Journal articles: 'Railway catenary system'

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Lesnikov, Dmitriy Valentinovich. "Modeling of direct current traction power system with the consideration for earth conductivity." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2020): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-2-75-79.

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Nowadays, one of the main tasks facing the JSC Russian Railways is the increase of volumes of freight transportation. The solution of this task is directly connected with the increase of the load on traction power system devices and their strengthening, which is primarily related to railways electrified with direct current that are characterized by high traction currents. In order to assess the possibility to strengthen a railway section and reveal «bottlenecks» in traction power supply system it is necessary to create a mathematical model of traction power system that must consider parameters of a specific section including earth conductivity that affects the values of skin resistance, potential of railway network and stray currents. The paper proposes a mathematical model of direct current traction power system that represents a combination of a catenary model and a model of railway network. The model considers parameters of traction substations, connection scheme of catenary suspensions and possible influence of rails from adjacent tracks on each other.

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Benet, Jesús, Fernando Cuartero, Tomás Rojo, Pedro Tendero, and Enrique Arias. "Numerical Algorithms for the Analysis of Initial Configuration in a Railway Catenary Structure and Its Code Implementation: A Software Tool CALPE." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/819165.

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To obtain the best operating conditions in a railway infrastructure, as the pantograph/catenary system, is a priority issue in modern railways, for a correct management and the best performance of this infrastructure. Although most of the published works on this subject are oriented to solving dynamic problems, in order to successfully address these problems a previous static study is necessary. In this paper, we present a methodology for the study of the forces in a railway catenary, according to the equations of statics equilibrium. The results of this work have allowed us to develop two iterative algorithms that calculate a simple and computationally effective lengths of the droppers, which is crucial to determine the initial structural configuration of the catenary parameter. The obtained results have led us to the implementation of a tool to obtain very precise assemblies with significant savings in maintenance, therefore still being used by ADIF, the Spanish railway administration of railways infrastructures.

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Kobayashi, Shigeyuki, David P. Stoten, Yoshitaka Yamashita, and Takayuki Usuda. "Dynamically substructured testing of railway pantograph/catenary systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 5 (October 4, 2018): 516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718799900.

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This paper presents a methodology for testing railway pantograph/catenary systems based upon the dynamically substructured system approach for combined physical and numerical components, originally developed by Stoten and Hyde. The main advantage of the dynamically substructured system is that it can provide more stable substructured testing than alternative schemes, such as the commonly used hybrid simulation method, often referred to as hardware-in-the-loop simulation. The developed method is validated through experiments using a simple pantograph rig, together with a numerical simulation of the catenary. In order to realise a real-time simulation of the large catenary model, for the first time in dynamically substructured system testing this study uses (i) a modal analysis technique to reduce the dimension of the contact wire model and (ii) a moving window approach to represent long-distance travel of the pantograph. Finally, the experimental dynamically substructured system test results are compared with simulations of the benchmark pantograph/catenary emulated system.

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Zheng, Xue Xian, Xun Wang, Hong Bo Cheng, and Wen Hui Cao. "Lightning Protection Research and Simulation of High-Speed Railway Catenary." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1707.

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The existing high-speed railway in China is erected on the viaduct. The traction power supply system of high-speed railway consists of catenary with auto-transformer (AT). The catenary above the rails is supported by towers besides the rails. As the increase of the height from top of towers to ground, the probability of the pilot discharging of lightning to catenary will increase. And the pilot striking distance to ground always remains constant. So the horizons shielding effects for catenary will decrese, and the whole catenary naked in the atmosphere extremely easily struck by thunderbolt. In the important places, e.g., substation and areas of frequent lightning, the lightning arrester is installed to limit lightning overvoltage. But the lightning arrester can limit local overvoltage only. In fact, high-speed railway struck by lightning has affected the safety of power supply system in China. So more reasonable lightning protection measures for Chinas high-speed railway will be studied in this paper.

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Han, Ye, Zhigang Liu, DJ Lee, Wenqiang Liu, Junwen Chen, and Zhiwei Han. "Computer vision–based automatic rod-insulator defect detection in high-speed railway catenary system." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 172988141877394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418773943.

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Maintenance of catenary system is a crucial task for the safe operation of high-speed railway systems. Catenary system malfunction could interrupt railway service and threaten public safety. This article presents a computer vision algorithm that is developed to automatically detect the defective rod-insulators in a catenary system to ensure reliable power transmission. Two key challenges in building such a robust inspection system are addressed in this work, the detection of the insulators in the catenary image and the detection of possible defects. A two-step insulator detection method is implemented to detect insulators with different inclination angles in the image. The sub-images containing cantilevers and rods are first extracted from the catenary image. Then, the insulators are detected in the sub-image using deformable part models. A local intensity period estimation algorithm is designed specifically for insulator defect detection. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to automatically and reliably detect insulator defects including the breakage of the ceramic discs and the foreign objects clamped between two ceramic discs. The performance of this visual inspection method meets the strict requirements for catenary system maintenance.

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Haladin, Ivo, Stjepan Lakušić, and Ivan Duvnjak. "Evaluation of tramway overhead line system in city of Osijek." MATEC Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818006003.

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Overhead line system is a vital element of any electrified railway infrastructure. Its performance reflects to all vital parameters such as traction, reliability, availability and safety of railway infrastructure. Operator GPP Osijek runs a 27.5 km long tramway network which plays a key role in transit system of the city of Osijek, Croatia. In 2016 GPP Osijek applied to a tender for acquisition of new rolling stock with 85% EU investment. Mayor requirement prior to rolling stock acquisition was to document, analyse and upgrade current infrastructure (including track structure, electric substations and catenary) to an optimal level. Task of measurement and evaluation of tram track structure and catenary has been appointed to University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering. Overhead line analysis comprised from several measuring procedures, including supporting columns evaluation, catenary stagger, height, shocks and wear. Such extensive analysis included GPS positioning and on-site evaluation of 1214 supporting columns of overhead line, as well as overhead line measurements using an instrumented tram vehicle on 18 km of track. For conducting overhead catenary wire measurements, a tram pantograph has been fitted with equipment for measuring catenary height, accelerometers for shock measurement, camera, ruler and GPS for stagger measurement. Catenary wire wear was checked manually from catenary inspection vehicle. To conduct measurements, power had to be switched off on all electric substation along the route and tram vehicle had to be towed by a catenary inspection vehicle. All the data has been analysed and presented to end user in a user-friendly and intuitive GIS environment capable of further updates and detailed analyses. Evaluation of overhead line based on direct measurement results pointed out all the defects and weak spots on the system. It resulted in a series of recommendations for reconstruction and upgrade of the catenary system to fit the need of existing state and further development of tramway network.

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Lin, Shuai, Cheng Xu, Lipei Chen, Siqi Li, and Xiaohan Tu. "LiDAR Point Cloud Recognition of Overhead Catenary System with Deep Learning." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 2212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082212.

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High-speed railways have been one of the most popular means of transportation all over the world. As an important part of the high-speed railway power supply system, the overhead catenary system (OCS) directly influences the stable operation of the railway, so regular inspection and maintenance are essential. Now manual inspection is too inefficient and high-cost to fit the requirements for high-speed railway operation, and automatic inspection becomes a trend. The 3D information in the point cloud is useful for geometric parameter measurement in the catenary inspection. Thus it is significant to recognize the components of OCS from the point cloud data collected by the inspection equipment, which promotes the automation of parameter measurement. In this paper, we present a novel method based on deep learning to recognize point clouds of OCS components. The method identifies the context of each single frame point cloud by a convolutional neural network (CNN) and combines some single frame data based on classification results, then inputs them into a segmentation network to identify OCS components. To verify the method, we build a point cloud dataset of OCS components that contains eight categories. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can detect OCS components with high accuracy. Our work can be applied to the real OCS components detection and has great practical significance for OCS automatic inspection.

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Białoń, Andrzej, and Łukasz Zawadka. "Development issues of catenary surge protection system based on a varistor surge arresters." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.034.

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The article presents na issue of determinating an optimal distance between varistors located on 3 kV DC catenary. Line attenuation as a function of distance has been determined during preliminary tests for the following measurement configurations: catenary network unloaded (open), catenary network charged by a value of resistance close to the value of wave impedance of the catenary network test section, catenary network charged by a low voltage varistor. The results allowed to estimate the optimal distance between the varistors and they were verified on the catenary network on Żmigród Test Ring using a surge generator with an amplitude of about 15 kV and varistors designed to work in railway enviroment. The methodology and results of these studies were presented and analyzed in this paper.

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Kosarev, A. B., A. V. Barch, and E. N. Rozenberg. "Ensuring electrical safety of power supply systems of electrified AC railways for highspeed lines." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, no. 6 (December 30, 2018): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-6-337-346.

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Abstract. High-speed railways are fast-growing and promising type of traffic. In Russia development of high-speed railway service is associated with the solution of a number of problems, including infrastructure. Authors propose to use earth connection of the railway catenary with the help of an artificial earthing switch on currently designed high-speed line Moscow—Kazan for 2×25 kV power supply system. Taking into account requirements for electrical safety conditions for maintenance of the track and earthed catenary supports, paper justifies method for calculating allowable voltages of rail—earth points and supports of catenary. Methods takes into account structural features of ballastless track superstructure used for high-speed lines. It is estimated that the voltages admissible under the electrical safety conditions are random in nature and distributed logarithmically normal. When calculating probability of safe operation, one should take into account random nature of both permissible stresses and those actually occurring on the track. It is estimated that the probability of safe operation in traction networks of sections with ballastless track superstructure does not exceed a similar value in electrified sections with the conventional structure of a ballast prism. Feasibility of using a 2×25 kV earth system using an artificial earth connection is confirmed, recommendations on its use are given. Authors substantiate allowable values of the rail—earth voltage and catenary supports, which practically exclude the occurrence of hazardous situations for personnel maintaining the track in sections with ballastless track superstructure.

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Huang, Shize, Wei Chen, Bo Sun, Ting Tao, and Lingyu Yang. "Arc Detection and Recognition in the Pantograph-Catenary System Based on Multi-Information Fusion." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 10 (August 20, 2020): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120937964.

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The pantograph-catenary system is critical to high-speed railways. Electric arcs in the pantograph-catenary system indicate possible damages to the whole railway system, and detecting them in time has been a critical task. In this paper, a fusion method for the pantograph-catenary arc detection based on multi-type videos is proposed. First, convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to detect arcs in visible light images, and a threshold method is applied to identify arcs in infrared images. Second, the CNN-based environment perception model is established on visible light images. It obtains the dynamical adjustment of the reliability weights for different scenarios where trains usually work. Finally, the information fusion model based on evidence theory uses those weights and integrates the detection results on visible light images and infrared results. The experimental results demonstrate the fusion method can avoid misjudgments of the two individual detection methods in certain scenarios, and perform better than each of them. This approach can adapt to the complex environments of high-speed trains.

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Chen, Xiao, Zhuang Chen, Guoxiang Liu, Kun Chen, Lu Wang, Wei Xiang, and Rui Zhang. "Railway Overhead Contact System Point Cloud Classification." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 4961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21154961.

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As the railway overhead contact system (OCS) is the key component along the high-speed railway, it is crucial to detect the quality of the OCS. Compared with conventional manual OCS detection, the vehicle-mounted Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology has advantages such as high efficiency and precision, which can solve the problems of OCS detection difficulty, low efficiency, and high risk. Aiming at the contact cables, return current cables, and catenary cables in the railway vehicle-mounted LiDAR OCS point cloud, this paper used a scale adaptive feature classification algorithm and the DBSCAN (density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise) algorithm considering OCS characteristics to classify the OCS point cloud. Finally, the return current cables, catenary cables, and contact cables in the OCS were accurately classified and extracted. To verify the accuracy of the method presented in this paper, we compared the experimental results of this article with the classification results of TerraSolid, and the classification results were evaluated in terms of four accuracy indicators. According to statistics, the average accuracy of using this method to extract two sets of OCS point clouds is 99.83% and 99.89%, respectively; the average precision is 100% and 99.97%, respectively; the average recall is 99.16% and 99.42%, respectively; and the average overall accuracy is 99.58% and 99.69% respectively, which is overall better than TerraSolid. The experimental results showed that this approach could accurately and quickly extract the complete OCS from the point cloud. It provides a new method for processing railway OCS point clouds and has high engineering application value in railway component detection.

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Wan, Yi, Qi Bo Cai, and Huan Wang. "Method Study on System Reliability Calculation and Control." Advanced Materials Research 580 (October 2012): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.580.374.

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An intelligent method of reliability analysis based on compound algorithm is presented in this paper, support vector machine and analysis of finite element combined with Monte Carlo numerical simulation is integrated to improve simulation computing precision. Mathematic model of reliability calculation on catenary system and compound algorithm model are built, reliability of location supporting seat and location pipe are calculated by the method, location supporting seat and location pipe are critical force-bearing parts of catenary system in the high-speed electrified railway, and fault rate is very high, their reliability analysis is important research subject in railway system, it is difficult to built reliability model of location supporting seat and location pipe because they work in a complex and uncertain environment. In this paper, analysis method of location installation based on support vector machine and finite element combined with monte carlo is used, and the outside parameter influence on location installation is analyzed by the model.

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Cheng, Hongbo, Yufan Cao, Jiaxin Wang, Wei Zhang, and Han Zeng. "A preventive, opportunistic maintenance strategy for the catenary system of high-speed railways based on reliability." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 10 (November 4, 2019): 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719884215.

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The catenary is a vital component of the electrified railway system. It consists of many parts which are interrelated; the maintenance schedule of the catenary system should consider the influence of the interrelationship. In this study, a preventive, opportunistic maintenance method is proposed to schedule the maintenance process of the catenary system. First, the reliability of the key parts of the catenary is modeled using Weibull distribution. Second, a reliability margin is proposed to expand the maintenance time from point to interval, and the reliability margin is optimized to minimize the maintenance cost. Then, a preventive opportunistic maintenance schedule can be arranged on the basis of the optimal reliability margin. Case study results verify that the proposed preventive opportunistic maintenance method can reduce the number of maintenance schedules and can effectively save the maintenance cost.

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Shen, Yuan, Xiao Pan, and Luonan Chang. "Online Intelligent Perception of Pantograph and Catenary System Status Based on Parameter Adaptation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041948.

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Online autonomous perception of pantograph catenary system status is of great significance for railway autonomous operation and maintenance (RIOM). Image sensors combined with an image processing algorithm can realize the automatic acquisition of the pantograph catenary condition; however, it is difficult to meet the demand of long-term stable condition acquisition, which restricts the implementation of online contact state feedback and the realization of railway automation. This paper proposes an online intelligent perception of the pantograph and catenary system (PCS) status based on parameter adaptation to realize fast and stable state analysis when the train is in long-term operation outdoors. First, according to the feature of the contact point, we used histogram of gradient (HoG) features and one-dimensional signal combined with a KCF tracker as the baseline method. Then, a result discriminator located by L1 and hash similarity constraints was used to construct a closed-loop parameter adaptive localization framework, which retrieves and updates parameters when tracking failure occurs. After that, a pruned RefineDet method was used to detect pantograph horns and sparks, which, together with the contact points localization method, ensure the long-term stability of feature localization in PCS images. Then, based on the stereo cameras model, the three-dimensional trajectory of the whole pantograph body can be reconstructed by the image features, and we obtained pantograph catenary contact parameters including the pantograph slide posture, contact line offset, arc detection, separation detection, etc. Our method has been tested on more than 16,000 collected image pairs and the results show that the proposed method has a better positioning effect than the state-of-art method, and realizes the online acquisition of pantograph catenary contact state, representing a significant contribution to RIOM.

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Wu, T. X., and M. J. Brennan. "Active vibration control of a railway pantograph." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 211, no. 2 (March 1, 1997): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409971530969.

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Current collection for electrical trains can be improved by the use of an active pantograph. To design such a system the behaviour of both the active pantograph and the overhead catenary system must be considered together. In this paper a two degrees-of-freedom model of an active pantograph, combined with a time-varying spring representing the catenary's influence, is employed and its dynamic performance is studied. Based on this model, three types of control strategies for an active pantograph are proposed and investigated, and all these models consider the interaction of the pantograph with the overhead wire. Two possible positions for mounting an actuator on the pantograph are considered and compared. From these active pantograph models the magnitude of the control force required can be estimated, and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The optimal control strategy shows the best performance, but introduces measurement difficulties because it needs full-state feedback. Classical feedback control is the least difficult to implement, but a compromise between the stability and the performance should be reached.

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Seferi, Yljon, Steven M. Blair, Christian Mester, and Brian G. Stewart. "A Novel Arc Detection Method for DC Railway Systems." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020444.

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Electric arcing due to contact interruption between the pantograph and the overhead contact line in electrified railway networks is an important and unwanted phenomenon. Arcing events are short-term power quality disturbances that produce significant electromagnetic disturbances both conducted and radiated as well as increased degradation on contact wire and contact strip of the pantograph. Early-stage detection can prevent further deterioration of the current collection quality, reduce excessive wear in the pantograph-catenary system, and mitigate failure of the pantograph contact strip. This paper presents a novel arc detection method for DC railway networks. The method quantifies the rate-of-change of the instantaneous phase of the oscillating pantograph current signal during an arc occurrence through the Hilbert transform. Application of the method to practical pantograph current data measurements, demonstrates that phase derivative is a useful parameter for detecting and localizing significant power quality disturbances due to electric arcs during both coasting and regenerative braking phases of a running locomotive. The detected number of arcs may be used to calculate the distribution of the arcs per kilometre as an alternative estimation of the current collection quality index and consequently used to assess the pantograph-catenary system performance. The detected arc number may also contribute to lowering predictive maintenance costs of pantograph-catenary inspections works as these can be performed only at determined sections of the line extracted by using arcing time locations and speed profiles of the locomotive.

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Park, Young, Kiwon Lee, Shin Young Park, June Young Park, and Won Seok Choi. "Implementation of Multi-functional Type Condition Monitoring System for Railway Catenary Systems." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 64, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 1406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2015.64.9.1406.

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Pazukha, A. A. "Enhancement of electrical safety on the catenary system through invention of new work safety signs." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 2 (2020): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2020-2-103-109.

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The analysis of injuries in attendants of catenary units showed that there happen electrical injuries due to extension of the workplace and its area, especially in case of work at interlinkage of anchor sections of station and wayside lines of the catenary system. It was found that attendants not always know their way around in complicated operation environment, show ignorance of the catenary sectionalizing and factual performance place, this resulting in their electrical traumas. The electrical safety signs used on railway catenary systems were studied. A new safety sign which will inform workers about a hazardous factor was invented. It will provide better orientation in the operational process, reducing the risk of being injured and increasing the safety level. The work safety sign was suggested to be installed at interlinkage spots of anchor sections of wayside and station lines and at edges of catenary different sections. The most suitable safety sign variant was determined from three work safety signs using ranking of the variants by the least rank sum. The expert opinion consistency was proved through calculation of concordance coefficient. Using χ2 Pearson criterion it was found out that the expert opinion consistency in selecting the most suitable safety sign was nonrandom. Further lines of research for inventing new work safety signs on the catenary were identified.

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Song, Yang, Zhigang Liu, Huajiang Ouyang, Hongrui Wang, and Xiaobing Lu. "Sliding Mode Control with PD Sliding Surface for High-Speed Railway Pantograph-Catenary Contact Force under Strong Stochastic Wind Field." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4895321.

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As is well known, the external disturbance (especially the stochastic wind load) has nonnegligible effect on the operation of pantograph-catenary system, which may cause the strong fluctuation in contact force as well as the increased occurrence of contact loss. In order to improve the current collection quality of a high-speed railway pantograph-catenary system under a strong stochastic wind field, a sliding mode controller with a proportional-derivative (PD) sliding surface for a high-speed active pantograph is proposed. The nonlinear finite element procedure is employed to establish the catenary model. The fluctuating wind speeds along catenary are simulated using empirical spectrums. The buffeting forces exerted on contact and messenger wires are derived to construct the stochastic wind field along the catenary. A PD sliding surface is properly determined to guarantee that the mechanical impedance of pantograph head at the dominant frequencies of contact force decreases when the sliding surface approaches zero. Through several numerical simulations with different wind velocities and wind angles, the control performance of two popular control laws (proportional switching law and constant switching law) is evaluated.

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Bryja, Danuta, and Adam Hyliński. "An influence of track stiffness discontinuity on pantograph base vibrations and catenary–pantograph dynamic interaction." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 42, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0035.

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AbstractIn this article, the computational methodology of the catenary–train–track system vibration analysis is presented and used to estimate the influence of vehicle body vibrations on the pantograph–catenary dynamic interaction. This issue is rarely referred in the literature, although any perturbations appearing at the pantograph–catenary interface are of great importance for high-speed railways. Vehicle body vibrations considered in this article are induced by the passage of train through the track stiffness discontinuity, being a frequent cause of significant dynamic effects. First, the most important assumptions of the computational model are presented, including the general idea of decomposing catenary–train–track dynamic system into two main subsystems and the concept of one-way coupling between them. Then, the pantograph base vibrations calculated for two train speeds (60 m/s, 100 m/s) and two cases of track discontinuity (a sudden increase and a sudden decrease in the stiffness of track substrate) are analyzed. Two cases of the railway vehicle suspension are considered – a typical two-stage suspension and a primary suspension alone. To evaluate catenary–pantograph dynamic interaction, the dynamic uplift of the contact wire at steady arm and the pantograph contact force is computed. It is demonstrated that an efficiency of the two-stage suspension grows with the train speed; hence, such vehicle suspension effectively suppresses strong sudden shocks of vehicle body, appearing while the train passes through the track stiffness discontinuity at a high speed. In a hypothetical case when the one-stage vehicle suspension is used, the pantograph base vibrations may increase the number of contact loss events at the catenary–pantograph interface.

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Zhou, Ning, Wenjie Yang, Jiurui Liu, Weihua Zhang, and Dong Wang. "Investigation on Monitoring System for Pantograph and Catenary Based on Condition-Based Recognition of Pantograph." Shock and Vibration 2019 (November 28, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3839191.

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In recent years, the length of electrified railway systems has increased along with the number of railway vehicles in China. For the pantograph-catenary system, as one of the key components of the vehicle system, an urgent problem includes diagnosing faults and proposing a safety monitoring system to assure safe operation, improve the level of detection, and decrease the cost of maintenance and repairs. For the monitoring system based on the pantograph, the design process, whole architecture, function module, fault diagnosis method, and monitoring scheme have been investigated. Two specified faults were introduced to describe how to develop such a monitoring scheme based on the pantograph condition-based recognition.

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Wang, Jiangwen, and Guiming Mei. "Effect of Pantograph’s Main Structure on the Contact Quality in High-Speed Railway." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 4, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4037999.

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In general, the electrical energy is provided to the high-speed train through the pantograph-catenary sliding contact. The variation of the dynamic contact force is expected to be small enough to keep the good current collection quality and to extend the service life of the pantograph-catenary system. In this paper, the two tension wires of the catenary are discretized by the sine-series expansions, a multibody dynamics theory based on relative coordinates is adopted to describe the dynamic behavior of the pantograph, and the standard deviation (STD) of dynamic contact force is used as the indicator to evaluate the contact quality. The objective is to investigate how the variations of the pantograph’s main structure influence the contact quality, which may support the structural design and parameter optimization of the pantograph in high-speed railway.

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Nåvik, Petter, Anders Rønnquist, and Sebastian Stichel. "Identification of system damping in railway catenary wire systems from full-scale measurements." Engineering Structures 113 (April 2016): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.031.

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Youn, Eung-Kyu, and Kyu-Hyoung Choi. "A Study on RCM Approach to Catenary System of Electric Railway." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 65, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 1457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2016.65.8.1457.

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Nåvik, Petter, Anders Rønnquist, and Sebastian Stichel. "A wireless railway catenary structural monitoring system: Full-scale case study." Case Studies in Structural Engineering 6 (December 2016): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csse.2016.05.003.

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Zhou, Wei, Heting Xiao, Zhonggang Wang, Lin Chen, and Shaoqing Fu. "Dynamic target template matching for railway catenary suspension motion detection in wind area." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 9 (September 2018): 155014771879795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718797956.

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A dynamic target template matching method was proposed to identify railway catenary suspension movements of wind-induced vibration in wind area. Catenary positioning point was taken as the target template, which was compared with equal-sized image sequentially using the proposed matching difference. And, three-dimensional contour map of matching difference value at each sub-area was obtained, where the target pixel coordinates were determined by the minimum matching difference value. Considering the complex imaging condition, the target template was updated by the detected target image to sense the gradual change of illumination conditions like brightness and contrast. Furthermore, to eliminate detecting errors due to wind-induced camera vibration, both static and moving target templates were identified for acquiring the absolute motion of the moving target. Finally, validation test was performed with animation in PowerPoint. The calculated target displacement agrees well with theoretical motion with maximum relative error of 1.8%. And experiment application was conducted at site by analyzing the relationship between detecting displacement and wind speed. Results indicate that the proposed dynamic target template matching method can meet required engineering precision and provide an effective way for wind-vibration safety research of railway catenary system in wind area.

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Huang, Shize, Liangliang Yu, Fan Zhang, Wei Zhu, and Qiyi Guo. "Cluster Analysis Based Arc Detection in Pantograph-Catenary System." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1329265.

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The pantograph-catenary system, which ensures the transmission of electrical energy, is a critical component of a high-speed electric multiple unit (EMU) train. The pantograph-catenary arc directly affects the power supply quality. The Chinese Railway High-speed (CRH) is equipped with a 6C system to obtain pantograph videos. However, it is difficult to automatically identify the arc image information from the vast amount of videos. This paper proposes an effective approach with which pantograph video can be separated into continuous frame-by-frame images. Because of the interference from the complex operating environment, it is unreasonable to directly use the arc parameters to detect the arc. An environmental segmentation algorithm is developed to eliminate the interference. Time series in the same environment is analyzed via cluster analysis technique (CAT) to find the abnormal points and simplified arc model to find arc events accurately. The proposed approach is tested with real pantograph video and performs well.

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Soler Nicolau, Manuel, Jesús López, Santiago Tapia, and José Manuel Mera. "Expert system using multi-objective optimization of the direct current railway power supply system." Transport 33, no. 1 (November 2, 2015): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2015.1108225.

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There are many different aspects to be analyzed when designing a railway infrastructure. The energy system, which withstands the demand for energy from operating trains, must consider many factors to create a functional infrastructure, in terms of demanded energy and cost sustainable. The methodology proposed gives a set of possible solutions to the designer or engineer. On the one hand, this method works with a multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), with high time efficiency. The main target of this work is to obtain the best electrical configuration in terms of number and location of substations and characteristics of the overhead line system. On the other hand, best configurations must take into account things such as real railway operation, signalling system, infrastructure, costs linked with environment, maintenance, construction and connection with general electric network, losses of energy dissipated along the catenary. Hence, this methodology must combine all of these skills and integrate it with a railway configuration, modelling and simulation tool, Hamlet developed at CITEF (Research Centre on Railway Technologies by Technical University of Madrid, Spain). After using this methodology, designers will have a set of configurations in order to get the final choice of location of traction substations and type of overhead line system to achieve properly the power demand from trains in railway systems.

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Yang, Jia, Yang Song, Xiaobing Lu, Fuchuan Duan, Zhigang Liu, and Ke Chen. "Validation and Analysis on Numerical Response of Super-High-Speed Railway Pantograph-Catenary Interaction Based on Experimental Test." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 16, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9922404.

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The numerical tools can be used to facilitate the design of the railway pantograph-catenary system. The validation of the current numerical results is mostly performed at a speed slower than 350 km/h. This paper aims at the validation and analysis of the numerical results at a super-high-speed. The catenary model is constructed based on a nonlinear finite element approach employing the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. A multibody dynamics model is adopted to represent the pantograph. The measurement data are collected by an inspection vehicle equipped with an instrumented pantograph operating at 378 km/h in Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed line. Comparing the numerical simulation and the field test shows that the present pantograph-catenary model can provide reliable numerical results at 378 km/h. The numerical analysis of pantograph-catenary interaction at super-high-speed shows that the trailing pantograph performance does not comply with the assessment standard at 378 km/h. The adjustment of double-pantograph interval and messenger wire tension can effectively improve the trailing pantograph performance.

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Youn, Eung-Kyu, and Kyu-Hyoung Choi. "A Study on Reliability Analysis of Electric Railway Catenary System using FMECA." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 64, no. 11 (November 1, 2015): 1618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2015.64.11.1618.

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Choi, Kyunsuk, Joo-Uk Kim, Kiwon Lee, Kyoung-Ju Seo, and Young Park. "A Basic Study on Digital Manufacturing Technologies for Catenary System in Railway." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 69, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 1495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2020.69.10.1495.

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Qi, Guang-feng, Xiao-hui Xiao, Hui Zhao, and Jian-fang Chen. "Fatigue life evaluation on key components of high-speed railway catenary system." Journal of Central South University 25, no. 8 (August 2018): 1958–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-018-3886-5.

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Liu, Zhendong, Sebastian Stichel, and Anders Rønnquist. "Application of tuned-mass system on railway catenary to improve dynamic performance." Engineering Structures 165 (June 2018): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.03.060.

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García-Garre, Ana, and Antonio Gabaldón. "Analysis, Evaluation and Simulation of Railway Diesel-Electric and Hybrid Units as Distributed Energy Resources." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (September 2, 2019): 3605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173605.

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The objective of this paper involves the analysis, identification and evaluation of different possibilities offered by technology for the improvement and the management of the use of energy and hybridization in railways: On board generation, demand response and energy storage, both in traction and auxiliary loads, considering the aggregation of resources and its stochastic nature. The paper takes into account the importance of efficient use of energy in railways, both currently (trains in service, prototypes) and in the future, considering the trends driven by energy policy scenarios (2030–2050) that will affect service and operation of units during their lifetime. A new activity has been considered that will be relevant in the future in the framework of a new electricity supply paradigm: Smart-Grids. According to this paradigm, the interaction of the Electric Power System and the Railway Supply System (somehow embedded in the Power System) will bring new opportunities for the collaboration of these two systems to perform, in a wise economic fashion, a better and more reliable operation of the complete energy system. The paper is focused on a mixed profile with low-medium traffic (passenger and freight): The first part of the route is electrified (3 kV DC catenary) whereas the second part is not electrified. Results justify that complex policies and objectives bring an opportunity to make cost-effective the hybridization of railway units, especially in low/medium traffic lines, which improves their social and economic sustainability.

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Yi, Lingzhi, You Guo, Nian Liu, Jian Zhao, Wang Li, and Junyong Sun. "Health status identification of catenary based on VMD and FA-ELM." Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology 15 (January 2021): 174830262110248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17483026211024898.

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Catenary works as a key part in the electric railway traction power supply system, which is exposed outdoors for a long time and the failure rate is very high. Once a failure occurs, it will directly affect the driving safety. Based on the above, a model of identifying the health status for the catenary based on firefly algorithm optimized extreme learning machine combined with variational mode decomposition is proposed in this paper. Variational mode decomposition is used to decompose the original detection curve of catenary into a series of intrinsic mode function components, and the intrinsic mode function components filtered by the correlation coefficient method after decomposing each detection curve are input into the firefly algorithm optimized extreme learning machine model to realize health status identification. Compared with some other models, the results show that the proposed model has better health status identification effect.

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Goolak, Sergey, Viktor Tkachenko, Gintautas Bureika, and Gediminas Vaičiūnas. "METHOD OF SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF TRACTION CURRENT OF AC ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES." Transport 35, no. 6 (January 21, 2021): 658–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.14242.

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An improved method for spectral analysis of traction current of an Alternating Current (AC) electric locomotive is considered in the article. A new method of spectral analysis considers the change in voltage in the catenary system as a non-deterministic, non-ergodic and non-Gaussian process. It has been established that higher voltage harmonics in the catenary system have a significant negative effect on the operation of non-traction railway consumers of electricity. In addition, electric locomotives operating in the same feeder zone have a mutual influence on each other. Electric railway transport is a source of higher voltage harmonics and strongly distorts the shape of the sinusoidal voltage of the catenary system, which are caused by the higher spectral components of the current in the electric locomotive traction drive circuit. These spectral components of the traction current arise in the traction drive circuit due to the nonlinearity of the current-voltage characteristics of the electronic devices of an electric locomotive, for example, a contact rectifier, a capacitor circuit of traction motors. Reactive power compensators are used in electric locomotives to eliminate components of higher harmonic traction current in the catenary system. Traditionally, spectral analysis in such systems is performed using Fourier methods. However, the determination of the spectral components of the traction current by the Fourier method for constructing a control system for a reactive power compensator is possible only if the process of voltage variation is a deterministic or ergodic Gaussian process. Otherwise, the application of Fourier transform methods will be incorrect. An analysis of the factors that affect voltage changes in the catenary system showed that this process is significantly different from the ergodic Gaussian process. Such factors include the following: the operating mode of the electric locomotives; number and total capacity of electric locomotives in one feeder zone; electric locomotives passing through feeder zones; instability of collection current. Thus, in the case under consideration, the application of the Fourier methods is incorrect for the analysis of the spectral components of the traction current. This affects the quality of compensation of the higher harmonic components of the traction current, and in some cases, the unstable operation of the control system of the active part of the reactive power compensator. Proposed scientific approach is based on the Levinson–Durbin linear prediction algorithm. On the one hand, this allows adapting the control system of the compensator to the voltage parameters of the catenary system. On the other hand, this allows taking into account the operating modes of electric rail vehicle with reactive power compensation. The construction of a compensator control system using the Levinson–Durbin algorithm significantly simplifies thensynchronization scheme of the compensator and power circuits of the traction electric drive of AC electric locomotive. A comparison of the traditional method of spectral analysis, based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and the method, based on the Levinson–Durbin algorithm, proposed by the authors, showed the high efficiency of the latter.

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Parlakyıldız, Sakir, Muhsin Tunay Gencoglu, and Mehmet Sait Cengiz. "Analysis Of Failure Detection And Visibility Criteria In Pantograph-catenary Interaction." Volume 28, Number 6, 2020, no. 03-2020 (December 2020): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-040.

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The main purpose of new studies investigating pantograph catenary interaction in electric rail systems is to detect malfunctions. In the pantograph catenary interaction studies, cameras with non-contact error detection methods are used extensively in the literature. However, none of these studies analyse lighting conditions that improve visual function for cameras. The main subject of this study is to increase the visibility of cameras used in railway systems. In this context, adequate illuminance of the test environment is one of the most important parameters that affect the failure detection success. With optimal lighting, the rate of fault detection increases. For this purpose, a camera, and a LED luminaire 18 W was placed on a wagon, one of the electric rail system elements. This study considered CIE140–2019 (2nd edition) standards. Thanks to the lighting made, it is easier for cameras to detect faults in the electric trains on the move. As a result, in scientific studies, especially in rail systems, the lighting of mobile test environments, such as pantograph-catenary, should be optimal. In environments where visibility conditions improve, the rate of fault detection increases.

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Steczek, Marcin, Piotr Chudzik, and Adam Szeląg. "Application of a Non-carrier-Based Modulation for Current Harmonics Spectrum Control during Regenerative Braking of the Electric Vehicle." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 6686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246686.

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The regenerative braking of railway vehicles is widely used in DC railway systems all over the world. This mode of operation provides an opportunity to reuse part of the energy consumed by vehicles, and makes the railway system more energy efficient. During regenerative braking, not only energy management is an issue, but also Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC issues, such as interference of generated current harmonics with a railway signaling system. In this paper, the selective harmonic elimination modulation technique (SHE-PWM) was introduced to the traction drive with a three-level inverter to reduce specific catenary current harmonics generated during regenerative braking. The simulation model of a traction drive appropriate for harmonics analysis was proposed and verified by the measurements in the low-power laboratory drive system. The model was re-scaled to the 3 kV DC system for further study. The model of an induction motor with electromotive force and the method of its calculation was proposed. Furthermore, an analysis of the braking chopper operation was carried out. The asymmetric control of braking chopper was proposed to reduce the current harmonics below limits during chopper operation.

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Zou, Rong, Xiaoyun Fan, Chuang Qian, Wenfang Ye, Peng Zhao, Jian Tang, and Hui Liu. "An Efficient and Accurate Method for Different Configurations Railway Extraction Based on Mobile Laser Scanning." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (December 6, 2019): 2929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242929.

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The precision of railway map is becoming a significant issue for autonomous train scheduling, monitoring and maintenance, related location-based service (LBS), and further ensuring travel safety. Mobile 3D laser scanning is an efficient method for making relative high-precision railway track maps, particularly during the night period of railway maintenance, for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can work without ambient light. In this paper, we propose an efficient and accurate railway track vectorization method based on the LiDAR point clouds from the self-built train Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) system. Our method takes full use of railway track geometry and reflection intensity feature of LiDAR, without any trajectory prior information. Firstly, clear track points are filtered by intensity; then, a K-means clustering fused Region-Grow Fitting algorithm is applied. It can not only extract the line vector of railway track, but also can tell the track branches apart, especially on bends and turnout. Experiments were carried on using point clouds with an average density of 490 points per square meter. The experimental results show that the method not only can quickly extract linear objects such as railway track and catenary, but also can detect the railways even in complex real-world topologies such as at bends and turnouts. The precision of the detection area in bends and turnouts are 90.32% and 81.31% respectively, the sensitivity is 83.27% and 83.33%, respectively. Moreover, it can identify the track networks.

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Tomioka, Takahiro. "Research Topics on Railway Vehicle Dynamics." EPI International Journal of Engineering 1, no. 2 (November 20, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082018.01.

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Engineering research subjects relating railway vehicle dynamics are described as a literature survey in this paper. Research works concerning to the motion of wheelset; pantograph-catenary interaction; aerodynamic relating problems on the vehicle; and application of control techniques are introduced firstly as the most distinctive subjects of railway vehicle dynamics. The topics on safety assessment and ride comfort evaluation are also dealt with since those are important research area in railway dynamics as public transportation system. The subject concerning to carbody elastic vibration, which is important relating to ride comfort, is also described. The effect of passengers on the elastic vibration of carbody has been introduced as the interesting (and something surprising) topic. The focuses in the literature survey are particularly on the research works from Japan, in this paper.

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Jung, Hosung, Joouk Kim, Samyoung Kwon, and Hyungchul Kim. "Configuration and Performance Evaluation of De-icing Overhead Catenary System in DC Traction Railway System." Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 23, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 864–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7782/jksr.2020.23.9.864.

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Cunillera, Alejandro, Adrián Fernández-Rodríguez, Asunción P. Cucala, Antonio Fernández-Cardador, and Maria Carmen Falvo. "Assessment of the Worthwhileness of Efficient Driving in Railway Systems with High-Receptivity Power Supplies." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071836.

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Eco-driving is one of the most important strategies for significantly reducing the energy consumption of railways with low investments. It consists of designing a way of driving a train to fulfil a target running time, consuming the minimum amount of energy. Most eco-driving energy savings come from the substitution of some braking periods with coasting periods. Nowadays, modern trains can use regenerative braking to recover the kinetic energy during deceleration phases. Therefore, if the receptivity of the railway system to regenerate energy is high, a question arises: is it worth designing eco-driving speed profiles? This paper assesses the energy benefits that eco-driving can provide in different scenarios to answer this question. Eco-driving is obtained by means of a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, combined with a detailed train simulator, to obtain realistic results. Eco-driving speed profiles are compared with a standard driving that performs the same running time. Real data from Spanish high-speed lines have been used to analyze the results in two case studies. Stretches fed by 1 × 25 kV and 2 × 25 kV AC power supply systems have been considered, as they present high receptivity to regenerate energy. Furthermore, the variations of the two most important factors that affect the regenerative energy usage have been studied: train motors efficiency ratio and catenary resistance. Results indicate that the greater the catenary resistance, the more advantageous eco-driving is. Similarly, the lower the motor efficiency, the greater the energy savings provided by efficient driving. Despite the differences observed in energy savings, the main conclusion is that eco-driving always provides significant energy savings, even in the case of the most receptive power supply network. Therefore, this paper has demonstrated that efforts in improving regenerated energy usage must not neglect the role of eco-driving in railway efficiency.

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Liang, Jianying, Donghua Wu, and Jin Yu. "A Design Method of Compensation Circuit for High-Power Dynamic Capacitive Power Transfer System Considering Coupler Voltage Distribution for Railway Applications." Electronics 10, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020153.

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Capacitive power transfer (CPT) is a promising method to solve the problems caused by the traditional Pantograph-catenary contact power supply for railway applications. In contrast, the CPT system suffers a broken risk because of the small coupling capacitor. This paper has analyzed the CPT coupler’s voltage distributions for dynamic CPT systems when high power is required in real railway applications. The triangle relationship among the coupler voltages is derived. The circuit of the CPT system to accolated the coupler voltage is analyzed. Then, the compensation parameters are given. With the adopted LCLC-CL topology, the design process is presented by considering the coupler voltages. An experimental setup is conducted to validate the proposed design method. The experimental results show that the system can achieve 3 kW output power with 92.46% DC-DC efficiency and the voltage distribution aggress well with the designed values.

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Thanmay, Jonnalagadda Rithvik. "Renewable Energy Sources Integration and Control in Railway Microgird." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4686–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35160.

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The traffic rail increase implies an increase in the electric energy consumption. Hybridizing the railway sub-stations with hybrid energy sources based on renewable energy sources and storage units connected to a DC bus may be a solution to contribute to the partial independence of energy producers in the sector of traffic rail. A smart control is highly recommended in order to avoid disturbing the traffic or the energy quality of railway lines. This project proposes a reversible, self-adaptive, autonomous and intelligent distributed generator connected to the catenary thanks to the DC bus distributed control by the multi-agent system. The results analysis has shown that the proposed control architecture can be a solution to face the issues related to the traffic railway issues.

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Gregori, S., M. Tur, E. Nadal, F. J. Fuenmayor, and F. Chinesta. "Parametric model for the simulation of the railway catenary system static equilibrium problem." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 115 (August 2016): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2016.02.007.

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Song, Yang, Anders Rønnquist, Tengjiao Jiang, and Petter Nåvik. "Identification of short-wavelength contact wire irregularities in electrified railway pantograph–catenary system." Mechanism and Machine Theory 162 (August 2021): 104338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2021.104338.

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Aydin, Ilhan, Selahattin B. Celebi, Sami Barmada, and Mauro Tucci. "Fuzzy integral-based multi-sensor fusion for arc detection in the pantograph-catenary system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 1 (August 9, 2016): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716662090.

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The pantograph-catenary subsystem is a fundamental component of a railway train since it provides the traction electrical power. A bad operating condition or, even worse, a failure can disrupt the railway traffic creating economic damages and, in some cases, serious accidents. Therefore, the correct operation of such subsystems should be ensured in order to have an economically efficient, reliable and safe transportation system. In this study, a new arc detection method was proposed and is based on features from the current and voltage signals collected by the pantograph. A tool named mathematical morphology is applied to voltage and current signals to emphasize the effect of the arc, before applying the fast Fourier transform to obtain the power spectrum. Afterwards, three support vector machine-based classifiers are trained separately to detect the arcs, and a fuzzy integral technique is used to synthesize the results obtained by the individual classifiers, therefore implementing a classifier fusion technique. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is effective for the detection of arcs, and the fusion of classifier has a higher detection accuracy than any individual classifier.

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Wu, T. X., and M. J. Brennan. "DYNAMIC STIFFNESS OF A RAILWAY OVERHEAD WIRE SYSTEM AND ITS EFFECT ON PANTOGRAPH–CATENARY SYSTEM DYNAMICS." Journal of Sound and Vibration 219, no. 3 (January 1999): 483–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1998.1869.

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He, Fan, Dandan Guo, and Liming Chen. "Numerical study of contact wire tension affecting dropper stress of a catenary system." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 3 (March 2021): 168781402199504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814021995041.

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Dropper is the key component of in a catenary system and it is prone to fatigue fracture. Dropper stress directly affects the operation safety of high-speed railway. In this paper, a span of dropper in a catenary system is modeled to investigate the effects of contact wire tension on dropper stress. The response equation of contact wire and the theoretical equation of dropper stress are deduced. The initial and boundary conditions of each dropper are determined, and then the stress of each dropper is calculated by the finite difference method using a MATLAB program. The results show that the stress amplitude and the maximum tensile stress of the dropper decrease significantly with the increase of contact wire tension. When the tension is low, the stress changes of dropper near the load location experience three stages: instant rebound, attenuated vibration, and bending compression. However, the attenuation vibration stage disappears when the tension is increased to a certain extent. Therefore, the control of the vibration response of the contact wire can effectively reduce the stress amplitude and the maximum tensile stress of the dropper, so as to improve the working reliability of the dropper.

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Chen, Liming, Peihuo Peng, and Fan He. "Fatigue life analysis of dropper used in pantograph-catenary system of high-speed railway." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 5 (May 2018): 168781401877613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018776135.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Railway catenary system'

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