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Journal articles on the topic 'Railway'
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1
Cleon, Louis-Marie, and Guido Lauriks. "Evaluation of Passenger Comfort in Railway Vehicles." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 15, no. 2 (June 1996): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239601500201.
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The evaluation of passenger comfort in railway vehicles is very important in railcar development. This article describes the experimental approach undertaken by the International Union of Railways to establish a method for the evaluation of passenger comfort in railway vehicles which has been validated on 800 ordinary passengers.
2
Li, Hao, and Ting Peng. "Analysis of Pricing Decision of the High-Speed Railway under Airline’s Competition: Based on the Same Route." International Journal of Business Studies and Innovation 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35745/ijbsi2021v01.02.0015.
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National policies on energy conservation and emission reduction call for the development of greener travel. The high-speed railway has irreplaceable advantages and status. At present, China’s high-speed railway mainly adopts a fixed pricing strategy, which has demerits such as insufficient demand and reduced profits, so that high-speed railway has a distinct disadvantage when competing with aviation. Accordingly, we investigate the high-speed railway’s optimal pricing strategy under the competition of airlines with the same route. Two pricing strategies are investigated for high-speed railway use: fixed pricing or dynamic pricing. Our analysis shows that dynamic pricing has positive effects on revenue and total social welfare. The development of high-speed railways is expected to play a major role in China’s transition to a low-carbon and green economic growth model, which is emphasized by the results.
3
Lin, Guiye, Luoning Xiang, and Kun Sang. "Scenic Railway Mapping: An Analysis of Spatial Patterns in France Based on Historical GIS." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11020099.
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Scenic railway refers to the trains that operate for tourism purposes, which are mainly maintained for facilitating leisure activities, scenic tours, and heritage experiences. As both an extension of railway heritage and an important redevelopment method, this concept is meaningful for the touristic development of historical railways but has received less attention in academia. To understand the tourism and landscape values of scenic railways from a geo-historical perspective and discuss the recent techniques and methods for railway tourism, this article first introduces the relationship between railway and landscape and the concept of scenic railway in French literature. Secondly, it analyzes the current distribution of French scenic railways based on geographic information system (GIS) tools. Through georeferencing, mapping, data relating and joining, calculating, and classifying, different groups of scenic railways are systemized and published online. Following statistical treatment, the pattern of distribution of scenic railways in comparison with the standard-gauge railway system in France is revealed. Based on the discussions on scenic railways, further study should focus more on the landscape evaluation of scenic railways and its integration with other spatial technologies for deeper geo-analysis. Moreover, the research results can serve as a reference for the development of relative railway heritage and tourist activities.
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Maskeliūnaitė, Lijana. "RAILWAYS IN LITHUANIA: FROM TSARIST RUSSIA TO RAIL BALTICA." Transport 36, no. 4 (December 8, 2021): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.16086.
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Lithuania is a transit country. It is a small but significant territory between East and West. This fact is substantiated by the history of the country railways, which started when Tsarist Russia launched the construction of the railway between Saint-Petersburg and Warsaw. There is not much research into the history of railways in Russia, also in Lithuania. Besides, not all available information is reliable due to the nihilistic attitudes towards Tsarism of that time. Only some of the railways in the former Soviet Union were written and talked about. The history of the Lithuania railway is not an exception. Different written sources provide a variety of dates for the first railway to be built in Lithuania. They mirror varied events in the history of Lithuanian railways, thus all of them must be taken into consideration. The article presents the evolution of Lithuanian railway transport from Tsarist Russia to Rail Baltica, which is the European railway project currently implemented in Lithuania. The article discusses the world’s first railways including the ones in Tsarist Russia when the history of Lithuanian railways started. The article also considers the building of the first railway in Lithuania, construction of railway stations, setting the transportation tariffs, selection of railway employees. The author of the article employs historical and online resources as well as a long-standing personal experience in railway transport. The research into Tsar Family’s diaries and historical novels makes it possible to disclose the facts that are not widely known. The author considers the future of Lithuania with reference to the construction of the European railway Rail Baltica. The article would be useful for the readers who are interested in the historical development and future of Lithuanian railways.
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Nanobashvili George, Nanobashvili George. "Transit Potential and Role of Georgian Railways in the Development of Georgian Economy." Economics 105, no. 09-10 (November 24, 2022): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/9-10/2022-131.
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The railway is an important sector of the economy of Georgia. Despite its small share in the gross domestic product of the country, its role in the socio-economic development of the country is large. "Georgian Railway" is the only railway operator in Georgia. The company mainly provides services related to cargo transportation and transports various types of cargo from Central Asia to the Black Sea. The Georgian Railways also provides passenger transport. The company has a vertically integrated business model, owning and managing tracks, stations, terminals, other railway infrastructure and rolling stock covering the entire railway system across Georgia. The main railway network of "Georgian Railways", together with the railway of Azerbaijan, forms the Caucasus Railway Corridor, which is a key segment of the Europe-Caucasus-Asia transport corridor (TRACECA). The main railway network of "Georgian Railways" is the shortest way connecting the Caspian Sea region and Central Asia with the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The mentioned location uniquely contributes to the positioning of Georgian Railways in the trade system of Europe, the Caspian Sea region and Central Asia. Therefore, its economic growth and sustainable development largely depends on the effective use of the potential of a transit country. In this regard, it is necessary for the railways to be able to offer profitable conditions to customers and their practical implementation, for which it is necessary to create a powerful modern infrastructure, which ensures guaranteed protection of cargoes, their fast transportation and reduction of transport costs. Priority is given to scientific and technological directions, which should expand the use of advanced inventions in railway transport and increase the competitiveness of Georgian transport services in the market. It is necessary to modernize the railways by planning innovative projects, which in turn are associated with large investments. Keywords: Management, transport, railway transport, competitiveness.
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Klapchuk, Volodymyr, Lesia Polyova, Liliya Loyak, and Iryna Mendela. "Major and local railways in Bukovina before World War I." Echa Przeszłości, no. XXIII/2 (December 7, 2022): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ep.8389.
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The article analyzes the history of railway transport in Bukovina. Railway connections have played and continue to play an important role in the social and economic development of the region. Railway connections created new opportunities for the organization of cost-effective passenger and cargo transport. Railway lines organically combined passenger needs with the region’s economic interests. Railway transport also facilitated the general mobilization in the country on the eve of World War I. The study explores the evolution of major and local railways in Bukovina. The strategic importance of the network of major and local railways for the region’s development and its positive impact on all areas of life in Bukovina were analyzed. Special emphasis was placed on the strategic importance of Bukovina’s railways in the overall railway system of the Habsburg Empire. The study demonstrated that on the eve of the World War I at the beginning of the 20th century, Bukovina had numerous connections to external railways and played an important role in Austria-Hungary’s railway system. The railway system contributed to Bukovina’s status as a trade hub that exchanged goods with other districts in the empire as well as foreign partners.
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Zhang, Mengmeng, Jiang Xu, and Calvin King Lam Chung. "Politics of Scale, Bargaining Power and Its Spatial Impacts: Planning for Intercity Railways in the Pearl River Delta, China." China Quarterly 243 (January 29, 2020): 676–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574101900153x.
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AbstractThe recent proliferation of China's railways has posed challenges to the dominance of the national-level railway authority on railway development. Since the 2000s, the planning of new railways has evolved into a politics of scale in which actors across multiple scales of government have bargained over railway alignment and station siting for their respective interests. This politics is shaped by the uneven bargaining powers of the contending state agents over railway planning. Interscalar division of regulatory oversight over strategic resources for railway development enables state agents at some scales to bargain more successfully, whereas variations in administrative and economic standing further differentiate the interscalar bargaining powers of municipal governments. Different results of bargaining across scales for each city have produced, as intercity railway planning in the Pearl River Delta illustrates, significant intercity variations in average travel times to the stations for the new railways that these cities share. Owing to the peculiar scalar distribution of the costs and benefits of the new railways, municipal governments with greater bargaining power have, contrary to traditional wisdom, bargained for less accessibility to intercity railway stations.
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Nikonova, Yana I., and Elena A. Proskuryakova. "Digitalization of railway station complexes." Modern Transportation Systems and Technologies 8, no. 3 (October 3, 2022): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20228331-44.
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Background: Digital railway is the most important global trend in the development of railway transport. Smart station is part of the digital railway concept. Currently, there is no unambiguous solution to the problem of how to introduce advanced information technologies to improve the efficiency and level of service of the railway transport system in the station complexes. The construction of new and reconstruction of existing station complexes in accordance with the concept of smart station is also relevant for Russian railways.
Aim: identify priority areas for the development of station complexes; to characterize the main measures for the digitalization of the management system of railway stations of Russian Railways.
Materials and Methods: in the course of the study, a systematic approach, analysis, synthesis, methods and tools for statistical data processing were used: tabular method, methods for calculating average and relative values, methods for analyzing dynamics. Activities for the digitalization of station management systems were evaluated on the basis of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects in the field of railway transport. The information base consists of the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of digitalization of railways, the development of railway stations, as well as strategic documents of Russian Railways: Long-term program for the development of railway stations of the Directorate of Railway Stations a branch of Russian Railways for the period up to 2025; The concept of efficient use and development of railway stations for the period up to 2030; Development strategy of the Russian Railways holding for the period up to 2030; Long-term development program of Russian Railways until 2025.
Results: the world trends in the development of station complexes are considered; clarified the essence of the category smart station; the characteristics of the main directions of digitalization of the station complexes of Russian Railways are given.
Conclusion: the concept of smart station is the basis for changes in the organization of the activities of station complexes being implemented in modern conditions. The introduction of digitalization contributes to an increase in the efficiency of all types of activities of the station complexes of Russian Railways.
9
Kwiatkowska, Ewelina. "RAMS FOR RAILWAY TURNOUTS." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2018, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_18_07_04.
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The Specification and Demonstration of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety is an important issue for the integration of the railway system in the European Union. Rail's analysis of railways shows the necessity to design railway lines with the safety and accessibility of railways. RAMS needs to maintain on the railway line the unsatisfactoriness and rigidity of subwoofer and the highest quality of maintenance and operation.
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Poliński, Janusz, and Krzysztof Ochociński. "Digitization in Rail Transport." Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports 64, no. 188 (September 2020): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1885e.
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Digital transformation in the railway industry is an important element in the development of railways and should benefit commuters, railway operators, infrastructure managers and rolling stock manufacturers. The process of digitization applies to two domains, i.e. customer service and railway companies’ operation. This paper aims to present previous eff orts regarding the use of digital technologies in customer relations and in the field of operations and maintenance, which translates into the quality of services provided. This paper highlights important concepts of this domain with respect to passenger and freight transport, infrastructure, railway rolling stock and railway traffic management. It is also argued that the process of digitization needs properly trained staff . Examples of innovative initiatives of Polish and European railway companies are covered. Keywords: railway transport, digitization, digitization of the railways
11
Article, Editorial. "NORTHERN LATITUDINAL RAILWAY." World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-2-29.
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[For the English full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].Russian Railways and Pubic Joint Stock Company Gazprom have signed on 30 March 2017 an agreement on the joint implementation of an investment project to construct the Northern Latitudinal Railway (NLR) Obskaya- Salekhard- Nadym- Pangody- Novy Urengoy- Korotchaevo and its railway approaches. Based on releases of press service of JSC Russian Railways
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Ren Guangxu and Faraz Anjum. "TRAFFIC AND URBAN CULTURE." Asia-Pacific - Annual Research Journal of Far East & South East Asia 39 (February 20, 2022): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47781/asia-pacific.vol39.iss0.4398.
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The development of modern railways has had a profound impact on Chinese cities, especially, in the context of the aggression to modern China. Harbin, once a rural area nearby Songhua River, has been transformed into an international city of modern China, the most significant reason is the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway during 1898-1903. It became the external force that changed Harbin. With the railway's opened, Harbin became the center of commodity trade exchange, while more and more people settled in Harbin. Immigrants who came from different countries and places brought their own culture and customs into Harbin, which impacted Chinese people who lived in Harbin. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway on the cultural diversity of Harbin city from the perspective of railway-induced social change.
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THIRANAGAMA, SHARIKA. "‘A Railway to the Moon’: The post-histories of a Sri Lankan railway line." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 1 (December 20, 2011): 221–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000631.
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AbstractThis paper takes as its subject the 1905 opening and 1990 closure of the Northern Railway Line, the major Sri Lankan railway which ran the length of the island from south to north. It argues that it can been seen as a social compact in which the life of the individual, the community, and the state became integrally intertwined. It focuses on two dimensions of what the Northern Railway Line enabled in Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon): first, a physical and symbolic representation of stateness, and, secondly, the pursuit of mundane everyday life. These are embedded within Sri Lanka's landscapes and histories of colonial and post-colonial rule, and the ethnic conflict, riots, and war which inextricably shaped the railway's journeys and passengers. Railways are more often thought of as large-scale, high-tech artefacts rather than the smaller everyday technologies that are the themes of other papers in this special issue. However, this paper highlights the ways in which railways also make particular kinds of everyday life possible and how, in being woven into routine daily and weekly journeys, the Northern Railway Line came to intertwine the changing circumstances and histories of its mainly Tamil passengers within an increasingly ethnicized national landscape. In the aftermath of its closure, the railway has now come to symbolize a desire for a return to the normalcy of the past, an aspiration to an everyday experience that younger generations have never had, and which has, in consequence, become a potent force.. . . the Northern Railway Line to be opened tomorrow would be a great boon to the Jaffnese in and out of Jaffna. . . it has become possible to travel to Jaffna in a single day. . . At last the railway which was characterized as a ‘tantalising vision’ by a previous Governor and ‘a railway to the moon’, by a quondam Colonial Secretary, has become a fait accompli.1This line has been completely destroyed between Vavuniya and Kankesanthurai (KKS) a track length of 160km. . . The Northern Railway Line is the main line connecting Colombo with Jaffna. . . the third largest town in Sri Lanka prior to the conflict and the Northern Railway Line was in high demand from both passengers and freight. There is a great sentiment amongst the people of the north for restoration.2
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Zakharov, V. B., and E. Komarov. "Railways of India. Time to update and upgrade." BRIСS Transport 2, no. 3 (October 25, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2023.3.3.
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By the second decade of the XXI century, the railway transport of India came up with an important result — the Program announced on April 1, 1992, called Unigauge for the transfer of the railway network to a single gauge of 1676 mm was basically completed. In 2022, the operational length of wide-gauge roads on the Indian railway network was 65,094 km, or 95.7 % of its entire length. This opened up the possibility of creating a modern unified railway transport system and organizing its optimal interaction with other modes of transport.The management of the railway transport of India, represented by the Ministry of Railways, has focused efforts on the modernization of all components of the large railway economy — strengthening track structures, upgrading bridge facilities, introducing modern means of ensuring train traffic and transportation safety, updating rolling stock. The basis for improving the work of railway transport is the electrification of railways, the completion of which is planned in the next decade.All decisions taken to modernize railways are aimed at reducing operating costs, improving efficiency, environmental cleanliness, comfort and speed of passenger travel, reducing the delivery time of goods, as well as improving the safety of transportation by rail.
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Oh, Kyuetaek, Mintaek Yoo, Nayoung Jin, Jisu Ko, Jeonguk Seo, Hyojin Joo, and Minsam Ko. "A Review of Deep Learning Applications for Railway Safety." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 10572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010572.
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Railways speedily transport many people and goods nationwide, so railway accidents can pose immense damage. However, the infrastructure of railways is so complex that its maintenance is challenging and expensive. Therefore, using artificial intelligence for railway safety has attracted many researchers. This paper examines artificial intelligence applications for railway safety, mainly focusing on deep learning approaches. This paper first introduces deep learning methods widely used for railway safety. Then, we investigated and classified earlier studies into four representative application areas: (1) railway infrastructure (catenary, surface, components, and geometry), (2) train body and bogie (door, wheel, suspension, bearing, etc.), (3) operation (railway detection, railroad trespassing, wind risk, train running safety, etc.), and (4) station (air quality control, accident prevention, etc.). We present fundamental problems and popular approaches for each application area. Finally, based on the literature reviews, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence for railway safety.
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Tang, Yuanxiang, and Wencai Zhang. "Computer-aided model construction and database design of railway yard information." Archives of Transport 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/08669546.1218799.
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Railway yard is the basic composition unit of railways, therefore, the efficiency and quality of railway yard design have a crucial effect on the construction and operation of railways. Plane design is the basis and core of railway yard design, consequently, it is significant to research plane design of railway yard. In this study, through analysis and summary of the research status as well as integrated application of computer technology and railway yard plane design methods, we researched and developed railway yard plane design system based on AutoCAD platform. According to the characteristics of railway yard plane design, we constructed the information model based on which we established specialized database, with the information data organized and managed efficiently; moreover, we put forward methods of constructing geometric models of the plane equipment, meanwhile, we did a focused research on associated design of yard equipment and preliminarily realized linkage design of planar yards.
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Hampton, David. "We Remember: the Ipswich Railway Workshops War Memorial." Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Culture 11 (2020): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17082/j.2205-3239.11.1.2020.2020-12.
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The Ipswich Railway Workshops War Memorial stands as a tribute to the men from the workshops who enlisted to serve in the First World War. Research into the efforts to raise funds, construct and dedicate the memorial provides insight into the culture and internal workings of the workshops, its workforce and its role within Queensland Railways. The cost of producing the memorial it was met through contributions from the workshops workforce, as well as in kind donations and provision of materials and equipment from the Railways. It was designed by the Queensland Railways architect Vincent Price. As it was located on Queensland Railway property it was the railway department’s responsibility to ensure it was maintained and cared for just like any other asset in the Railway’s portfolio. Despite these unique qualities the story of this memorial also runs parallel to the efforts of cities, towns and communities across Queensland and Australia to raise funds and build tributes to the members of their communities who served and died in the First World War. Communities across Queensland commissioned 61 similar memorials in response to the significant loss of community members as a result of the war. The Ipswich Workshops Memorial therefore reflects a broader aesthetic and commemorative trend. The legacy of this trend continues to influence aspects of community remembrance today. The Ipswich Workshops Memorial and many like it continue to serve as the focal point for commemorative activities on ANZAC and Remembrance Day.
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Qiu, Hanxuan. "The Influence of Railways on Urban Development Based on a Resource-Based View." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 27, no. 1 (November 10, 2023): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/27/20231212.
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As the product of the first Industrial Revolution, the railway has been in existence for a long time and has made an indelible contribution to the urban development of mankind. However, the railways status is declining in some countries, greatly affected by the development of aviation and road technology. In the academia, there is also a lack of analysis of the urban railway. In order to explore the railways status in urban sites and extend the literature of the resource-based view (RBV), this paper will discuss the railways impact especially on the urban sites based on RBV. We choose the city Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China, as a case study. Then we compare the data before and after the building of the railway. The comparison is based on the triple bottom line (TBL) principle, which means using three different aspects to show the changes. In the end, we reveal the importance of railway resources and the concrete impact of building a railway on various sites. We also propose some suggestions for building a new railway.
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Ye, Chong, Yanhong Zheng, Shanlang Lin, and Zhaoyang Zhao. "The Impact of High-Speed Railway Opening on Regional Economic Growth: The Case of the Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway Line." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 10, 2022): 11390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811390.
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With the advent of the “ear of high-speed railways”, the space–time distance between cities has drastically decreased. The opening of high-speed railways has not only increased the factor-flow speed across regions, but has also reduced the cost of factor movement. However, there is some controversy about whether high-speed railways can be used to promote regional economic growth. The Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway is the earliest section of the Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway, and it was the first high-speed railway in China with a real speed of 350 km per hour. The Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway opening spawned a three-hour economic circle in the south of China, injected new vitality into the economic and social development along the line, and had an important impact on accelerating regional economic interoperability and integration. Taking this into account, this paper took the Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway as the case study. Firstly, this paper used the theory of system dynamics to analyze the mechanism of the impact of high-speed railway opening on regional economic growth. Secondly, the accessibility model was used to analyze the impact of the high-speed railway opening on the accessibility of cities along the line, and a difference-in-differences model (DID) was used to explore the impact of the high-speed railway opening on regional economic growth. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the previous mechanism, the mechanism of the impact of the high-speed railway on regional economic growth is discussed. The results of this study show the following: (1) Since the opening of the high-speed railway, the accessibility of cities along the line has grown by more than 60%. (2) The opening of the high-speed railway has promoted regional economic growth, mainly through the influence mechanism of “increasing the total cargo volume”. This study not only scientifically and quantitatively analyzed the impact of the opening of high-speed rail on regional economic growth, taking the Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway as an example for empirical analysis, but also further summarized the high-speed railway construction achievements in China and provides reference experience for planning the opening of high-speed railways.
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Wang, Junzhe. "Analysis of the Principle and Applications of Aerodynamics of High-speed Railway." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 72 (December 15, 2023): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ymwbxx75.
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With the advancement of science and technology, the railway has become an important breakthrough. Railroads can transport goods and carry people. Aerodynamics has a huge connection to the study of the high-speed railways. On this basis, the subject of this paper is the principle and application analysis of high-speed railway aerodynamics. To be specific, this study introduces the formulas and principles related to aerodynamics, and how some formulae are used in high-speed railways. The research searches for literature related to railway and aerodynamics and finds the current development status of high-speed railway. The paper explains how aerodynamics affect high-speed rail, the way to transform high-speed railways with aerodynamic knowledge. Contemporarily, there are many methods to carry out the simulation and tunnel experiments. This study also introduces some special experiments to solve special problems about high-speed railway. According to the analysis, there are still many aerodynamic problems that people need to solve, and there is room for improvement in high-speed railways.
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Wang, Zhen, Jianqiang Zhang, and Izumi Watanabe. "Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals due to Railroad Activity Using a Positive Matrix Factorization Approach." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010075.
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The effects of railway operation on soil environments are an important topic. In this research, soil samples were collected from two diesel-driven railways and two electric railways in Japan. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to investigate the sources of eight heavy metals in the soil near the railways. The results showed that railway operation was the dominant anthropogenic source of heavy metals in the soil in the study areas among five potential sources, with contributions ranging from 11.73% to 42.55%. Compared with that of electricity-driven railways, the effect of diesel-driven railways was larger. The environmental risk-assessment analysis suggested that the soils near the selected railways fall within the weak-to-extremely strong contamination category, and experienced moderate-to-extremely strong ecological risk. A health risk assessment revealed that the soil presented both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for children, with ingestion as the principal exposure pathway. The PMF-Environment Risk Assessment and PMF-Human Health Risk Assessment models were developed to obtain the ecological and human health risks for every source category. Railway operation was regarded as the major factor influencing ecology and human health at the diesel-driven railway sampling sites. However, at electricity-driven railway sampling sites, natural sources were dominant.
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Moore, James. "The “last railway mania”: The Light Railways Act of 1896 and local railway construction in Britain." Journal of Transport History 41, no. 2 (September 23, 2019): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526619873245.
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The Light Railways Act of 1896 stimulated a new “railway mania” with many local lines being promoted across mainland Britain. Although designed to support transport links to remote agricultural districts and fishing ports, this article explores how the new Act was used to promote a wide range of rural, suburban and industrial railway schemes. It evaluates the nature of the new lines built and the constraints that they faced. Despite the initial “mania”, it is argued here that the legislation was not especially successful in encouraging the construction of a large network of new rural railways. The new Light Railway Commissioners were reluctant to sanction schemes that might provide competition with existing mainline railway companies and conservative interests in the railway industry were reluctant to make the radical changes necessary to substantially reduce the costs of railway construction and operation.
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Aleksenko, Maya, Anatoly Popov, and Olga Malakhovа. "Railway education in Orenburg region: origins and prospects." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 1-1 (January 1, 2023): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202301statyi30.
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2021 and 2022 are anniversary years for railway educational institutions of the Orenburg region. The Orenburg Technical School of Railway Transport, created in response to the socio-cultural and professional order of society and the state in 1921, has become strategically important in the training of professional railway personnel in the region. Orenburg Institute of Railways is a branch of Samara State University of Railways, celebrated the 65th anniversary in 2022, has become a forge of personnel specialists with higher technical education for the enterprises of the railway sector of the region and the country as a whole.
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Ozkan, Turgut, Gozde Yanginlar, and Salih Kalayci. "Railway Transport Liberalization: A Case Study of Various Countries in the World." Journal of Management and Sustainability 6, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v6n4p140.
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<p>Today, the processes of restructuring the railway sector and the liberalization of the railway market change significantly. Vertical separation between infrastructure railway transportation service provision and train operations is a significant key element in the railway liberalization. This paper focuses on a research into railway regulation and liberalization in 30 countries. The aim of this paper is to give a comparative overview of the regulation of railways and analyses the process of the liberalization and restructuring of railways in the 30 countries. We test this theoretical prediction using a data base that contains investment in transport with private participation, transport services information from World Bank. Our final results are valid for the period 1980-2014. Overall, the analyses showed statistically significant interaction effects between railways transportation and transport services and investment in transport with private participation. This study presents new insights in theory, paving the way for further research.</p>
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Vibhakar, Dhaval, Suraj Jha, Aditya Kamble, and Saurabh Suman. "Integrated CCTV Surveillance System for Public Transportation." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c2157.0210321.
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The urban center residential district Railway is one in every of the busiest railway stations in Bharat and carries over seven.5 million commuters daily. The railways spreads over 123.78 km (76.91 mi).The Railways encompass thirty-nine stations. Trains typically begin from and terminate at necessary stations. in line with a survey ,the total stats given by the RPF(Railway Police Force) & GRP(GOVERNMENT RAILWAY POLICE), 2,700 railway commuters killed, over 1,400 whereas crossing tracks up until last and this variety has been increasing daily. This is creating railways a dangerous possibility for travel and transportation. The video closed-circuit television used is irving to be not useful and not updated. To overcome this drawback we tend to area unit creating associate integrated video closed-circuit television for detection of crimes and missed objects and explains during this paper.We area unit exploitation high resolution cameras which might focus and might be simply accustomed establish someone and can also be helpful in dark.
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Anokhov, Igor V. "The role of testing and experimental centers in scientific and technological development (on the example of the transport industry)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 60 (2022): 204–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/60/12.
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The article aims to study the role of testing centers in the scientific and technological development of railways. The object of the study is the Experimental Railway Loop of the Railway Research Institute (JSC VNIIZhT). In 2022 the Institute celebrates the 90th anniversary of continuous testing of the latest models of railway equipment. To analyze the activities of the Experimental Railway Loop, the Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA) methodology was used, which in the article is adapted to analyze the activities of scientific and experimental organizations. Interpretations of product and process technologies are presented, from their perspective the testing activities of the Experimental Ring are considered. The stages of the Experimental Railway Loop’s development were studied: auxiliary test site; interlaboratory railway testing ground; industry polytechnic testing ground; international testing and exhibition center; catalyst for scientific and technological progress on the railways. Based on the results of the analysis, directions for improving the activities of the Experimental Railway Loop in the interests of the development of Russian railway transport were formulated. The study of the activities of the Experimental Railway Loop leads to the conclusion about the critical role of the railway test sites in the scientific and technological development of the country and makes it necessary to improve the activities of such sites.
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Guerrieri, Marco, and Giuseppe Parla. "Automated Railway Signs Detection. Preliminary Results." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2019-0002.
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Abstract Nowadays safety in railways is mostly achieved by automated system technologies such as ERTMS/ETCS. Nevertheless, on local railways (suburban and regional lines) several tasks still depend on the choices and actions of a human crew. With the aim to improve safety in such type of railways, this research proposes a system for the automatic detection and recognition of railway signs by means of the digital image processing technique. First field applications, carried out on the Italian railway network, show that the proposed system is very accurate (the percentage of correctly detected railway signs is about 97%), even at high train speeds.
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Chen, Ming Biao, Yun Si Wang, Xin Jun Hu, and Qing Shan Li. "A Design Proposal about an Installation to Push the Sand on Railroad." Applied Mechanics and Materials 320 (May 2013): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.320.734.
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A kind of installation used to push the sand out of railroad consisted of railway sand pushing installation and railway turnout sand blowing installation. The installation can be set on the pre-panel of the rail car or patrol and check vehicle; which can be used for quick extrusion the sand on the railway and blow out the sand in the railway turnout. Thus the train can run in gear when the railways are covered with a lot of sand. So we can solve the problem that the train is blocked by the sand on the railway. Keywords. Railway installation, Railway sand pushing installation, Railway turnout sand blowing installation, Railway sand cleaning installation.
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Xie, Yongshun, and Chengjin Wang. "Evolution and Construction Differentiation Pattern of African Railway Network." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 13728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413728.
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Since the new century, countries in Africa have started a new round of rail network planning and construction which brings the completed different features together with the spatial organization of the railway network during the colonial period. Along with the strategic layout of “going out” with China’s railways, the organizational structure of the African railway network will make a tremendous change for the construction market, network organization, and gauge structure of the African railways. Based on the literature reviews, we analyzed and forecasted the evolution of railway network in Africa and discussed the spatial differentiation of the future construction market of the railways from the view of country and enterprise. The results show that the development of the African railway networks will experience three stages: 1850–1960, 1960–2010 and 2010–2050, and that the organization pattern of the African railway network has evolved from the “Hinterland-Port” model to the “Continental Integration” model. The development of railway technical standards tends to be integrated, the gauge type is changed from complicated to single, the gauge distribution is changed from broken to uniform. The contractor countries of the railway changed from English-French dominated to China dominated. The application of railway technical standards is influenced by technology dependence and path dependence and is mainly reflected in the two characteristics of “Chinese standard implantation” and “local standard retention”. The contractor enterprises of railway have a monopoly on the market of a country, CCECC and CRCC are leading, and the contractor enterprises are spatially characterized by four spatial distribution modes: single, continuous, jumping and comprehensive.
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Hong, sunki. "A Study on the Current Status of Railway Legislation in the European Union." European Constitutional Law Association 29 (August 31, 2022): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.189.
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The European Union has implemented policies focusing on the principle of separation of infrastructure and operation and market opening(open access) for 30 years to revitalize railway transportation. The EU's rail policy is starting from the Council Directive 91/440/EEC of 29 July 1991 on the development of the Community's railways. In 1995, two guidelines (Council Directive 95/18/EC of 19 June 1995 on the licensing of railway undertakings and Council Directive 95/19/EC of 19 June 1995 on the allocation of railway infrastructure capacity and the charging of infrastructure fees) were issued, and in 2001 the so-called First Railway Package reiterated open access and competition in the international railway cargo market to further develop their guidelines. The second railway package in 2004 stipulated the harmonization of different certification and safety regulations, and the creation of the European union agency for railways to promote safety and mutual operation. In 2007, the third railway package has consistently promoted the development of the railway industry through competition, such as declaring the introduction of competition in international passenger services. The European Commission analyzed the performance and problems between 2011 and 2012, and announced the fourth railway package containing the results and supplementary measures.
The Fourth Railway Package is a set of six legislation designed to complete a single market for railway services, with an important goal being to revitalize the railway sector and to increase competitiveness over other means of transport.
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REZNIK, Nadiia, Tetiana HORODETSKA, and Ksenia STEPANOVA. "Organization of international rail transportation." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 7, no. 2 (May 11, 2022): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2022-2-40.
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In the conditions of the development of railway transport within international transport corridors and the increase in the volume of cargo transportation, the issue of ensuring a sufficient level of transportation safety is an important task. The intensification of the transportation process with significant wear and tear of fixed assets actualizes the development and implementation of methods to increase the safety of railway transportation of dangerous goods, as well as technological and organizational measures aimed at reducing the risks of emergency situations with them. The article uses methods of analysis and theories of the organization of operational work of railways. The regulatory framework for the organization of transportation of dangerous goods by railways is characterized. The main indicators of the transportation of dangerous goods in the modern conditions of railway transport were studied. The detailed structure of factors influencing the conditions for operation of stations during the transportation of dangerous goods was developed, and measures were proposed to improve the technology of operation of the railway network stations in order to increase the level of transportation safety. The authors detailed the peculiarities of the railway stations functioning during the organization of transportation of dangerous goods. Taking into account the specified factors for the implementation of the proposed measures will allow increasing the level of safety of the processing of dangerous goods at railway stations. The article examines the role of railway transport in Ukraine. The transport conditions of the railway delivery of goods and the international railway tariffs received for the carriage of goods were analyzed. The procedure for transporting goods in transit through the territory of third countries in a direct railway connection has been established. This article defines the documentation of railway transportation. The procedure for calculating freight charges and payments for cargo transportation has been considered. The study of this topic makes it possible to improve all the main indicators of the operation of the station and the railway, to improve the quality of logistics service for customers and the transportation of goods by railway transport. Keywords: international railway transportation, the Statute of Railways of Ukraine, COTIF, railway tariffs, freight payments.
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Shin, Hiroki. "Marketing strategy in Britain’s mainline railways, 1923-1938." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 9, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 425–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-05-2017-0016.
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Purpose This paper aims to reassess the marketing strategy of Britain’s Big Four railway companies during the interwar period to locate railway marketing in the broader context of railway business and the general development of service marketing in Britain. Design/methodology/approach By a detailed analysis of internal company records, this paper discusses three aspects of railway marketing: the development of marketing departments within the companies, the control of marketing expenditure and the industry-wide marketing alliance. The three areas of railway marketing are examined by way of comparing them with the corresponding situations in other British industries. Findings It reveals the relatively advanced state of railway companies’ marketing in the contemporary context. Furthermore, a series of re-organisations are interpreted as a response to the inter-modal competition from road traffic. Originality/value By characterising railway marketing in the interwar period as part of the industry’s rear-guard battle in the competitive travel market, in which railways were clearly losing out to road traffic, the paper provides a perspective that enables to understand how the “golden age” of railway marketing coincided with the railways’ decline in the passenger business.
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Elkhoury, Najwa, Lalith Hitihamillage, Sara Moridpour, and Dilan Robert. "Degradation Prediction of Rail Tracks: A Review of the Existing Literature." Open Transportation Journal 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801812010088.
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In the past few decades, the railway infrastructure has been widely expanded in urban and rural areas, making it the most complex matrix of rail transport networks. Safe and comfortable travel on railways has always been a common goal for transportation engineers and researchers, and requires railways in excellent condition and well-organized maintenance practices. Degradation of rail tracks is a main concern for railway organizations as it affects the railway’s behaviour and its parameters, such as track geometry, speed, traffic and loads. Therefore, the prediction of the degradation of rail tracks is very important in order to optimise maintenance needs, reduce maintenance and operational costs of railways, and improve rail track conditions.This paper provides a comprehensive review of rail degradation prediction models, their parameters, and the strengths and weaknesses of each model. A comprehensive discussion of existing research and a comparison of different models of degradation of rail tracks is also provided. Finally, this review presents concluding remarks on the limitations of existing studies and provides recommendations for further research and appraisal practices.
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Santos y Ganges, Luis. "Historical Interrelationship of Railways and Cities from an Urban Viewpoint." TST. Transportes, Servicios y Telecomunicaciones, no. 50 (March 5, 2023): 16–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/tst.50.2023.16-41.
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This paper offers a conceptual overview of the state of the art relating to the historical interrelationships between railways and cities from the point of view of town planning, covering the good century and a half that there have been railways in the Iberian Peninsula. It addresses both urban and railway history, reconsidering major issues in this relationship. These are: 1) the tracks of lines as they cross cities and the role they play in urban life, 2) the passenger buildings of stations, seen as a focus of urban centrality, 3) the developing complexity of cities and railways, together with the installation of new road and port infrastructures, and 4) the problems emerging from urban expansion in the final third of the twentieth century, mostly after the restoration of democracy, specifically the question of the limited permeability of rail tracks and the interpretation as a social barrier of the physical barrier thus constituted by the railway. An idea that railways are a problem grew up within this historical interrelationship.
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Maltseva, E. A. "Digitalization as a factor of economic development of rail transport." E3S Web of Conferences 460 (2023): 06036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346006036.
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The article examines the economic development of railway transport on the example of JSC “Russian Railways” as part of the implementation of “Russia’s Railway Transport Development Strategy 2030”. There are formulated the main objectives of this strategy and the main directions of its implementation with the “Digital Railway” project. The connection of the digital railway with the digital economy is revealed through the analysis of the company’s performance over the last three years of the “Digital Railway” project implementation. The vector for further development of railway transport digitalization is designated.
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Popp, J. N., J. Hamr, C. Chan, and F. F. Mallory. "Elk (Cervus elaphus) railway mortality in Ontario." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 9 (September 2018): 1066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0255.
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Wildlife railway research is highly underrepresented in science despite documented wildlife–train collision mortalities. Gathering baseline information is imperative to the development of effective train collision mitigation, especially for at-risk or small reintroduced populations such as elk (Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758) in eastern North America. We tested our hypotheses that elk–train collision rates vary in relation to railway structure and weather by using a combination of radiotelemetry and railway mortality surveys. Elk were closer to the railway in winter than in any other season. Elk–train collision sites were significantly closer to the apex of bends in the railway than random locations along the railway, and collision rates were positively related to snow depth. Railways may be perceived by elk as easy travel corridors, and deep snow likely prohibits escape from oncoming trains. This study gathered important information about an under-studied aspect of wildlife–human conflicts and provides a basis for the investigation of other species that may be affected by railways.
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Lautala, Pasi, and C. Tyler Dick. "Railway Engineering Education Symposium." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2608, no. 1 (January 2017): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2608-11.
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Although freight traffic declined in 2016, North American railways have experienced a decades-long period of growth in freight ton-miles and in the number of commuter and intercity passenger rail trips. This growth, combined with the aging railway workforce, has triggered renewed demand for university graduates to enter railway careers. However, after decades of neglect, only a few North American academic programs are engaged in rail-related research and education. The railway academic community must be rebuilt to meet the industry workforce needs of the future. Since 2008, the Railway Engineering Education Symposium (REES) has been staged as a biannual collaboration between academia and industry to expose professors to railway engineering education topics. REES has prompted faculty at numerous universities to expand railway content in introductory transportation courses and to establish new courses on railway engineering topics. According to feedback from surveys of attendees, REES has evolved to support the growing railway academic community better. Expanding its original focus on new professors, REES now serves as a user conference for returning professors already engaged in railway education activities and is accompanied by online delivery of previous materials. This paper briefly reviews the decline of the relationship between railways and academia, then concentrates on the role of REES in its reemergence. Evidence of REES successes from participant surveys is documented, and challenges on the path forward are discussed.
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Kotova, E. A. "Directions of innovative development of railway transport." Transportation systems and technology 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20162336-46.
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Introduction. The reform of railway transport radically changes forms and methods of business process management. This reform of JSC "Russian Railways" affects all levels of management and all types of activity. The key method of reform realization is competition development in the sector of railway transportation. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify possibilities of railway transport competitive advantages development as a result of strategic innovations conception applying. In the paper are considered: features of railway transport innovative development; strategic innovations conception as a base of corporation growth and decline of competition level as a result of new business models; directions and volume of financing of innovative process in JSC "Russian Railways"; technological providing of company’s innovative strategy realization. Methodology. For achievement of the research purpose general scientific methods were applied, such as: system approach, analysis and synthesis, comparison. Results. In the article main directions of railway transport development according to innovative strategy of JSC "Russian Railways" are considered. The alternative way is realization of strategic innovations conception. Practical importance. Strategic innovations conception which described in the article may be used in JSC "Russian Railways" when changing of strategic aims and priorities of company development. Conclusion. In the conditions of modern market enterprises and companies have to search new management forms and methods to provide their competitive advantages. Railway transport dev elopement strategy supposes rolling stock updating, rising of transportation services quality, efficiency and safety, building of new railway lines and transport infrastructure modernization. For JSC "Russian Railways" in this context the main perspectives are development of human resources potential, assing to innovative development. Strategic innovations conception is one of the ways of company’s competitivenessand efficiency increasing, having a perspective of practical application.
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Taczanowski, Jakub. "The Effects of Liberalisation of the Passenger Railway Market on the Situation of Regional Rail Connections in Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Austria." Review of Economic Perspectives 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2015-0019.
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AbstractLiberalisation of railway market can be an important instrument for increasing the attractiveness of local rail services and consequently for making the railways more competitive with other means of transport, which could result in changing the modal share in the favour of railways. The differences in the railway liberalisation level as well as in the policies towards rail transport between Central and Eastern European countries are vast, hence the present situation and the future prospects of regional services are diverse. Whereas there is only one railway line in Slovakia which is not operated by the state railway company ZSSK, a few private local connections which complement a very dense network of ČD state railways are in service in the Czech Republic. Poland, by contrast, is a country where liberalisation of railway market is most advanced as several different companies are responsible for transport in the regions. However, the results of this large scale liberalisation are ambiguous as the positive effects (reopening of some lines) are balanced by isolation of the new regional government-owned systems from each other. In Austria, by contrast, the existence of several private and regional government-owned local railways which are an indispensable part of the regional transport networks has contributed to maintain an effective transport system. Although the effects of liberalisation on the local railway networks can often be ambiguous, several cases from the Czech Republic, Austria and Poland show that privatisation and municipalisation may have a positive effect on the railway service as it has enabled to maintain the service on many sections which were at risk of closure. However, the most important condition of the effective transport development seems to be an active cooperation between the railway operators and the local governments as an expression of appropriate transport policy.
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CHARKINA, T., and A. HRYHORENKO. "TRANSFORMATION OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND ITS ADAPTATION TO MODERN CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE." REVIEW OF TRANSPORT ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT, no. 10(26) (March 31, 2024): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/rtem2023/300532.
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Objective. To enhance the competitiveness of railway passenger transportation in Ukraine, it is necessary to explore the experience of structural transformations in passenger enterprises of foreign railways, analyze the current state of the domestic railway passenger transportation management system, and propose an effective organizational structure for the passenger complex of Ukrainian Railways PJSC in modern conditions. Methodology. To achieve the stated objective, methods of analogy, modeling, comparative, and retrospective analysis were applied. Results. The world experience of interaction between organizational units of railway passenger complexes has been considered. An analysis has been conducted, and problems in the interaction of departments in the existing railway passenger transportation management system have been identified. A management structure for the passenger complex of Ukrainian Railways PJSC has been proposed, which will help optimize its operation and contribute to the increased efficiency of railway passenger transportation in Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The stages of transformation of the management structure of the passenger complex after the formation of Ukrainian Railways PJSC have been generalized. The passenger complex is considered as a single system: based on the visualization of the distribution of work with trains of different categories, problems of delineation of responsibility zones between the departments of the passenger complex have been identified. A model of an improved organizational structure for managing the passenger complex of railway transport has been developed in accordance with modern conditions. Practical significance. The proposed measures can be applied by Ukrainian Railways PJSC to improve the organizational structure of the passenger complex in the process of transitioning to a vertically integrated management model.
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Palamarchuk, Gennadiy, and Aleksey Fomin. "Methods and Measures for Railway Junction Functioning Stability." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 19, no. 3 (September 25, 2022): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2022-3-528-536.
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Purpose: Determination of methods and measures (operative, engineering-construction and organizationaltechnical) on railway junction functioning stability. Methods: General theory of systems. Results: Measure complex has been developed allowing to provide for railway junction functioning stability depending on transport situation conditions. Practical significance: Measure choice on the rise of the stability of function processes for railway junction as a major element of railways at railway transportation organization.
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Moistsrapishvili, Manana, Nugzar Rurua, and Angi Gurgenidze. "Approaches to Solving the Problems of Operation of Low Load Tension Railway Lines (LLRL) and Concepts of Key Strategies." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 2(524) (June 6, 2022): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2022-2-133-139.
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It is known that the effective functioning of the railways depends on their load-bearing capacity, and therefore, special attention is paid to the pre-feasibility study and the payback period of the capital investments invested in the works during the capital investments of the railways. Because the operation of railway lines is associated with significant costs, its existence within the allowable limits of its size requires periodic evaluation and planning and implementation of engineering measures. The essence of the problem created by the operation of lowload railways of the world and Georgian railways are discussed. The main reasons for the deterioration of the operating data of these railways are reviewed. Low load railway lines are separated throughout the Georgian Railway and their total length and percentage composition in the overall railway network of the country are determined. The article outlines the main trends in the operation of low-load railways identified as a result of the analysis of foreign experience and presents four strategies based on this trends. Not yet established state approach to the use of LLRL infrastructure in Georgia can be based on the above mentioned stratages. It is noted that each of the proposed strategies has different efficiencies and selection conditions, so it should be considered according to the problems of each low-load rail section with innovative and / or traditional approaches to develop adaptive mechanisms for the operation of low-activity railway lines.
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Lastochkina, L. M. "Two centuries of Russian railway history." Transport Technician: Education and Practice 4, no. 4 (December 20, 2023): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2023.4.449-455.
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The history of the creation of one of the oldest scientifi c and technical museums in the world — the Central Museum of Railway Transport, which is 210 years old — is considered.The Central Museum of Railway Transport collection began with models made under the leadership of Augustine de Betancourt, the founder and first inspector (rector) of the Institute of the Corps of Railway Engineers, chief director of railways, and the founder of engineering in Russia. These include models of spiers used in the construction of St. Isaac’s Cathedral in St. Petersburg, the Manege in Moscow, the pontoon of a floating bridge across the Oka River in Nizhny Novgorod, etc. This is the only collection that has survived in the world to this day, reflecting the developments of an outstanding scientist. Using the museum’s stock materials, one can trace all the main stages of the development of railway transport in Russia: from the opening in 1837 of the Tsarskoye Selo Railway, the first public railway in Russia, to the achievements of modern railway transport. Today, the Center for Railway Transport of the Russian Federation is the only state museum of the industry. The museum’s collections contain more than 70 thousand items refl ecting the history of the development of Russian railways over the entire period of their existence. The large-scale exhibition “Gallery of the Heads of the Department of Railways for 225 Years” is dedicated to the festive date, which displays the only collection of portraits in Russia of all the heads of the Department of Transport.
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DAS, PALLAVI V. "Railway fuel and its impact on the forests in colonial India: The case of the Punjab, 1860–1884." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 4 (October 19, 2012): 1283–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000637.
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AbstractRecent studies have stressed the need for micro-histories of the environment so that important differences and similarities at local, regional and national level might be revealed. This paper analyses the process and patterns of environmental degradation at regional level by taking the case of deforestation in colonial Punjab by studying its implication at the level of empire. More specifically, it examines three aspects of how the operation and expansion of railways from 1869 to 1884, a peak period of railway expansion, affected the forests of the Punjab's plains. First, the paper analyses the reasons for large-scale railway expansion in the Punjab by discussing spatial and temporal expansion. Secondly, the impact of the railway firewood demand on the Punjab's forests between 1860 and 1884 is examined, specifically, the conditions that facilitated the increased dependence of the railways on firewood. Next follows an examination of the temporally varying nature of deforestation, given that railway firewood demand was determined by railway line openings. This section also includes a discussion on the nature of the colonial state response to the deforestation crisis and its role in maintaining the fuel supply to the railways. Finally, in the context of deforestation in the Punjab, the paper discusses how and why railway fuel changed from firewood to coal.
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van Criekinge, Jan. "Historisch Overzicht van de Spoorwegen in West-Afrika." Afrika Focus 5, no. 3-4 (January 15, 1989): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0050304003.
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Historical Survey of the Railway Development in West Africa The present day railway system in West Africa is the result of the transport-policy developed by the colonial powers (France, Great Britain and Germany) at the end of the 19th century. It is remarkable that no network of railways, like in Southern Africa, was brought about. The colonial railways in West Africa were built by the State or by a joint-stock company within the borders of one colony to export the raw materials from the production centres to the harbours. Nevertheless railways were built for more than economical grounds only, in West Africa they had to accomplish a strategic and military role by “opening Africa for the European civilization”. Hargreaves calls railways the “heralds of new imperialism” and Baumgart speaks of the own dynamics of the railways, to push the European colonial powers further into Africa ... The construction of a railway needed a very high capital investment and the European capitalists wouldn’t like to take risks in areas that were not yet “pacified”. It is remarkable how many projects to build a Transcontinental railway right across the Sahara desert largely remained on paper. Precisely because such plans did not materialize, however, the motive force they provided to such imperialist actions as political-territorial annexations can be traced all the more clearly. The French built the first railway in West Africa, the Dakar - St-Louis line (Senegal), between 1879 and 1885. This line stimulated the production of ground-nuts, although the French colonial-military lobby has had other motives. The real motivation became very clear at the construction of the Kayes-Bamako railway. Great difficulties needed the military occupation of the region and the violent recruitment of thousands of black labourers, all over the region. The same problems transformed the building of the Kayes-Dakar line into a real hell. Afterwards the Siné Saloum region has been through a “agricultural revolution”, when the local ground-nuts-producers have been able to produce for foreign markets. The first British railways were built in Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast-colony (Ghana). Jn Nigeria railway construction stimulated the growth of Lagos as an harbour and administrative centre. Lugard had plans for the unification of Nigeria by railways. The old Hausa town of Kano flourished after the opening of the Northern Railway, for other towns a period of decline had begun. Harbour cities and interior railwayheads caused an influx of population from periphery regions, the phenomenon is called “port concentration”. Also the imperial Germany built a few railwaylines in their former colony Togo, to avoid the traffic flow off to the British railways. ifs quite remarkable that the harbours at the Gulf of Guinea-coast developed much later than the harbours of Senegal and Sierra Leone. After the First World War only a few new railways were constructed, the revenues remained very low, so the (colonial) state had to take over many lines. The competition between railways and roadtransport demonstrated the first time in Nigeria, it was the beginning of the decline of railways as the most important transportsystems in West Africa. Only multinational companies built specific railways for the export of minerals (iron, ore and bauxite) after the Second World War, and the French completed the Abidjan - Ouagadougou railway (1956). The consequences of railway construction in West Africa on economic, demographic and social sphere were not so far-reaching as in Southern Africa, but the labour migration and the first labour unions of railwaymen who organized strikes in Senegal and the Ivory Coast mentioned the changing social situation. The bibliography of the West African railways contains very useful studies about the financial policy of the railway companies and the governments, but only a few railways were already studied by economic historians.
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Article, Editorial. "DEVELOPMENT OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION BETWEEN CHINA AND EUROPE." World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-2-30.
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[For the English full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].Russian Railways, Chinese Railways, Belarusian Railway, Deutsche Bahn, the National Company Kazakhstan Temir Zholy, Ulaanbataar Railway and Polskie Koleje Państwowe SA (Polish State Railways, Inc.) signed in April 2017 a multilateral agreement to deepen cooperation on the organisation of container trains between China and Europe. Based on releases of press service of JSC Russian Railways.
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Bureika, Gintautas, Eduardas Gaidamauskas, Jonas Kupinas, Marijonas Bogdevičius, and Stasys Steišūnas. "MODELLING THE ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFIC RISK AT LEVEL CROSSINGS OF LITHUANIAN RAILWAYS." Transport 32, no. 3 (October 24, 2016): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1244114.
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The article discusses the problem of railway safety management and the criteria for evaluating the traffic risk described in various scientific publications. The research aims to assess the risk posed to railway infrastructure objects and to create a model for safety risk evaluation. The research on the traffic safety risk with respect to the infrastructure of the rail transport system was divided into three stages. The Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) model can be used for investigating the problem of managing railway traffic safety risks in the Lithuanian railways. The main threats to railway infrastructure objects are defined, and the catalogue of technical parameters of level crossings of the Lithuanian railways is presented. The maximum allowable train speed, the intensity of railway and road traffic, as well as the size (width) and visibility of level crossings from the train driver’s cab are chosen as the main criteria for evaluating the vulnerability of a level crossing. The logistic regression method has been applied to rank and assess the safety of level crossings of the Lithuanian railways. The validity of the model developed in the present work for assessing traffic safety risks at level crossings of Lithuanian railways is about 86%. The suggested risk evaluation model is flexible and can be easily adapted for the evaluation and monitoring of safety risk of other elements pertaining to railway infrastructure. Finally, the basic conclusions and recommendations are provided.
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Zakharov, V. B., and E. E. Komarov. "Railways of India. An important stage of modernization is completed – unification of track width." BRIСS Transport 2, no. 2 (June 28, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2023.2.1.
Full textAbstract:
India, the Republic of India is a country of one of the world’s oldest civilizations, the largest state in the world by population — 1.42 billion people (end of 2022), occupying an area of over 3 million square kilometers. India, which has accelerated the pace of its socio-economic development in recent decades, is playing an increasingly important role in the international arena every year, including as one of the BRICS organizers. The state railways of India are managed by the Ministry of Railways of India represented by Indian Railways (99 % of the country’s railway network) and are, despite the dominance of motor transport, remain one of the main modes of transport. During the year, the railways of India transport more than 8 billion passengers (2nd place in the world after Japan), the staff of the railways of India will amount to 1.2 million people (the 7th employer in the world). Railway transport in India is developing intensively, in recent years, work has been intensified on the organization of high–speed traffi c on a number of lines of existing railways, the fi rst high-speed railway line Mumbai — Ahmedabad is being built with a normal gauge of 1435 mm with a length of 508 km, designed for a maximum train speed of 350 km/h. The authors of the article have repeatedly visited India, visited various railway enterprises, railway educational institutions — universities and institutes, met with industry leaders at the Ministry of Railways of India, traveled along the country’s railways along a number of routes with a total length of about six thousand km.
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Editorial, Article. "On the Ways of Development of Railway Business (1910)." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 3 (December 26, 2020): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-225-241.
Full textAbstract:
110 years ago, the professional railway community conducted sharp discussion on the ratio of commercial and state interests in domestic railway activity. There were attempts to use that criterion to classify the existed railways by directions and main business purposes. The discussion also referred to the aspects of monopolism and competition, strict government control over the costs of rail construction, distribution of dividends or their investment in future development, fair tariffs. The problem of, in modern terms, connectivity of territory touched upon the choice between enhancing transit capacity of main railroads and constructing of new less important railways in the regions where they have not been built yet. Quite particular topic referred to the need to pay more attention to training of economic skills of employees as to condition of successful commercial activity of railways. It concerned training of technical employees in railway vocational schools, and of the future executives in higher schools, provided that «in the nurseries of railway engineers who provide a contingent of heads of railways, students are given complete economic preparation for their future activities».
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Krämer, Ludwig. "eu Policy and Law Regarding Railways and the Environment." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 13, no. 1 (April 18, 2016): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01301003.
Full textAbstract:
For decades, railway issues were considered, in Europe, as being almost entirely in the responsibility of the Member States. This history is even reflected in the present eu approach on railway issues which has, as one of its political priorities, the objective to ensure the interoperability of national legal and technical standards all over the eu. The development of trans-European transport networks, the upcoming of high-speed transboundary trains and the internationalisation of railway freight transport which are of relative recent date, all contribute to the greater awareness of railway impacts on the environment. Policies can no longer promote railways with the argument that rail is the most environment-friendly means of transport, but are more and more obliged to take into consideration, during the planning and operation of railways, local, provincial and regional environmental concerns. The contribution passes in review the most relevant environmental concerns with regard to railways. After a short description of the regulatory frame, the different environmental aspects of railways – land use, nature conservation, noise, water, air pollution, and waste management – are discussed. Some concluding remarks follow.