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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Railway'
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1
Rahbar, Davoud. "Environmental impact assessment for underground railways :case studies : the Tehran Underground Railway in Iran, the Bakerloo line (London Underground Railway) in U.K. and the Hong Kong Underground Railway." Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26870/.
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Urban transport is a component of social and economic activities and underground railway development is now accepted, for large cities throughout the world, as being vital for urban public transport. The impact of underground railway transport on the environment has become increasingly important during recent years. This research shows how essential Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is in the planning and development of under- ground railway projects. The thesis shows how EIA methods provide those bodies responsible for urban transport with the basic techniques to enable them to carry out best environmental practice and to prevent adverse local impact. Three case studies were undertaken:- The Tehran Metro in the capital of Iran, the Bakerloo Line (London Underground, U.K.) and the Hong Kong Metro. The thesis demonstrated how the study was conducted with material and data gathered by observation and survey from the field and comprehensive questionnaires, and from scientific papers, documents, reports and other related literature sources. The thesis shows how EIA principles and techniques are employed through the use of checklists and Leopold's matrices in the identification and analysis of impacts caused by underground railways in both their construction and operational phases. The results of the data collected during this research are analyzed and discussed. Recommendations are made for the use of EIA techniques in assessing and possibly mitigating the adverse environmental effects of underground railways.
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Pagnutti, Jeffrey L. "IN SITU RAILWAY TRACK FAULT DETECTION USING RAILCAR VIBRATION." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2146.
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This thesis investigates the development of an automated fault detection system developed for a novel lightweight railway material haulage system; in particular, the study aims to detect railway track faults at the incipient stage to determine the feasibility of maintenance decision support, ultimately with the function of preventing catastrophic failure. The proposed approach is an extension of the current state of the art in fault detection of unsteady machinery.
The most common railway track faults associated with train derailment were considered; namely, horizontal and transverse crack propagation, mechanical looseness, and railbed washout were the faults of interest. A series of field experiments were conducted to build a database of vibration, speed, and localization data in healthy and faulted states. These data were used to develop, investigate, and validate the effectiveness of various approaches for fault detection.
A variety of feature sets and classification approaches were investigated to determine the best overall configuration for the fault detector. The feature sets were used to condense data segments and extract characteristics that were sensitive to damage, but insensitive to healthy variations due to unsteady operation. The pattern recognition classifiers were used to categorize new data members as belonging to the healthy class or faulted class.
The fault detection results from the proposed approach were promising. The feasibility of an automated online fault detection system for the lightweight material haulage system examined in this study was confirmed. The conclusions of this research outline the major potential for an
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effective fault detection system and address future work for the practical implementation of this system.
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Ogunsola, Adesegun A. "Railway interference management : TLM modelling in railway applications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/20205.
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This thesis deals with the application of analytical and numerical tools to Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) management in railways. Analytical and numerical tools are applied to study the electromagnetic coupling from an alternating current (AC) electrified railway line, and to study the electrical properties of concrete structure - a widely used component within the railway infrastructure. An electrified railway system is a complex distributed system consisting of several sub-systems, with different voltage and current levels, co-located in a small area. An analytical method, based on transmissions line theory, is developed to investigate railway electromagnetic coupling. The method is used to study an electrified railway line in which the running rails and earth comprise the current retum path. The model is then modified to include the presence of booster transformers. The analytical model can be used to study the railway current distribution, earth potential and electromagnetic coupling - inductive and conductive coupling - to nearby metallic structures. The limiting factor of the analytical model is the increasing difficulty in resolving the analytical equation as the complexity of the railway model increases. A large scale railway numerical model is implemented in Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) and the electromagnetic fields propagated from the railway model is studied. As this work focuses on the direct application of TLM in railway EMC management, a commercially available TIM software package is used. The limitation of the numerical model relates to the increased computation resource and simulation time required as the complexity of the railway model increases. The second part of this thesis deals with the investigation of the electrical properties of concrete and the development of a dispersive material model that can be implemented in numerical simulators such as TIM. Concrete is widely used in the railway as structural components in the construction of signalling equipment room, operation control centres etc. It is equally used as sleepers in the railway to hold the rails in place or as concrete slabs on which the whole rail lines are installed. It is thus important to understand the contribution of concrete structures to the propagation of electromagnetic wave and its impact in railway applications. An analytical model, based on transmission line theory, is developed for the evaluation of shielding effectiveness of a concrete slab; the analytical model is extended to deal with reinforced concrete slab and conductive concrete. The usefulness and limitation of the model is discussed. A numerical model for concrete is developed for the evaluation of the effectiveness of concrete as a shield. Initially, concrete is modelled as a simple dielectric material, using the available dielectric material functionality within TLM. It is noted that the simple dielectric model is not adequate to characterise the behaviour of concrete over the frequency range of interest. Better agreement is obtained with concrete modelled as a dispersive material having material properties similar to that exhibited by materials obeying Debye equation. The limitations of the dispersive material model are equally discussed. The design of conductive concrete is discussed, these have application in the railway industry where old existing structures are to be converted to functional rooms to house sensitive electronic system. A layer of conductive concrete can be applied to the facade to enhance the global shielding of the structure.
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Cooper, Martin. "Brazilian railway culture." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14202/.
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Yu, Ji. "Railway trackbed deterioration." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37918/.
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In this thesis, the main objective is to identify the resilient deformation behaviour of rail trackbed especially in ballast and calculate the stress distribution. A purpose-designed three dimensional Finite Element railway trackbed model is presented in which linear elastic behaviour is assumed in all parts of the model. The study has also evaluated the effects of different variables including moving load magnitude, loading speed and stiffness of materials on stress conditions and deflections based. A comprehensive literature review on a wide background of railway trackbed has been carried out. Railway ballast specifications, deformation mechanisms, resilient and permanent deformation behaviour of granular material, introduction of fouling material and its influence on ballast behaviour are explained to provide the basis for trackbed analysis. Results show that a higher vertical displacement underneath the sleeper may occur when the loading speed is higher than 120km/h. Also, higher speed and Young’s modulus of ballast can result in higher damaging stresses. A stiffer subgrade can result in less rotation of sleeper. A significant effect of subgrade stiffness on stress paths and rotation of sleeper can only be found when Young’s modulus of subgrade is in a low level. Stiffer rail pad can lead ballast element get cracked more easily. Softer pad results in less damaging stresses. In addition, there is no obvious change of either the stress ratio or sleeper rotation as stiffness of the ballast increased.
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Lam, Kwok-chun. "An evaluation of the role of the mass transit railway system in the urban development of Hong Kong 1979-1996 /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19130971.
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Örnkloo, Matilda. "Compensating Unbalances in Synchronous Railway Traction Systems with Railway Power Conditioners." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-279838.
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The electrified railway presents significant challenges for the electrical grid. This is due to the characteristics of the constructed railway system. Trains are single-phase loads, fed by two adjacent phases from the grid. Feeding phases will change continuously at every substation. This load characteristic will lead to unbalances and poor power quality in the grid. The poor power quality is caused by the unbalance in currents, voltage drops along the line, and induced harmonics from power electronic devices used in traction. To decrease the impact of the railway traction system in the public grid, Static Var Compensators (SVCs) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs) have been implemented. These installations offer voltage control, maintain balance and mitigate harmonics. This thesis investigates other power electronic technologies to improve the power quality in the grid for the 50 Hz railway traction system.
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Nyström, Birre. "Punctuality and railway maintenance." Licentiate thesis, Luleå, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26559.
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Long and frequent train delays, striking many periodically make headlines. The question is raised: what might be done about it? The on-going deregulation of the Swedish railway, with more actors entering the market, contributes to the question's topicality. In this thesis, problems and symptoms concerning punctuality are described and analysed. Herein, punctuality is defined as the extent to which an event takes place when agreed, for example the agreement between passengers and the company selling the ticket, considering the event that the train arrives at a certain time. The terminology in use on punctuality-related entities is floating. Causes for unpunctuality are related to the infrastructure, locomotives, wagons and personnel. Herein, primarily failures related to infrastructure are discussed. Maintenance, i.e. correcting and preventing failures, together with the track, rolling stock, weather, driver, other personnel and the timetable determine how good the punctuality will be. To the ore and steel transports studied it is more important to limit the lengths of the transport times, rather than having high punctuality, i.e. adherence to timetable. Generally, for freight transports it is difficult to give an estimation of the cost for unpunctuality. To find the root cause of a delay is vital, as is identification of symptoms and triggering events, in order to be able to carry out appropriate actions. Often the information needed to do so is lacking in the Ofelia database for infrastructure failures. Comparisons between regions or over time are complexified by the varying policies on how failure coding is to be performed. To improve punctuality by learning from others is made more difficult by e.g. different countries employing different ways of denoting punctuality. In the transport chain of post in Norway, terms related to punctuality varied even more among stakeholders. They considered being informed on estimated time of arrival as important, but getting this information was, despite this, not among the quantified goals. Few requirements were quantified, despite this often being simple to do. The consequences of failure are important to consider, not only e.g. the number of failures. Studying the variation in transport time on different line sections might help in identifying problems, because coding of delays shorter than five minutes is not carried out in the Swedish railway. Such causes of delay include low contact wire voltage, minor problems with locomotives and slippery rails due to leaves on the track. Disadvantageously, this variation is masked in the case of heavy trains or steep and curvy lines. In a studied maintenance organisation, the indicators of maintenance measured the result of the entire maintenance process. In order to manage each sub process better, it is more advantageous to measure the performance of them individually. Considering the specific sub process that decides which maintenance actions are to be carried out, it only uses expenses for the action itself when deciding, not resulting future costs and punctuality. The indicators focus on measuring past performance, not on facilitating planning for the future. A design of information systems facilitating information usage from different functions of the organisation would facilitate informed decisions. Information concerning technology, traffic and economy need to be integrated.Godkänd; 2005; 20061218 (haneit)
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Vromans, Michiel Johannes Cornelius Maria. "Reliability of railway systems." [Rotterdam]: Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), Erasmus University Rotterdam ; Rotterdam : Erasmus University Rotterdam [Host], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/6773.
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Törnquist, Johanna. "Railway traffic disturbance management /." Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2006. http://www.bth.se/fou/forskinfo.nsf/01f1d3898cbbd490c12568160037fb62/4bff7793d57e9155c1257178004d42f9!OpenDocument.
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Nyström, Birre. "Punctuality and railway maintenance /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/41.
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Pylypenko, S. O. "High-speed railway lines." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45604.
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Japan was the first country that built railway lines for high speed travel. Because of the mountainous terrain, the existing network consisted of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow gauge lines, which took indirect routes and could not be adapted to higher speeds. Consequently, Japan had a greater need for new high speed lines than countries where the existing standard gauge or broad gauge rail system had more upgrade potential.
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Blanco, Blas. "Railway track dynamic modelling." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Farkost och flyg, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207180.
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The railway vehicles are an increasing mean of transportation due to, its reduced impact on environment and high level of comfort provided. These reasons have contributed to settle a positive perception of railway traffic into the European society. In this upward context, the railway industrial sector tackles some important challenges; maintaining low operational costs and controlling the nuisance by-products of trains operation, the most important being railway noise. Track dynamic plays a main role for both issues, since a significant part of the operational costs are associated with the track maintenance tasks and, the noise generated by the track can be dominant in many operational situations. This explains why prediction tools are highly valued by railway companies. The work presented in this licentiate thesis proposes methodologies for accurate and efficient modelling of railway track dynamics. Two core axes have led the development of this task, on one hand, the rail modelling and, on the other hand, the characterisation of the finite length nature of track supports. Firstly, concerning the rail modelling technique, it has evolved under two major premises. On one hand, regarding the frequency domain, it should describe high frequency behaviour of the rail. In order to accomplish with this first premise, a model based on Timoshenko beam theory is used, which can accurately account for the vertical rail behaviour up to 2500 Hz. On the other hand, with respect to the time domain, the response should be smooth and free of discontinuities. This last condition is fulfilled by implementation of the Timoshenko local deformation. Secondly, a model of support that considers its finite length nature is sought. For this purpose, a Timoshenko element over elastic foundation is formulated. Thus, the common model of support, which is based on a concentrated connection, is substituted by a distributed model of support. In this way, several enhancements are achieved; the temporal contact force response is smoothed and a more realistic shape is obtained, the amplitude of the displacement due to the parametric excitation is reduced and the magnitude associated to the ‘pin-pin’ frequency is not overestimated.QC 20170522
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Cederlund, Harald. "The microbiology of railway tracks : towards a rational use of herbicides on Swedish railways /." Uppsala : Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200644.pdf.
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Leong, Jeffrey. "Development of a limit state design methodology for railway track." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16565/1/Jeffrey_Leong_Thesis.pdf.
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The research presented in this thesis is aimed at developing a limit state design methodology for railway track for recommendation to Standards Australia's next revision of the 'Permanent way materials: prestressed concrete sleepers' code (AS1085.14, 2003).
There is widespread suspicion that the railway track, particularly concrete sleepers, have untapped reserves of strength that has potential engineering and economic advantages for track owners. Through quantifying the effects of train speed, wheel impact loadings and distribution of vehicle loads, track engineers would be able to design railway track more accurately and hence uncover the reserves of strengths in railway track.
To achieve this improvement a comprehensive set of wheel/rail impact measurements has been collected over a one year period to establish a distribution of track loadings. The wheel/rail impact data collected showed a logarithmically linear distribution which shows that impact forces are randomly occurring events. The linearity of the data also allows for wheel/rail impact forces to be forecasted allowing for a more rational risk based design of the railway track.
To help with an investigation of the influence of changes to train operation on the wheel/rail impact force distributions, development of a new dynamic track computer model capable of simulating the complex interaction between the train and track was completed within this research. The model known as DTRACK (Dynamic analysis of rail TRACK) was benchmarked against other dynamic models and field data to validate its outputs.
The field measurements and DTRACK simulations became the basis for development of a limit state design methodology for railway track (risk based approach) for railway track in place of an allowable limit state (compliance based) approach. This new approach will allow track owners to assess the track capacity based on more realistic loads and is expected to allow an increase in the capacity of existing track infrastructure which will allow railways to be more commercially competitive and viable.
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Leong, Jeffrey. "Development of a limit state design methodology for railway track." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16565/.
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The research presented in this thesis is aimed at developing a limit state design methodology for railway track for recommendation to Standards Australia's next revision of the 'Permanent way materials: prestressed concrete sleepers' code (AS1085.14, 2003). There is widespread suspicion that the railway track, particularly concrete sleepers, have untapped reserves of strength that has potential engineering and economic advantages for track owners. Through quantifying the effects of train speed, wheel impact loadings and distribution of vehicle loads, track engineers would be able to design railway track more accurately and hence uncover the reserves of strengths in railway track. To achieve this improvement a comprehensive set of wheel/rail impact measurements has been collected over a one year period to establish a distribution of track loadings. The wheel/rail impact data collected showed a logarithmically linear distribution which shows that impact forces are randomly occurring events. The linearity of the data also allows for wheel/rail impact forces to be forecasted allowing for a more rational risk based design of the railway track. To help with an investigation of the influence of changes to train operation on the wheel/rail impact force distributions, development of a new dynamic track computer model capable of simulating the complex interaction between the train and track was completed within this research. The model known as DTRACK (Dynamic analysis of rail TRACK) was benchmarked against other dynamic models and field data to validate its outputs. The field measurements and DTRACK simulations became the basis for development of a limit state design methodology for railway track (risk based approach) for railway track in place of an allowable limit state (compliance based) approach. This new approach will allow track owners to assess the track capacity based on more realistic loads and is expected to allow an increase in the capacity of existing track infrastructure which will allow railways to be more commercially competitive and viable.
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Kyriakidis, Miltos. "Developing a human performance railway operational index to enhance safety of railway operations." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/21760.
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The railway system is a complex network that involves continuous interaction of human operators with technology, procedures and regulations to ensure safe and efficient operations. From an architectural perspective, the complexity of the interactions presents a risk of failure with the consequence that safety incidents and accidents may occur. The common approach to the development of measures for mitigating such occurrences is the retrospective analysis of accidents and incidents; in order firstly to identify, classify and acknowledge the contributing factors and secondly, to suggest mitigation strategies. Research undertaken globally using retrospective analysis indicates that a large number of railway accidents and incidents are associated with human errors due to degraded human performance. In particular, it has been shown that train operators (drivers, signallers and controllers) account for the majority of accidents and incidents. For example, between 1990 and 2009, at least 75% of fatal railway accidents in Europe were due to excessive speed, signal passed at danger or signalling/dispatching errors. There has been a significant research effort to examine, identify and understand the factors that affect human performance in railway operations, so as to prevent conditions related to degrade performance and to reduce the probability of human errors. However current methods, developed on the principles of Human Reliability Analysis (HRA), are based on research from other domains, including nuclear, oil and gas, and aviation. Hence, they are not suited to the rail industry and can be difficult to apply reliably to railway specific operations. Moreover, in the case of the factors that affect human performance, current methodologies have either adopted lists of factors from other domains or slightly modified existing lists, and then applied them to the railway industry. In addition, even in the cases where the lists of factors have been modified, such alterations have been designed on the basis of regional accident and incident analysis. Although the number of factors that influence performance can be claimed to be limited, e.g. fatigue, training, organisational culture and system design, the analysis of only regional occurrences does not provide analysts with a worldwide perspective of the significance of factors on human performance. Therefore, this thesis addresses the current limitations and proposes a new framework to identify the factors that affect the performance of railway operators, and assess human performance. In particular, this thesis developed for the first time a novel and comprehensive taxonomy for railway operations, referred to as the Railway-Performance Shaping Factors (R-PSFs) taxonomy. The taxonomy is derived from a variety of sources including: extensive literature review, operators' hierarchical task analysis, and the analysis of global accidents and incidents. Subject matter experts validated the taxonomy. Results identified 43 contributing factors, whilst further statistical analysis indicates that 12 out of 43 factors are responsible for more than 90% of total occurrences regardless of the type of network, responsibility and severity of consequences. Unlike current taxonomies, the framework developed accounts for both the influence of each individual factor and the dynamic interactive influence of the factors due to their mutual dependencies. It is recommended that the R-PSFs taxonomy be used by railway stakeholders to enhance the Safety Management Systems of their organisation. In addition the taxonomy can be used as part of the training program of the organisations in order to inform and engage the railway personnel with respect to the factors that primarily affect their performance. Finally, the taxonomy is recommended for use by the investigator stakeholders to obtain information about the human aspect that may have led to railway occurrences. This thesis also developed, tested and validated a framework, referred to as the Human Performance (HuPeROI) to enhance safety in railway operations. Based on the 12 largest contributing factors, the HuPeROI is a novel scheme to assess human performance, as function of the various R-PSFs. The HuPeROI for the first time introduces an approach to quantify the impact of each of the factors that affect human performance accounting for all the dependencies amongst those factors. HuPeROI has been developed by integrating the generic concept of two techniques, the Analytic Network Process and the Success Likelihood Index Methodology (SLIM). The former is one of the best known and widely used multi-criteria decision making techniques and was used to evaluate the influence of each R-PSF on operators' performance. SLIM was applied to rate the importance of each of the R-PSFs for different operational actions and finally to estimate the reliability index for these actions. The HuPeROI framework was demonstrated in a case study in three different types of railway operations: regional, high-speed and underground, and helps to define the influence of each individual factor on human performance as well as to indicate the relative likelihoods of different human errors. Finally, both the R-PSFs taxonomy and HuPeROI can be transferred and used with minor modifications not only in other railway procedures, e.g. maintenance, but also domains, e.g. aviation, maritime and oil.
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Lerz, Stefan. "Congestion theory and railway traffic /." Capelle a/d IJssel : Labyrint, 1996. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=007375963&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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García, San Martín Lorea. "Life Cycle Assessment of Railway Bridges : Developing a LCA tool for evaluating Railway Bridges." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-40590.
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The global understanding that natural resources and non renewable energy sources are not inexhaustible has been growing lately together with the increase of conscientiousness on the consequences that our demanding way of life has on the environment. Global warming, ozone layer depletion, the greenhouse effect or the acid rain, are some of these consequences, which may reach catastrophic levels if nothing is done to emend the actual situation. Lately, society is beginning to see sustainability not only as a needed requirement but as a distinctive value which has to be pursued by the different areas of society involved and responsible for a sustainable development such as public administration and companies, engineers and researchers. As a fundamental part of society, infrastructures have utmost importance in sustainable development. Even more when it comes to rail transport infrastructure, given the important role of rail transport in the development of a sustainable society. That is why engineers should make an effort to use all the tools available to choose the best structural design, which not only meets structural requirements, but has also a good performance for the environment. To do so, engineers must focus on using renewable sources or energy and materials, increasing the life of the existing infrastructures, making them more durable. When it comes to railway bridges, it is preferable to reuse and adapt existing structures than tear them down to build new ones. In this line, environmental assessment methodologies provide an incredibly valuable tool for help decision-makers and engineers to identify and select the best alternative design regarding environmental issues. Therefore, it is important to count on a common basis and established criteria together with a systematic methodology in order to obtain reliable results to compare alternatives and make the right decisions. However, nowadays, there exists very little guidance to perform this kind of analysis, and an extensive variety of databases and methodologies non standardized, which leads to uncertainties when it comes to evaluate and compare the obtained results. This thesis means to be a good guide for engineers, when performing a Life Cycle Assessment of a railway bridge, and to become a useful tool to compare several alternatives to identify the best option relating the environmental burdens involved. With this purpose, in order to know the state of the art of LCA methodology, it has been studied a wide range of existing literature and previous studies performed to analyze bridges and building materials. Finally, it has been developed an own methodology based on all the research done before, and implemented in an Excel application program based on Visual Basic macros, which means to be easy to use with a simple user interface, and to provide reliable results. The application is useful for assessing, repair or improving existing bridges, where the amounts of materials and energy are known, but can also be helpful in the design phase to compare different alternatives. It also allows using different weighting methodologies according to several reference sources depending on the case of study. The application is tested by carrying out a Life Cycle Assessment of a Spanish railway bridge located in the city center of Vitoria-Gasteiz, evaluating the different structures that conform the bridge system thorough all the stages of its life cycle identifying the most contributive parameters to the environmental impacts. The study was carried out over a 100 year time horizon. In the case of performing the LCA of this particular bridge, the contribution of the whole bridge is taken into consideration. When comparing two different bridges, the application has the option to compare them in the same basis, dividing by length and width of the bridge, which is a helpful tool if both bridges are not the same size. All stages of the life cycle were considered: the material stage, construction, the use and maintenance stage, and the end of life. The material stage includes the raw material extraction, production and distribution. The construction stage accounts the diesel, electricity and water consumption during construction activities. The use and maintenance stage covers the reparation and replacing operations. And the end of life covers several scenarios. In this case of study, in order not to interrupt the rail traffic, the bridge was constructed parallel to its final location, and then moved into the right place with hydraulic jacks. This leads to an important auxiliary structure with its own foundations, which has a significant contribution to the overall environmental impact. The scenario chosen for the end of life was based on similar actuation in other constructions in the proximities of the bridge, as the bridge is already in use. These assumptions were to recycle 70 % of the concrete and 90 % of the steel; all the wood used for formwork was disposed as landfill. The results obtained, weighted according to the US Environmental Protection Agency, shows that the main contributor to the environmental impacts is the material phase, with the 64 % of the total weighted results with concrete and steel production as principal factors, followed by timber production. These processes account great amounts of CO 2emissions, which makes essential to focus on reducing the impact of the material processes by optimizing the processes but mainly by reusing materials from other constructions as much as it may be possible. The maintenance activities have some importance due to the frequency of the track replacement, assumed to be once every 25 years. While construction does not imply great burdens for the environment, the end of life causes the 33 % of the overall bridge impact. This is due to the timber formwork disposal as landfill and to a lesser extent because of the recycling of the steel. The timber disposal increases widely the eutrophication effect, and will be easy to be reused in further constructions. Regarding the different parts of the bridge structure, the auxiliary structure has an important contribution with the 61 % of the overall weighted impact. As it is a concrete bridge, both the substructure and superstructure has similar contribution. The substructure has a slightly higher impact with the 21 % and the superstructure the 15 %. Rail structure and transport have very little contribution.
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Tsui, Shuk-ting Yvonne, and 徐淑婷. "The Kowloon Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC) and the Mass Transit Railway Corporation Limited (MTRC)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26771287.
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Medcalf, Alexander James. "Picturing the railway passenger as customer in Britain : the Great Western Railway, 1906-39." Thesis, University of York, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2794/.
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This thesis argues that during the early twentieth century the Great Western Railway changed its attitudes to customers. Previously, passengers were viewed as a captive market needing little encouragement. This thesis finds that around 1900 the company’s attitude shifted; it began to consider passengers as individuals with wants and desires that required satisfaction. During the next forty years, the GWR continued to hone its strategies in an effort to become customer orientated. The reasoning behind this and how the company’s marketing strategy was enacted is exposed using overlooked corporate photographs, sources which provide the greatest evidence for a reconceptualisation of attitudes towards customers. The company’s photographs were never merely illustrative or secondary to more commonly analysed sources such as pictorial posters; the taking and publication of photographs was closely supervised by individuals with a developing approach to marketing. This thesis argues that the photographs represent a window onto corporate policy, specifically, that associated with marketing holiday travel to railway passengers. In particular, the sheer amount of varied photographic narratives reveal how the GWR segmented the market, persuading the ‘lover of the picturesque’, the family, women, sportsmen and outdoorsmen to use its holiday services by researching their background and interests. As little is known about railway marketing between 1906 and 1939, with historians vigorously debating whether railway companies rivalled other businesses in their attempts to understand consumers, the different visual techniques, framing devices and use of symbolic content in the photographs means that they should be acknowledged as significant sources. In this sense this thesis builds on attempts to align transport history with the fields of consumption and commercial cultures, heeding calls that there is still much to be done in achieving this marriage.
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Radzhabova, Diana, and Діана Володимирівна Раджабова. "Reforming the infrastructure of railway transport in Ukraine." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50591.
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1. Natsionalna Transportna Stratehiia Ukrainy Do 2030 roku [in ukr.]. – Access mode: http://publications.chamber.ua/Infrastructure/UDD/ National_Transport_Strategy_2030.pdf
2. Infrastruktura Rehioniv Ukrainy. Priorytety Modernizatsii. Analitychne Doslidzhennia [in ukr.] // HO «Poliskyi Fond Mizhnarodnykh Ta Rehionalnykh Doslidzhen» Fond Imeni Fridrikha Eberta. - Kyiv, 2017. - 108 p.
3. Antoshchyshyna N.I. Intehratsiini Protsesy Transportnoi Systemy Ukrainy V YeS [in ukr.] / N.I. Antoshchyshyna // Efektyvna Ekonomika. – 2013. – № 10 [Electronic resourse]. – Access mode: http://www.economy.nayka.com.ua/?op=1&z=2423.
Supervisor – PhD in Economics, Associate Professor Klymenko V.V.The transport industry is one of the basic sectors of the country's economy. Therefore, by improving rail transport, we will provide economic growth and competitiveness of Ukrainian economy. Reforming the railway transport infrastructure is one of the priorities of the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine up to 2030.
Транспортна галузь є однією з основних галузей економіки країни. Отже, покращуючи залізничний транспорт, ми забезпечимо економічне зростання та конкурентоспроможність української економіки. Реформування залізничної транспортної інфраструктури є одним із пріоритетів Національної транспортної стратегії України на період до 2030 року.
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Maňák, Ondřej. "Principy vyrovnávání výkonů hnacích vozidel zahraničních železničních dopravců." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74518.
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This diploma thesis "Principles of Equalizing the Tractions-engines Power Output of Foreign Provider of Railway Services" aims to delineate how inequalities in power output emerge and how they are later equalized by provider of railway services. This is one of the crucial topics for operating and putting together international trains. The theoretical basis is then used in the applied part of this thesis to describe and evaluate tractions-engines power output of selected foreign provider of railway services on Czech railway network. For better description there is also a balance of tractions-engines of power output enclose at the end of this thesis to illustrate the position of Czech Railways abroad. The analysis made in the applied part put stress on differentiating the long distance transport from cross-border international transport of passengers. Furthermore, this thesis deals with the implementation of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) in the connection with compatibility of the Czech railway network to neighbouring rail networks with emphasis on train safety appliances and the project European Train Control System (ETCS).
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Liu, Ching-man. "Railway and sustainable transport development." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31595315.
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Bäckman, Johan. "Railway Safety - Risks and Economics." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3341.
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Safety analysis is a process involving several techniques.The purpose of this thesis is to test and develop methodssuitable for the safety analysis of railway risks and railwaysafety measures. Safety analysis is a process comprisingproblem identification, risk estimation, valuation of safetyand economic analysis. The main steps are described in separatechapters, each of which includes a discussion of the methodsand a review of previous research, followed by the contributionof this author. Although the safety analysis proceduredescribed can be used for analysing railway safety, it has suchgeneral foundations that it can be used wherever safety isimportant and wherever safety measures are evaluated. Itcombines cost benefit analysis with criteria for thedistribution and the absolute levels of risk.
Risks are estimated with both statistical and risk analysismethods. Historical data on railway accidents are analysed andstatistical models fitted to describe trends in accident ratesand consequences. A risk analysis model is developed usingfault tree and event tree techniques, together with Monte Carlosimulation, to calculate risks for passenger train derailments.The results are compared with the statistical analysis ofhistorical data.
People's valuation of safety in different contexts isanalysed, with relative values estimated in awillingness-to-pay study. A combination of focus groups andindividual questionnaires is used. Two different methods areused to estimate the value of safety and the results arecompared. Comparisons are also made with other studies.
Different approaches for safety analysis and methods foreconomic analysis of safety are reviewed. Cost-benefit analysisas a decision criterion is discussed and a study on theeconomic effectsof a traffic control system is presented.
There are several results of the work. Historical data showsa decrease in the accident rate. The average consequence ofeach accident has not changed over time. The risk analysismodel produces comparable results and enables analysis ofvarious safety measures. The valuation study shows that peopleprefer the prevention of small-scale accidents over theprevention of larger, catastrophic accidents. There are onlysmall differences in the valuation of safety in differentcontexts.
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Bäckman, Johan. "Railway safety : risks and economics /." Stockholm, 2002. http://www.lib.kth.se/Fulltext/backman020524.pdf.
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Liu, Ching-man, and 廖靜文. "Railway and sustainable transport development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31595315.
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Lim, Wee Loon. "Mechanics of railway ballast behaviour." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10060/.
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It is important to have consistent ballast testing methods that provide results reflecting the performance of different ballast materials in the railway trackbed. In this research, extensive laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the correlation between simple ballast index tests, and box tests simulating ballast field loading conditions in a simplified and controlled manner. In the box test, a sleeper load of 40kN was applied to a simulated sleeper on the top of a sample of ballast in a box of dimensions 700x300x450mm. The ballast was tamped using a Kango hammer which caused particles to rearrange as the level of the sleeper was raised. The ballast tests investigated in this project are those ballast tests specified in the Railtrack Line Specification (RT/CE/S/006 Issue 3, 2000), in addition to single particle crushing tests, oedometer tests, petrographic analysis, and box tests. It was found that there was some correlation between the single particle crushing tests, oedometer tests, box tests and petrographic analysis. One of the current ballast tests, namely the Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) test, which is analogous to the oedometer test, is not appropriate because the ACV test uses 10-14mm ballast particles, and there is a size effect on the strength of ballast and different ballasts have different size effects. However, if an oedometer test is used on track ballast, the results correlate better with ballast field performance as simulated in the box tests. Six ballasts were tested: A, B, C, D, E and F (mineralogy of these ballasts can be found in the appendix). The aim was to examine the relative performance of these ballasts and to establish which index tests were most indicative of performance in the box test. Simple index tests were performed on each of the ballasts, whilst box tests were only performed on ballasts A, B, C and D. The box tests were generally performed wet by adding a known volume of water at each tamp. For ballast A, controlled tests were also performed on dry ballast, and tests involving traffic loading only and tamping only were also conducted. A box test on 10-14mm ballast A was also conducted to investigate the size effect on ballast behaviour in the box. The Wet Attrition Value (WAV), Los Angeles Abrasion (LAA), and Micro-Deval Attrition (MDA) seem to be suitable parameters to indicate ballast performance in the box test. However, this is considered to be due to the rearrangement of particles in the box test caused by the simulated tamping. In addition to the laboratory tests, the application of discrete element program PFC3D (Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., 1999) in simulating ballast behaviour was also investigated. Single particle crushing test was simulated to produce crushable agglomerates with a distribution of strengths of ballast A. These agglomerates were then used to simulate the oedometer test. The resulting normal compression line was compared with that for real oedometer tests: discrepancies can be attributed to the simplified geometry of the agglomerates. Due to the high computational time in simulating a box test with crushable agglomerates, uncrushable spherical balls and uncrushable angular agglomerates were used to represent individual ballast particles in the box. Important aspects of ballast behaviour under repeated loading, namely resilient and permanent deformation, were studied. It was found that the box test on uncrushable angular agglomerates give less permanent deformation compared with the test on spherical balls, because of the additional resistance provided by the irregular shape of the agglomerates.
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Kwan, Cho Ching Joe. "Geogrid reinforcement of railway ballast." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433991.
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Tsai, Ming-Chih. "Economics of railway safety rules." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286895.
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Huang, Zheng. "Integrated railway remote condition monitoring." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7904/.
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The profound value of wayside monitoring in helping safeguard the RAMS of railway operations is undeniable. However, despite significant investments by the rail industry, the efficiency and reliability of wayside monitoring have not reached the desired level. Structural deterioration of the rail infrastructure and rolling stock faults still remain a significant problem which needs to be addressed as traffic density, train speeds and axle loads increase in rail networks around the world. The main objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate an advanced wayside monitoring system based on acoustic emission and vibration analysis that can detect various types of axle bearing defects in rolling stock and structural deterioration in cast manganese crossings. The potential architecture for different levels of system correlation has been proposed which can be further integrated with customised monitoring system. A novel signal processing technique based on spectral coherence has been developed. This particular method is based on the identification of suitable templates containing features of interest. It also features in identifying the severity of the defect. In addition, a suitable approach for data fusion from various sensors has been investigated. Successful tests have been carried out under simulated conditions and in the UK network.
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Park, Mun Gyu. "RAMS management of railway systems." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4750/.
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Railway RAMS is an engineering discipline that integrates reliability, availability, maintainability and safety characteristics into an inherent design property through systems engineering. This research is to establish a systematic approach of RAMS management for the railway systems engineering through the establishment of the engineering concepts, methods, techniques and tools. For this purpose, the research focuses on three subjects and a case study. Firstly, this research provides a RAMS management systems included railway systems engineering and RAMS management processes so that railway organisations can decide a strategic policy, control functions and coordinate activities related to RAMS management. Secondly, this research provides railway risk assessment methods to assess all of the potential hazards that threaten the railway’s operational objectives and control them within the possible acceptable criteria. Thirdly, this research provides the method that develops RAMS performance specifications appropriate to the RAMS requirements and operational contexts in order to develop RAMS design and its acceptance criteria for implementing the detailed design and/or contract. Finally, this research presents a case study for the risk assessment, using the data collected from the railway industry to demonstrate the proposed risk assessment method and to investigate the RAMS performance of the railway systems and their major failure causes.
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Jidayi, Yakubu Mara. "Reliability improvement of railway infrastructure." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97047.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The railway transportation system is fundamental in sustaining the economic activities of a country, by providing a safe, reliable and relatively affordable means of transporting people and goods; hence, the need to ensure its ongoing reliability is of paramount importance. The principle and applications of rail reliability have been reviewed, and reliability improvement in rail infrastructure has been investigated using failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). Reliability improvement is a continuous process that is geared to meeting dynamic changes in operation and stakeholders’ expectations. Recently, growth has occurred in the amount of rail transport traffic utilisation undertaken, together with the degradation of the infrastructure involved. Such deterioration has amplified the operating risks, leading to an inadequacy in rail track maintenance and inspection that should have kept abreast with the changes. The result has been increased rail failures, and subsequent derailments. A case study of the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA) Metrorail maintenance policy was reviewed to evaluate its maintenance strategy and identifying the potential critical failure modes, so as to be able to recommend improvement of its reliability, and, thus, its availability. On the basis of the case study of PRASA Metrorail maintenance strategy and its performance, it is recommended that PRASA Metrorail change its maintenance policy through employing a cluster maintenance strategy for each depot.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die spoorwegvervoerstelsel is fundamenteel om die ekonomiese bedrywighede van ’n land te ondersteun deur die voorsiening van ’n veilige, betroubare en betreklik bekostigbare manier om mense en goedere te vervoer. Dus is dit van die allergrootste belang om die voortgesette betroubaarheid daarvan te verseker. Die beginsels en toepassings van spoorbetroubaarheid is hersien en die betroubaarheidsverbetering van spoorinfrastruktuur met behulp van foutmodus-eneffekontleding (“FMEA”) ondersoek. Betroubaarheidsverbetering is ’n voortdurende proses om tred te hou met dinamiese bedryfsveranderinge sowel as verskuiwings in belanghebbendes se verwagtinge. Die hoeveelheid spoorvervoerverkeer het onlangs beduidend toegeneem, terwyl die betrokke infrastruktuur agteruitgegaan het. Dié agteruitgang het die bedryfsrisiko’s verhoog, en lei tot ontoereikende spoorweginstandhouding en -inspeksie, wat veronderstel was om met die veranderinge tred te gehou het. Dit gee aanleiding tot ’n toename in spoorwegfoute en gevolglike ontsporing. ’n Gevallestudie is van die instandhoudingsbeleid van die Passasierspooragentskap van Suid- Afrika (PRASA) Metrorail onderneem om dié organisasie se instandhoudingstrategie te beoordeel en die moontlike kritieke foutmodusse te bepaal. Die doel hiermee was om verbeteringe in stelselbetroubaarheid en dus ook stelselbeskikbaarheid voor te stel. Op grond van die gevallestudie van die PRASA Metrorail-instandhoudingstrategie en -prestasie, word daar aanbeveel dat PRASA Metrorail sy instandhoudingsbeleid verander deur ’n klusterinstandhoudingsplan vir elke depot in werking te stel.
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Le, Bryant Linh Hai. "Modelling railway bridge asset management." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14271/.
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The UK has a long history in the railway industry with a large number of railway assets. Railway bridges form one of the major asset groups with more than 35,000 bridges. The majority of the bridge population are old being constructed over 100 years ago. Many of the bridges were not designed to meet the current network demand. With an expected increasing rate of deterioration due to the increasing traffic loads and intensities, the management authorities are faced with the difficult task of keeping the bridge in an acceptable condition with the constraint budget and minimum service disruptions. Modelling tools with higher complexity are required to model the degradation of assets and the effects of different maintenance strategies, in order to support the management decision making process. This research aims to address the deficiencies of the current bridge condition systems and bridge models reported in the literature and to demonstrate a complete modelling approach to bridge asset management. The degradation process of a bridge element is studied using the historical maintenance data where previous maintenance actions were triggered by a certain type of defects. Two bridge models are then developed accounting for the degradation distributions, service and inspection frequency, repair delay time and different repair strategies. The models provide a mean of predicting the asset future condition as well as investigating the effects of different maintenance strategies will have on a particular asset. The first model is a continuous-time Markov bridge model and is considered more complex than other models in the literature, the model demonstrates the advantages of the Markov modelling technique as well as highlighting its limitations. The second bridge model presented a novel Petri-Net modelling approach to bridge asset modelling. This stochastic modelling technique allows much more detail modelling of bridge components, considering: non-constant deterioration rates; protective coating modelling; limits of the number of repairs can be carried out; and the flexibility of the model allows easily extension to the model or the number of components modelled. By applying the two models on the same asset, a comparison can be made and the results further confirm the validations and improvements of the presented Petri-Net approach. Finally, optimisation technique (Genetic Algorithm) is applied to the bridge models to find the optimum maintenance strategies in which the objectives are to minimise the whole life cycle cost whist maximising the asset average condition. A hybrid optimisation that takes advantage of both bridge models, resulting in a significant time saving, is also presented.
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HARROD, STEVEN S. "RAILWAY CAPACITY MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186181286.
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Reisch, Julian [Verfasser]. "Railway Timetable Optimization / Julian Reisch." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123445159X/34.
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Muinde, Michael. "Railway track geometry inspection optimization." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Drift, underhåll och akustik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-71280.
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Railway transportation plays a vital role in modern societies. Due to increasing demands for transportation of passengers and goods, higher speed trains with heavier axle loads are introduced to the railway system, and it is expected to continue in the future. Therefore, track geometry bears huge static and dynamic forces that accelerate degradation process. As a result, railway track should be inspected regularly to detect geometry faults and to plan for maintenance actions in advance. Track geometry inspection has a profound impact on railway track availability and maintenance cost. Although there have been improvements in safety performance and maintenance planning of railway tracks, still infrastructure managers expect a more effective maintenance planning and scheduling regime. This thesis proposes a simulation-based model for optimization of track geometry inspection intervals. To simulate the track geometry evolution a linear model is used to model track geometry degradation in a maintenance cycle. It is assumed that the parameters of degradation model are random variables following lognormal distribution. Using the proposed model, the track geometry behaviour is simulated under different inspection intervals. Later, different inspection intervals are compared with respect to the cost function and the optimal range of inspection intervals is obtained.
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Wu, Wendy Xiaohui. "The corrugation of railway track." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245157.
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Lee, Sui-chun Macella. "The impact of Mass Transit Railway on land development in Hong Kong an analysis of the island line using expansion method /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574146.
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Mocki, Jacek. "Railway Interlocking Process: A Formal Method for Documenting and Evaluating Railway Junction Signalling and Interlocking." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365457.
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Railway junctions have been signalled in many different ways using various railway interlocking and signalling technologies. Implementations of those technologies are not identical and are customised for every railway junction. It is therefore very difficult to consistently compare various signalling and interlocking technologies using currently available methods. That creates an enormous task for transport and/or signalling planners to propose the technology that meets the operational conditions on a specific railway junction.
This thesis enhances the signalling and interlocking planning process by developing a formal method for documenting and evaluating railway junction signalling and interlocking. More precisely, it makes the following contributions:
• it develops a structured method to enable railway transport planners to evident a specific railway junction arrangement and, in response to it, determine and describe a corresponding signalling and interlocking algorithm. This includes characterisation of:
o manual interlocking algorithm
o mechanical interlocking algorithm
o electrically powered interlocking algorithm.
• it develops an analytical model to calculate the railway junction’s interlocking and signalling requirements determined by the track arrangement installed, such as:
o minimum travel distance
o maximum velocity
o minimum train travel time in the track arrangement.
• it defines performance measures relevant in the railway interlocking evaluation process, such as interlocking processing time, signalling system cost, interlocking functionality, signalling system availability and reliability. These operational performance measures allow consistent comparison and evaluation of the interlocking on a railway junction.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Choudhury, Sanghamitra. "Railway workers strike of 1974: impact in the eastern and north east frontier railway zones." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2019. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/3654.
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Wetzel, Heike Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wein. "European Railway Deregulation: Essays on Efficiency and Productivity of European Railways / Heike Wetzel. Betreuer: Thomas Wein." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1034147137/34.
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Tornikidis, Nikos. "Extension of the Wilson railway station in Prague : administration and service buildings for the Czech railways." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70224.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (p. 71).
The project of the following design thesis attempted to address some Industrial Design issues (or in this particular case with the design in a semi-industrial environment - railway station) and how such an approach can be incorporated into a city tissue which follows a different pattern of behavior, formally and functionally. An issue that could be looked upon is how the two different, but in this case related, functional areas could coexist, making a railway station part of a city, as it was until the beginning of the 20th century when the notion of mass production was introduced. There are, however, two ways the problem of connecting the two separate entities can be looked upon, which are also identical with the two parts that could be followed when attempting to find a solution. The first part, which is the part attempted to be solved in this project, has to do with the internal problems of the site (station area), how these problems are identified accordingly to the impact the city has on the site, and what solutions can be proposed in order the station to function more as a part of the city than as an entity of its own. After the completion of the first part, the second part of the problem should examine what impact the proposed intervention should have on the city itself, in order an exchange region to be created between the two entities. It should be added, however, that the two aspects can not be considered separately, and therefore when working on any of the two aspects one should consider the implications his or her decision will have on the following actions. The production process started from manufacture production in the 19th century, when railway stations were a part of cities, played major role in their development, and for the most part were also. constructed. After the Second World War railway stations become "servants" of the adopted mass production process, based on scale economies and resource allocation. Their scale changes and the behavior towards the cities that by then surrounded them had become more alien. After the 1980s, however, the new concepts of lean production, flexibility and differentiation brought back some of the characteristic of the manufacture era. Those characteristics are smaller, diversified facilities, tightly related to a particular region and easily adaptable to changes in the environment.
by Nikos Tornikidis.
M.Arch.
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Wetzel, Heike [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Wein. "European Railway Deregulation: Essays on Efficiency and Productivity of European Railways / Heike Wetzel. Betreuer: Thomas Wein." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1034147137/34.
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Fernandes, Tânia Alexandra Anica. "The ways behind the railways: Algarve's railway line. Technique transfers and transport development in Southern Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18711.
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Esta dissertação pretende contribuir para um melhor conhecimento da complexidade das
redes de transferência de conhecimentos e técnicas, no domínio da engenharia civil e
mais concretamente através dos caminhos-de-ferro, nos séculos XIX e XX.
Em Portugal, os caminhos-de-ferro estiveram no cerne de um vasto debate, sobretudo
político, concomitante com uma instabilidade crescente no cenário político e uma
fase de fragilidade económica.
É neste contexto que a Linha do Sul e Sueste vai ser construída (seguida pela sua
extensão até Vila Real de Santo António e pela construção do ramal de Portimão, que
chegará a Lagos).
Este empreendimento é uma clara ilustração da realidade portuguesa de então, no que
concerne ao desenvolvimento desta rede de transportes, que nos permite, igualmente,
conhecer e compreender quem interveio no processo de construção da linha (os
engenheiros, as empresas, entre outros aspectos) e assim determinar quais as
influências e transferências técnicas que tiveram lugar; RESUMEE: Cette mémoire attire à la contribution pour une meilleure connaissance de la complexité
des réseaux de transfert de techniques et connaissances qui ont eu lieu dans le
domaine de l’ingénierie civile, surtout dans les chemins de fer, au XIXème et
XXème siècles.
Au Portugal, les chemins de fer sont été le cerne d’un très vaste débat, coïncidant avec
une croissante instabilité dans le scenario politique et aussi une phase économique
fragile. C’est dans ce contexte que la Ligne du Sud et Sud-est va être bâti (suivi par
l’extension jusqu’à Vila Real de Santo António et la construction de
l’embranchement ferroviaire Portimão).
Cette entreprise c’est une illustration claire de la réalité portugaise, en concernant
l’implémentation de cette réseau de transport, que nous permettre de comprendre et
également bien connaitre qui a intervenu dans le processus de construction de la
ligne (les ingénieurs, entreprises, etcetera), ainsi que déterminer les influences et les
transferts techniques qui ont eu lieu; ABSTRACT: With this master’s thesis, the aim is to be able to contribute to a better understanding of
the complex network of technique’s and knowledge transfers, that took place within
the field of civil engineering, in the 19th and 20th centuries, namely on the railways.
In Portugal, railways take-up was a wide and ample debate, coinciding with an uprising
turmoil on the Portuguese political outskirt and a phase of economic frailty. It’s in
this context that the construction of the South and Southeast Line took place
(followed, later on, by its extension until Vila Real de Santo António and by the
construction of the Portimão’s branch).
This enterprise is, as we pretend to prove in this master’s thesis, a clear example of the
Portuguese reality, enabling us to understand and to get to know those who
intervened in the construction’s process (the engineers and the companies) as well as
determining influences and technique transfers that have taken place.
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Cataldi, Spinola Eric. "Curve squealing mechanism of railway vehicles /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17453.
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Frylmark, Daniel, and Stefan Johnsson. "Automatic Slip Control for Railway Vehicles." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1765.
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In the railway industry, slip control has always been essential due to the low friction between the wheels and the rail. In this master’s thesis we have gathered several slip control methods and evaluated them. These evaluations were performed in Matlab-Simulink on a slip process model of a railway vehicle. The objective with these evaluations were to show advantages and disadvantages with the different slip control methods.
The results clearly show the advantage of using a slip optimizing control method, i.e. a method that finds the optimal slip and thereby maximizes the use of adhesion. We have developed two control strategies that we have found superior in this matter. These methods have a lot in common. For instance they both use an adhesion observer and non-linear gain, which enables fast optimization. The difference lies in how this non-linear gain is formed. One strategy uses an adaptive algorithm to estimate it and the other uses fuzzy logic.
A problem to overcome in order to have well functioning slip controllers is the formation of vehicle velocity. This is a consequence of the fact that most slip controllers use the velocity as a control signal.
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Thiebault, Vincent. "Design of railway bridges considering LCA." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36362.
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Environmental awareness has strongly increased these last years, especially in the developed countries where societies have become increasingly preoccupied by the natural resource depletion and environmental degradation. At the same time, the increasing mass transportation demand throughout the European Union requires the development of new infrastructures. Life Cycle Assessment is increasingly used to provide environmental information for decision-makers, when a choice is to be made about the transportation mode to be implemented on a given route. In a life-cycle perspective, not only the environmental pressure of the operation of vehicles but also the burden from the infrastructure, in particular bridges as key links of the road and railway networks, has to be assessed when comparing transportation modes. Based on an extensive literature review, a simplified quantitative LCA is implemented in order to compare the environmental performance of two railway bridge designs. It is meant to be useful at an early stage in the design process, when no detailed information about the bridge is available, and when rough environmental estimations are needed. The Excel based model covers the entire life-cycle of the bridge, from raw material extraction to construction materials recycling and disposal. Various assumptions and omissions are made to narrow the scope of the analysis. For instance, processes that are found insignificant in the literature are omitted, and only a limited set of relevant emissions and impacts to the environment is considered. The model provides fully transparent results at the inventory and impact assessment level. The streamlined approach is tested by comparing the environmental burden throughout the life-cycle of a steel-concrete composite railway bridge on a single span, equipped with either a ballasted or a fixed concrete single track. The results show that the environmental impacts of the fixed track alternative are lower than that of the ballasted track alternative, for every impact categories. In a sustainable development perspective, it would thus have been preferable to install a fixed track over the bridge to reduce its overall impact on the environment by about 77%. The raw material phase is found decisive in the life-cycle of both alternatives. The frequency of the replacement of the track is identified as a key environmental parameter, since the road traffic emissions during bridge closure nearly overwhelmed the other life-cycle stages.
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Pratt, Ian. "Active suspension applied to railway trains." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27621.
Full textAbstract:
There has been an impetus in recent years to increase railway train speeds and reduce journey times. As train speeds have increased, other problems have manifested themselves, in particular the consequent deterioration in ride quality at these higher operating speeds. Improvement in suspension design is one option which can circumvent this problem. Suspension design for a modem high-speed train has hitherto been a heuristic procedure directed towards optimising the passive components of the suspension. Performance limits are now being reached with passive suspensions due to the inherent trade-offs which need to be made in the design process. Active suspension, which eases this inherent trade-off, has received a great deal of interest in both academia and industry over recent years. A number of theoretical and experimental studies have highlighted the potential benefits of active suspension technology. Theoretical studies have concentrated on using simple vehicle models and although providing the initial impetus to active suspension they have not given the industry full confidence in them. In contrast, experimental studies have highlighted a number of problems, most notably the significant effect actuators can have on the overall performance.
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Kemp, Sidney William. "New directions for Canadian railway demurrage." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25715.
Full textAbstract:
This study reviews Canadian railway demurrage rules, questions its effectiveness and concludes with recommendations for change. The demurrage rules, their genesis and current interpretation are described in detail. The Canadian rules are placed in perspective by reviewing demurrage in other transportation modes as well as U.S. rail demurrage. Current effectiveness of the Canadian railway demurrage rules is assessed by analyzing C.N. Rail car release data. Canadian performance is then contrasted to U.S. performance and conclusions are drawn on the performance of the Canadian system,
The study then identifies current issues with demurrage rates and arrangements. Through questionnaires and interviews a number of contentious issues are isolated. The study recommends that three major changes in Canadian demurrage rules be made. First, greater flexibility in negotiating exceptions should be provided for. Second, an incentive plan should be developed. Finally, a system of demurrage charges varying with the type of rail car detained should be incorporated into the demurrage tariff. Using C.N. Rail data, the impact of these recommendations on rail car utilization in Canada is simulated. Considerable reduction in car days and resulting rail car investment is observed.Business, Sauder School of
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