonetheless, men often engaged in forms of impression management that expressed their masculinity, as well as effectively avoided potential violence and possible injury.
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Schroeder, Herbert, John Flannigan, and Richard Coles. "Residents’ Attitudes Toward Street Trees in the UK and U.S. Communities." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2006.030.

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Research on residents’ attitudes has shown that street trees are highly valued elements of the urban environment and that their benefits far outweigh their annoyances. Much of this research was done in communities in the United States, and it is uncertain whether the findings can be generalized to other communities or countries. We compared residents’ opinions of street trees, perceptions of the benefits and annoyances trees provide, and preferences for tree size, shape, and growth rate between three communities in the United States and the United Kingdom. Overall, opinions of nearby street trees were positive and did not differ between the two UK communities and the U.S. community. Respondents in the UK communities rated annoyances as more serious, shade as less of a benefit, and physical benefits as more significant than did the residents of the U.S. community. Respondents in the two UK communities also preferred smaller trees with slower growth rates. Although these comparisons cannot be used to make inferences about differences between the entire United Kingdom and United States, they do suggest some specific ways in which community characteristics such as climate and proximity of trees to houses may contribute to variation in attitudes toward trees.
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Richardson, Matthew, Kermit L. Schoenholtz, and Lawrence J. White. "Deregulating Wall Street." Annual Review of Financial Economics 10, no. 1 (November 2018): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110217-022513.

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We argue that implementation of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act has contributed significantly to the reduction of systemic risk in the United States. However, Dodd-Frank also introduced burdensome rules that have little to do with systemic risk. This article evaluates the trade-off between capital regulation and regulation of scope in the context of Dodd-Frank, with a particular emphasis on the Volcker Rule. Recent regulatory reforms aimed at rolling back Dodd-Frank are evaluated and discussed.
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Bechtold, Rebeccah. "“Opera of the Street”: City Noise and the Street Musician in the Northeastern United States." Nineteenth Century Studies 31 (January 1, 2019): 79–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/ninecentstud.31.2019.0079.

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Button, Kenneth. "Is there any economic justification for high-speed railways in the United States?" Journal of Transport Geography 22 (May 2012): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.01.025.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Railways (Street), United States"

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Florer, Samuel C. "Memories in Stone/Reconstructing the Street." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153826.

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Memories in Stone: The Confederate Catawba Monument Controversies surrounding Confederate monuments and symbols have brought increased attention to issues of Civil War memory. Often overlooked, Native Americans play an important role in the ways in which some people remember the conflict. A particularly interesting example of this role exists in Fort Mill, South Carolina. in 1900, the town unveiled a limestone monument to Catawba Indians who served in the Confederate Army. These Native people had a specific historical relationship with local and state authorities that shaped how the white ruling class formed a particular memorialization of the Catawba after the Civil War. Furthermore, the two leading local figures in the monument's creation had strong personal motivations to sponsor it. These factors combined with national trends in Civil War memorialization to make the Catawba monument a unique, yet still representative, example of Civil War memory making. Unique in that the design and message of the monument served a local purpose of permanently enshrining the white population's version of Catawba history in Fort Mill's public space, and representative in that it bolstered the ideals of Lost Cause ideology that swept the country at the turn of the twentieth century. Caught between these powerful ideas were the Catawba themselves, who utilized the beliefs represented by the monument for their own strategic goals. Reconstructing the Street: Confrontations Over Norfolk's Public Sphere, 1862-1866 on April 16, 1866, several hundred African Americans marched through the streets of Norfolk, Virginia to celebrate the passage of the Civil Rights Bill of 1866. on the outskirts of town, a fight occurred between white onlookers and black marchers. Violence continued into the night, as white assailants prowled the streets of the city and killed several black people. This violence, which soon became known as the Norfolk Riot, garnered national attention. But it was not an exceptional event. Rather, it was one of many violent contests between white and black people over who had access to, and influence in, Norfolk's public spaces. Reconstruction brought irreversible changes to Norfolk's political and civic status quo. Previously excluded from or constrained within the city's public sphere, formerly enslaved and free black inhabitants seized the opportunities presented by the Civil War to exercise their demands for full access to it. However, white residents consistently resisted these claims, often resorting to organized violence. By examining several violent disputes that took place prior to April 16th, the Norfolk Riot can be contextualized as but one of a series of similar battles between the city's white and black communities centered around control of Norfolk's civic arena.
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Ingle, William Von. "Life for the city : evaluating the pedestrian quality of the street." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23778.

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Li, Haoang. "Streetcars Across America: An Analysis of the Growth and Decline of Electric Urban Railways in the United States from Directory Data." Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27119.

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This thesis report describes the extraction of records from the McGraw Electric Railway Manuals to rectify the lack of documentation around streetcar systems through technological means, and discusses the appropriateness of using technology to analyse century-old directories. The extracted records are analysed on a metropolitan, state and national level, and fitted to logarithmic S-curve models to describe their growth and decline.
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Sughrue, Matthew Brian. "Do Street Dwellers Dream? A Phenomenological Study of the Chronically Homeless in the United States." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49587.

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Chronically homeless individuals, or Street Dwellers, present unique challenges for clinicians and outreach workers who engage them when offering services like food, shelter, clothing, healthcare and mental health counseling including substance abuse treatment. This study examines Street Dwellers\' hopes, dreams and aspirations for a better life. Through thematic analysis of interview statements five themes emerged; Normal Life, Optimism, Planning, Helping Others, and From Rags to Respect. Study findings suggest that Street Dwellers dream vividly and often about a life off the streets while frequently forming and reforming plans to get there. These findings provide clinicians and outreach workers insight into the phenomenon of Street Dwelling that could be used to design more effective strategies to help this vulnerable population.
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Fournier, Martine. "Rails and ties : a comparison of late nineteenth-century images of western railways in Canada and the United States." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0019/MQ47873.pdf.

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Ferris, Peter O. "Doctrinal preaching that connects an expository sermon series on 14 key doctrines delivered in the 25th Street Chapel pulpit for the contemporary worship service at Fort Hood, Texas /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2004. http://www.tren.com.

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Sandefur, Sarah Jo. "Beyond "Sesame Street": Early literacy development in educational television programs from Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187434.

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This study addresses the potential of preschool educational television programs to contribute to the literacy development of young children. Unlike the vast majority of television-related research undertaken in the United States, this examination is not limited to nationally-produced programming, but looks to other English-speaking countries for an international perspective on the problems and possibilities of literacy series developed for young children. Ten preschool educational television programs from Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States are examined via a videotape content analysis to determine the literacy potential of these program "texts." The literacy potential of children's broadcast texts has been determined within a broad framework of holistic language and learning theories developed by such researchers as Cambourne, Dewey, Eisner, Goodman, Harste, Holdaway, Rosenblatt, Smith, Vygotsky, and others. By composing a narrative of each sample episode; analyzing each program's use of visual, formic, and linguistic codes; constructing an argument for the applicability of holistic theories to television texts; and ultimately examining each sample episode through a holistic lens, a view of literacy-directed programming as it presently exists in four English-speaking countries is developed. The findings suggest that holistic learning principles applied to television texts hold great potential in providing valuable literacy-focused television events to children. Elements in the sample programs such as thematic integrity, explorations of ideas and concepts through sign systems, emphasis on child participation, language and ethnic diversity, regular inclusion of print on the screen from a variety of quality children's literature, and frequent inclusion of literacy events with children and adults demonstrated holistic principles in the sample episodes and contributed to the literacy potential of preschool programming. Characteristics of the episodes such as randomness, isolation of language subsystems from language wholes, failure to present literacy demonstrations, and exclusion of children from the visual text suggested ineffective television texts from which children had little opportunity to construct meaning. Concluding remarks explore the development of a prototypical holistic television program for preschoolers and suggest the benefits of such broadcast programs for children, their parents, media researchers/producers, and educators.
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Child, Kathleen Marie. "A Shop in the Back Street: Late Eighteenth Century Williamsburg Through the Ledgers of Blacksmith James anderson." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626586.

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Davis, Holly Rebecca. "Pimpin' ain't easy? : the lives of pimps involved in street prostitution in the United States of America." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14175.

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The pimp serves as an iconic ghetto hero who stands in street cultures as a figure that represents defiance, anti-establishment angst, and victorious criminality (Funches & Marriott 2002; Horton-Stallings, 2003). The American pimp has been brought into mainstream American culture through 1960’s literature, 1970’s Blaxploitation films, 1980’s hip hop and more recently, documentaries, films, books, music and television. The word ‘pimp’ has found its way into mainstream usage and popular caricatures of the pimp can be found in everything from Halloween costumes to ‘pimp and ho’ themed college parties. Despite being highly visible within mainstream culture, this character is still enigmatic as pimps are an underresearched population. Thus this thesis aims to uncover and unveil the lives and experiences of pimps involved in illegal prostitution to produce a more panoramic understanding of prostitution and an unexplored segment of major players within it. This thesis investigates the experiences and narratives of pimps involved in illegal, predominately street, prostitution in the USA. This research project stands to offer in-depth insight into the experiences of pimps in the United States within this unique subcultural context. In order to fill that literature gap, this research interviewed pimps and gathered data that explored how and why individuals become pimps, their personal histories, how they maintain their position as pimps, how pimps pimp, and the motivations for exit and/or retirement from The Game (the world of prostitution and pimping). More than just a managerial position, the role of the pimp also embraces a lifestyle with special rules, fashions and activities that create a unique and complex underground, criminal community. Rather than just presenting pimps as violent exploiters or ghetto heroes, this thesis examined the language of pimping, their orientation to their roles, the relationship between pimping and the surrounding communities and mainstream society, and explored this criminal career as a social role as well as career. With their childhood experiences of life in American ghettos leading to regular exposure to pimps and favorable impressions of illicit, underground careers, respondents came to ‘choose’ pimping as their career trajectory in their teens. Once dedicated to becoming pimps, many pimps underwent training with older pimps and later gained acceptance within the street community to earn their positions and status as pimps. When established within The Game, they started to practice ‘pimpology’ (pimp ideology) and to firmly establish their skills and methods of pimping. Two substantive chapters within this thesis are dedicated to addressing pimpology: pimpology covers the core processes, social connections and methods of management that are vital for a pimps success and survival in The Game. The aim of these chapters is to explore how pimps function as individuals, with the women who work for them, within their peer networks, and within their communities while they are actively pimping. And finally, exit from pimping will be explored. Issues such as age, exhaustion, family, health, drug addiction, trauma, imprisonment, law enforcement crackdowns and social betrayal all also act as further incentives for pimps to ‘hang up their pimp hat.’ This research has uncovered new themes and trends within the narratives of this hidden, underground subcultural population and offers great insights into the ‘career cycles’ of pimps. This project stands to fill a major gap within prostitution research as current literature lacks the perspectives and voices of pimps themselves. Within this research, a nuanced approach offers a unique view of the pimp and their complex roles and relationships within The Game. As an understudied population, pimps have rarely been the focus of academic inquiry; thus this research stands to contribute new perspectives, insights and data on a population that has remained enigmatic and well hidden from academic exploration for decades.
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Johnsen, Oyvind Mikal Rebnord. "Global, transnational and national social movements : the case study of occupy wall street." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86540.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Despite their lack of merits and demands, Occupy Wall Street (OWS) did become a defining feature in the short aftermath of the Financial Crisis and a part of the global occupy-movements during the protest year of 2011. As the founders and organisers behind the first encampments in Zuccotti Park called out for a "Tahrir moment" in the United States of America (US), few scholars or pundits had seen the leaderless movement coming. OWS spread across the US in the matter of months, hitting the media headlines gradually and more rapidly than any previous protest movement. Scholarly responses to OWS have been plentiful, and their categorisations of the OWS’ structure, demands and impact have been going in many different directions. This study attempts to debate and analyse the main research question; is OWS a new kind of a social movement? Even though there are several ways in which one may approach this question, the following will focus on the organisational structures, the political opportunity structures and the global linkages of OWS. The organisational structures has been debated by most, as the movement has a leaderless structure, it is ruled by consensus and supported by protesters from all social spheres, who came, protested and left as they pleased. The political and economic deficits, which gives way to the political opportunity structures of the movement, has not been this dramatic since the Great Depression. The Financial Crisis of 2008 has not only been defined as an economic crisis, but also a crisis of representative democracy. Furthermore, the global protest movements of 2011 have been similar in several ways. Even as all of them, be it Tahrir, 15M, in Greece or OWS, has been unique in matters of context, time and space, they share similarities in tactics, methods and fundamental demands - democracy and prosperity. The concluding statement to the research question is not clear-cut. Rather, it revokes former debates, which distinguished between old and new social movements, and implements a globalising civil society. A new kind of a social movement has come and gone, with elements of the earlier movements. It has added new modes of tactics, structures and demands, all formed by the present context. OWS is not an exception.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten spyte van hul gebrek aan eise en tasbare sukses, het “Occupy Wall Street (OWS) wel ’n definiërende kenmerk geword tydens kort naloop van die Finansiële Krisies, asook ’n deel van die globale beset-bewegings tydens die 2011 protesjaar. Daar was min akademici en kenners wat, ten tye van die eerste kamperings in Zuccotti Park en die eis deur die stigters en organiseerders van OWS vir ’n “Tahrir oomblik”, die opkoms van hierdie leierlose beweging voorsien het. Binne ’n kwessie van maande het OWS dwarsoor die VSA versprei, eers stadig en daarna vinniger die hoofopskrifte van die media gehaal as enige ander protes-beweging wat dit voorafgegaan het. Daar is heelwat akademiese bydraes (uit verskillende dissiplines) wat daarop gemik is om OWS te verstaan in terme van hoe om dit te kategoriseer, die struktuur daarvan, die eise wat gestel is en die impak daarvan. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die hoofnavorsingsvraag te bespreek en analiseer, naamlik; is OWS ’n nuwe soort sosiale beweging? Die benadering wat gevolg word is om te fokus om organisatoriese strukture, politieke geleentheidstrukture and die globale verbintenisse van OWS. Die organisatoriese strukture het die meeste aandag gekry in die literatuur tot dusver, aangesien die organisasie ’n leierlose struktuur het. Besluite word deur middel van konsensus geneem en ondersteuning word gewerf van protesteerders uit ’n verskeidenheid van sosiale sfere. Hierdie protesteerders het opgedaag, protes aangeteken, en weer vertrek na willekeur. Die politieke en ekonomiese terkortkominge van die kapitalistiese stelsel in die VSA, waarin die politieke geleentheidstrukture van die beweging geanker is, was, sedert die Groot Depressie, nie so skynbaar dramaties nie. Die Finansiële Krisies wat in 2008 sy hoogtepunt bereik het, word gedefinieer nie alleen as ’n ekonomiese krisies nie,maar ook as ’n krisies van verteenwoordigende demokrasie. Daarby is daar bevind dat die globale protesbewegings wat in 2011 gedy het, soortgelyke kenmerke gehad het. Nieteenstaande die feit dat Tahrir in Egipte, 15M, die Griekse protes-aksies en OWS wel as uniek gesien kan word in terme van konteks, tyd en ruimte, is daar ooreenkomste in taktiek, metodes en fundamentele eise: deelnemende demokrasie en welvaart vir almal. Die slotsom waartoe die tesis kom is nie definitief nie. Eerder, is die gevolgtrekking dat daar teruggegaan moet word na vorige debatte wat onderskeid getref het tussen ou en nuwe sosiale bewegings, en ook na die literatuur oor die moontlikheid van ’n globale burgerlike samelewing. Wat wel vasstaan is dat ’n nuwe soort sosiale beweging verskyn het en weer gekwyn het, wat aspekte van vorige bewegings omvat maar ook in duidelike terme van hulle verskil. In die opsig is OWS nie ’n uitsondering nie, met nuwe taktiek, strukture en eise wat almal gevorm is binne die huidige konteks.
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Books on the topic "Railways (Street), United States"

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Walt, Vielbaum, ed. San Francisco's Market Street Railway. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2004.

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Plano Conservancy for Historic Preservation, Inc. Plano and the interurban railway. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 2009.

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Thompson, Richard Martin. Portland's interurban railway. Charleston: Arcadia Pub., 2012.

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Patton, Thomas J. Lake Shore Electric Railway. Charleston, S.C: Arcadia, 2009.

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K, Stadler Kevin, ed. Seattle-Everett interurban railway. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 2010.

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Dennis, Lamont, and Doane Albert, eds. Lake Shore Electric Railway. Charleston, S.C: Arcadia, 2009.

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Crise, Steve. Pacific Electric Railway. Charleston, S.C: Arcadia Publishing, 2011.

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San Francisco's Municipal Railway: MUNI. Charleston, S.C: Arcadia Publishing, 2011.

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Charles, Bertram L. Whitehall Street. New York: Vantage Press, 1998.

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Jim, Walker. Pacific Electric red cars. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Railways (Street), United States"

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Sánchez-Jankowski, Martín. "Gangs, Culture, and Society in the United States." In Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs and Street Gangs, 25–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76120-6_2.

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Novak, Shannon A. "Partible Persons or Persons Apart: Postmortem Interventions at the Spring Street Presbyterian Church, Manhattan." In The Bioarchaeology of Dissection and Autopsy in the United States, 87–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26836-1_5.

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Smith, J. S., J. Sumner, F. Roumillat, G. M. Baer, and W. G. Winkler. "Epidemiological Analysis of Street Rabies Viruses from Enzootic Areas of the United States." In Rabies in the Tropics, 604–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70060-6_79.

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Sterner, Glenn. "A comparative case study of the Main Street Program in the United States." In The Routledge handbook of comparative rural policy, 508–13. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429489075-41.

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Procter, Ben. "The Newspaperman." In William Randolph Hearst, 37–58. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195112771.003.0003.

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Abstract San Francisco in the 1880s was the ‘queen of the Pacific;• the golden gate through which the hardy Argonauts of 1849 had funneled en route to the goldfields at Sutter’s Fort and the American River. Already the ninth largest city in the United States and recognized as the most important trading center west of Chicago-increasing in population from 34,780 in 1850 to almost 234,000 in 1880-San Francisco was “envied” by most Californians, historian R. Hal Williams observed, but “admired” by only a few. Like most cities of the post Civil War era, it had a plethora of problems that needed to be solved. While city leaders in the 1870s had wisely expanded the school system, doubled the size of law enforcement, created public parks, provided electric fire and police alarms for emergencies, and, most importantly, established a street railway system (including a cable car route), the city government, as established in the 1850s, was resistant to change. And why? It was boss riddled, with corruption and graft seemingly a fixed way of life. Because of its size and wealth, San Francisco dominated state politics for the benefit of its citizens and to the detriment of the rural areas. Hence a system of favors, of “spoils”for the victors, was a natural progression, of which Chris Buckley, “the blind boss of San Fran cisco;’ was the embodiment in the 1880s.
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"1 Introduction: Homelessness in the United States." In At Home on the Street, 1–26. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781685856854-002.

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Khatibloo, Mohamad. "Gang Culture in the United States." In The Re-Evolution of American Street Gangs, 117–38. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19237-8.

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"7. The Future of Sell-Side Research in the United States." In Wall Street Research, 113–37. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780804787123-009.

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Lindgren, James M. "“Shopping Is the Chief Cultural Activity in the United States”." In Preserving South Street Seaport, 125–48. NYU Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479822577.003.0006.

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"4. Bringing Southeast Asia to the Southeastern United States." In From Farm to Canal Street, 73–96. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501701238-006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Railways (Street), United States"

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Turla, Tejashree, Xiang Liu, Zhipeng Zhang, and Zheyong Bian. "Analysis of Train Collision Risk in the United States: 2001 to 2015." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6157.

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Railways have a substantial contribution to the economy of the United States. However, a train accident can result in casualties and extensive damages to infrastructure and the environment. Most of the prior research focused on derailments or grade-crossing accidents rather than the study of train collisions. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) identifies over 300 causes for all types of accidents, among which we aim to recognize the major factors that cause train collisions. Evaluating how collision frequency and severity vary with the accident cause is the key part of this research, in order to identify, evaluate and mitigate transportation risk. This paper presents a statistical analysis of passenger and freight train collisions in the United States from 2001 to 2015 to statistically analyze train collision frequency, severity, accident cause, and safety risk. The analysis finds that human errors and signal failures are among the most common causes of train collisions in U.S. in the 15-year study period. There is a significant decline in the overall train collision frequency by year. By observing these trends with respect to train collisions, possible accident prevention strategies could be developed and implemented accordingly.
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Thurston, David F. "Risk Based Broken Rail Detection on Railways." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3702.

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There has been a long debate among train control professionals related to broken rail detection; where it is required and how it is achieved. Despite this ongoing discussion, there has been little research in terms of the actual practical application of new technology or risk mitigation approaches since conventional track circuits have been applied to detect broken rails. This paper first looks at conventional broken rail detection as implemented with various track circuit types, then reviews the current research on alternate means of detection throughout the world. The paper will then quantify a risk based approach utilizing existing technologies to mitigate the broken rail requirements currently mandated for higher speed rail systems in the United States. Further, the implications for train control systems for both transit and the general system of railroads will be examined.
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Cockle, John. "Risk Acceptance and Application of the Common Safety Method in the United States." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5747.

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The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that will require passenger rail operators in the United States to develop a System Safety Program using a risk-based hazard management approach. Identified as 49 CFR, Part 270 System Safety Rule [1], the NPRM describes the basic requirements for a system safety program plan, including the need for a method for accepting risk. The NPRM does not, however, identify how the responsible party should actually go about managing risk. That is left up to the railways themselves. In Europe, hazard management is applied in the railroad industry (including high-speed rail systems) under the regulatory authority of the European Union. European Commission Regulation 352/2009/EC [2] outlines a Common Safety Method (CSM) on Risk Evaluation and Assessment for Railways of the European Union, commonly known as the CSM Regulation and the heart of the railway safety program in Europe. The CSM Regulation includes the standard risk assessment process elements: identification of the hazards, corresponding risks, mitigation measures to reduce the risk, and the resulting safety requirements to be fulfilled by the system under assessment. What sets the CSM Regulation apart from other risk assessment programs is that it provides a methodology for determining when acceptable risk is achieved. The risk acceptability of the system under assessment is evaluated using one or more of the following risk acceptance principles: a) The application of relevant codes of practice; b) A comparison with similar systems (reference systems); c) Explicit risk estimation. In essence, the responsible party can accept risk that has either been regulated to an acceptable level by an authority having jurisdiction or a widely-accepted industry practice, or if the risk has been successfully addressed by a similar railway system through that railway’s engineering and operational controls. If neither of these cases applies the responsible party can estimate the risk and choose to accept it or not. A common approach, even internationally, is to develop an explicit risk estimation process based on the U.S. Department of Defense Military Standard 882E (MIL-STD-882E) [3]. Safety hazards are identified, analyzed for risk (severity and probability), and mitigations are progressively applied until a level of safety is achieved that is as low as reasonably practicable. The California High-Speed Rail Authority (CHSRA) has adopted a risk-based hazard management program to achieve an acceptable level of safety for the design, construction, implementation and operation of the California High-Speed Rail System. CHSRA has deliberately used both domestic and international guidance and standards in the development of this program in an effort to apply the most up-to-date processes and philosophies, and to draw upon the impressive safety legacy of international high-speed railway operators. This paper will describe the relevant regulations and guidance (both domestically and internationally), review the elements of a risk acceptance program based upon the CSM Regulation, and apply the program to a select set of hazards to demonstrate how appropriate mitigations can be determined and residual risk accepted. The paper will also identify potential future applications for the CSM Regulation here in the United States, and will challenge the reader to manage hazards using a risk-based approach that incorporates the basic framework of the CSM Regulation.
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Marinković, Milica. "THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAYS IN FRANCE." In International scientific conference challenges and open issues of service law. Vol. 2. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of law, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxmajsko2.035m.

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The author gives an overview of the origin and development of railways in France. Created first for the needs of the mining industry, the railway quickly found its way into all branches of industry. Not only did the railway help the development of industry, but some economic branches, such as tourism, would not even exist in the form we know today without the railway. The development of railways and economy went hand in hand. By analyzing legal texts and decrees, as well as scientific papers from the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries, the author gives a picture of the place of the railway in the economic and personal life of France and the French. The state of France changed several different regimes during the 19th century, but the railway network, as a strategic asset, was continuously expanded over the decades. Unlike other liberal countries of the 19th century, such as Great Britain and the United States of America, in France the state apparatus had an active role in planning and regulating the railways.
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Macken, Jared. "The Ordinary within the Extraordinary: The Ideology and Architectural Form of Boley, an “All-Black Town” in the Prairie." In 111th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.63.

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In 1908, Booker T. Washington stepped off the Fort Smith and Western Railway train into the town of Boley, Oklahoma. Washington found a bustling main street home to over 2,500 African American citizens. He described this collective of individuals as unified around a common goal, “with the definite intention of getting a home and building up a community where they can, as they say, be ‘free.’” The main street was the physical manifestation of this idea, the center of the community. It was comprised of ordinary banks, store front shops, theaters, and social clubs, all of which connected to form a dynamic cosmopolitan street— an architectural collective form. Each building aligned with its neighbor creating a single linear street, a space where the culture of the town thrived. This public space became a symbol of the extraordinary lives and ideology of its citizens, who produced an intentional utopia in the middle of the prairie. Boley is one of more than fifty “All-Black Towns” that developed in “Indian Territory” before Oklahoma became a state. Despite their prominence, these towns’ potential and influence was suppressed when the territory became a state in 1907. State development was driven by lawmaker’s ambition to control the sovereign land of Native Americans and impose control over towns like Boley by enacting Jim Crow Laws legalizing segregation. This agenda manifests itself in the form and ideology of the state’s colonial towns. However, the story of the state’s history does not reflect the narrative of colonization. Instead, it is dominated by tales of sturdy “pioneers” realizing their role within the myth of manifest destiny. In contrast, Boley’s history is an alternative to this myth, a symbol of a radical ideology of freedom, and a form that reinforces this idea. Boley’s narrative begins to debunk the myth of manifest destiny and contrast with other colonial town forms. This paper explores the relationship between the architectural form of Boley’s main street and the town’s cultural significance, linking the founding community’s ideology to architectural spaces that transformed the ordinary street into a dynamic social space. The paper compares Boley’s unified linear main street, which emphasized its citizens and their freedom, with another town typology built around the same time: Perry’s centralized courthouse square that emphasized the seat of power that was colonizing Cherokee Nation land. Analysis of these slightly varied architectural forms and ideologies reorients the historical narrative of the state. As a result, these suppressed urban stories, in particular that of Boley’s, are able to make new contributions to architectural discourse on the city and also change the dominant narratives of American Expansion.
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Greene, Rob. "Vibration Control Design for Light Rail Transit: A Single Project With the Full Rainbow of Vibration Control Features: Case Study." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5617.

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Because of the recent emphasis on rail transit infrastructure expansion and rebuilding in the United States, there is concern about the potential adverse vibration effects on existing activities that are sensitive to vibration and ground-borne-noise located in proximity to new or reactivated rail system rights-of-way. A Southern California at-grade/elevated LRT system that is currently under construction required the design and specification of extensive vibration control features. The final design needed to include the entire range of vibration mitigation tools presented in the Federal Transit Administration guidance manual. Designs and Contract Specifications included simple single-layer ballast mats; multi-layer ballast mats; high-resilience direct fixation fasteners; potential wheel-squeal solutions; low-vibration special trackwork; continuously-supported, street-running, floating slab track; and discrete, steel-helical-spring-supported floating slab track. It is noteworthy that the discrete steel-spring-supported FST is the first use of this vibration control approach in an at-grade rail system in the United States. This paper will discuss the overall approach, data analysis, solutions development, and the final designs prepared for this project and how this information may be beneficial to other projects with similar issues.
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Xue, Xiaolong, Xiaoying Tang, Hongliang Lu, and Weiming Zhou. "Development and Prospect on Chinese Codes and Standards of Transportable Pressure Vessel." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45060.

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Due to hazardous chemicals with pressure inside and service in different areas, the transportable pressure vessels (TPV) are of high risks. Therefore, compulsory supervision should be carried out for the sake of security of TPVs all over the world. In China, TPV contains 5 categories, which are railway tank car, road tanker, tank container, tube trailer and tube container. In this paper, Chinese code and standard system of TPVs were introduced in detail by 5 levels, which are law, regulation, divisional regulation, safety technical regulation and standard. The scope and main content of the documents were presented briefly. The differences of the Chinese code and standard system were compared with that of EU and the United States. The causes of the differences were analyzed and some advices were brought forward. At last, basing on the current situation of the design, manufacture and inspection technology, the trends on development of Chinese codes and standards, tank material, design load, safety factor and allowable stress etc. of TPV were presented.
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Carolan, Michael, Benjamin Perlman, and David Tyrell. "Evaluation of Occupant Volume Strength in Conventional Passenger Railroad Equipment." In ASME 2008 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2008-74026.

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To ensure a level of occupant volume protection, passenger railway equipment operating on mainline railroads in the United States must be designed to resist an 800,000-lb compressive load applied statically along the line of draft. An alternative manner of evaluating the strength of the occupied volume is sought, which will ensure the same level of protection for occupants of the equipment as the current test, but will allow for a greater variety of equipment to be evaluated. A finite element (FE) model of the structural components of a railcar has been applied to examine the existing compressive strength test and evaluate selected alternate testing scenarios. Using simplified geometric and material properties, a generic single-level railcar model was constructed that captured the gross behaviors of the railcar without excessive processing time. When loaded, the carbody structure exhibits some single beam-like behaviors. Application of the existing 800 kip compressive load results in a significant bending moment as well as significant compressive forces. The alternative load cases examined show that a larger total compressive force may be distributed across the end structure of the railcar and result in similar stress levels throughout the structural frame as observed from application of the conventional proof load.
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Bandyopadhyay, Arkasama, Julia P. Conger, Michael E. Webber, and Benjamin D. Leibowicz. "A Decision Support Tool for Distributed Solar and Storage Investments: A Case Study in Austin, TX." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11068.

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Abstract This study builds a decision support tool to evaluate when it is a good economic decision (least cost with minimum discomfort) for the residential customer to invest in distributed energy resources (DERs) based on different electricity rate structures, DER ownership frameworks, and DER rebates offered by electric utilities. The tool is demonstrated using empirical electricity consumption data from Pecan Street Inc. (a non-profit entity based on Austin, Texas), residential rates from Austin Energy (the municipal electric utility in Austin, Texas), DER ownership costs from various nationwide pilot programs, and incentives offered by electric utilities in the United States. Results show that for constant electricity rates, the overall expenditure is least when the customer owns solar panels without storage, while for time-varying pricing structures, the least expensive scenario is one where the customer does not own any DERs. As the capital costs for DERs decline, utilities incentivize customer ownership of DERs, and more residential customers face the decision of whether to invest in DERs, this study aims to be a key tool in aiding that decision-making process.
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Akinshipe, Olaoluwa, and Clinton Aigbavboa. "Progress on Attempts to Reduce Energy Consumption Used for Road Illumination." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002215.

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Street lighting has become cheaper, more efficient, and easier to maintain due to the quality of research within this field.This report provides an exploratory account of the importance of an energy-efficient system suitable for highways and regular streets. Also, it evaluates the need for further research in the field of road lighting.The paper uses data sources from various geographical locations, including; South Africa, the United States and the Netherlands. This approach is adopted to discover a broader perspective of the constraints and methodologies employed to solve the same or similar problem, as results vary over different geographical locations worldwide.Judging by the amount of money spent, a typical home spends approximately 15% of its total electricity consumption on lighting. This makes the type of technology used for illumination to become increasingly essential. The introduction of energy-efficient Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) has made it much easier to shrink these consumption numbers. Considering all this in perspective, Artificial Intelligence may need to be widely adopted to reduce these numbers further.
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Reports on the topic "Railways (Street), United States"

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Claggett, Charles D. Two-Way Street or Two-Way Mirror? Will Canada's Future Army be able to Interoperate with the United States' Army After Next at the Operational and Tactical Level of War? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391922.

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Corbacho, Ana, Steve Brito, and Rene Osorio Rivas. Remittances and the Impact on Crime in Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011632.

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This working paper studies the effect of remittances from the United States on crime rates in Mexico. The topic is examined using municipal-level data on the percent of household receiving remittances and homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. Remittances are found to be associated with a decrease in homicide rates. Every 1 percent increase in the number of households receiving remittances reduces the homicide rate by 0.05 percent. Other types of crimes are analyzed, revealing a reduction in street robbery of 0.19 percent for every 1 percent increase in households receiving remittances. This decrease is also observed using a state-level panel in another specification. The mechanisms of transmission could be related to an income effect or an incapacitation effect of remittances increasing education, opening job opportunities, and/or reducing the amount of time available to engage in criminal activities.
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Kulhandjian, Hovannes. AI-based Pedestrian Detection and Avoidance at Night using an IR Camera, Radar, and a Video Camera. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2127.

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In 2019, the United States experienced more than 6,500 pedestrian fatalities involving motor vehicles which resulted in a 67% rise in nighttime pedestrian fatalities and only a 10% rise in daytime pedestrian fatalities. In an effort to reduce fatalities, this research developed a pedestrian detection and alert system through the application of a visual camera, infrared camera, and radar sensors combined with machine learning. The research team designed the system concept to achieve a high level of accuracy in pedestrian detection and avoidance during both the day and at night to avoid potentially fatal accidents involving pedestrians crossing a street. The working prototype of pedestrian detection and collision avoidance can be installed in present-day vehicles, with the visible camera used to detect pedestrians during the day and the infrared camera to detect pedestrians primarily during the night as well as at high glare from the sun during the day. The radar sensor is also used to detect the presence of a pedestrian and calculate their range and direction of motion relative to the vehicle. Through data fusion and deep learning, the ability to quickly analyze and classify a pedestrian’s presence at all times in a real-time monitoring system is achieved. The system can also be extended to cyclist and animal detection and avoidance, and could be deployed in an autonomous vehicle to assist in automatic braking systems (ABS).
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